Lubricating oil composition for hybrid vehicle

Abstract

An internal combustion engine lubricating oil composition for reducing corrosion of an engine of a hybrid vehicle is disclosed. The reduction in corrosion may be determined by the JIS K2246 test method. A method for reducing corrosion of an engine of a hybrid vehicle using the lubricating oil composition is also disclosed.

Description

[0001] This application is a divisional application of a Chinese patent application with an application number of 202080067689.3, a filing date of September 22, 2020, and an invention title of "Lubricating Oil Composition for Hybrid Vehicles". Background Art

[0002] Modern lubricating oils are formulated according to strict specifications typically set by original equipment manufacturers. To meet the strict specifications, carefully selected lubricant additives are blended with a base oil having a lubricating viscosity. A typical lubricating oil composition can contain, for example, dispersants, detergents, antioxidants, antiwear agents, rust inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors, antifoaming agents, and / or friction modifiers. The specific application or use (e.g., hybrid vehicle) will determine the set of additives incorporated into the lubricating oil composition.

[0003] Hybrid vehicles rely on two distinct types of power technologies - an internal combustion engine and an electric motor. The internal combustion engine mainly drives the vehicle at high speeds. The electric motor drives the vehicle at low speeds and can also assist the internal combustion engine when additional power is needed. It is important for hybrid vehicles that the power from the engine and the motor is distributed in a well-balanced manner as the vehicle speed increases.

[0004] Hybrid vehicles are typically characterized by a start-stop system in which the engine stops when the vehicle stops and the engine fuel system pauses when the vehicle is driven only by the motor or under braking. Thus, the accumulation of water and fuel in the oil is a problem because the engine cannot adequately evaporate water and fuel. This results in the formation of an unstable emulsion, which has a negative impact on engine performance and causes corrosion of engine components.

[0005] The differences between hybrid vehicles and conventional automotive vehicles are significant, and conventional engine oils are not optimized for use in hybrid vehicles. Therefore, there is a need for a lubricating oil composition specifically designed for hybrid vehicles. In particular, there is a need for a lubricating oil composition that improves the corrosion protection of engine components in hybrid vehicles. Summary of the Invention

[0006] According to one embodiment, the present invention provides a lubricating oil composition for an internal combustion engine, comprising: (a) a major amount of an oil having a lubricating viscosity; (b) one or more compounds containing a carboxylic acid functional group, an ester functional group, or an acid anhydride functional group, represented by formula (I) or (II),

[0007]

[0008] wherein each R 1 、R 2 、R 3 and R 4Independently a hydrogen group, a hydrocarbon group or a hydrocarbylene group, wherein each R 5 and R 6 Independently a hydrogen group, a hydrocarbon group or a hydrocarbylene group, wherein R 1 、R 2 、R 3 and R 4 in at least one of which is a hydrocarbon or hydrocarbylene group; and (c) a polyalkoxylated hydrocarbyl phenol represented by formula (III) or (IV):

[0009]

[0010]

[0011] wherein each R 7 is independently a hydrocarbon or hydrocarbylene group of 1 to 250 carbon atoms, each R 8 and R 9 are independently a hydrogen group, a hydrocarbon group of 1 to 6 carbon atoms or a hydrocarbylene group of 1 to 6 carbon atoms; R 10 is a hydrogen group, a hydrocarbon group of 1 to 24 carbon atoms, a hydrocarbylene group of 1 to 24 carbon atoms or an acyl group represented by —C(═O)R 11 wherein R 11 is a hydrocarbon or hydrocarbylene group of 1 to 24 carbon atoms, R 12 and R 13 are independently a hydrogen group, a hydrocarbon group of 1 to 24 carbon atoms or a hydrocarbylene group of 1 to 24 carbon atoms, n is 1 to 3, m is 1 to 50, and p is 1 to 50.

