Ion exchange membrane, preparation method thereof, membrane electrode and application
By adding template agent to the preparation of the ion exchange membrane and assembling through electrostatic interactions, combined with etching treatment, the problem of low conductivity of ion exchange membranes in the prior art is solved, and higher ion conductivity and lower energy consumption are achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202311816603.4
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2023-12-25
- Publication Date
- 2025-06-27
AI Technical Summary
The ion exchange membrane in the prior art has a low ion conductivity, which leads to a problem of large internal resistance and high energy consumption in fuel cells or electrolytic cell devices.
A new ion exchange membrane preparation method is adopted. By adding a template agent to the preparation of the ion exchange membrane, it is assembled with the resin solution raw material in the ion exchange membrane through electrostatic interaction, and further etching is carried out to remove the template agent, and an ion exchange membrane containing two-dimensional continuous transfer channels is induced.
The ion conductivity of the ion exchange membrane is improved, the activation energy and transmission path required for ion transmission are reduced, and the resistance is reduced, thereby improving the energy efficiency of fuel cells or electrolytic cell devices.
Smart Images
Figure CN120209377A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application relates to the technical field of hydrogen production by electrolyzing water, and particularly relates to an ion exchange membrane, a preparation method thereof, a membrane electrode and an application. Background Art
[0003] In a variety of hydrogen fuel cells and hydrogen production technologies by electrolyzing water, both ion exchange membrane fuel cells and electrolysis technologies have shown significant advantages such as high efficiency and fast startup. The core component of both fuel cells and electrolyzers is the membrane electrode assembly (MEA), and the ion exchange membrane is the core of the MEA, which has the following functions: (1) separating the cathode and anode to prevent the mixing of reactants or products; (2) conducting ions to form an electrical circuit; (3) being an electronic insulator to prevent short circuits. Therefore, the ion exchange membrane should meet the following conditions: (1) low gas permeability; (2) high conductivity; (3) strong stability; (4) high strength and electronic insulation. Among them, conductivity is the key factor affecting energy consumption. Currently, the preparation methods of ion exchange membranes in the prior art basically use the casting method to form the membrane. This method cannot regulate its ion transfer channels and usually has a large resistance, which in turn makes the internal resistance in fuel cell or electrolyzer devices relatively large and the energy consumption relatively high.
[0004] Based on this, in the face of the low ionic conductivity of the ion exchange membrane in the prior art, when it is applied to fuel cell or electrolyzer devices, problems such as relatively large internal resistance and relatively high energy consumption occur. Therefore, there is an urgent need to provide an ion exchange membrane and a preparation method thereof to improve the above problems. Summary of the Invention
[0005] The main object of the present invention is to provide an ion exchange membrane, a preparation method thereof, a membrane electrode and an application, so as to solve the problems of relatively low ionic conductivity of the ion exchange membrane in the prior art, resulting in relatively large internal resistance and relatively high energy consumption when it is applied to fuel cells or electrolysis devices.
[0006] To achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, a preparation method of an ion exchange membrane is provided. The preparation method includes: Step S1, dispersing a template agent in a first organic solvent to obtain a template agent dispersion; Step S2, mixing and heating the template agent dispersion and an ion exchange resin solution in sequence to obtain an ion exchange membrane precursor; Step S3, etching the ion exchange membrane precursor in an inorganic solvent to obtain an ion exchange membrane; wherein, the template agent is a two-dimensional inorganic flaky material, and the two-dimensional inorganic flaky material is selected from one or more of layered double metal hydroxides, vermiculite, montmorillonite or bentonite.
[0007] Further, by weight percentage, the weight ratio of the template agent to the solute in the ion exchange resin solution is 1:(10 - 200).
[0008] Further, by weight percentage, the weight of the template agent accounts for 0.5 - 5.0 wt% of the weight of the ion exchange resin solution.
