Novel hydrogen drying device and method for electrolytic cell purification system

Abstract

The invention discloses a novel hydrogen drying device and method for an electrolytic cell purification system, which comprises a drying tower group consisting of a plurality of drying tower devices, and an improved process route used under a corresponding low-load working condition, and comprises an outer circulation flow, an inner circulation flow and an outer circulation flow, the starting point end of the external circulation process is connected with a product hydrogen delivery pipe, and the ending point end of the external circulation process is connected in front of drying tower equipment on the upstream side of the basic process route, so that the process flow between the starting point end and the ending point end on the basic process route becomes a common process of the improved process route and the basic process route; the improved process route establishes a low-condition cycle between a common flow and an outer cycle flow. The minimum working gas flow of the drying tower is maintained through the circulating fan during low load, and the short-circuit phenomenon is avoided. And circulation can be realized only by a low-power fan, and the energy consumption is far lower than that of restarting the compressor, so that energy conservation and consumption reduction are realized. The drying agent can be thoroughly regenerated through stable regeneration gas flow, and the replacement frequency is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of hydrogen production processes, and particularly to a hydrogen drying device and method for a novel electrolyzer purification system. Background Art

[0002] In the field of hydrogen production by wind and photovoltaic power generation and hydrogen purification, existing drying systems often adopt the mature three-tower process. In this process, product hydrogen is usually used as the regeneration gas, and hydrogen drying and desiccant regeneration are achieved through tower switching.

[0003] Wind and photovoltaic power generation are intermittent, which makes the hydrogen production capacity unstable during the hydrogen production process. When the production capacity changes, the electrolyzer load fluctuates greatly. In the drying link of hydrogen purification, since the gas volume demand of the drying system is directly related to the hydrogen production capacity, the intermittent change of the production capacity leads to unstable hydrogen flow entering the drying system.

[0004] Under low-load conditions of the device, the hydrogen production is low. At this time, only a small amount of hydrogen coming out of the first dryer goes to the next dryer, and even it may directly reach the filter without passing through the remaining two dryers. This is because the existing drying system is not effectively designed for the insufficient gas volume under low-load conditions and lacks a mechanism to maintain stable gas flow distribution. This phenomenon causes hydrogen to not fully contact with the desiccant in the drying tower, affecting the hydrogen purification effect, reducing the working efficiency of the drying system, making it difficult for the finally produced hydrogen purity to meet the high-quality application requirements, and restricting the popularization and application of wind and photovoltaic hydrogen production.

[0005] When the traditional three-tower drying process deals with low-load conditions, if it is necessary to ensure the drying effect, it is often necessary to restart the compressor to increase the hydrogen flow. However, the startup energy consumption of the compressor is huge. Frequent startups not only increase the production cost, but also shorten the service life of the compressor and increase the equipment maintenance cost.

[0006] At the same time, due to the unstable hydrogen flow under low-load conditions, it is difficult to maintain a stable regeneration gas flow. Under the action of the unstable regeneration gas flow, the desiccant cannot be thoroughly regenerated, resulting in an accelerated decline in the desiccant performance and an increased replacement frequency. This not only increases the consumable cost, but also requires frequent shutdowns to replace the desiccant, affecting production continuity and reducing the overall production efficiency.

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to address the above-mentioned drawbacks of the existing technologies. By innovatively designing the structure and control strategy of the drying system, it solves problems such as the drying efficiency, energy consumption, and desiccant life of the hydrogen purification system under low-load conditions, and realizes the efficient and stable operation of the hydrogen purification system in the wind and photovoltaic hydrogen production scenarios. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The object of the present invention is to overcome the defects existing in the prior art and provide a novel hydrogen drying device and method for an electrolytic cell purification system.

[0009] To achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: A novel hydrogen drying device and method for an electrolytic cell purification system, comprising a drying tower group composed of multiple drying tower devices, the drying tower group is connected through a basic process route, and the end of the basic process route is a product hydrogen delivery pipeline; it further includes an improved process route for use under low load conditions. The improved process route includes an external circulation process. The starting end of the external circulation process is connected to the product hydrogen delivery pipeline, and the ending end is connected before a certain drying tower device on the upstream side of the basic process route, so that the process flow between the starting end and the ending end on the basic process route becomes a common process of the improved process route and the basic process route. The improved process route establishes a low-condition cycle between the common process and the external circulation process.