[0012] According to another embodiment, the present invention provides a method for reducing corrosion of a hybrid engine, which comprises lubricating and operating a hybrid engine with a lubricating oil composition comprising: (a) a major amount of an oil having lubricating viscosity; (b) one or more compounds containing a carboxylic acid functional group, an ester functional group or an acid anhydride functional group, represented by formula (I) or (II),

[0013]

[0014]

[0015] wherein each R 1 、R 2 、R 3 and R 4 is independently a hydrogen group, a hydrocarbon group or a hydrocarbylene group, each R 5 and R 6 is independently a hydrogen group, a hydrocarbon group or a hydrocarbylene group, wherein R 1 、R2 and R 3 and R 4 at least one of which is a hydrocarbyl or hydrocarbylene group; and (c) a polyalkoxylated hydrocarbyl phenol represented by formula (III) or (IV):

[0016]

[0017] wherein each R 7 is independently a hydrocarbyl or hydrocarbylene group of 1 to 250 carbon atoms, each R 8 and R 9 is independently a hydrogen group, a hydrocarbyl group of 1 to 6 carbon atoms or a hydrocarbylene group of 1 to 6 carbon atoms; R 10 is a hydrogen group, a hydrocarbyl group of 1 to 24 carbon atoms, a hydrocarbylene group of 1 to 24 carbon atoms or an acyl group represented by —C(═O)R 11 , R 11 is a hydrocarbyl or hydrocarbylene group of 1 to 24 carbon atoms, R 12 and R 13 are independently a hydrogen group, a hydrocarbyl group of 1 to 24 carbon atoms or a hydrocarbylene group of 1 to 24 carbon atoms, n is 1 to 3, m is 1 to 50, and p is 1 to 50.

[0018] According to yet another embodiment, the present invention provides a use of a lubricating oil composition comprising: (a) a major amount of an oil having lubricating viscosity; (b) one or more compounds containing a carboxylic acid functional group, an ester functional group or an acid anhydride functional group, represented by formula (I) or (II),

[0019]

[0020] wherein each R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 is independently a hydrogen group, a hydrocarbyl group or a hydrocarbylene group, each R 5 and R 6 is independently a hydrogen group, a hydrocarbyl group or a hydrocarbylene group, wherein at least one of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 is a hydrocarbyl or hydrocarbylene group; and (c) a polyalkoxylated hydrocarbyl phenol represented by formula (III) or (IV):

[0021]

[0022]

[0023] wherein each R7 an alkyl or alkylene group independently having from 1 to 250 carbon atoms, each R 8 and R 9 are independently a hydrogen group, an alkyl group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms or an alkylene group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms; R 10 is a hydrogen group, an alkyl group having from 1 to 24 carbon atoms, an alkylene group having from 1 to 24 carbon atoms or an acyl group represented by —C(═O)R 11 wherein R 11 is an alkyl or alkylene group having from 1 to 24 carbon atoms, R 12 and R 13 are independently a hydrogen group, an alkyl group having from 1 to 24 carbon atoms or an alkylene group having from 1 to 24 carbon atoms, n is from 1 to 3, m is from 1 to 50, and p is from 1 to 50, and wherein the lubricating oil composition reduces corrosion of the engine of a hybrid vehicle as determined by the JIS K2246 test method. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] Although the present disclosure is susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms, specific embodiments thereof are described in detail herein. However, it should be understood that the description of specific embodiments herein is not intended to limit the present disclosure to the particular forms disclosed, but on the contrary, is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the present disclosure as defined by the appended claims.

[0025] To facilitate understanding of the subject matter disclosed herein, many terms, abbreviations, or other shorthands used herein are defined below. Any term, abbreviation, or shorthand not defined shall be understood to have the ordinary meaning as used by those skilled in the art at the time of filing of the present application.

[0026] Definition

[0027] Unless expressly stated to the contrary, the following terms have the following meanings as used herein.

[0028] “Major amount” means more than 50% by weight of the composition.

[0029] “Minor amount” means less than 50% by weight of the composition, is expressed relative to the additive(s) specified and relative to the total mass of all additives present in the composition, and is calculated in the form of the active ingredient(s) of one or more additives.

[0030] “Active ingredient” or “active substance” or “oil-free” refers to an additive material that is not a diluent or solvent.

[0031] Unless otherwise stated, all percentages reported are weight % based on the active ingredient (i.e., without regard to carrier oil or diluent oil).

[0032] All ASTM standards mentioned in this document are the latest versions as of the filing date of this application.

