Power input coupler

Abstract

The invention discloses a power input coupler, which comprises a normal temperature assembly, a vacuum assembly, a low temperature assembly and an adjusting assembly, and is characterized in that the normal temperature assembly comprises a normal temperature outer conductor, an atmosphere inner conductor and a waveguide-to-coaxial assembly, and the atmosphere inner conductor is arranged in the normal temperature outer conductor in a penetrating manner; the vacuum assembly comprises an isolation window, a window frame, a vacuum inner conductor and a coupling assembly, the vacuum inner conductor penetrates through the isolation window, and the window frame is welded to the periphery of the isolation window; the low-temperature assembly comprises a first connecting part, a low-temperature outer conductor and a second connecting part, and the first connecting part and the second connecting part are connected to the two ends of the low-temperature outer conductor respectively; the adjusting assembly comprises a supporting assembly and a driving assembly, the supporting assembly is installed on the waveguide-to-coaxial assembly, the driving assembly is installed on the supporting assembly, and the driving assembly is connected with the guiding piece. The power input coupler can simultaneously meet three conditions of online adjustability, high average power capacity and clean assembly with a superconducting cavity, and can meet the requirements of a high acceleration gradient superconducting cavity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of accelerator technology, and particularly to a power input coupler. Background Art

[0002] A high-power coupler is a key device in a radio frequency superconducting system. As a connecting bridge between a power source and a superconducting cavity, it not only plays a role in impedance matching and efficiently feeding the radio frequency power output by the power source into the accelerating cavity, but also undertakes the functions of isolating the atmosphere from the vacuum and transitioning from room temperature to low temperature.

[0003] First, with the continuous development of superconducting technology, the accelerating gradient of superconducting cavities has been continuously increasing, and the required input power is also getting higher and higher. Therefore, the power that the high-power coupler needs to withstand for feeding power into the superconducting cavity is gradually increasing. Second, the coupling degree between the coupler and the superconducting cavity is directly proportional to the ratio of the beam power to the cavity loss power. Generally, the cavity loss power is 4 - 6 orders of magnitude smaller than the beam power; if the beam power changes, it has a huge impact on the coupling degree. If the coupling degree is not adjusted, it will lead to a significant increase in the reflected power and the output power of the required power source. Therefore, in order to meet the needs of different beam power loading in the superconducting cavity system and avoid the improvement of power source indicators, the high-power coupler is required to be online adjustable. Finally, since the superconducting cavity is a super-clean component, and the high-power coupler shares the same vacuum space with it, in order to avoid contamination of the superconducting cavity during the assembly process of the high-power coupler and the superconducting cavity, it is required that the high-power coupler and the superconducting cavity can be cleanly assembled, that is, the high-power coupler and the superconducting cavity are assembled in a clean room and then pushed into the cryostat together after sealing the vacuum. It can be seen that the high-power coupler is a complex, multi-functional and vulnerable component. Therefore, its research has always been a hot spot and a difficult point in the field of radio frequency superconductivity.

[0004] Currently, the high-power coupler in a radio frequency superconducting system is difficult to simultaneously meet the three conditions of being online adjustable, having a high average power capacity, and achieving clean assembly with the superconducting cavity, and thus it is difficult to meet the requirements of higher accelerating gradient superconducting cavities. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application aims to provide a power input coupler that can simultaneously meet the three conditions of being online adjustable, having a high average power capacity, and achieving clean assembly with the superconducting cavity, and can meet the requirements of high accelerating gradient superconducting cavities.

[0006] This application provides a power input coupler, comprising:

[0007] The normal-temperature component includes a normal-temperature outer conductor, an atmospheric inner conductor, and a waveguide-to-coaxial component. The atmospheric inner conductor is disposed inside the normal-temperature outer conductor, and both the normal-temperature outer conductor and the atmospheric inner conductor are connected to the waveguide-to-coaxial component and are coaxial with the waveguide-to-coaxial component. The waveguide-to-coaxial component converts the waveguide structure for feeding power from a power source to a coaxial structure.

