Unbalanced field contact potential utilization device

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of new energy and relates to a novel electric energy acquisition technology. The non-equilibrium conductors are substances with the same Fermi level, and the contact potential generated by the non-equilibrium field effect existing between the non-equilibrium conductors with different mass and form is converted into electric energy for utilization. A medium (hereinafter referred to as an electric conduction control medium) which has electric conduction performance and controls voltage and limits electric conductivity under a certain condition is placed between conductors, good close contact is achieved between the medium and the conductors, and the result is that under the effect of the electric conduction control medium, non-equilibrium field contact potential is converted into electric energy capable of being continuously output.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of new energy and relates to a new technology for obtaining electric energy. Background Art

[0002] Contact potential is the result of different Fermi levels between substances. Its essence should be the field formed by the aggregation and superposition of atoms with the same Fermi level - the field effect generated by the aggregation and superposition of the Fermi level field (hereinafter referred to as the Fermi level aggregation effect). That is, the imbalance of the Fermi level aggregation effect values between different substances generates contact potential. Similarly, when there are differences in mass and morphology between the same material bodies, different Fermi level aggregation effect values will be generated between the two objects, that is, the formation of a non-equilibrium field, and thus contact potential is also generated.

[0003] The present invention is the utilization of the contact potential of the non-equilibrium field formed by the differences in mass and morphology between objects with the same Fermi level.

[0004] The understanding and utilization of fields will be a path for humans to obtain infinite energy. The true and complete unified field theory will guide humans towards this goal. If the present invention has the effect of offering a modest spur to induce others to come forward with valuable contributions, it also has significance in this aspect. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The content of the present invention is described in three parts, namely principle, method and result, and summary.

[0006] I. Principle

[0007] Substances composed of atoms with the same Fermi level are aggregated and superposed at the atomic level to form a field aggregation group, generating a (polymerized) field formed by the aggregation and superposition of the Fermi level field; that is, the Fermi level aggregation effect. It is manifested by the existence of contact potential between conductors of substances with different Fermi levels, and the contact potential generated between conductors of substances with the same Fermi level in non-uniform bodies with differences in mass and morphology, that is, the existence of non-equilibrium field contact potential. At the same time, these two Fermi level aggregation effects cause them to generate electric potential energy in seawater containing positive and negative ions; that is, in seawater, the positive and negative charges carried by different ions are conducted towards two different plates under the action of their field effects, and are manifested in the form of electromotive force.

[0008] II. Method and Result

[0009] 1. This content is the result generated by the effect of a medium - a conductance control medium that has electrical conductivity by itself under certain conditions and controls voltage and limits conductivity, between two plates of the same conductive material with differences in mass and morphology.

[0010] ① Different thicknesses, same contact side area, there is a potential difference between the two plates;

[0011] ② Different thicknesses, different areas, same mass, there is a potential difference between the two plates;

[0012] ③ Different thicknesses, different areas, there is a potential difference between the two plates;

[0013] ④ Same thickness, different areas, there is a potential difference between the two plates;

[0014] 2. This content takes graphite plates as an example and presents the results of placing two plates in seawater.

[0015] ① Same thickness, different areas, there is an electromotive force between the two plates;

[0016] ② Different thicknesses, same area (different relative total areas), there is an electromotive force between the two plates;

[0017] ③ Different thicknesses, different areas, same mass, there is an electromotive force between the two plates;

[0018] ④ Different thicknesses, different areas, there is an electromotive force between the two plates;

[0019] III. Summary

[0020] Due to its complex causes, the Fermi level aggregation effect makes the contact potential produce unconventional results. In different conductor materials, the contact potential values and relative electrical polarities generated by non-equilibrium fields will have completely different results. The contact potential between the same conductors is generated by the existence of non-equilibrium fields. Therefore, when the two plates are completely balanced, that is, when the mass, symmetric form, and contact area (here referring to the contact side area of the two plates completely matching) are all equal, the contact potential does not exist. However, when one of these three items changes on one plate, a contact potential will be generated. Between non-equilibrium bodies of the same substance, the change in the mass ratio between the two plates will cause changes in the contact potential value and even changes in the electrical polarity. Specific implementation method

[0021] This implementation method takes two plates with the same side area and different thicknesses as an example. The whole implementation is carried out in four parts.

[0022] I. Preparation of materials and auxiliary tools

[0023] 1. Preparation of plate materials

[0024] Conductor foil and sheet materials of the same substance with different thicknesses, such as aluminum foil, aluminum sheets, etc.

[0025] 2. Conductivity control dielectric materials

[0026] Such as: sodium alginate sheets, A4 paper, facial tissue, emery cloth with conductivity-controlled properties, etc.