[0033] The present invention provides a lubricating oil composition for an internal combustion engine, comprising:

[0034] a. A major amount of an oil having lubricating viscosity;

[0035] b. One or more compounds containing a carboxylic acid functional group, an ester functional group or an acid anhydride functional group, represented by formula (I) or (II),

[0036]

[0037]

[0038] wherein each R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 is independently a hydrogen group, a hydrocarbon group or a hydrocarbylene group, and each R 5 and R 6 is independently a hydrogen group, a hydrocarbon group or a hydrocarbylene group, wherein at least one of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 is a hydrocarbon or hydrocarbylene group; and

[0039] c. A polyalkoxylated hydrocarbyl phenol, represented by formula (III) or (IV):

[0040]

[0041] wherein each R 7 is independently a hydrocarbon or hydrocarbylene group having 1 to 250 carbon atoms, and each R 8 and R 9 is independently a hydrogen group, a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or a hydrocarbylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; R 10 is a hydrogen group, a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, a hydrocarbylene group having 1 to 24 carbon atoms or an acyl group represented by —C(═O)R 11 , R 11 is a hydrocarbon or hydrocarbylene group having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, and R 12 and R 13Independently a hydrogen group, a hydrocarbyl group of 1 to 24 carbon atoms, or a hydrocarbylene group of 1 to 24 carbon atoms, where n is 1 to 3, m is 1 to 50, and p is 1 to 50. The lubricating oil composition reduces corrosion of the engine of a hybrid vehicle. The reduction of corrosion can be determined by the modified JIS K2246 method (described in the examples).

[0042] The present invention provides a method for reducing corrosion of a hybrid engine, the method comprising lubricating and operating a hybrid engine with a lubricating oil composition comprising:

[0043] a. A major amount of an oil having lubricating viscosity;

[0044] b. One or more compounds containing a carboxylic acid functional group, an ester functional group, or an acid anhydride functional group, represented by formula (I) or (II),

[0045]

[0046] where each R 1 、R 2 、R 3 and R 4 is independently a hydrogen group, a hydrocarbyl group, or a hydrocarbylene group, each R 5 and R 6 is independently a hydrogen group, a hydrocarbyl group, or a hydrocarbylene group, where at least one of R 1 、R 2 、R 3 and R 4 is a hydrocarbyl or hydrocarbylene group; and

[0047] c. A polyalkoxylated hydrocarbyl phenol, represented by formula (III) or (IV):

[0048]

[0049] where each R 7 is independently a hydrocarbyl or hydrocarbylene group of 1 to 250 carbon atoms, each R 8 and R 9 is independently a hydrogen group, a hydrocarbyl group of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or a hydrocarbylene group of 1 to 6 carbon atoms; R 10 is a hydrogen group, a hydrocarbyl group of 1 to 24 carbon atoms, a hydrocarbylene group of 1 to 24 carbon atoms, or an acyl group represented by —C(═O)R 11 ; R 11 is a hydrocarbyl or hydrocarbylene group of 1 to 24 carbon atoms, R 12 and R 13Independently a hydrogen group, a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 24 carbon atoms or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, n is 1 to 3, m is 1 to 50, and p is 1 to 50. The reduction of corrosion can be determined by the JIS K2246 test as described in the examples.

[0050] There is also provided the use of a lubricating oil composition for lubricating an internal combustion engine, the lubricating oil composition comprising:

[0051] a. A major amount of an oil having lubricating viscosity;

[0052] b. One or more compounds containing a carboxylic acid functional group, an ester functional group or an acid anhydride functional group, which are represented by formula (I) or (II),

[0053]

[0054] wherein each R 1 、R 2 、R 3 and R 4 is independently a hydrogen group, a hydrocarbon group or a hydrocarbon group, and each R 5 and R 6 is independently a hydrogen group, a hydrocarbon group or a hydrocarbon group, wherein R 1 、R 2 、R 3 and R 4 at least one of them is a hydrocarbon group or a hydrocarbon group; and

[0055] c. A polyalkoxylated hydrocarbon phenol, which is represented by formula (III) or (IV):

[0056]

[0057]

[0058] wherein each R 7 is independently a hydrocarbon group or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 250 carbon atoms, and each R 8 and R 9 is independently a hydrogen group, a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; R 10 is a hydrogen group, a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 24 carbon atoms or an acyl group represented by —C(═O)R 11 ,R 11 is a hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon group having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, R 12 and R 13Independently a hydrogen group, a hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 24 carbon atoms or a hydrocarbylene group having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, n is from 1 to 3, m is from 1 to 50, and p is from 1 to 50, and wherein the lubricating oil composition reduces corrosion of the engine of a hybrid vehicle as determined by the JIS K2246 method.