[0008] The vacuum component includes an isolation window, a window frame, a vacuum inner conductor, and a coupling component. The vacuum inner conductor passes through the isolation window, the window frame is welded around the isolation window. The coupling component includes a first bellows, a guide member, and a coupling structure. One end of the first bellows is connected to the vacuum inner conductor, the guide member passes through the inside of the vacuum inner conductor and is connected to the coupling structure, and the other end of the first bellows is connected to the coupling structure. The vacuum inner conductor, the first bellows, and the guide member jointly define a first cooling flow path for the circulation of a cooling medium.

[0009] The low-temperature component includes a first connection portion, a low-temperature outer conductor, and a second connection portion. The first connection portion and the second connection portion are respectively connected to both ends of the low-temperature outer conductor. The low-temperature outer conductor is sleeved outside the vacuum inner conductor. The first connection portion is connected to the window frame and is used to connect to a thermostat, and the second connection portion is used to connect to a superconducting cavity. A low-temperature flow path for the circulation of a low-temperature cooling medium is provided on the wall of the low-temperature outer conductor.

[0010] The adjustment component includes a support component and a drive component. The support component is installed on the waveguide-to-coaxial component, the drive component is installed on the support component, and the drive component is connected to the guide member. The drive component is used to drive the guide member to move along its axial direction.

[0011] In some embodiments, the drive component includes a drive motor, a guide rod, and a displacement sensor. Both the drive motor and the displacement sensor are installed on the support component. One end of the guide rod is coaxially connected to the motor shaft of the drive motor, and the other end of the guide rod is connected to the guide member. The drive motor is used to drive the guide rod to move along its axial direction, and the displacement sensor is used to sense the distance and direction of the movement of the guide rod.

[0012] In some embodiments, the inner wall of the low-temperature outer conductor is provided with a conductive layer.

[0013] In some embodiments, the low-temperature flow path is spirally arranged around the axial direction of the low-temperature outer conductor.

[0014] In some embodiments, a cryogenic dielectric inlet port and a cryogenic dielectric outlet port are provided on an outer sidewall of the cryogenic outer conductor. Both the cryogenic dielectric inlet port and the cryogenic dielectric outlet port communicate with the cryogenic flow channel. The cryogenic dielectric inlet port is used to connect to an outlet of a cryogenic cooling dielectric supply source, and the cryogenic dielectric outlet port is used to connect to an inlet of the cryogenic cooling dielectric supply source.

[0015] In some embodiments, a second cooling flow channel for circulating cooling dielectric is provided inside a wall body of the window frame.

[0016] In some embodiments, a plurality of ventilation holes communicating with its interior are provided in the normal-temperature outer conductor.

[0017] In some embodiments, the vacuum assembly further includes a flow dividing member and a flow guiding member. The flow dividing member is connected to one end of the vacuum inner conductor, and the flow dividing member penetrates through the isolation window. The flow guiding member penetrates through the interior of the vacuum inner conductor. The flow dividing member is provided with a cooling dielectric introduction channel and a cooling dielectric discharge channel. The flow guiding member and the vacuum inner conductor jointly define a first cooling dielectric circulating inflow channel communicating with the cooling dielectric introduction channel. The guiding member penetrates through the interior of the flow guiding member, and the guiding member and the flow guiding member jointly define a first cooling dielectric circulating discharge channel communicating with the cooling dielectric discharge channel. Both the first cooling dielectric circulating inflow channel and the first cooling dielectric circulating discharge channel communicate with the first bellows and define the first cooling flow channel.

[0018] In some embodiments, the adjustment assembly further includes a return water assembly and a water inlet assembly. Both the return water assembly and the water inlet assembly are installed on the flow guiding member. The water inlet assembly communicates with the cooling dielectric introduction channel, and the return water assembly communicates with the cooling dielectric discharge channel.

[0019] In some embodiments, the waveguide coaxial assembly includes an inner shell and an outer shell. The inner shell is installed inside the outer shell. The atmospheric inner conductor is electrically connected to the inner shell, and the normal-temperature outer conductor is electrically connected to the outer shell. Moreover, the inner shell, the outer shell, the normal-temperature outer conductor, and the atmospheric inner conductor are coaxial.

