Experimental platform and experimental method for simulating mine water and sand bursting disasters

Abstract

The invention discloses an experimental platform and an experimental method for simulating mine water and sand bursting disasters, the experimental platform comprises a water and sand bursting experimental box body and a control mechanism, the top of the experimental box body is provided with an experimental image acquisition system, and the bottom of the experimental box body is provided with an experimental hydraulic support simulation system and a water and sand bursting weighing and metering system. A water and sand bursting water source supply device is arranged on the outer side of the water and sand bursting experiment box body; the water and sand bursting experiment box body comprises a simulation box with an open top; the control mechanism is adopted to control the hydraulic support to simulate the mining mode of an underground coal mine, the capacity of a water and sand bursting simulation experiment is greatly expanded, the water and sand bursting phenomenon under different coal mining working conditions can be simulated, more accurate and comprehensive data support and theoretical basis are provided for water and sand bursting prevention and control research in the mining process of the underground coal mine, and the development of the underground coal mine is facilitated. The technical problem that an existing water-bursting and sand-bursting physical similar simulation experiment platform cannot simulate water-bursting and sand-bursting measurement under multiple mining working conditions is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of mine safety production, and relates to a water and sand inrush disaster simulation system, in particular to an experimental platform and an experimental method for simulating water and sand inrush disasters in mines. Background Art

[0002] In the eastern mining areas of China, the shallow coal resources are gradually exhausted and mining is moving towards deeper areas. More production capacity is transferred to the western mining areas. Under the conditions of modern, large-scale and high-intensity mining in the west, due to the proximity of the mined coal seams to loose aquifers and the relatively thin overlying rock thickness, the overlying rock failure caused by mining is likely to affect the overlying loose water-bearing sand layer, resulting in roof water and sand inrush accidents. It is necessary to study and analyze the causes and mechanisms of roof water and sand inrush.

[0003] At present, there are still some deficiencies in the domestic conventional physical similarity simulation experimental platforms for roof water and sand inrush, which are mainly reflected in the following three aspects:

[0004] (1) It is impossible to provide a stable water supply system;

[0005] (2) It is impossible to accurately measure the amount of water and sand inrush;

[0006] (3) It is difficult to simulate the mining of the working face in three-dimensional state.

[0007] In order to scientifically study the phenomenon of roof water and sand inrush, a research platform is needed to analyze and verify the key factors during the occurrence of disasters. Summary of the Invention

[0008] Aiming at the deficiencies of the existing technology, the purpose of the present invention is to provide an experimental platform and an experimental method for simulating water and sand inrush disasters in mines, so as to solve the technical problem that the existing physical similarity simulation experimental platforms for water and sand inrush cannot simulate the measurement of water and sand inrush under various mining conditions.

[0009] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention is implemented by adopting the following technical solutions:

[0010] An experimental platform for simulating water and sand inrush disasters in mines includes a water and sand inrush experimental box body and a control mechanism. An experimental image acquisition system is arranged on the top of the experimental box body, an experimental hydraulic support simulation system and a water and sand inrush weighing and metering system are arranged at the bottom of the experimental box body, and a water and sand inrush water source replenishment device is arranged outside the water and sand inrush experimental box body;

[0011] The water and sand inrush experimental box body includes a simulation box with an open top. A plurality of simulation box water inlets are arranged on the longitudinal two side walls of the simulation box, and a first side baffle, a second side baffle and a third side baffle with different lengths are sequentially arranged on the transverse two side walls of the simulation box;

[0012] The experimental image acquisition system includes an experimental observation platform arranged on the top of the experimental box body, and a high-speed optical speckle measurement system is arranged on the top of the experimental observation platform;

[0013] The experimental hydraulic support simulation system includes a support frame, and multiple groups of hydraulic supports are arranged on the support frame;

[0014] Each hydraulic support includes a pair of oil cylinders. A connecting plate is jointly arranged at the tops of the pair of oil cylinders. A pair of guide rods are arranged at the bottom of the connecting plate, and a heat insulation plate is arranged at the top of the connecting plate; A first weighing sensor is arranged between the connecting plate and each oil cylinder; A contact switch is arranged at the bottom of each oil cylinder and on the guide rod close to the oil cylinder side;