[0059] Oil with lubricating viscosity

[0060] An oil having lubricating viscosity (sometimes referred to as "base stock" or "base oil") is the principal liquid component of a lubricant into which additives and possibly other oils are blended to produce the final lubricant (or lubricant composition). Base oils can be used to prepare concentrates and for preparing lubricating oil compositions therefrom, and can be selected from natural lubricating oils and synthetic lubricating oils and combinations thereof.

[0061] Natural oils include animal and vegetable oils, liquid petroleum stocks, and hydrorefined, solvent-treated mineral lubricating oils of the paraffinic, naphthenic, and mixed paraffinic-naphthenic types. Oils having lubricating viscosity derived from coal or shale are also useful base oils.

[0062] Synthetic lubricating oils include hydrocarbon oils such as polymerized and interpolymerized olefins (e.g., polybutene, polypropylene, propylene-isobutylene copolymer, chlorinated polybutene, poly(1-hexene), poly(1-octene), poly(1-decene)); alkylbenzenes (e.g., dodecylbenzene, tetradecylbenzene, dinonylbenzene, di(2-ethylhexyl)benzene); polyphenyls (e.g., biphenyl, terphenyl, alkylated polyphenyls); and alkylated diphenyl ethers and alkylated diphenyl sulfides and their derivatives, analogs, and homologs.

[0063] Another class of suitable synthetic lubricating oils includes esters of dibasic carboxylic acids (e.g., malonic acid, alkylmalonic acids, alkenylmalonic acids, succinic acid, alkylsuccinic acids and alkenylsuccinic acids, maleic acid, fumaric acid, azelaic acid, suberic acid, sebacic acid, adipic acid, dimerized linoleic acid, phthalic acid) with a variety of alcohols (e.g., butanol, hexanol, dodecanol, 2-ethylhexanol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol monoether, propylene glycol). Specific examples of these esters include dibutyl adipate, bis(2-ethylhexyl) sebacate, di-n-hexyl fumarate, dioctyl sebacate, diisooctyl azelate, diisodecyl azelate, dioctyl phthalate, didecyl phthalate, bis(2-ethylhexyl) dimerized linoleate, and a complex ester formed by reacting one mole of sebacic acid with two moles of tetraethylene glycol and two moles of 2-ethylhexanoic acid.

[0064] Esters useful as synthetic oils also include those prepared from C5 to C 12 monocarboxylic acids with polyols and polyol ethers such as neopentyl glycol, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, and tripentaerythritol.

[0065] The base oil can be derived from Fischer-Tropsch synthesized hydrocarbons. Fischer-Tropsch synthesized hydrocarbons are made from synthesis gas containing H2 and CO using a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst. Such hydrocarbons usually need to be further processed in order to be usable as base oils. For example, the hydrocarbons can be hydroisomerized using processes known to those skilled in the art; hydrocracked and hydroisomerized; dewaxed; or hydroisomerized and dewaxed.

[0066] Unrefined, refined, and re-refined oils can be used in the lubricating oil compositions of the present invention. Unrefined oils are those obtained directly from natural or synthetic sources without further purification treatment. For example, shale oil obtained directly from a dry distillation operation, petroleum oils obtained directly from distillation, or ester oils obtained directly from an esterification process and used without further treatment are unrefined oils. Refined oils are similar to unrefined oils, except that they have been further processed in one or more purification steps to improve one or more properties. Many such purification techniques such as distillation, solvent extraction, acid or base extraction, filtration, and percolation are known to those skilled in the art.

[0067] Re-refined oils are obtained by processes similar to those used to obtain refined oils and applied to refined oils that are already in use. Such re-refined oils are also known as regenerated oils or reprocessed oils and are often additionally processed by techniques for approving waste additives and oil decomposition products.

[0068] Thus, the base oils that can be used to prepare the lubricating oil compositions of the present invention can be selected from any of the Group I-V base oils specified in the American Petroleum Institute (API) Base Oil Interchangeability Guidelines (API Publication 1509). A summary of the groups of such base oils is shown in Table 1 below:

[0069] Table 1

[0070]

[0071] (a) Groups I-III are mineral oil base stocks.

[0072] (b) Determined according to ASTM D2007.

[0073] (c) Determined according to ASTM D2622, ASTM D3120, ASTM D4294, or ASTM D4927.

[0074] (d) Determined in accordance with ASTM D2270.