[0009] Further, in step S2, the ion exchange resin in the ion exchange resin solution is selected from one or more of sulfonated polyether ether ketone, perfluorosulfonic acid resin, sulfonated polysulfone, polyaryl piperidine, quaternized polyphenylene ether or quaternized polysulfone.
[0010] Further, the template agent is a layered double metal hydroxide.
[0011] Further, the preparation steps of the ion exchange resin solution include: dissolving the ion exchange resin in a second organic solvent to obtain the ion exchange resin solution; preferably, the mass concentration of the ion exchange resin solution is 0.5 - 5.0 wt%.
[0012] Further, the second organic solvent is selected from one or more of dimethyl sulfoxide, N-methyl pyrrolidone, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide or N,N-dimethylformamide.
[0013] Further, in step S1, the first solvent is selected from one or more of sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide.
[0014] Further, in step S2, the temperature of the heat treatment is 60 - 130 °C, and the treatment time is 12 - 36 h.
[0015] Further, in step S3, the inorganic solvent is an inorganic acid and / or an inorganic base solution.
[0016] Further, the inorganic acid is sulfuric acid, and the concentration of sulfuric acid is 0.1 - 1.0 mol / L; preferably, the inorganic base is potassium hydroxide, and the concentration of potassium hydroxide is 0.1 - 2.0 mol / L.
[0017] Further, in step S3, the etching is carried out at 30 - 100 °C to obtain the ion exchange membrane.
[0018] Further, after the etching treatment in step S3, the etched material needs to be washed and dried in sequence.
[0019] Further, in step S2, the mixing is carried out in a blender, the stirring rate is 10 - 25 rpm, and the stirring time is 1 - 12 h.
[0020] Further, the mixed solution after mixing the template agent dispersion liquid and the ion exchange resin solution is subjected to heat treatment in a membrane cell; preferably, in step S3, an ion exchange membrane precursor is etched in an inorganic solvent in the membrane cell.
[0021] To achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided an ion exchange membrane, including an anion exchange membrane and a cation exchange membrane, and the ion exchange membrane is prepared by the above-mentioned preparation method of the ion exchange membrane.
[0022] Further, the thickness of the ion exchange membrane is 10 - 500 μm.
[0023] Further, the thickness of the ion exchange membrane is 10 - 100 μm.
[0024] According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a membrane electrode, including an ion exchange membrane, a catalytic layer and a diffusion layer, and the ion exchange membrane is the above-mentioned membrane electrode.
[0025] According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided an application of the membrane electrode in the field of electrolytic water devices and / or fuel cell fields.
[0026] Applying the preparation method of the ion exchange membrane provided by the technical solution of the present invention, especially adding a template agent to the preparation of the ion exchange membrane, enabling it to assemble with the resin solution raw material in the ion exchange membrane through electrostatic interaction, and further performing etching treatment to remove the template agent, inducing an ion exchange membrane with a two-dimensional continuous transfer channel, reducing the activation energy required for ion transport, thereby reducing the ion transport path, reducing the resistance, and further improving its ionic conductivity. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0027] The drawings herein are incorporated into the specification and constitute a part of this specification, showing embodiments consistent with the present application, and are used together with the specification to explain the principles of the present application. In the drawings:
[0028] Figure 1 Shows the conductivity curves of the ion exchange membranes prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 of the present invention;
[0029] Figure 2 Shows the SEM image (magnification 10,000 times) of the ion exchange membrane prepared in Example 1 of the present invention; and
[0030] Figure 3 Shows the SEM image (magnification 10,000 times) of the ion exchange membrane prepared in Comparative Example 1 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS
[0031] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of this application. Apparently, the described embodiments are some but not all of the embodiments of this application. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments in this application without creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of this application.