[0010] Further, a power device is provided on the external circulation process, and the power device provides a medium circulation driving force for the improved process route.

[0011] Further, the power device includes a circulation fan, and a hydrogen buffer tank is provided at the product hydrogen delivery pipeline end.

[0012] Further, an operation monitoring device is provided in the drying tower device. The operation monitoring device includes a pressure distribution monitor, a desiccant saturation monitor, and a humidity sensor. The operation monitoring device is electrically connected to a data processing platform.

[0013] Further, the pressure distribution monitor includes pressure sensors arranged at different height positions in the drying tower device; the desiccant saturation monitor includes a near-infrared spectrum sensor.

[0014] Further, a multi-stage flow splitting and flow equalizing device is provided in the drying tower device, which includes multi-stage flow splitting plates, flow guiding components, and a support structure. The flow splitting plates and the flow guiding components are fixed in the drying tower device in a specific distribution form through the support structure.

[0015] Further, multiple layers of the multi-stage flow splitting plates are provided in the height direction of the drying tower device. Each layer of the multi-stage flow splitting plates is preset as a concentric ring-shaped or radially radiating radial flow splitting component, and the radial flow splitting components between adjacent layers are arranged in a staggered manner; flow splitting holes are provided on the flow splitting components, and the diameter of the flow splitting holes gradually decreases and the number gradually increases from the outside to the inside; The flow guiding component includes a flow guiding vane or a flow guiding cone, which is arranged between the layers of the multi-stage flow splitting plates for adjusting the hydrogen flow direction.

[0016] A control method for a hydrogen drying device of a new electrolytic cell purification system, including the above-mentioned hydrogen purification drying system, which includes a low-load working condition control step: S1: Real-time monitoring of working conditions. The system continuously monitors the hydrogen flow rate data entering the drying system. When the implemented flow rate is lower than the set threshold, it is determined that the system enters the low-load working condition and triggers the low-load control process; S2: Low-load working condition control process. After confirming the low-load working condition, automatically turn on the circulation fan in the external circulation process, drive part of the dried hydrogen to flow back from the product hydrogen delivery pipeline to between two adjacent drying tower devices upstream of the basic process route, and establish an improved process route; S3: PID dynamic adjustment of the fan speed. The PID controller adjusts the circulation fan speed in real time according to the pressure distribution monitor in the drying tower (data of pressure sensors at different heights), the desiccant saturation monitor (data of near-infrared spectrum sensors), and the humidity sensor data to maintain a constant total gas volume passing through the drying tower; S4: Optimization of operating parameters. The operating monitoring device collects data in the drying tower in real time and transmits it to the data processing platform; The data processing platform uses a neural network algorithm analysis model to comprehensively process the data, predict the remaining service life of the desiccant, and plan the replacement or regeneration operation in advance; adjust the working time and temperature parameters of the drying tower according to the hydrogen humidity to optimize the system operation.

[0017] Furthermore, it includes a normal-load working condition control step: S21: The system monitors that the hydrogen flow rate has recovered to the normal range; S22: Stop the operation of the circulation fan and close the improved process route; S23: The hydrogen is switched to the original basic process route for purification, and the system operates according to the conventional parameters.

[0018] The advantages and beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. When at low load, the minimum working gas volume of the drying tower is maintained by the circulation fan to avoid short-circuit phenomena. Only a small-power fan is required to achieve circulation, which is far lower than the energy consumption of restarting the compressor, thus achieving energy conservation and consumption reduction. A stable regeneration gas flow rate can completely regenerate the desiccant and reduce the replacement frequency. There is no need to modify the structure of the original drying tower, only a bypass circulation system needs to be added, and only modular transformation is required, and the transformation of the process has strong adaptability.