[0027] 3. Insulation paper

[0028] 4.5mm thick glass

[0029] 5.2mm thick rubber sheet

[0030] 6. Pressurizing tool materials, iron plate bolts.

[0031] 2. Component production

[0032] 1. Electrode plate production

[0033] The same conductive material is used to make the plates in foil form with different thicknesses. Several sheets of different thicknesses are made according to the designed specifications. Wires are pre-installed on the plates, and the plates are completed.

[0034] Note: The plate wires are made of the same foil material into appropriate strips and attached to the plates with thin tape.

[0035] 2. Conductivity Control Medium Production

[0036] The selected conductivity control medium material is made into a number of sheets of the same shape that are larger than the plate (to avoid short circuit), and the conductivity control medium is completed.

[0037] 3. Insulation sheet production

[0038] Make the insulating paper into the same shape as the conductivity control medium, and make as many sheets as needed. The insulating paper sheet is completed.

[0039] 4. Production of flat glass sheets

[0040] Cut 5mm thick glass into the shape and size of the conductivity-controlled medium as required, and the glass flat sheets are completed.

[0041] 5. Rubber pad production

[0042] Make the rubber sheet into the size of a flat glass sheet, and then make several pieces. The rubber pad is ready.

[0043] 6.Pressure tool production

[0044] According to the size of the plates and other objects, two suitable iron plates are made, bolt holes are designed and made at both ends, and two sets of suitable bolts are prepared, and the pressure tool is completed.

[0045] 3. Assembly completed

[0046] 1. Assembly of electrode pairs and electrode pair groups.

[0047] Lay a piece of conductivity-controlled medium, place a thick electrode plate at the center position on it, lay a piece of conductivity-controlled medium on this, lay a thin electrode plate on this, lay a piece of conductivity-controlled medium on this, and a set of electrode pairs is completed. As needed, it can be continued to lay and assemble on this basis according to this order to reach the required number of sets of electrode pairs. Multiple sets of electrode pairs form an electrode pair group. The electrode pair group is the basic unit of the "non-equilibrium field contact potential utilization device".

[0048] 2. Comprehensive assembly

[0049] Place insulating paper at both ends of the completed electrode pair group to maintain the independence of its unit power supply. If it is a device with a structure of multiple electrode pair groups, place a flat piece of glass between two electrode pair groups so that there is a flat and good contact between the electrode plate and the conductivity-controlled medium in the component when pressurized. To prevent the glass from breaking when pressurized, place a rubber pad at the same time, and finally put them all into the press for pressurization. In this way, the assembly of a "non-equilibrium field contact potential utilization device" is completed.

[0050] IV. Results

[0051] For the completely completed "non-equilibrium field contact potential utilization device", the electrode pairs are connected in parallel to form the power supply of the electrode pair group. Between the electrode pair groups, after being connected in parallel or in series as required by the design, the two power lines formed will have electrical energy output. A complete electrical energy acquisition device is finally completed.

[0052] Specific implementation examples

[0053] Example A: 1 group

[0054] This example is implemented with aluminum sheets and aluminum foils of different thicknesses as the electrode plates and sandpaper as the conductivity-controlled medium.

[0055] I. Materials and accessories

[0056] 1. Electrode plates

[0057] ① Thick aluminum electrode plate: 80mm×60mm×1.0mm, 5 pieces

[0058] ② Thin aluminum electrode plate: 80mm×60mm×0.015mm, 5 pieces

[0059] ③ Aluminum foil wire: 70mm×3.0mm×0.05mm, 10 pieces

[0060] Note: Paste the aluminum foil wire to the electrode plate with thin tape to complete the pre-setting of the wire.

[0061] 2. Conductivity-controlled medium

[0062] Sandpaper conductivity-controlled medium: 90mm×70mm, 11 pieces

[0063] Note: Abrasive cloth, Xili brand electrostatic sand planting, P100, all resin moisture-proof.

[0064] 3. Insulating paper, 90mm×70mm×0.15mm, 2 sheets

[0065] 4. Flat glass, 90mm×70mm×2.0mm, 2 pieces

[0066] 5. Rubber pad, 90mm×70mm×2.0mm, 2 pieces

[0067] 6. Pressing tool

[0068] ① Iron plate, 140mm×90mm×3.0mm, 2 pieces

[0069] ② Bolt, length 150mm, diameter 1.4mm, 2 sets

[0070] II. Assembly completed

[0071] 1. Assembly of electrode pairs and electrode pair groups

[0072] Place a thick aluminum electrode plate at the center of the electroconductivity-controlled dielectric abrasive cloth, place a piece of electroconductivity-controlled dielectric abrasive cloth on it, place a thin aluminum electrode plate on this, place another piece of electroconductivity-controlled dielectric abrasive cloth on it, and the electrode pair is formed; then place another thick aluminum electrode plate on this. In this order, place the remaining aluminum electrode plates and electroconductivity-controlled dielectric abrasive cloth to complete five groups of electrode pairs, forming an electrode pair group.