[0015] The water and sand gushing and weighing measurement system includes a sand collection tank and a water collection tank which are arranged in the water and sand gushing experimental box body from top to bottom in sequence;

[0016] The water source replenishment device includes a water tank support main body and a cylindrical open water tank which are arranged from bottom to top in sequence. A lead screw is arranged inside the water tank support main body. Manual lifting wheels are arranged at both ends of the lead screw, and a lifting guide rail is arranged on the lead screw along the vertical direction;

[0017] An inlet control valve and multiple outlet connecting pipes are arranged on the side wall of the water tank support main body, and the outlet connecting pipes are connected to the inlets of multiple simulation boxes.

[0018] The present invention further includes the following technical features:

[0019] A first detachable ladder is arranged on the outer wall of the simulation box, and the top of the detachable ladder extends into the experimental observation platform.

[0020] A second detachable ladder is arranged on the inner wall of the simulation box, and the top of the second detachable ladder extends into the experimental observation platform.

[0021] Observation windows are arranged on the longitudinal two side walls of the simulation box.

[0022] The sand collection tank includes a sand tank collection box. A water-sand separation partition is arranged in the sand tank collection box, and a water collection tank is arranged at the bottom of the sand tank collection box; The water collection tank includes an open water collection box, and a second weighing sensor is arranged at the bottom of the open water collection box.

[0023] The bottom of the sand tank collection box is provided with pulleys, and the pulleys move on the tracks on the ground.

[0024] An oil cylinder solenoid valve is connected to each oil cylinder, and the oil cylinder solenoid valve is electrically connected to the control mechanism.

[0025] An experimental method for mine water inrush and sand inrush disasters, based on the experimental platform for simulating mine water inrush and sand inrush disasters, specifically includes the following steps:

[0026] Step 1, filling the medium;

[0027] Adjust the first side baffle, the second side baffle and the third side baffle of the simulation box to the experimental design size; raise the hydraulic support to the top, and fill the corresponding medium in the simulation box according to the experimental design.

[0028] Step 2, pre-filling water;

[0029] Use the manual lifting device on the water inrush and sand inrush water supply device to raise the cylindrical open water tank to the experimental design height, open the inlet control valve, supply water to the cylindrical open water tank, and at the same time, the outlet connecting pipe of the water inrush and sand inrush water supply device is connected to the simulation box inlet of the simulation box through a water pipe to inject water into the simulation box. When the water levels of the simulation box and the cylindrical open water tank rise to the design height, stop injecting water.

[0030] Step 3, starting the simulation experiment;

[0031] Lower the hydraulic support successively according to the experimental design sequence and interval time until the phenomenon of water inrush and sand inrush occurs.

[0032] Step 4, real-time recording;

[0033] The high-speed optical speckle measurement system in the top experimental image acquisition system collects image data according to the design, collects pressure data through the first weighing sensor in the experimental hydraulic support simulation system, and records the hydraulic support position data through the contact switch; records the sand inrush data and the water inrush data respectively through the sand collection tank and the water collection tank of the water inrush and sand inrush weighing and metering system.

[0034] Step 5, experimental cleaning;

[0035] Pull out the sand tank collection box in the water inrush and sand inrush weighing and metering system to carry out the cleaning work after the experiment is completed.

[0036] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial technical effects of the present invention are:

[0037] (Ⅰ) The present invention uses a control mechanism to control the hydraulic support to simulate the mining method of underground coal mines, greatly expanding the ability of the water inrush and sand inrush simulation experiment, and can simulate the water inrush and sand inrush phenomena under different coal mining conditions, providing more accurate and comprehensive data support and theoretical basis for the research on the prevention and control of water inrush and sand inrush during the underground coal mine mining process, and solving the technical problem that the existing physical similarity simulation experiment platform for water inrush and sand inrush cannot simulate the water inrush and sand inrush measurement under multiple mining conditions.