[0019] 2. By combining the basic process route with the improved process route, start the circulation fan at low load to make part of the dried hydrogen reflux, maintain the minimum working gas volume in the drying tower, avoid short-circuit phenomena caused by insufficient hydrogen flow, ensure sufficient contact between the desiccant and hydrogen in the drying tower, effectively improve the hydrogen purification effect, and ensure the stable compliance of the product hydrogen quality. At the same time, the operation monitoring equipment in the drying tower feeds back data in real time, and combines intelligent algorithms to optimize system parameters, further enhancing the drying efficiency and purification quality.

[0020] 3. A variety of operation monitoring equipment is arranged in the drying tower, connected to the data processing platform, and uses advanced technologies such as neural network algorithms to deeply analyze multi-dimensional parameters, which can predict system abnormalities in advance, such as problems like desiccant failure and uneven air flow distribution, and adjust system operation parameters in a timely manner. At the same time, automatically switch the low-load and normal-load control processes according to the real-time working conditions, realize the intelligent and adaptive operation of the system, reduce manual intervention, and improve management efficiency. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0021] Figure 1 is a schematic flow chart of the first embodiment of the hydrogen drying device of the electrolytic cell purification system of the present invention; Figure 2 is a schematic flow chart of the second embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 is a schematic flow chart of the third embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 is a schematic flow chart of the buffer tank set in the hydrogen purification drying system under low-load conditions of the present invention; Figure 5 is a schematic internal structure diagram of the drying tower equipment of the present invention; Figure 6 is in the present invention Figure 5 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of A-A in; In the figure: 1. Drying tower equipment; 2. Basic process route; 3. Hydrogen delivery pipeline; 4. Improved process route; 5. External circulation process; 6. Starting end; 7. Ending end; 8. Shared process; 9. Power equipment; 10. Pressure distribution monitor; 11. Desiccant saturation monitor; 12. Humidity sensor; 13. Multi-stage shunt and equalization device; 14. Multi-stage shunt plate; 15. Flow guiding component; 16. Radial shunt component; 17. Shunt hole; 18. Support structure; 19. Air flow distributor; 20. Low-load bypass; 21. Hydrogen buffer tank. Detailed Embodiments

[0022] The following combines the drawings and embodiments to further describe the specific embodiments of the present invention. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and cannot be used to limit the protection scope of the present invention.

[0023] AsFigures 1-4 As shown, multiple drying tower devices 1 are connected by process pipelines, so that the hydrogen produced by electrolytic hydrogen production passes through drying towers and other equipment in turn, thereby drying the hydrogen product. The mature three-tower process is used for explanation below. It can be understood that the number of drying towers is not limited and can be increased or decreased as needed; in a cycle of the existing three drying towers, each drying tower undergoes three states of work, regeneration, and adsorption in turn. The problem faced is that when the device is under low load, the hydrogen output is low, and only a small amount of hydrogen from the first dryer goes to the next dryer, or even directly to the filter without passing through the remaining two dryers, affecting the hydrogen purification effect and the working efficiency of the drying system. Therefore, it is necessary to consider a new type of hydrogen drying device and method for the electrolyzer purification system to cope with the low load of the system, so that the drying tower can still maintain normal operation, so as to overcome the problem of frequent start-stop switching of the drying tower caused by fluctuations in hydrogen output.

[0024] Embodiment 1: A novel hydrogen drying device for an electrolyzer purification system includes a drying tower group consisting of a plurality of drying tower devices 1, wherein the drying tower groups are connected via a basic process route 2, and the end of the basic process route 2 is a product hydrogen delivery pipeline 3; Figure 1 As shown, in the process of this embodiment, the basic process route 2 includes entering the No. 1 drying tower after deoxidation treatment from the deoxidizer, and then using a series route, that is, passing through the No. 2 drying tower and the No. 3 drying tower in sequence, and then being delivered to the user unit from the hydrogen delivery pipeline 3, so as to form a multi-stage drying effect. This basic process route 2 has a better effect on product hydrogen drying; When the device is at low load, the hydrogen flow is insufficient, causing part of the hydrogen to short-circuit directly to the filter and fail to fully participate in the adsorption process of the subsequent drying tower. In addition, the regeneration gas volume is insufficient, the desiccant is not regenerated completely, and the system efficiency continues to deteriorate.