[0075] The base oils suitable for use herein are of any type corresponding to API Group II, Group III, Group IV, and Group V oils and combinations thereof, preferably Group III to Group V oils, as they have excellent volatility, stability, measured viscosity characteristics, and cleanliness characteristics.

[0076] The oil having a lubricating viscosity for use in the lubricating oil compositions of the present disclosure, also known as base oil, is typically present in a major amount (e.g., in an amount greater than 50 wt%, preferably greater than about 70 wt%, more preferably about 80 wt% to about 99.5 wt%, and most preferably about 85 wt% to about 98 wt% based on the total weight of the composition). As used herein, the expression "base oil" should be understood to mean a base stock or blend of base stocks that is a lubricant component, produced by a single manufacturer according to the same specifications (regardless of the feedstock source or the location of the manufacturer); that meets the same manufacturer specifications; and that is identified by a unique formula, product identification number, or both. The base oils suitable for use herein can be any currently known or later discovered oil having a lubricating viscosity for use in formulating lubricating oil compositions for any and all such applications, such as engine oils, marine cylinder oils, functional fluids such as hydraulic oils, gear oils, transmission fluids, etc. In addition, the base oils suitable for use herein can optionally contain: viscosity index improvers, such as polymeric alkyl methacrylates; olefin copolymers, such as ethylene - propylene copolymers or styrene - butadiene copolymers; etc., and mixtures thereof.

[0077] As will be readily understood by those skilled in the art, the viscosity of the base oil depends on the application. Thus, the viscosity of the base oils suitable for use herein typically ranges from about 2 to about 2000 centistokes (cSt) at 100 degrees Celsius (°C). Generally, individually, the base oils used as engine oils have a kinematic viscosity range at 100 °C of about 2 cSt to about 30 cSt, preferably about 3 cSt to about 16 cSt, and most preferably about 4 cSt to about 12 cSt, and will be selected or blended according to the desired end - use and the additives in the finished oil to obtain a lubricating oil composition of the desired grade, such as an engine oil having an SAE viscosity grade of 0W, 0W - 8, 0W - 12, 0W - 16, 0W - 20, 0W - 26, 0W - 30, 0W - 40, 0W - 50, 0W - 60, 5W, 5W - 20, 5W - 30, 5W - 40, 5W - 50, 5W - 60, 10W, 10W - 20, 10W - 30, 10W - 40, 10W - 50, 15W, 15W - 20, 15W - 30, 15W - 40, 30, 40, etc.

[0078] Carboxylic acid, ester and acid anhydride compounds

[0079] In one aspect, the present disclosure provides one or more compounds containing a carboxylic acid functional group, an ester functional group, or an acid anhydride functional group, which are represented by formula (I) or (II).

[0080]

[0081] where each R 1 、R 2 、R 3 and R 4 is independently a hydrogen group, a hydrocarbon group, or a sub-hydrocarbon group, and each R 5 and R 6 is a hydrogen group, a hydrocarbon group, or a sub-hydrocarbon group, wherein at least one of R 1 、R 2 、R 3 and R 4 is a hydrocarbon group or a sub-hydrocarbon group.

[0082] In one embodiment, for R 1 、R 2 、R 3 and R 4 the hydrocarbon and sub-hydrocarbon groups can independently be alkyl or sub-alkyl groups having 1 to 400 carbon atoms, such as 1 to 300 carbon atoms, 1 to 200 carbon atoms, 1 to 100 carbon atoms, 1 to 50 carbon atoms, 1 to 30 carbon atoms, or 1 to 25 carbon atoms. For R 1 、R 2 、R 3 and R 4 the alkyl or sub-alkyl groups contain a fatty acid moiety (i.e., those derived from fatty acids) or an isofatty acid moiety (e.g., those derived from 8-methyloctadecanoic acid). In one embodiment, at least one of R 1 、R 2 、R 3 and R 4 is a dodecenyl group. In one embodiment, at least one of R 1 、R 2 、R 3 and R 4 is an octadecenyl group. In one embodiment, at least one of R 1 、R 2 、R 3 and R 4 is a tetrapropenyl group.

[0083] In one embodiment, for R 5 and R 6The alkyl and alkylene groups described may have from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, such as from 1 to 25 carbon atoms, from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, from 1 to 15 carbon atoms, or from 1 to 10 carbon atoms.