[0038] (II) In the present invention, by setting up a water and sand gushing weighing and metering system, a solid-liquid coupling water and sand gushing experiment can be carried out. Through precise system regulation, water pressures of different magnitudes can be flexibly loaded to simulate various complex actual working conditions, providing strong support for studying the mechanism of solid-liquid interaction under different water pressure conditions. In the measurement process, the amount of gushing sand and the amount of gushing water are measured respectively through a sand collection tank and a water collection tank, which can accurately capture the change of the amount of gushing water in the experiment and provide an extremely accurate data basis for subsequent data processing and analysis. Compared with traditional experimental methods, this precise measurement method greatly improves the reliability and effectiveness of experimental data, provides solid data support for theoretical research and practical applications in related fields, and promotes the research in this field to develop in a deeper and more accurate direction.

[0039] (III) By setting up an observation window and other components, the present invention realizes the visualization of the water and sand gushing experiment process, enabling researchers to directly observe the dynamic changes of the experiment and breaking through the drawback of limited observation of traditional experimental platforms. In addition, by setting up an image acquisition system, it can record in real time and clearly the particle migration, the evolution of the accumulation morphology of the sand layer on the top of the model, and the subtle changes such as the initiation, expansion and connection of cracks. Through this image acquisition system, not only static image data can be obtained for subsequent detailed analysis, but also dynamic video recording can be carried out to completely present the change trend during the whole experiment process, providing rich and accurate data support for researchers to deeply explore relevant physical processes and effectively expanding the dimension and depth of experimental research.

[0040] (IV) By setting up a weighing sensor, the present invention can accurately capture extremely subtle pressure changes in the hydraulic system and transmit these data to the data processing terminal in real time. During the experiment, the experimenter can, relying on this feature, flexibly adjust the experimental process at any time according to the real-time obtained experimental data, realizing the direct real-time monitoring and transmission of pressure data. This high degree of flexibility and real-time performance not only greatly improves the experimental efficiency, but also effectively reduces experimental errors, ensuring the accuracy and reliability of experimental results and providing more powerful and accurate experimental support for research and applications in related fields. Description of the Drawings

[0041] Figure 1 is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the experimental platform for simulating mine water and sand gushing disasters of the present application;

[0042] Figure 2 is a front view structural schematic diagram of the experimental platform for simulating mine water and sand gushing disasters of the present application;

[0043] Figure 3 is a side view structural schematic diagram of the experimental platform for simulating mine water and sand gushing disasters of the present application;

[0044] Figure 4 It is a top view structural schematic diagram of the experimental platform for simulating mine water and sand inrush disasters in this application;

[0045] Figure 5 It is a partial schematic diagram of the experimental platform for simulating mine water and sand inrush disasters in this application;

[0046] Figure 6 It is a flow schematic diagram of the experimental method for mine water and sand inrush disasters in this application.

[0047] The meanings of each label in the figure are as follows: 1 - water and sand inrush experimental box body, 2 - experimental image acquisition system, 3 - experimental hydraulic support simulation system, 4 - water and sand inrush weighing and metering system, 5 - water and sand inrush water source replenishment device;

[0048] 100 - simulation box, 101 - observation window, 102 - first side baffle, 103 - second side baffle, 104 - third side baffle, 105 - simulation box water inlet;

[0049] 201 - observation platform, 202 - high - speed optical speckle measurement system, 203 - external detachable ladder, 204 - internal detachable ladder;

[0050] 301 - simulated hydraulic support, 302 - solenoid valve;

[0051] 3001 - oil cylinder, 3002 - first weighing sensor, 3003 - guide rod, 3004 - connecting plate, 3005 - heat insulation plate, 3006 - limit block;

[0052] 401 - sand collection trough; 402 - water collection tank;

[0053] 4001 - sand inrush collection box, 4002 - water - sand separation partition board, 4003 - sand collection trough, 4004 - water collection box, 4005 - second weighing sensor, 4006 - pulley, 4007 - guide rail;

[0054] 501 - water tank support main body, 502 - open water tank, 503 - manual lifting runner, 504 - water outlet connecting pipe, 505 - water inlet control valve, 506 - transmission shaft, 507 - lifting guide rail.

[0055] The following further elaborates on the specific content of the present invention in conjunction with embodiments. Specific embodiments

[0056] It should be noted that all components in the present invention, without special instructions, are components known in the art.