[0025] In this embodiment, in order to overcome this problem, specifically, an improved process route 4 corresponding to low load conditions is provided, such as Figure 1As shown, the improved process route 4 includes an external circulation process 5. The starting end 6 of the external circulation process 5 is connected to the product hydrogen delivery pipeline 3, and the ending end 7 is connected to a certain drying tower device 1 on the upstream side of the basic process route 2. It can be understood that the connection position of the ending end 7 is not limited by the attached drawing. In the drawing, it is connected between the first and second drying tower devices 1. Of course, it can also be connected between the second and third drying towers. And as the number of drying tower devices 1 increases, more connection positions can be added (not shown in the figure), making the process flow between the starting end 6 and the ending end 7 on the basic process route 2 become the shared process 8 of the improved process route 4 and the basic process route 2. The improved process route 4 establishes a low-condition cycle between the shared process 8 and the external circulation process 5. And it can be understood that multiple pipelines can be set simultaneously between these connection positions. When multiple pipelines are set, these pipelines are in a parallel structure, and corresponding regulating valves can be set to remotely control which drying tower device 1 the external circulation process 5 cuts into; thus forming the option to strengthen the circulation volume for some downstream drying tower devices 1 to avoid frequent start and stop of the drying tower device 1.

[0026] Furthermore, a power device 9 is provided on the external circulation process 5, and the power device 9 provides the driving force for the medium circulation of the improved process route 4; in this embodiment, the dynamic device is exemplarily a circulation fan. Specifically, the circulation fan is set on the external circulation process 5, and the power of the circulation fan is adjustable (0.5~5kW), and the flow range is 10~500m³ / h. A pressure sensor (accuracy ±0.1kPa) is set at the fan inlet to monitor the buffer tank pressure in real time to prevent gas backflow caused by negative pressure. And a flow regulating valve and a check valve are provided in a supporting manner to prevent gas backflow, so that the starting end 6 and the ending end 7 of the external circulation pipeline are connected to the pipeline of the original basic process route 2 through a three-way valve, so that the flow direction of hydrogen can be controlled and adjusted.

[0027] During actual use, a flow sensor is provided on the basic process route 2. When it is detected that the flow is lower than the set threshold (which can be 30% of the flow), the fan is automatically started, and part of the dried hydrogen is returned to the front end of the system. The fan speed is dynamically adjusted through a PID controller to maintain a constant total gas volume. After the system resumes normal load, the fan automatically shuts down and switches to the original process path.

[0028] Thus, it solves the problem that when the system is at low load, the reduction of hydrogen flow rate leads to more serious insufficient drying, and further greatly saves costs. By forced circulation, the minimum working gas volume of the drying tower is ensured, and the hydrogen purity and the regeneration effect of the desiccant are ensured.

[0029] Embodiment Two: In this embodiment, the same three-tower process as in Embodiment 1 is taken as an example for illustration. The difference is that in this embodiment, a low-load cross line 20 is provided in parallel between the second and third drying tower devices 1. It can be understood that after being dried by the first drying tower, hydrogen can be controlled to change its flow direction by the opening selection of the valve or the opening degree of the valve, or the ratio of the flow rates of hydrogen entering the two parallel pipelines. For example, when the system load decreases and the amount of hydrogen decreases, and the pressure drop before and after the system increases suddenly or even short-circuits when hydrogen passes through the three drying tower devices 1. At this time, the low-load cross line 20 provided in parallel can be opened through the regulating valve, so that part or all of the hydrogen bypasses the second and third drying towers, so as to keep the system still able to produce hydrogen normally at low load.

[0030] In order to avoid the short-circuit phenomenon caused by less hydrogen gas at low system load, this embodiment can also be the same as Embodiment 1, and an external circulation process 5 is set, as Figure 2 shown. Its setting form can be the same as that of Embodiment 1. In actual production control, in this embodiment, regulating valves are respectively provided on the series pipeline and the low-load cross line 20, and the opening degree of the regulating valve is controlled by the flow rate, and a PID adjustment control can be set between the power of the circulation fan, so that the hydrogen in the system can be controlled to flow into the predetermined equipment according to the operation of the process personnel, and the controllability is improved.