[0020] According to the power input coupler of the above embodiments, a first bellows is provided through a vacuum inner conductor and driven by a driving component, so that the depth of the coupling structure inserted into the superconducting cavity is adjustable, and thus the coupling degree can be adjusted online. The vacuum inner conductor with a high-frequency contact surface is cooled by a cooling medium. Therefore, heat generation can be effectively controlled, and thus the coupler can withstand a higher average power, which is also beneficial to the assembly of the coupler with the superconducting cavity and the cryostat. Since the first bellows is inside the vacuum inner conductor, it is not affected by the cooling method of the superconducting cavity at low temperature on the first bellows, avoiding the influence of high heat generation of the first bellows inside the low-temperature outer conductor on the high heat leakage rate of the low-temperature system. At the same time, the vacuum component and the low-temperature component of this coupler can be assembled in a clean environment, and finally achieve a clean assembly with the superconducting cavity. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 FIG. is a schematic structural diagram of the power input coupler provided by the present application applied to a radio frequency superconducting system;

[0022] Figure 2 FIG. is a perspective view of the power input coupler provided by the present application

[0023] Figure 3 is Figure 2 a sectional view taken along the line A-A in

[0024] Figure 4 is Figure 2 a sectional view taken along the line B-B in

[0025] Figure 5 is Figure 4 a partially enlarged schematic view at C in

[0026] Figure 6 is Figure 4 a partially enlarged schematic view at D in

[0027] Figure 7 FIG. is a perspective view of the normal temperature component in the power input coupler provided by the present application;

[0028] Figure 8 is Figure 7 a sectional view taken along the line E-E in

[0029] Figure 9 FIG. is a perspective view of the combination of the vacuum component and the low-temperature component in the power input coupler provided by the present application;

[0030] Figure 10 is Figure 9 a sectional view taken along the line F-F in

[0031] Figure 11 FIG. is a perspective view of the adjustment component in the power input coupler provided by the present application;

[0032] Figure 12 is Figure 11 a sectional view in the G-G direction in

[0033] Figure 13 a schematic diagram of the thermal distribution of the normal temperature components of the power input coupler provided by the present application under the working condition of an average power of 300 kW;

[0034] Figure 14 a schematic diagram of the thermal distribution of the low-temperature outer conductor of the power input coupler provided by the present application under the working condition of an average power of 300 kW. Specific Embodiments

[0035] The present application will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings through specific embodiments. Similar elements in different embodiments are labeled with related similar element numbers. In the following embodiments, many detailed descriptions are provided to enable a better understanding of the present application. However, those skilled in the art can easily recognize that some of the features can be omitted in different situations, or can be replaced by other elements, materials, or methods. In some cases, some operations related to the present application are not shown or described in the specification, which is to avoid the core part of the present application being overwhelmed by excessive descriptions. For those skilled in the art, it is not necessary to describe these related operations in detail, and they can fully understand the related operations based on the description in the specification and the general technical knowledge in the art.

[0036] In addition, the features, operations, or characteristics described in the specification can be combined in any appropriate manner to form various embodiments, and the operation steps involved in each embodiment can also be reordered or adjusted in a manner obvious to those skilled in the art. Therefore, the specification and the drawings are only for clearly describing a certain embodiment, and do not mean that they are essential components and / or sequences.

[0037] The serial numbers assigned to the components herein, such as "first", "second", etc., are only used to distinguish the described objects and do not have any sequential or technical meanings. The terms "connection" and "coupling" used in the present application, unless otherwise specified, both include direct and indirect connections (couplings).

[0038] See Figure 1 as shown in Figure 1The structural schematic diagram of a radio frequency superconducting system is shown. The radio frequency superconducting system is composed of a power source 1, a transmission system 2, a coupler 3, a superconducting cavity 4, etc. The power source 1 is used to generate radio frequency power. The power source 1 is connected to the coupler 3 through a circulator 5 and the transmission system 2. The radio frequency power generated by the power source 1 is transmitted to the coupler 3 via the circulator 5 and the transmission system 2. The distance between the inner conductor of the coupler 3 and the beam center of the superconducting cavity 4 determines the coupling degree. By changing the insertion depth of the inner conductor of the coupler 3, the matching between the coupler 3 and the superconducting cavity 4 in the working state can be realized, and then the coupling of power can be finally realized, and the coupled radio frequency power is fed into the superconducting cavity 4 to establish an accelerating electric field, and finally the particles are accelerated. The circulator 5 has two functions: on the one hand, it realizes the matching of the output power of the power source 1 to the transmission system 2, and on the other hand, it realizes the absorption of the reflected power of the load 6 connected to the circulator 5 by the system, avoiding damage to the power source by the reflected power. The transmission system 3 is composed of a standard rectangular waveguide or a coaxial waveguide, and its function is to realize power transmission. Among them, the coupler 3 can realize the matching between the superconducting cavity 4 and the power source 1, and can realize the transition from room temperature to low temperature. At the same time, the isolation window 7 provided on the coupler 3 can realize the vacuum isolation between the lower vacuum and the upper atmosphere. The isolation window 7 allows high-frequency power to pass through and is brazed with the coaxial inner and outer conductors to realize vacuum isolation.