[0057] Specific embodiments of the present invention are given below. It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the following specific embodiments, and any equivalent transformation based on the technical solution of this application falls within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0058] The present invention provides an experimental platform for simulating mine water and sand inrush disasters, including a water and sand inrush experimental box body 1 and a control mechanism. An experimental image acquisition system 2 is arranged on the top of the experimental box body 1, an experimental hydraulic support simulation system 3 and a water and sand inrush weighing and metering system 4 are arranged at the bottom of the experimental box body 1, and a water and sand inrush water source supply device 5 is arranged outside the water and sand inrush experimental box body 1.

[0059] The water and sand inrush experimental box body 1 includes a simulation box 100 with an open top. A plurality of simulation box water inlets 105 are arranged on the longitudinal side walls of the simulation box 100, and a first side baffle 102, a second side baffle 103 and a third side baffle 104 with different lengths are sequentially arranged on the transverse side walls of the simulation box 100.

[0060] The experimental image acquisition system 2 includes an experimental observation platform 201 arranged on the top of the experimental box body 1, and a high-speed optical speckle measurement system 202 is arranged on the top of the experimental observation platform 201.

[0061] The experimental hydraulic support simulation system 3 includes a support frame, and multiple groups of hydraulic supports 301 are arranged on the support frame.

[0062] Each hydraulic support 301 includes a pair of oil cylinders 3001. A connecting plate 3004 is jointly arranged at the top of the pair of oil cylinders 3001. A pair of guide rods 3003 are arranged at the bottom of the connecting plate 3004, and a heat insulation plate 3005 is arranged at the top of the connecting plate 3004. A first weighing sensor 3002 is arranged between the connecting plate 3004 and each oil cylinder 3001; a contact switch 3006 is arranged at the bottom of each oil cylinder 3001 and on the guide rod 3003 near the side of the oil cylinder 3001.

[0063] The water and sand inrush weighing and metering system 4 includes a sand collecting tank 401 and a water collecting tank 402 which are sequentially arranged in the water and sand inrush experimental box body 1 from top to bottom.

[0064] The water source supply device 5 includes a water tank support main body 501 and a cylindrical open water tank 502 which are arranged in sequence from bottom to top. A lead screw 506 is arranged inside the water tank support main body 501. Manual lifting wheels 503 are arranged at both ends of the lead screw 506, and a lifting guide rail 507 is arranged on the lead screw 506 along the vertical direction.

[0065] An inlet control valve 505 and a plurality of outlet connecting pipes 504 are arranged on the side wall of the water tank support main body 501, and the outlet connecting pipes 504 are connected to a plurality of simulation box water inlets 105.

[0066] In the above technical solution, the experimental image acquisition system 2 is used to acquire experimental image data; the experimental hydraulic support simulation system 3 is used to acquire the pressure data and position data of the hydraulic support 301; the water and sand inrush weighing and metering system 4 is used to measure and record the water and sand inrush data; the water and sand inrush water source replenishment device 5 controls the height of the open water tank 502 by manually lifting the rotating wheel 503 to control the water pressure, and provides a stable water volume and water pressure for the simulation tank 100.

[0067] The control mechanism is adopted to control the hydraulic support to simulate the mining method of underground coal mines, which greatly expands the ability of the water and sand inrush simulation experiment, can simulate the water and sand inrush phenomena under different coal mining conditions, provides more accurate and comprehensive data support and theoretical basis for the research on the prevention and control of water and sand inrush during the underground coal mine mining process, and solves the technical problem that the existing physical similarity simulation experiment platform for water and sand inrush cannot simulate the water and sand inrush measurement under multiple mining conditions.

[0068] By setting up the water and sand inrush weighing and metering system, the solid-liquid coupling water and sand inrush experiment can be carried out. Through precise system regulation and control, water pressures of different pressures can be flexibly loaded to simulate various complex actual working conditions, providing strong support for the research on the mechanism of solid-liquid interaction under different water pressure conditions. In the measurement link, the sand inrush volume and the water inrush volume are measured respectively through the sand collection tank and the water collection tank, and the change of the water inrush volume in the experiment can be accurately captured, providing an extremely accurate data basis for the subsequent data processing and analysis. Compared with the traditional experimental means, this accurate measurement method greatly improves the reliability and effectiveness of the experimental data, provides solid data support for the theoretical research and practical application in related fields, and promotes the research in this field to develop in a deeper and more accurate direction.