[0073] 2. Completion of combined accessories

[0074] Place one piece of insulating paper, one piece of flat glass, and one piece of rubber pad at each end of the completed electrode pair group, put them into the pressing tool, tighten the bolts at both ends for pressing until good contact is achieved between the electrode plates and the electroconductivity-controlled dielectric. Finally, connect the thick electrode plate wires and thin electrode plate wires between the electrode pairs in parallel to form the power supply of the electrode pair group, and it is completed.

[0075] III. Testing

[0076] Air humidity 61°, temperature 26.2°C, initial voltage 134.4mV, initial current 1.14μA, the thick aluminum electrode plate shows positive electricity, and the thin aluminum electrode plate shows negative electricity.

[0077] Place it for short-circuit discharge, that is, directly connect the thick aluminum electrode plate wire and the thin aluminum electrode plate wire (positive and negative poles of the power supply). The same applies later.

[0078] Measure after 11 hours of short-circuit discharge:

[0079] Air humidity 72°, temperature 26.3°C, voltage 54.3mV, current 0.79μA, the thick aluminum electrode plate shows positive electricity, and the thin aluminum electrode plate shows negative electricity.

[0080] Continue to place under short - circuit discharge. After 2180 hours of total short - circuit discharge (starting from the initial short - circuit discharge), measure:

[0081] Air humidity is 68°, temperature is 23.9°C, voltage is 49.5 mV, current is 0.50 μA. The thick aluminum electrode plate shows a positive charge, and the thin aluminum electrode plate shows a negative charge.

[0082] Continue to place under short - circuit discharge.

[0083] Example A: 2 groups

[0084] The component specifications and assembly procedures of this example are the same as those of 1 group in Example A. Therefore, the rest are omitted from the test start.

[0085] Test:

[0086] Air humidity is 61°, temperature is 26.2°C, initial voltage is 122.1 mV, initial current is 1.28 μA. The thick aluminum electrode plate shows a positive charge, and the thin aluminum electrode plate shows a negative charge. Place under short - circuit discharge.

[0087] After 11 hours of short - circuit discharge, measure: Air humidity is 72°, temperature is 26.3°C, voltage is 71.8 mV, current is 0.87 μA. The thick aluminum electrode plate shows a positive charge, and the thin aluminum electrode plate shows a negative charge. Continue to place under short - circuit discharge.

[0088] After a total of 2180 hours of short - circuit discharge, measure: Voltage is 72.2 mV, current is 0.57 μA. The thick aluminum electrode plate shows a positive charge, and the thin aluminum electrode plate shows a negative charge. Continue to place under short - circuit discharge.

[0089] Example B 1 group

[0090] The parts that are the same as those of 1 group in Example A are omitted, and the differences are described.

[0091] Electrode plate: Thick aluminum electrode plate: 80 mm × 60 mm × 0.5 mm, 5 pieces.

[0092] The rest are the same as those of Group A1 and are omitted. Start from the test.

[0093] Test:

[0094] Air humidity is 61°, temperature is 26.2°C, initial voltage is 92.3 mV, initial current is 0.76 μA. The thick aluminum electrode plate shows a positive charge, and the thin aluminum electrode plate shows a negative charge. Place under short - circuit discharge.

[0095] After 11 hours of short - circuit discharge, measure: Air humidity is 72°, temperature is 26.3°C, voltage is 86.5 mV, current is 1.15 μA. The thick aluminum electrode plate shows a positive charge, and the thin aluminum electrode plate shows a negative charge. Continue to place under short - circuit discharge.

[0096] After 2180 hours of short-circuit discharge in total, the following measurements were taken: air humidity 68°, temperature 23.9 °C, voltage 50.3 mV, current 0.36 μA. The thick aluminum electrode plate showed a positive charge, and the thin aluminum electrode plate showed a negative charge. Continue to place it under short-circuit discharge.

[0097] Example B: 2 groups

[0098] This example has exactly the same structural component specifications as Example B1. Therefore, the rest is omitted from the start of the test.