[0039] With the development of technology, high power, high beam current and miniaturization have become important goals of accelerators. However, the normal temperature cavity is limited by high heat loss and cannot withstand higher average power, so the goal of high average beam current acceleration cannot be achieved. When the superconducting cavity works in the low-temperature superconducting state, the cavity loss power can be almost ignored compared with the beam power. Therefore, it is widely used in high-power and high-beam current accelerators.

[0040] Superconducting cavity high-power couplers can be divided into two types according to the type: waveguide type and coaxial type. The waveguide type coupler can operate with an average power exceeding 300 kW, but the superconducting cavity and the coupler cannot be cleanly assembled, and the coupling degree adjustment method is very complicated. The coaxial type coupler is the mainstream used in the current radio frequency superconducting system. Typical online adjustable couplers are as follows: 1). The 400 MHz online adjustable coupler used in Europe can withstand a continuous wave power exceeding 250 kW, but it cannot be cleanly assembled with the superconducting cavity; 2). The TTF-Ⅲ type online adjustable coupler uses a double window and can be cleanly assembled with the superconducting cavity, but the maximum average power it can withstand is limited to less than 60 kW; 3). The 700 MHz online adjustable coupler used in the United States uses a double hot window structure and can withstand a continuous wave input power exceeding 420 kW, but this coupler also cannot be cleanly assembled with the superconducting cavity.

[0041] As can be seen from the above, most of the current superconducting cavity couplers can only meet two of the three conditions of on-line tunability, high average power capacity, and clean assembly with the superconducting cavity, and it is difficult to meet the requirements of higher acceleration gradient superconducting cavities.

[0042] In view of the above problems, the present application provides a power input coupler. Refer to Figures 2 - 4 As shown, the power input coupler provided by the present application includes a room temperature component 10, a vacuum component 20, a cryogenic component 30, and an adjustment component 40.

[0043] The room temperature component 10 includes a room temperature outer conductor 11, an atmospheric inner conductor 12, and a waveguide-to-coaxial component 13. Both the room temperature outer conductor 11 and the atmospheric inner conductor 12 are cylindrical structures with ports at both ends. The atmospheric inner conductor 12 is disposed inside the room temperature outer conductor 11. Both the room temperature outer conductor 11 and the atmospheric inner conductor 12 are connected to the waveguide-to-coaxial component 13, and the room temperature outer conductor 11, the atmospheric inner conductor 12, and the waveguide-to-coaxial component 12 are coaxial. The waveguide-to-coaxial component 12 is used to convert the waveguide structure for feeding the power source 1 into a coaxial structure.

[0044] Among them, the radio frequency power generated by the power source 1 is transmitted in the rectangular waveguide in the TE10 mode (Transverse Electric Mode), and after being fed into the coupler 3 through the circulator 5 and the transmission system 2, the TE10 wave transmitted in the rectangular waveguide is converted into a TEM wave (Transverse Electromagnetic Wave) transmitted in the coaxial.

[0045] In this embodiment, the room temperature outer conductor 11 is mainly used to realize the connection between the waveguide-to-coaxial component 13 and the vacuum component 20.

[0046] Continue to refer to Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the waveguide coaxial component 13 includes an inner shell 131 and an outer shell 132. The inner shell 131 is installed inside the outer shell 132, and the inner shell 131 is sealed and electrically connected to the outer shell 132. The atmospheric inner conductor 12 is electrically connected to the inner shell 131, and the room temperature outer conductor 11 is electrically connected to the outer shell 132, and the inner shell 131, the outer shell 132, the room temperature outer conductor 11, and the atmospheric inner conductor 12 are coaxial.