[0069] By setting up the weighing sensor, extremely subtle pressure changes in the hydraulic system can be accurately captured and these data are transmitted to the data processing terminal in real time. During the experiment, the experimenter can, by virtue of this characteristic, flexibly adjust the experiment process at any time according to the real-time obtained experimental data, realizing the direct real-time monitoring and transmission of the pressure data. This high degree of flexibility and real-time performance not only greatly improves the experimental efficiency, but also effectively reduces the experimental error, ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the experimental results, and providing more powerful and accurate experimental support for the research and application in related fields.

[0070] A first detachable ladder 203 is arranged on the outer wall of the simulation tank 100, and the top of the detachable ladder 203 extends into the experimental observation platform 201.

[0071] In the above technical solution, by setting the first detachable ladder 203, it is convenient for the staff to observe closely.

[0072] On the inner wall of the simulation box 100, a second detachable ladder 204 is provided, and the top of the second detachable ladder 204 extends into the experimental observation platform 201.

[0073] In the above technical solution, the second detachable ladder 204 is provided as a backup for the first detachable ladder 203 and is used in special situations.

[0074] Observation windows 101 are provided on the longitudinal side walls of the simulation box 100.

[0075] In the above technical solution, by providing observation windows, etc., the visualization of the process of the water and sand bursting experiment is realized, enabling researchers to directly observe the dynamic changes of the experiment, breaking through the drawback of limited observation of the traditional experimental platform; in addition, by providing an image acquisition system, it is possible to record in real time and clearly the particle migration, the evolution of the accumulation form of the sand layer on the top of the model, and the subtle changes such as the initiation, expansion, and connection of cracks. Through this image acquisition system, not only can static image data be obtained for subsequent detailed analysis, but also dynamic video recording can be carried out to fully present the change trend during the entire experiment, providing rich and accurate data support for researchers to deeply explore relevant physical processes and effectively expanding the dimension and depth of experimental research.

[0076] The sand collection tank 401 includes a sand tank collection box 4001, a water-sand separation partition 4002 is provided in the sand tank collection box 4001, and a water collection tank 4003 is provided at the bottom of the sand tank collection box 4001; the water collection tank 402 includes an open water collection box 4004, and a second weighing sensor 4005 is provided at the bottom of the open water collection box 4004.

[0077] In the above technical solution, the sand collection tank 401 and the water collection tank 402 are respectively used to measure and record the data of sand bursting and water bursting.

[0078] A pulley 4006 is provided at the bottom of the sand tank collection box 4001, and the pulley 4006 moves on the track 4007 on the ground.

[0079] In the above technical solution, the setting of the pulley 4006 facilitates the movement of the sand tank collection box 4001.

[0080] Each oil cylinder 3001 is connected with an oil cylinder solenoid valve 302, and the oil cylinder solenoid valve 302 is electrically connected to the control mechanism.

[0081] Preferably, the oil cylinder solenoid valve 302 is a two-position three-way valve.

[0082] The present invention also provides an experimental method for mine water and sand bursting disasters. Based on the experimental platform for simulating mine water and sand bursting disasters, it specifically includes the following steps:

[0083] Step 1, filling the medium;

[0084] Adjust the first side baffle 102, the second side baffle 103 and the third side baffle 104 of the simulation box 100 to the experimental design dimensions; raise the hydraulic support 301 to the top, and fill the corresponding medium in the simulation box 100 according to the experimental design.

[0085] Step two, pre-fill with water;

[0086] Use the manual lifting device 503 on the water and sand inrush water supply device 5 to raise the cylindrical open water tank 502 to the experimental design height, open the inlet control valve 505 to supply water to the cylindrical open water tank 502. At the same time, the outlet connecting pipe 504 of the water and sand inrush water supply device 5 is connected to the simulation box water inlet 105 of the simulation box 100 through a water pipe to inject water into the simulation box 100. When the water levels of the simulation box 100 and the cylindrical open water tank 502 rise to the design height, stop injecting water.

[0087] Step three, start the simulation experiment;

[0088] Lower the hydraulic support 301 successively according to the order and interval time of the experimental design until the phenomenon of water and sand inrush occurs.