[0084] Typically, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, one or more compounds containing carboxylic acid, ester, or acid anhydride may be present in the lubricating oil composition of the present disclosure in an amount ranging from about 0.05 wt% to about 3.0 wt%. In one embodiment, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, one or more compounds containing carboxylic acid, ester, or acid anhydride may be present in the lubricating oil composition of the present disclosure in an amount ranging from about 0.05 wt% to about 0.75 wt%. In one embodiment, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, one or more compounds containing carboxylic acid, ester, or acid anhydride may be present in the lubricating oil composition of the present disclosure in an amount ranging from about 0.05 wt% to about 0.50 wt%. In another embodiment, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, one or more compounds containing carboxylic acid, ester, or acid anhydride may be present in the lubricating oil composition of the present disclosure in an amount ranging from about 0.1 wt% to about 0.30 wt%.

[0085] Polyalkoxylated alkylphenol

[0086] In one aspect, the present disclosure provides one or more polyalkoxylated alkylphenols represented by formula (III) or (IV):

[0087]

[0088] where each R 7 is independently an alkyl or alkylene group having from 1 to 250 carbon atoms, each R 8 and R 9 are independently a hydrogen group, an alkyl group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or an alkylene group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms; R 10 is a hydrogen group, an alkyl group having from 1 to 24 carbon atoms, an alkylene group having from 1 to 24 carbon atoms, or an acyl group represented by —C(═O)R 11 where R 11 is an alkyl or alkylene group having from 1 to 24 carbon atoms, R 12 and R 13 are independently a hydrogen group, an alkyl group having from 1 to 24 carbon atoms, or an alkylene group having from 1 to 24 carbon atoms, n is from 1 to 3, m is from 1 to 50, and p is from 1 to 50.

[0089] Typically, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, one or more polyalkoxylated hydrocarbyl phenols may be present in the lubricating oil compositions of the present disclosure in an amount ranging from about 0.05 wt% to about 3.0 wt%. In one embodiment, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, one or more polyalkoxylated hydrocarbyl phenols may be present in the lubricating oil compositions of the present disclosure in an amount ranging from about 0.05 wt% to about 0.75 wt%. In one embodiment, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, one or more polyalkoxylated hydrocarbyl phenols may be present in the lubricating oil compositions of the present disclosure in an amount ranging from about 0.05 wt% to about 0.50 wt%. In another embodiment, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, one or more polyalkoxylated hydrocarbyl phenols may be present in the lubricating oil compositions of the present disclosure in an amount ranging from about 0.1 wt% to about 0.30 wt%.

[0090] Additional lubricating oil additive

[0091] The lubricating oil compositions of the present disclosure may also contain other conventional additives, which may impart desired properties to the lubricating oil compositions in which these additives are dispersed or dissolved or may improve the lubricating oil compositions. Any additives known to those of ordinary skill in the art may be used in the lubricating oil compositions disclosed herein. Some suitable additives are described in Mortier et al., “Chemistry and Technology of Lubricants”, 2nd Edition, London, Springer, (1996); and Leslie R. Rudnick, “Lubricant Additives: Chemistry and Applications”, New York, Marcel Dekker (2003), both of which are incorporated herein by reference. For example, the lubricating oil compositions may be blended with antioxidants, antiwear agents, detergents such as metal detergents, rust inhibitors, defogging agents, demulsifiers, metal deactivators, friction modifiers, pour point depressants, antifoaming agents, cosolvents, corrosion inhibitors, dispersants, multifunctional agents, dyes, extreme pressure agents, etc. and mixtures thereof. A variety of additives are known and commercially available. These additives or their analogous compounds may be used to prepare the lubricating oil compositions of the present disclosure by ordinary blending procedures.

[0092] In the preparation of lubricating oil formulations, it is common practice to introduce the additives in the form of a 10 wt% to 100 wt% active ingredient concentrate in a hydrocarbon oil (e.g., mineral lubricating oil) or other suitable solvent.

[0093] Typically, these concentrates can be diluted with 3 to 100 (e.g., 5 to 40) parts by weight of lubricating oil per part by weight of the additive package when forming the finished lubricant (e.g., crankcase motor oil). Of course, the purpose of the concentrate is to make the handling of the various materials less difficult and cumbersome and to facilitate dissolution or dispersion in the final blend.

[0094] When used, each of the foregoing additives is used in a functionally effective amount to impart the desired properties to the lubricant. Thus, for example, if the additive is a friction modifier, the functionally effective amount of the friction modifier should be an amount sufficient to impart the desired friction modification characteristics to the lubricant.