[0047] As Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, the outer shell 132 is similar to a convex shape, and the inner shell 131 is in the shape of a bowl and is inverted and placed inside the larger-side shell of the outer shell 132. The convex-shaped outer shell 132 is formed by argon arc welding. The outer shell 132 in the waveguide-to-coaxial component 13 is bolted to the atmospheric outer conductor 11 to ensure electrical contact. Of course, in some embodiments, the outer shell 132 can also be in the shape of a straight tube, which is specifically selected according to actual needs.

[0048] In this embodiment, the normal-temperature outer conductor 11 is provided with a plurality of ventilation holes 111 communicating with its interior. The ventilation holes 111 are mainly used to extract air cooling to cool its internal structure.

[0049] See Figure 3 、 Figure 4 and Figure 9 and Figure 10 As shown, the vacuum assembly 20 includes an isolation window 21, a window frame 22, a vacuum inner conductor 23, and a coupling assembly 24. The isolation window 21 is a structure similar to a ring shape. The vacuum inner conductor 23 passes through the inner circle of the ring-shaped isolation window 21, and the window frame 22 is welded and installed on the periphery (outer circle) of the ring-shaped isolation window 22.

[0050] The coupling assembly 24 includes a first bellows 241, a guide 242, and a coupling structure 243. One end of the first bellows 241 is connected to the vacuum inner conductor 23. The guide 242 passes through the interior of the vacuum inner conductor 23 and is connected to the coupling structure 243. The other end of the first bellows 241 is connected to the coupling structure 243. The vacuum inner conductor 23, the first bellows 241, and the guide 242 jointly define a first cooling flow path 25 for the circulating flow of the cooling medium to cool the first bellows 241 and the vacuum inner conductor 23.

[0051] The isolation window 21 is a ceramic window made of ceramic material, which can allow high-frequency power to pass through, and realizes vacuum sealing and electrical connection after being welded to the window frame 22 and the vacuum inner conductor 23.

[0052] Combined with Figure 1 As shown, after connecting this power input coupler to the superconducting cavity 4, the coupling structure 243 is inserted into the interior of the superconducting cavity 4. The first bellows 242 can change synchronously with the change of the distance of the coupling structure 243 relative to the beam center of the superconducting cavity 4, so as to realize the adjustment of the coupling degree. The cooling medium can be water or other media, which can cool the first bellows 241 and the vacuum inner conductor 23, so that this power input coupler can withstand a higher average power.

[0053] See Figure 10As shown, inside the wall of the window frame 22, there is a second cooling channel 221 for the circulating flow of a cooling medium to cool the isolation window 21. Among them, cooling media such as water and air can circulate in the second cooling channel 221. The second cooling channel 221 and the first cooling channel 25 are independent structures. Of course, in other embodiments, they can also be an integral structure.

[0054] See Figure 10 As shown, the vacuum assembly 20 further includes a flow divider 26 and a flow guide 27. The flow divider 26 is connected to one end of the vacuum inner conductor 23, and the flow divider 26 passes through the isolation window 21. The flow guide 27 passes through the inside of the vacuum inner conductor 23. The flow divider 26 is provided with a cooling medium inlet channel 261 and a cooling medium outlet channel 262. The flow guide 27 and the vacuum inner conductor 23 jointly define a first cooling medium circulating inlet flow channel 251 communicating with the cooling medium inlet channel 261. The guide member 242 passes through the inside of the flow guide 27. The guide member 242 and the flow guide 27 jointly define a first cooling medium circulating outlet flow channel 252 communicating with the cooling medium outlet channel 262. Among them, both the first cooling medium circulating inlet flow channel 251 and the first cooling medium circulating outlet flow channel 252 are connected to the first bellows 241 and define a first cooling channel 25.

[0055] The cooling medium enters the first bellows 241 via the cooling medium inlet channel 261 and the first cooling medium circulating inlet flow channel 251, and is discharged from the first bellows 241 through the first cooling medium circulating outlet flow channel 252 and the cooling medium outlet channel 262 in sequence, thereby realizing the circulating flow of the cooling medium to cool the first bellows 241 and the vacuum inner conductor 23. The outer walls of the first bellows 241 and the vacuum inner conductor 23 are high-frequency contact surfaces, and the inside is in contact with the cooling medium, which not only ensures low loss when high-power radio frequency power passes through, but also controls the temperature rise.