[0032] As described in the background art section of the present invention, the ionic conductivity of the ion exchange membrane in the prior art is relatively low, which leads to problems such as relatively large internal resistance and high energy consumption when it is applied to fuel cell or electrolytic cell devices. The present invention provides a method for preparing an ion exchange membrane, and the preparation method includes: Step S1, taking a template agent and dispersing it in a first organic solvent to obtain a template agent dispersion; Step S2, taking the template agent dispersion and an ion exchange resin solution and performing mixing and heating treatments in sequence to obtain an ion exchange membrane precursor; Step S3, taking the ion exchange membrane precursor and etching it in an inorganic solvent to obtain an ion exchange membrane. Among them, the template agent is a two-dimensional inorganic flaky material, and the two-dimensional inorganic flaky material is selected from one or more of layered double metal hydroxides, vermiculite, montmorillonite, or bentonite.
[0033] Based on the fact that the ion exchange membrane conventionally prepared by the casting film-forming method in the prior art cannot regulate the ion transport channels, resulting in relatively low ionic conductivity. Based on this, the present invention creatively adopts a new method for preparing an ion exchange membrane, that is, adding a template agent to the preparation method of the ion exchange membrane, enabling it to assemble with the resin solution raw material in the ion exchange membrane through electrostatic interaction, and further performing an etching treatment to remove the template agent, inducing an ion exchange membrane with a two-dimensional continuous transmission channel, reducing the activation energy required for ion transport, thereby reducing the ion transport path, reducing the resistance, and further increasing its ionic conductivity. In particular, the template agent adopted in the present invention is a two-dimensional inorganic flaky material, and the two-dimensional inorganic flaky material is selected from one or more of layered double metal hydroxides, vermiculite, montmorillonite, or bentonite. The above two-dimensional inorganic flaky material is a charged layered material, and the charge property of its main chain of the resin in the resin solution raw material in the ion exchange membrane is opposite, that is, the two-dimensional inorganic flaky material and the resin material perform self-assembly through electrostatic attraction interaction. After etching the template agent, a continuous two-dimensional ion transport channel is obtained, and an ion exchange membrane with higher ion conductivity is obtained.
[0034] In a preferred embodiment, by weight percentage, the weight ratio of the template agent to the solute in the ion exchange resin solution is 1:(10 - 200). (For example, the weight ratio of the template agent to the solute in the ion exchange resin solution can be 1:10, 1:30, 1:50, 1:70, 1:90, 1:110, 1:130, 1:150, 1:170, 1:190 or 1:200). Further preferably, the weight of the template agent accounts for 0.5 - 5.0 wt% of the ion exchange resin solution to further promote the assembly of the template agent and the ion exchange resin solution through electrostatic interaction, thereby reducing the activation energy and transmission path required for the ion transfer process in the ion exchange membrane, and ultimately improving the energy efficiency of electrolyzed water and fuel cells.
[0035] In order to further improve the mechanical properties and thermal stability of the ion exchange membrane and enhance its comprehensive performance, in step S2, it is preferred that the ion exchange resin in the ion exchange resin solution is selected from one or more of sulfonated polyether ether ketone, perfluorosulfonic acid resin, sulfonated polysulfone, polyarylpiperidine, quaternized polyphenylene ether or quaternized polysulfone.
[0036] In a preferred embodiment, the preparation step of the ion exchange resin solution includes: dissolving the ion exchange resin in a second organic solvent to obtain an ion exchange resin solution, and the mass concentration of the ion exchange resin solution is 0.5 - 5.0 wt% to further improve the stability of the resin solution, making it more uniform and stable; further preferably, the second organic solvent is selected from one or more of dimethyl sulfoxide, N-methylpyrrolidone, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide or N,N-dimethylformamide, thereby improving the thermal stability and mechanical properties of the ion exchange membrane.
[0037] In order to further improve the assembly of the template agent and the resin solution through electrostatic interaction and reduce the activation energy and transmission path required for the ion transfer process in the ion exchange membrane, it is preferred that the template agent is a layered double metal hydroxide.
[0038] In a preferred embodiment, in step S1, the first solvent is one or more of sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide to further improve the stability of the template agent dispersion, and make the template agent completely dissolve in the first solvent to form a uniform and stable solution.