[0099] Test:

[0100] Air humidity 61°, temperature 26.2 °C, initial voltage 78.0 mV, initial current 0.78 μA. The thick aluminum electrode plate showed a positive charge, and the thin aluminum electrode plate showed a negative charge. Place it under short-circuit discharge.

[0101] After 11 hours of short-circuit discharge, the following measurements were taken: air humidity 72°, temperature 26.3 °C, voltage 79.9 mV, current 1.13 μA. The thick aluminum electrode plate showed a positive charge, and the thin aluminum electrode plate showed a negative charge.

[0102] Continue to place it under short-circuit discharge. After 2180 hours of short-circuit discharge in total, the following measurements were taken: air humidity 68°, temperature 23.9 °C, voltage 36.9 mV, current 0.25 μA. The thick aluminum electrode plate showed a positive charge, and the thin aluminum electrode plate showed a negative charge. Continue to place it under short-circuit discharge.

[0103] Example C

[0104] This example is about balanced and unbalanced graphite electrode plates. The results were measured after being naturally placed in seawater for more than 5 months under the condition of seawater evaporation. The seawater and the electrode plates were always placed statically.

[0105] The specific gravity of the evaporated seawater is 1.0509.

[0106] Water tank: 400 mm × 200 mm × 190 mm, seawater depth: 70 mm;

[0107] Graphite electrode plate specifications and immersed area:

[0108] Large plate: 250 mm × 200 mm × 1.0 mm, 2 pieces, immersed area 200 mm × 70 mm;

[0109] Medium plate: 200 mm × 110 mm × 1.0 mm, 1 piece, immersed area 110 mm × 70 mm;

[0110] Graphite paper: 125 mm × 100 mm × 0.1 mm, 1 piece, immersed area 100 mm × 70 mm;

[0111] Thick plate: 200mm×83mm×5.0mm, 1 piece, immersion area 83mm×70mm;

[0112] Graphite needle: length 60mm×width 2.0mm×thickness 1.0mm, inserted into water about 2.0mm.

[0113] For all the above electrodes and graphite needles, all are measured in a cyclic corresponding grouping:

[0114] Measurement between graphite needle and large plate: voltage is 80.7mV, current is 6.30μA, the graphite needle shows positive electricity, and the large plate shows negative electricity.

[0115] Measurement between graphite needle and middle plate: voltage is 68.3mV, current is 6.18μA, the graphite needle shows positive electricity, and the middle plate shows negative electricity.

[0116] Measurement between graphite needle and graphite paper: voltage is 6.7mV, current is 0.55μA, the graphite needle shows positive electricity, and the graphite paper shows negative electricity.

[0117] Measurement between graphite needle and thick plate: voltage is 28.1mV, current is 2.00μA, the graphite needle shows negative electricity, and the thick plate shows positive electricity.

[0118] Measurement between large plates: voltage is none, current is none.

[0119] Measurement between large plate and middle plate: voltage is 26.8mV, current is 2.67μA, the large plate shows positive electricity, and the middle plate shows negative electricity.

[0120] Measurement between large plate and graphite paper: voltage is 7.9mV, current is 0.79μA, the large plate shows negative electricity, and the graphite paper shows positive electricity.

[0121] Measurement between large plate and thick plate: voltage is 48.7mV, current is 4.87μA, the large plate shows negative electricity, and the thick plate shows positive electricity.

[0122] Measurement between middle plate and graphite paper: voltage is 34.7mV, current is 3.46μA, the middle plate shows negative electricity, and the graphite paper shows positive electricity.

[0123] Measurement between middle plate and thick plate: voltage is 75.4mV, current is 7.54μA, the middle plate shows negative electricity, and the thick plate shows positive electricity.

[0124] Measurement between graphite paper and thick plate: voltage is 40.5mV, current is 4.06μA, the graphite paper shows negative electricity, and the thick plate shows positive electricity.

[0125] Note: Measurement between large plate 2 and thick plate: voltage is 48.8mV, current is 4.88μA, large plate 2 shows negative electricity, and the thick plate shows positive electricity.

[0126] The measured values of the two large plates are almost the same as those of the other electrode plates, so the large plate 2 is omitted.

[0127] Note: In the above measurements, the voltages are all open-circuit voltages and the currents are all short-circuit currents.

Claims

1. A method for converting the contact potential between non-equilibrium bodies of the same substance with different masses and forms, which have the same Fermi level, into sustainable electrical energy by utilizing the effect of a medium (hereinafter referred to as the conductance control medium) that has electrical conductivity under certain conditions and controls voltage and limits conductivity, that is, a method for converting the contact potential between non-equilibrium bodies of the same substance conductor with different masses and forms into electrical energy through the conductance control medium effect.