[0031] Embodiment 3: The difference between this embodiment and the foregoing embodiments is that each drying tower device 1 in this embodiment is set to be controllable in parallel, and control valves are provided at the front and rear ends of each drying tower device 1. Similarly, taking the three-tower system as an example, as Figure 3 shown. In this embodiment, the starting end 6 of the external circulation process 5 is still connected to the hydrogen delivery pipeline 3, and its ending end 7 is provided with a plurality of parallel branches corresponding to each drying tower device 1. Taking the three-tower system as an example, three parallel external circulation ending ends 7 are set in parallel, and in this embodiment, an external circulation process 5 is also set, and a circulation fan is provided on the external circulation process 5. In this way, in the multi-tower parallel system in parallel, during low-load production, the circulation fan can be used to perform forced circulation on one or more towers or some towers to ensure the working gas volume of the drying tower and ensure the hydrogen purity and desiccant regeneration effect.

[0032] Embodiment 4: On the basis of the foregoing Embodiments 1 to 3, a hydrogen buffer tank 21 is added in this embodiment. Specifically, as Figure 4As shown in the figure, the outlet end of the product hydrogen delivery pipeline is connected to the hydrogen buffer tank 21 through a pipeline. By setting up the hydrogen buffer tank 21, the pressure stability of the system can be further maintained, thereby reducing the fluctuations caused by hydrogen pressure fluctuations in the subsequent system. In the figure, based on the attached drawing of Embodiment 2, the inlet of the hydrogen buffer tank 21 is connected to the hydrogen delivery pipeline 3, and the outlet of the hydrogen buffer tank 21 is the starting end 6 of the external circulation process 5.

[0033] Furthermore, the drying tower is internally filled with molecular sieve or silica gel adsorbent. In order to ensure uniform gas flow distribution inside the tower and prevent the occurrence of uneven flow, an air flow distributor 19 is added inside the drying tower. Specifically, it can adopt a perforated plate structure to enable hydrogen to pass evenly through the adsorption bed layer inside the drying tower, thereby increasing the adsorption efficiency to over 90%. And an explosion-proof centrifugal fan is used, and the material is preferably low-carbon stainless steel such as 316L stainless steel, which is resistant to hydrogen embrittlement.

[0034] Embodiment Five As a further improvement of Embodiment Four, in this embodiment, the internal air flow uniform distribution performance of the drying tower device 1 is optimized, and a multi-stage shunt and uniform flow device 13 is added inside the drying tower device 1. This device is designed with a perforated plate structure and specifically includes multi-stage shunt plates 14, a flow guiding component 15, and a support structure 18. The shunt plates and the flow guiding component 15 are firmly fixed inside the drying tower device 1 in a specific distribution form through the support structure 18.

[0035] The multi-stage shunt plates 14 are composed of multiple layers of radial shunt components 16 and the support structure 18 to form a laminated structure, and can be flexibly set from bottom to top in 1 - 5 layers inside the drying tower according to actual process requirements. Each layer of the radial shunt component 16 is designed into a concentric ring or radial structure. Taking the concentric ring distribution as an example, each layer of the radial shunt part is composed of multiple concentric ring plates, and shunt holes 17 are evenly arranged on the concentric ring plates. Through a large number of experimental verifications, when the diameter of the shunt holes 17 decreases in a gradient of 0.5 - 1.5 mm from the outside to the inside and the number increases in a gradient of 1.2 - 1.5 times, the effect of improving the air flow uniformity is the best. The radial shunt components 16 between adjacent layers are arranged in a staggered manner, and this layout can cause the air flow direction and speed to change continuously when hydrogen passes through different levels of shunt plates, thereby further enhancing the gas dispersion effect.

[0036] In practical applications, through computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation analysis, comparing the internal air flow distribution of the drying tower without installing the multi-stage shunt and uniform flow device 13 and with installing this device, it is found that: without installation, the difference in air flow velocity in different regions inside the drying tower can reach 40% - 60%; after installation, the difference in air flow velocity is reduced to 10% - 15%, significantly improving the air flow uniformity.