[0089] Step four, record in real time;

[0090] The high-speed optical speckle measurement system 202 in the top experimental image acquisition system 2 collects image data according to the design, collects pressure data through the first weighing sensor 3002 in the experimental hydraulic support simulation system 3, and records the position data of the hydraulic support 301 through the contact switch 3006; record the sand inrush data and the water inrush data respectively through the sand collection tank 401 and the water collection tank 402 of the water and sand inrush weighing and metering system 4.

[0091] Step five, clean up the experiment;

[0092] Pull out the sand tank collection box 4001 in the water and sand inrush weighing and metering system 4 to carry out the cleaning work after the experiment is completed.

[0093] Example:

[0094] With the original geological conditions: coal seam burial depth 100m, dip angle 0°, thickness 6m, the direct roof of the coal seam is argillaceous cemented sandstone, uniaxial compressive strength 20MPa, thickness 10 - 30m. The upper part is clay layer and aeolian sand, with a thickness of 70 - 90m. The interface between the sandstone and the clay layer is a V-shaped groove, and the coal seam is a medium-hard coal seam with a uniaxial compressive strength of 10MPa. The similar simulation experiment model is 3m long, 2m wide and 2m high, and the geometric similarity ratio is 1:40.

[0095] In this embodiment, according to the design dimensions of the model, the size of the simulation box 100 is adjusted to 3 m in length and 2 m in width using the first side baffle 102, the second side baffle 103, and the third side baffle 104. The simulated hydraulic support 301 is raised to the top, and similar materials, aeolian sand, and sensors are filled in the simulation box 100.

[0096] In this embodiment, water pressure is not continuously applied, so the water supply process of the water source supply device 5 before the experiment is not carried out. According to the design, the simulation box 100 is directly filled with water to 0.7 m using the water inlet 105 of the simulation box. 3 , and the experiment starts after standing for 1 hour.

[0097] In this embodiment, 8 simulated hydraulic supports 301 in each row simulate a working face. The simulated hydraulic supports 301 are sequentially lowered at 30 s intervals to simulate the mining of the working face. After the simulation of each row of mining is completed, it stands for 30 minutes. After the pressure data in the unmined area monitored by the first weighing sensor 3002 of the experimental hydraulic support simulation system 3 is stable, the experiment continues. At the same time, the high-speed optical speckle measurement system 202 is used to monitor the changes at the top of the model.

[0098] In this embodiment, after the simulation of the third working face is completed, that is, three groups of 24 hydraulic supports 301 are lowered. After standing for 30 minutes, the pressure data in the unmined area monitored by the first weighing sensor 3002 has not been stable, and then the phenomenon of sand bursting occurs. The experiment is completed, and the sand collection tank 401 and the water collection tank assembly 402 record the data of sand bursting and water bursting.

[0099] Pull out the sand and water weighing and metering system 4 sand tank collection box 4001 to carry out the cleaning work after the experiment is completed.

Claims

1. An experimental platform for simulating mine flooding and sand bursting disasters, characterized in that: The invention comprises a water and sand bursting experimental box (1) and a control mechanism, wherein an experimental image acquisition system (2) is arranged on the top of the experimental box (1), an experimental hydraulic support simulation system (3) and a water and sand bursting weighing and metering system (4) are arranged on the bottom of the experimental box (1), and a water and sand bursting water source supply device (5) is arranged on the outside of the water and sand bursting experimental box (1); The water and sand breaching test box (1) comprises a simulation box (100) with an open top, a plurality of simulation box water inlets (105) are arranged on two longitudinal side walls of the simulation box (100), and a first side baffle (102), a second side baffle (103) and a third side baffle (104) of different lengths are arranged in sequence on two transverse side walls of the simulation box (100); The experimental image acquisition system (2) comprises an experimental observation platform (201) arranged on the top of the experimental box (1), and a high-speed optical speckle measurement system (202) is arranged on the top of the experimental observation platform (201); The experimental hydraulic support simulation system (3) comprises a support frame, on which a plurality of groups of hydraulic supports (301) are arranged; Each hydraulic support (301) comprises a pair of oil cylinders (3001); a connecting plate (3004) is commonly provided at the top of the pair of oil cylinders (3001); a pair of guide rods (3003) are provided at the bottom of the connecting plate (3004); a heat insulation plate (3005) is provided at the top of the connecting plate (3004); a first weighing sensor (3002) is provided between the connecting plate (3004) and each oil cylinder (3001); a contact switch (3006) is provided at the bottom of each oil cylinder (3001) and on the side of the guide rod (3003) close to the oil cylinder (3001); The water and sand burst weighing and metering system (4) comprises a sand collecting trough (401) and a water collecting box (402) which are arranged in sequence from top to bottom in the water and sand burst experimental box (1); The water source replenishing device (5) comprises a water tank support body (501) and a cylindrical open water tank (502) arranged in sequence from bottom to top, a screw rod (506) is arranged inside the water tank support body (501), manual lifting wheels (503) are arranged at both ends of the screw rod (506), and a lifting guide rail (507) distributed vertically is arranged on the screw rod (506); A water inlet control valve (505) and a plurality of water outlet connecting pipes (504) are provided on the side wall of the water tank supporting body (501), and the water outlet connecting pipes (504) are connected to the plurality of water inlets (105) of the simulation tank.