[0056] See Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the cryogenic assembly 30 includes a first connection part 31, a cryogenic outer conductor 32, and a second connection part 33. The first connection part 31 and the second connection part 33 are respectively connected to both ends of the cryogenic outer conductor 32. The cryogenic outer conductor 32 is sleeved outside the vacuum inner conductor 23. The first connection part 31 is connected to the window frame 22 and is used to connect a thermostat. The second connection part 33 is used to connect the superconducting cavity 4. Combining Figure 6 As shown, on the wall of the cryogenic outer conductor 32, there is a cryogenic channel 321 for the circulating flow of a cryogenic cooling medium.

[0057] Among them, the cryogenic cooling medium can be 5K liquid helium, which can minimize the cryogenic heat leakage caused by the transition of the coupler from room temperature to low temperature under the action of the cryogenic cooling medium.

[0058] In this embodiment, a conductive layer is provided on the inner wall of the cryogenic outer conductor 32. This conductive layer is made of copper with a high conductivity and is plated on the inner wall of the cryogenic outer conductor 32 to reduce the power loss at the high-frequency contact surface on the inner wall of the cryogenic outer conductor 32, thereby reducing the cryogenic heat leakage of this coupler.

[0059] In some embodiments, the cryogenic flow channel 321 is spirally arranged around the axial direction of the cryogenic outer conductor 32 to achieve a more sufficient cooling effect.

[0060] See Figure 3 As shown, a cryogenic medium inlet port 322 and a cryogenic medium outlet port 323 are provided on the outer side wall of the cryogenic outer conductor 32. Both the cryogenic medium inlet port 322 and the cryogenic medium outlet port 323 are communicated with the cryogenic flow channel 321. The cryogenic medium inlet port 322 is used to connect to the outlet of the cryogenic cooling medium supply source, and the cryogenic medium outlet port 323 is used to connect to the inlet of the cryogenic cooling medium supply source. The cryogenic cooling medium supply source is used to provide cryogenic cooling medium. The provided cryogenic cooling medium can enter the interior of the cryogenic flow channel 321 from the cryogenic medium inlet port 322 through the outlet of the cryogenic cooling medium supply source, and is discharged from the cryogenic medium outlet port 323 through the cryogenic flow channel 321 to the inlet of the cryogenic cooling medium supply source, thereby realizing circular flow.

[0061] In this embodiment, after the vacuum assembly 20 and the cryogenic assembly 30 are assembled, the whole is assembled with the superconducting cavity 4 in a clean environment to achieve clean assembly. After the system is assembled, the interior is evacuated and has a high cleanliness. Thereafter, the system is removed from the clean environment and is integrally installed in a thermostat. Since the system is in a sealed environment, the pollution of the superconducting cavity 4 caused by external dust, oil, and solid particles can be avoided during the installation process, and thus the superconducting cavity is more likely to operate in a high acceleration gradient state.

[0062] The adjustment assembly 40 includes a support assembly 41 and a driving assembly 42. The support assembly 41 is installed on the waveguide-to-coaxial assembly 13, and the driving assembly 32 is installed on the support assembly 41. Moreover, the driving assembly 42 is connected to the guide member 242, and the driving assembly 42 is used to drive the guide member 242 to move along its axial direction.

[0063] The guide member 242 is a rod-shaped structure. By driving the guide member 242 to move along its axial direction through the driving assembly 42, the coupling structure 243 can be driven to move synchronously, thereby realizing the adjustment of the insertion depth of the coupling structure 243 into the superconducting cavity 4. In practical applications, the driving assembly 42 can be controlled through a remote controller, thereby realizing the online adjustment method of the coupling degree.