[0039] In a preferred embodiment, in step S2, the temperature of the heat treatment is 60 - 130 °C, and the treatment time is 12 - 36 h to further prepare an ion exchange membrane precursor and prepare for the next etching of the ion exchange membrane precursor.
[0040] In order to completely etch the template agent in the ion exchange membrane precursor and avoid the influence of impurities on the performance of the ion exchange membrane, it is preferred that the inorganic solvent in step S3 is an inorganic acid and / or an inorganic base solution. Further preferably, the inorganic acid is sulfuric acid with a concentration of 0.1 - 1.0 mol / L, and the inorganic base is potassium hydroxide with a concentration of 0.1 - 2.0 mol / L.
[0041] In order to further promote the assembly of the template agent and the resin solution raw material in the ion exchange membrane through electrostatic interaction, induce an ion exchange membrane with a two-dimensional continuous transport channel, reduce the activation energy required for ion transport, thereby reducing the ion transport path, reducing the resistance, and further improving its ionic conductivity. Preferably, in step S3, the etching is carried out at 30 - 100 °C to obtain the ion exchange membrane.
[0042] In a preferred embodiment, in step S3, after the etching treatment, the etched material needs to be washed and dried in sequence to further wash away and dry the remaining inorganic solvent thereon, avoiding the influence of impurities on the performance of the ion exchange membrane.
[0043] In order to make the resin solution and the template agent dispersion mix evenly, preferably in step S2, the mixing is carried out in a blender with a stirring rate of 10 - 25 rpm and a stirring time of 1 - 12 h; preferably, the mixed solution after mixing the template agent dispersion and the resin solution is heat-treated in a membrane cell to obtain an ion exchange membrane precursor film, providing a basis for subsequent etching treatment in the membrane cell; further preferably, the ion exchange membrane precursor in step S3 is etched in an inorganic solvent in the membrane cell.
[0044] On the other hand, the present invention also provides an ion exchange membrane, which is the ion exchange membrane prepared by the above-mentioned method for preparing an ion exchange membrane. As described above, the ion exchange membrane contains continuous two-dimensional ion transport channels inside, thereby further reducing the activation energy, increasing the conductivity, and further reducing the battery resistance and energy consumption.
[0045] In a preferred embodiment, the thickness of the ion exchange membrane is 10 - 500 μm, and further preferably, the thickness of the ion exchange membrane is 10 - 100 μm to make the comprehensive performance of the ion exchange membrane better.
[0046] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a membrane electrode, which includes an ion exchange membrane, a catalytic layer, and a diffusion layer. Among them, the ion exchange membrane is the above-mentioned membrane electrode, and this membrane electrode has high electrochemical performance and excellent comprehensive performance.
[0047] On the other hand, the present invention also provides an application of the membrane electrode in the field of electrolytic water devices and / or fuel cell fields.
[0048] The present application will be further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments, which should not be construed as limiting the scope claimed in the present application.
[0049] Example 1
[0050] Take 0.4 g of sulfonated polyether ether ketone (SPEEK) and dissolve it in 3.6 g of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) to obtain a sulfonated polyether ether ketone solution. Then, take 0.02 g of layered double metal hydroxide (LDH) and exfoliate it in 2 g of N,N-formamide by ultrasonic treatment to obtain an ion exchange resin solution. Mix the above two solutions with a stirring rate of 25 rpm for 6 h. Transfer the mixed solution to a membrane cell and dry it at 90 °C for 24 h to obtain an ion exchange membrane precursor. Finally, place the ion exchange membrane precursor in 1 M H2SO4 for etching, wash and dry it further after treatment at 80 °C for 24 h to finally obtain an ion exchange membrane with two-dimensional ion channels. The thickness of the ion exchange membrane is about 80 μm, and its SEM image (magnification 10,000 times) is as Figure 2 shown.