[0037] Meanwhile, the flow guiding component 15 can be selectively set according to specific working conditions. The flow guiding component 15 is installed between the layers of the multi-stage shunt plate 14 and is used to adjust the hydrogen gas flow direction. The flow guiding component 15 includes two forms: flow guiding vanes and flow guiding cones, which can be used alone or in combination according to needs. Its quantity, position, and installation angle can all be flexibly adjusted, and it is accurately positioned in the drying tower through the support structure 18. For example, under the condition of a large gas handling capacity, the number of flow guiding vanes can be increased and their installation angle can be adjusted to 30°-45°, so that the hydrogen gas forms a spiral flow in the drying tower, further promoting the uniform distribution of the gas.

[0038] Embodiment Six As Figure 1 shown, the drying tower equipment 1 is equipped with operation monitoring equipment, which consists of a pressure distribution monitor 10, a desiccant saturation monitor 11, and a humidity sensor 12. All the operation monitoring equipment is electrically connected to the data processing platform through data transmission lines. The data processing platform is built-in with a PID controller, which adjusts the rotation speed of the circulation fan in real time by receiving multi-source monitoring data to maintain a constant total gas volume in the drying tower.

[0039] The pressure distribution monitor 10 is composed of 4 pressure sensors arranged at 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80% of the height in the axial direction of the drying tower (briefly shown in the figure). When the pressure deviation in a certain area exceeds the set threshold (such as ±5 kPa), the PID controller preferentially adjusts the fan rotation speed. For example, under low-load conditions, if the data of the top pressure sensor shows a sudden drop in pressure, the PID controller will increase the proportional coefficient Kp by 1.2 - 1.5 times, quickly increase the fan rotation speed, and make the pressure in this area return to the normal range within 30 seconds, avoiding a decrease in drying efficiency due to insufficient gas flow.

[0040] The desiccant saturation monitor 11 uses a near-infrared spectrum sensor with a monitoring accuracy of ±3% and a response time of < 2 seconds. When it is monitored that the desiccant saturation exceeds the warning value (such as 80%), the PID controller dynamically adjusts the fan rotation speed in combination with the data of the humidity sensor 12. Experimental data shows that when the humidity is 50 ppm and the saturation reaches 80%, increasing the integral coefficient Ki by 0.8 - 1.0 times can increase the circulation gas volume by 15% - 20%, strengthen the regeneration effect, and reduce the desiccant saturation to below the safety threshold within 2 hours.

[0041] The humidity sensor 12 has a measurement range of 0 - 100 ppm and an accuracy of ±1 ppm. When the hydrogen gas humidity exceeds the target value (such as 10 ppm), the PID controller activates the differential regulation function and adjusts the fan rotation speed according to the humidity change rate. For example, when the humidity rises at a rate of 2 ppm / min, the differential coefficient Kd automatically increases by 0.5 - 0.8 times, predicting the gas volume demand in advance and stabilizing the humidity below 8 ppm within 40 minutes.

[0042] After actual working condition tests, after the PID controller is combined with multi-source data regulation, the fluctuation range of the total gas volume in the drying tower is controlled within ±5%. Compared with the traditional single flow control method, the hydrogen purification efficiency has been improved, and the service life of the desiccant has been extended by about 30%, effectively ensuring the stable operation of the system under low-load conditions.

[0043] A control method for a hydrogen drying device of a new type of electrolytic cell purification system, including the above-mentioned drying system for hydrogen purification, and the control method of the hydrogen purification and drying system under low-load conditions Based on a hydrogen purification and drying system including a pressure distribution monitor 10, a desiccant saturation monitor 11, a humidity sensor 12, and a PID controller, this control method realizes precise control under low-load and normal-load conditions. The specific steps are as follows: S1: Real-time monitoring of working conditions The system continuously monitors the hydrogen flow data entering the drying system through a high-precision flow sensor at a frequency of 10 times per second, and dynamically compares the real-time flow with the set threshold (30% of the flow). Once the real-time flow is continuously lower than the 30% threshold for 10 seconds, it is determined that the system enters the low-load condition, immediately triggering the low-load control process and sending a low-load warning signal to the operator.