[0064] See Figures 3 - 5 and Figure 11 and Figure 12As shown, the driving assembly 42 includes a driving motor 421, a guide rod 422, and a displacement sensor 423. Both the driving motor 421 and the displacement sensor 423 are installed on the support assembly 41. One end of the guide rod 422 is coaxially connected to the motor shaft of the driving motor 421, and the other end of the guide rod 422 is connected to the guide member 242. The driving motor 421 is used to drive the guide rod 422 to move along its axial direction, so as to drive the coupling structure 243 to move synchronously through the guide member 242. The displacement sensor 423 is used to sense the distance and direction of the movement of the guide rod 422, so as to accurately adjust the depth of insertion of the coupling structure 243 into the superconducting cavity 4.

[0065] In this application, a control module for controlling the driving motor 421 can be set in the driving assembly 42. Through this control module, the driving motor 421 can be remotely controlled to work, so as to adjust the depth of insertion of the coupling structure 243 into the superconducting cavity 4.

[0066] See Figure 11 and Figure 12 As shown, the adjusting assembly 40 further includes a return water assembly 43 and a water inlet assembly 44. Both the return water assembly 43 and the water inlet assembly 44 are installed inside the support assembly 41. The water inlet assembly 44 is communicated with the cooling medium inlet channel 261, and the return water assembly 43 is communicated with the cooling medium discharge channel 262.

[0067] Continue to see Figure 11 and Figure 12 As shown, the return water assembly 43 includes a second bellows 431, a connecting flange 432, and a return water pipe 433. One end of the return water pipe 433 is connected to one end of the second bellows 431, and the connecting flange 432 is connected to the other end of the second bellows 431. The connecting flange 432 is then connected to the driving assembly 42, and the guide rod 422 passes through the inside of the second bellows 431 and the inside of the return water pipe 433. The other end of the return water pipe 433 is communicated with the cooling medium discharge channel 262.

[0068] In practical applications, after assembling this power input coupler with the superconducting cavity 4, an evaluation of the average power capacity that the coupler can withstand is carried out. When simulating, forward continuous wave is used, the average power is 300 kw, and water at 25 °C is used as the cooling medium. The schematic diagram of the heat distribution of the heat generated by the normal temperature assembly 10 is as Figure 13 shown. It can be seen that the maximum temperature of the first bellows 241 is about 33 °C. The main heat generation positions are at the isolation window 21 and the atmospheric inner conductor 23, and the highest temperature is 52.253 °C, meeting the usage requirements of the coupler. Actually, if the coupler uses a cooling medium in the atmospheric inner conductor 23, the average power that the coupler can withstand can be further improved. Analyzing the low-temperature outer conductor 32 that uses a low-temperature cooling medium, the schematic diagram of its heat distribution is as Figure 14As shown, the heat leakage rate of the low-temperature outer conductor 32 to the 2K low-temperature system is about 0.35W, meeting the usage requirements. In short, this coupler has the characteristic of being able to withstand high average power.

[0069] In summary, in the power input coupler provided by this application, by setting the first bellows 241 in the atmospheric inner conductor 12 and driving it by the driving component 42, the depth of the coupling structure 243 inserted into the superconducting cavity 4 can be adjusted, thereby realizing the online adjustment of the coupling degree. The first bellows 241 in contact with high frequency and the vacuum inner conductor 23 are cooled by the cooling medium, and the heat generation can be effectively controlled, enabling this coupler to withstand higher average power and also facilitating the assembly of the coupler with the superconducting cavity 4 and the cryostat. Since the first bellows 241 is connected to the vacuum inner conductor 23 and is in a vacuum, it is not affected by the cooling method of the superconducting cavity 4's low-temperature environment on the first bellows 241, avoiding the high heat leakage rate caused by the high electromagnetic heat generation when the first bellows 241 is inside the low-temperature outer conductor 32. At the same time, the vacuum component 20 and the low-temperature component 30 of this coupler can be assembled in a clean environment and finally achieve a clean assembly with the superconducting cavity 4.

[0070] The above uses specific examples to elaborate on the present invention, which is only used to help understand the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the technical field to which the present invention pertains, based on the idea of the present invention, several simple deductions, deformations or substitutions can also be made.