[0051] Example 2
[0052] The difference from Example 1 is that the two-dimensional inorganic flaky material used is vermiculite.
[0053] Example 3
[0054] The difference from Example 1 is that the two-dimensional inorganic flaky material used is montmorillonite.
[0055] Example 4
[0056] The difference from Example 1 is that the two-dimensional inorganic flaky material used is bentonite.
[0057] Comparative Example 1
[0058] The difference from Example 1 is only that there is no step S3, and the ion exchange membrane precursor obtained in step S2 is used as the final product. The SEM image (magnification 10,000 times) of this ion exchange membrane is as Figure 3 shown.
[0059] Performance test:
[0060] Take the ion exchange membranes prepared in the above examples and comparative examples, measure the impedance spectrum of the ion exchange membrane by the four-electrode method on an electrochemical workstation, and further calculate the conductivity of the membrane from the resistance value. The test results are shown in Table 1.
[0061] Table 1
[0062]
[0063] From the above description, it can be seen that the above embodiments of the present invention achieve the following technical effects:
[0064] From the test results of the examples and comparative examples, it can be found that when the ion exchange membrane preparation method of the present invention is adopted, especially when a template agent is added to the preparation of the ion exchange membrane, it is assembled with the ion exchange resin solution raw material in the ion exchange membrane through electrostatic interaction, and further etching treatment is carried out to remove the template agent, inducing an ion exchange membrane containing two-dimensional continuous transfer channels, reducing the activation energy required for ion transport, thereby reducing the ion transport path, reducing the resistance, and further increasing its ion conductivity.
[0065] From Figure 1 the conductivity curves of the ion exchange membranes prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, it can be found that compared with the ion exchange membrane prepared by the traditional method, the ion exchange membrane prepared by the present invention has a higher ion conductivity. In summary, the ion exchange membrane prepared by the present invention contains two-dimensional continuous transfer channels inside, which can significantly reduce the activation energy required for ion transport, shorten the ion transport path, and further increase its ion conductivity.
[0066] Although this specification contains many specific implementation details, these should not be construed as limiting the scope of any invention or the scope of what is claimed, but are mainly used to describe the features of specific embodiments of a particular invention. Certain features described in multiple embodiments in this specification can also be combined and implemented in a single embodiment. On the other hand, the various features described in a single embodiment can also be separately implemented in multiple embodiments or implemented in any suitable sub-combination. In addition, although the features may function in certain combinations as described above and are even initially claimed as such, one or more features from the claimed combination can in some cases be removed from the combination, and the claimed combination can be directed to a sub-combination or a variant of the sub-combination.
[0067] Similarly, although the operations are depicted in a specific order in the drawings, this should not be construed as requiring that the operations be performed in the specific order shown or sequentially, or that all of the illustrated operations be performed to achieve the desired result. In some cases, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. In addition, the separation of the various system modules and components in the above embodiments should not be construed as required in all embodiments, and it should be understood that the described program components and systems can generally be integrated together in a single software product or packaged into multiple software products.
[0068] Thus, specific embodiments of the subject matter have been described. Other embodiments are within the scope of the appended claims. In some cases, the actions recited in the claims can be performed in a different order and still achieve the desired results. In addition, the processes depicted in the drawings do not necessarily require the particular order or sequential order shown to achieve the desired results. In some implementations, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous.
[0069] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, the elements defined by the sentence "comprise a ..." do not exclude the existence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device including the elements.
[0070] The above description is only a specific implementation of the present application, so that those skilled in the art can understand or implement the present application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present application. Therefore, the present application will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but will conform to the widest range consistent with the principles and novel features applied for herein.