[0044] S2: Low-load condition control process After confirming the entry into the low-load condition, the system automatically turns on the explosion-proof circulation fan on the external circulation process 5 within 0.5 seconds. The rated power of this fan is 5 kW, and the maximum flow rate can reach 500 m³ / h. After the circulation fan starts, it drives some of the dried hydrogen to flow back from the product hydrogen delivery pipeline 3 to between two adjacent drying tower devices 1 upstream of the basic process route 2, establishing an improved process route 4. At the same time, the corresponding pneumatic valves are opened (response time < 1 second) to ensure smooth air flow paths.

[0045] S3: PID dynamic adjustment of fan speed The PID controller adjusts the speed of the circulation fan in real time according to multi-source monitoring data to maintain the constancy of the total gas volume in the drying tower: Adjustment based on pressure distribution: The pressure distribution monitor 10 consists of 4 high-precision pressure sensors (accuracy ±0.5 kPa) arranged at 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80% of the axial height of the drying tower. When the pressure deviation in a certain area exceeds the set threshold (such as ±5 kPa), the PID controller preferentially adjusts the fan speed. If the data of the top pressure sensor shows a sudden drop in pressure, the PID controller increases the proportional coefficient Kp by 1.2 - 1.5 times and starts the fan to restore the pressure in this area to the normal range within 30 seconds.

[0046] Adjustment based on desiccant saturation: The desiccant saturation monitor 11 uses a near-infrared spectrum sensor with a monitoring accuracy of ±3% and a response time of <2 seconds. When it is detected that the desiccant saturation exceeds the warning value (such as 80%), and the data of the humidity sensor 12 shows that the humidity is around 50 ppm, the PID controller will increase the integral coefficient Ki by 0.8 - 1.0 times, so that the circulating gas volume increases by 15% - 20% within 5 minutes, enhancing the regeneration effect and reducing the desiccant saturation to below the safety threshold of 70% within 2 hours.

[0047] Adjustment based on humidity: The humidity sensor 12 has a measurement range of 0 - 100 ppm and an accuracy of ±1 ppm. When the hydrogen humidity exceeds the target value (such as 10 ppm) and rises at a rate of 2 ppm / min, the PID controller activates the differential regulation function, automatically increasing the differential coefficient Kd by 0.5 - 0.8 times, predicting the gas volume demand in advance and stabilizing the humidity below 8 ppm within 40 minutes.

[0048] S4: Optimization of operating parameters The operation monitoring device collects data such as the pressure, desiccant saturation, and humidity inside the drying tower in real time at a frequency of once per second and transmits it to the data processing platform. The data processing platform uses the trained neural network algorithm analysis model to comprehensively process the data: Prediction of desiccant life: By analyzing the change trend of desiccant saturation and historical data, predict the remaining service life of the desiccant, and send a replacement or regeneration reminder to the operator 72 hours in advance.

[0049] Adjustment of drying tower parameters: Automatically adjust the working time and temperature parameters of the drying tower according to the hydrogen humidity data to optimize the system operation.

[0050] Control steps for normal load working conditions S21: Working condition determination The system continuously monitors the hydrogen flow rate. When the real-time flow rate is stable within the normal range (>80% of the set threshold) for 15 consecutive seconds, it is determined that the system has returned to the normal load working condition.

[0051] S22: Shut down the improved process route 4 After confirming the normal load working condition, the system stops the operation of the circulation fan within 1 second, closes the pneumatic valves related to the external circulation process 5, and at the same time cuts off the power supply of the circulation fan to prevent mis-start.

[0052] S23: Resume normal operation The hydrogen is switched to the original basic process route 2 for purification, and the system operates according to the conventional parameters. At this time, the working time, temperature and other parameters of the drying tower return to the preset standard values, and each monitoring device continues to monitor the operation status of the system in real time to ensure the stable operation of the system.