Claims

1. A power input coupler, characterized in that: include: A normal temperature component, comprising a normal temperature outer conductor, an atmospheric inner conductor and a waveguide-to-coaxial component, wherein the atmospheric inner conductor is arranged inside the normal temperature outer conductor, and both the normal temperature outer conductor and the atmospheric inner conductor are connected to the waveguide-to-coaxial component and are coaxial with the waveguide-to-coaxial component; the waveguide-to-coaxial component is used to convert a waveguide structure used for feeding power from a power source into a coaxial structure; A vacuum component, comprising an isolation window, a window frame, a vacuum inner conductor and a coupling component, wherein the vacuum inner conductor is arranged through the isolation window, the window frame is welded to the periphery of the isolation window, the coupling component comprises a first bellows, a guide and a coupling structure, one end of the first bellows is connected to the vacuum inner conductor, the guide is arranged through the interior of the vacuum inner conductor and is connected to the coupling structure, and the other end of the first bellows is connected to the coupling structure; the vacuum inner conductor, the first bellows and the guide jointly define a first cooling flow channel for circulating a cooling medium; A cryogenic component, comprising a first connection part, a cryogenic outer conductor and a second connection part, wherein the first connection part and the second connection part are respectively connected to two ends of the cryogenic outer conductor, the cryogenic outer conductor is sleeved on the outer side of the vacuum inner conductor, the first connection part is connected to the window frame and used to connect to a thermostat, and the second connection part is used to connect to a superconducting cavity; a cryogenic flow channel for circulating a cryogenic cooling medium is provided on the wall of the cryogenic outer conductor; The adjustment component includes a support component and a drive component, wherein the support component is installed on the waveguide to coaxial component, the drive component is installed on the support component, and the drive component is connected to the guide member, and the drive component is used to drive the guide member to move along its axial direction.

2. The power input coupler according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driving assembly includes a driving motor, a guide rod and a displacement sensor. The driving motor and the displacement sensor are both installed on the supporting assembly. One end of the guide rod is coaxially connected to the motor shaft of the driving motor, and the other end of the guide rod is connected to the guide member. The driving motor is used to drive the guide rod to move along its axial direction, and the displacement sensor is used to sense the distance and direction of movement of the guide rod.

3. The power input coupler according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner wall of the low-temperature outer conductor is provided with a conductive layer.

4. The power input coupler according to claim 1, characterized in that: The low-temperature flow channel is spirally arranged in the axial direction around the low-temperature outer conductor.

5. The power input coupler according to claim 4, characterized in that: The outer side wall of the low-temperature outer conductor is provided with a low-temperature medium inlet port and a low-temperature medium outlet port, both of which are connected to the low-temperature flow channel, the low-temperature medium inlet port is used to connect to the outlet of the low-temperature cooling medium supply source, and the low-temperature medium outlet port is used to connect to the inlet of the low-temperature cooling medium supply source.

6. The power input coupler according to claim 1, characterized in that: A second cooling channel for circulating cooling medium is provided inside the wall of the window frame.

7. The power input coupler according to claim 1, characterized in that: The room-temperature outer conductor is provided with a plurality of ventilation holes communicated with the interior thereof.

8. The power input coupler according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vacuum component also includes a flow divider and a flow guide, the flow divider is connected to one end of the vacuum inner conductor, and the flow divider is arranged through the isolation window, and the flow guide is arranged through the interior of the vacuum inner conductor; the flow divider is provided with a cooling medium inlet channel and a cooling medium exhaust channel, the flow guide and the vacuum inner conductor jointly define a first cooling medium circulation inlet channel connected to the cooling medium inlet channel, the guide is arranged through the interior of the flow guide, and the guide and the flow guide jointly define a first cooling medium circulation exhaust channel connected to the cooling medium exhaust channel; the first cooling medium circulation inlet channel and the first cooling medium circulation exhaust channel are both connected to the first bellows, and define the first cooling channel.

9. The power input coupler according to claim 8, characterized in that: The regulating assembly further includes a water return assembly and a water inlet assembly, both of which are mounted on the flow guide, the water inlet assembly is connected to the cooling medium inlet channel, and the water return assembly is connected to the cooling medium discharge channel.

10. The power input coupler according to claim 1, characterized in that: The waveguide coaxial assembly includes an inner shell and an outer shell, the inner shell is installed on the inner side of the outer shell, the atmospheric conductor is electrically connected to the inner shell, the normal temperature outer conductor is electrically connected to the outer shell, and the inner shell, the outer shell, the normal temperature outer conductor and the atmospheric conductor are coaxial.

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