Claims
1. A method for preparing an ion exchange membrane, characterized in that, The preparation method includes: Step S1: Dispersing a template agent in a first organic solvent to obtain a template agent dispersion; Step S2: Mixing and heating the template agent dispersion and an ion exchange resin solution in sequence to obtain an ion exchange membrane precursor; Step S3: Etching the ion exchange membrane precursor in an inorganic solvent to obtain the ion exchange membrane; Wherein, the template agent is a two-dimensional inorganic flaky material, and the two-dimensional inorganic flaky material is selected from one or more of layered double metal hydroxides, vermiculite, montmorillonite, or bentonite.
2. The method for preparing an ion exchange membrane according to claim 1, characterized in that, By weight percentage, the weight ratio of the template agent to the solute in the ion exchange resin solution is 1:(10 - 200).
3. The method for preparing an ion exchange membrane according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, By weight percentage, the weight of the template agent accounts for 0.5 - 5.0 wt% of the weight of the ion exchange resin solution.
4. The method for preparing an ion exchange membrane according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, In Step S2, the ion exchange resin in the ion exchange resin solution is selected from one or more of sulfonated polyether ether ketone, perfluorosulfonic acid resin, sulfonated polysulfone, polyaryl piperidine, quaternized polyphenylene ether, or quaternized polysulfone.
5. The preparation method of the ion exchange membrane according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The template agent is a layered double metal hydroxide.
6. The method for preparing an ion exchange membrane according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The preparation steps of the ion exchange resin solution include: Dissolving the ion exchange resin in a second organic solvent to obtain the ion exchange resin solution; and / or The mass concentration of the ion exchange resin solution is 0.5 - 5.0 wt%.
7. The method for preparing an ion exchange membrane according to claim 6, wherein The second organic solvent is selected from one or more of dimethyl sulfoxide, N-methylpyrrolidone, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, or N,N-dimethylformamide.
8. The method for preparing an ion exchange membrane according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, In Step S1, the first solvent is selected from one or more of sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, potassium hydroxide, or sodium hydroxide.
9. The method for preparing an ion exchange membrane according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, In Step S2, the temperature of the heating treatment is 60 - 130°C, and the treatment time is 12 - 36 h.
10. The method for preparing an ion exchange membrane according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, In Step S3, the inorganic solvent is an inorganic acid and / or an inorganic base solution.
11. The method for preparing an ion exchange membrane according to claim 10, characterized in that, The inorganic acid is sulfuric acid, and the concentration of the sulfuric acid is 0.1 - 1.0 mol / L; and / or The inorganic base is potassium hydroxide, and the concentration of the potassium hydroxide is 0.1 - 2.0 mol / L.
12. The method for preparing an ion exchange membrane according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that, In Step S3, the etching is carried out at 30 - 100°C to obtain the ion exchange membrane.
13. The method for preparing an ion exchange membrane according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that, After the etching treatment in Step S3, it is also necessary to wash and dry the etched material in sequence.
14. The method for preparing an ion exchange membrane according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that, In Step S2, the mixing is carried out in a blender, the stirring rate is 10 - 25 rpm, and the stirring time is 1 - 12 h.
15. The method for preparing an ion exchange membrane according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that, The heating treatment of the mixed solution after mixing the template agent dispersion and the ion exchange resin solution is carried out in a membrane cell; and / or In Step S3, the etching treatment of the ion exchange membrane precursor in the inorganic solvent is carried out in a membrane cell.
16. An ion exchange membrane, comprising an anion exchange membrane and a cation exchange membrane, characterized in that, The ion exchange membrane is obtained by the preparation method of the ion exchange membrane according to any one of claims 1 to 15.
17. The ion exchange membrane according to claim 16, wherein The thickness of the ion exchange membrane is 10 - 500 μm.
18. The ion exchange membrane according to claim 16 or 17, characterized in that, The thickness of the ion exchange membrane is 10 - 100 μm.
19. A membrane electrode, comprising an ion exchange membrane, a catalytic layer and a diffusion layer, characterized in that, The ion exchange membrane is the membrane electrode according to any one of claims 16 to 18.
20. Use of the membrane electrode described in claim 19 in the field of electrolytic water devices and / or fuel cell fields.