[0053] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, several improvements and refinements can be made, and these improvements and refinements should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A novel hydrogen drying device for an electrolyzer purification system, comprising a drying tower group consisting of a plurality of drying tower devices, characterized in that: The drying tower groups are connected through a basic process route, and the end of the basic process route is a product hydrogen delivery pipeline; it also includes an improved process route used under low-load conditions, and the improved process route includes an external circulation process, the starting end of the external circulation process is connected to the product hydrogen delivery pipeline, and the end end is connected before a drying tower equipment on the upstream side of the basic process route, so that the process flow between the starting end and the end end on the basic process route becomes a common process of the improved process route and the basic process route, and the improved process route establishes a low-operating condition cycle between the common process and the external circulation process.

2. A novel hydrogen drying device for electrolytic cell purification system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The external circulation process is provided with a power device, and the power device provides medium circulation driving force for the improved process route.

3. The novel hydrogen drying device for electrolytic cell purification system according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The power equipment includes a circulating fan, and a hydrogen buffer tank is provided at the end of the product hydrogen delivery pipeline.

4. The novel hydrogen drying device for electrolytic cell purification system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The drying tower equipment is provided with an operation monitoring device, which includes a pressure distribution monitor, a desiccant saturation monitor, and a humidity sensor. The operation monitoring device is electrically connected to a data processing platform.

5. A novel hydrogen drying device for electrolytic cell purification system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The pressure distribution monitor includes pressure sensors arranged at different heights in the drying tower equipment; the desiccant saturation monitor includes a near infrared spectrum sensor.

6. The novel hydrogen drying device for electrolytic cell purification system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The drying tower equipment is provided with a multi-stage flow distribution and equalization device, which includes a multi-stage flow distribution plate, a flow guide component, and a support structure. The flow distribution plate and the flow guide component are fixed in the drying tower equipment in a specific distribution form through the support structure.

7. A novel hydrogen drying device for electrolytic cell purification system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The multi-stage flow divider plate is provided with multiple layers in the height direction of the drying tower equipment, each layer of the multi-stage flow divider plate is pre-set into concentric ring-shaped or radial radial flow divider components, and the radial flow divider components between adjacent layers are staggered; the radial flow divider components are provided with flow divider holes, the diameter of the flow divider holes gradually decreases from the outside to the inside, and the number of the flow divider holes gradually increases; The flow guide component includes a flow guide vane or a flow guide cone, which is arranged between the layers of the multi-stage splitter plate to adjust the flow direction of hydrogen.

8. A novel control method for a hydrogen drying device of an electrolyzer purification system, characterized in that: The drying device according to any one of claims 1 to 7 comprises a low load condition control step: S1: Real-time monitoring of working conditions. The system continuously monitors the hydrogen flow data entering the drying system. When the flow rate is lower than the set threshold, the system is judged to enter a low-load condition and the low-load control process is triggered. S2: Low-load condition control process. After confirming the low-load condition, the circulating fan on the external circulation process is automatically turned on to drive part of the dried hydrogen to flow back from the product hydrogen delivery pipeline to the space between the two adjacent drying tower equipments upstream of the basic process route, thus establishing an improved process route. S3: PID dynamically adjusts the fan speed. The PID controller adjusts the circulating fan speed in real time based on the pressure distribution monitor, desiccant saturation monitor and humidity sensor data in the drying tower to maintain a constant total gas volume passing through the drying tower. S4: Operation parameter optimization, operation monitoring equipment collects data in the drying tower in real time and transmits it to the data processing platform; The data processing platform uses a neural network algorithm analysis model to comprehensively process the data, predict the remaining service life of the desiccant, and plan replacement or regeneration operations in advance; adjust the working time and temperature parameters of the drying tower according to the hydrogen humidity to optimize system operation.

9. The control method of a novel electrolyzer purification system hydrogen drying device according to claim 8 is characterized in that: Including normal load condition control steps: S21: The system detects that the hydrogen flow rate has returned to the normal range; S22: Stop the circulation fan and close the improved process route; S23: Hydrogen is switched to the original basic process route for purification, and the system operates according to normal parameters.

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