2. The experimental platform for simulating mine flooding and sand bursting disasters as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: A first detachable ladder (203) is arranged on the outer wall of the simulation box (100), and the top of the detachable ladder (203) extends into the experimental observation platform (201).

3. The experimental platform for simulating mine flooding and sand bursting disasters as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: A second detachable ladder (204) is arranged on the inner wall of the simulation box (100), and the top of the second detachable ladder (204) extends into the experimental observation platform (201).

4. The experimental platform for simulating mine flooding and sand bursting disasters as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: Observation windows (101) are provided on both longitudinal side walls of the simulation box (100).

5. The experimental platform for simulating mine flooding and sand bursting disasters as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The sand collecting trough (401) comprises a sand trough collecting box (4001), a water-sand separation partition (4002) is arranged in the sand trough collecting box (4001), and a water collecting trough (4003) is arranged at the bottom of the sand trough collecting box (4001); the water collecting box (402) comprises an open water collecting box (4004), and a second weighing sensor (4005) is arranged at the bottom of the open water collecting box (4004).

6. The experimental platform for simulating mine flooding and sand bursting disasters as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: A pulley (4006) is provided at the bottom of the sand trough collecting box (4001), and the pulley (4006) moves on a track (4007) on the ground.

7. The experimental platform for simulating mine flooding and sand bursting disasters as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: Each of the oil cylinders (3001) is connected to an oil cylinder solenoid valve (302), and the oil cylinder solenoid valve (302) is electrically connected to the control mechanism.

8. An experimental method for mine flood and sand burst disasters, characterized in that: The experimental platform for simulating mine water and sand burst disasters according to any one of claims 1 to 7 specifically comprises the following steps: Step 1, filling medium; The first side baffle (102), the second side baffle (103) and the third side baffle (104) of the simulation box (100) are adjusted to the experimental design size; the hydraulic support (301) is raised to the top, and the corresponding medium is filled in the simulation box (100) according to the experimental design; Step 2, pre-watering; The cylindrical open water tank (502) is raised to the experimental design height by using the manual lifting device (503) on the water source supply device (5) for breaking water and breaking sand, and the water inlet control valve (505) is opened to supply water to the cylindrical open water tank (502). At the same time, the water outlet connecting pipe (504) of the water source supply device (5) for breaking water and breaking sand is connected to the simulation box water inlet (105) of the simulation box (100) through a water pipe to inject water into the simulation box (100). When the water level of the simulation box (100) and the cylindrical open water tank (502) rises to the design height, the water injection is stopped; Step 3: Start the simulation experiment; The hydraulic supports (301) are lowered in sequence according to the sequence and interval time of the experimental design until water and sand burst occurs; Step 4: Real-time recording; The high-speed optical speckle measurement system (202) in the top experimental image acquisition system (2) performs image data acquisition according to the design, collects pressure data through the first weighing sensor (3002) in the experimental hydraulic support simulation system (3), and records the position data of the hydraulic support (301) through the contact switch (3006); and records the sand burst data and water burst data respectively through the sand collecting trough (401) and the water collecting box (402) of the water burst sand weighing and metering system (4); Step 5: Experimental cleanup; The sand trough collection box (4001) in the water and sand weighing and metering system (4) is pulled out for cleaning after the experiment is completed.

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