[0095] Typically, when used, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, the concentration of each additive in the lubricating oil composition can range from about 0.001 wt% to about 20 wt%, from about 0.01 wt% to about 15 wt%, or from about 0.1 wt% to about 10 wt%, from about 0.005 wt% to about 5 wt% or from about 0.1 wt% to about 2.5 wt%. In addition, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, the total amount of additives in the lubricating oil composition can range from about 0.001 wt% to about 20 wt%, from about 0.01 wt% to about 10 wt% or from about 0.1 wt% to about 5 wt%.

[0096] The following examples are presented to illustrate embodiments of the present disclosure but are not intended to limit the present disclosure to the specific embodiments shown. Unless otherwise indicated, all parts and percentages are by weight. All numerical values are approximate. When a numerical range is given, it should be understood that embodiments outside the stated range may still fall within the scope of the present disclosure. The specific details described in each example should not be construed as essential features of the present disclosure.

[0097] It should be understood that various modifications can be made to the embodiments disclosed herein. Therefore, the above description should not be construed as restrictive but only as illustrative of the preferred embodiments. For example, the functions described above and implemented as the best mode for operating the present disclosure are for illustrative purposes only. Those skilled in the art can implement other arrangements and methods without departing from the scope and spirit of the present disclosure. In addition, those skilled in the art will envision other modifications within the scope and spirit of the appended claims.

[0098] Examples

[0099] The following examples are intended for illustrative purposes only and do not limit the scope of the present disclosure in any way.

[0100] The lubricating oil was evaluated by the Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) K2246 test, which has been slightly modified for hybrid vehicle lubricants.

[0101] The JIS K2246 test involves coating test piece samples with the test oil and examining the rusting on the test samples. In the modified JIS K2246 test, the test piece samples are coated with a mixture containing the test oil and distilled water. Table 2 summarizes the JIS K2246 test results.

[0102] The test piece samples were placed in a humidity cabinet at 49 °C with a relative humidity (RH) above 95% and left to stand for 72 hours. The test evaluates the ability of the oil to prevent rusting of metal materials or metal products mainly composed of iron and steel. The ASTM D1748 test (humidity cabinet rust test) is conducted in a similar manner. The rating is 15 or lower.

[0103] A mixture containing the test oil and distilled water was prepared according to the following steps:

[0104] 1. Mix 30 ml of distilled water with 270 ml of the test oil in a plastic container.

[0105] 2. Transfer the mixture of the test oil and distilled water to a 500 ml container.

[0106] 3. Stir the mixture containing the test oil and distilled water on the day of the JIS K2246 test, and then hand-shake for 30 seconds.

[0107] 4. Heat the test oil in a convection oven at 70 °C for 30 min.

[0108] 5. After 30 minutes, remove the test oil from the oven and allow the test oil to cool to room temperature.

[0109] 6. Just before immersing the test samples in the test oil, hand-shake the test oil again for 30 seconds.

[0110] 7. Start the JIS K2246 test.

[0111] Baseline

[0112] A lubricating oil composition was prepared, which contains a major amount of Group III base oil having lubricating viscosity and the following additives to obtain a finished oil with a viscosity grade of 0W - 20:

[0113] (1) 250 ppm of a boricated succinimide dispersant based on boron content;

[0114] (2) 1600 ppm of a high - alkaline calcium sulfonate detergent based on calcium content;

[0115] (3) A mixture of about 2:1 of zinc primary dialkyldithiophosphate and zinc secondary dithiophosphate, calculated on the basis of phosphorus content, of 770 ppm;

[0116] (4) An alkylated diphenylamine antioxidant;

[0117] (5) A silicone-based antifoaming agent;

[0118] (6) An olefin copolymer (OCP) viscosity modifier; and

[0119] (7) A polymethacrylate pour point depressant.

[0120] Carboxylic acids, esters, acid anhydrides (Compound A)

[0121] Compound A is tetrapropenyl succinic acid.

[0122] Polyalkoxylated alkyl phenol (Compound B)

[0123] Compound B is ethoxylated dodecyl phenol.

[0124] Compound C

[0125] Compound C has the trade name 4313 of thiazole.

[0126] Compound D

[0127] Compound D is the terephthalate of bis-succinimide.

[0128] Compound E

[0129] Compound E is a secondary alcohol that has been ethoxylated.

[0130] Compound F

[0131] Compound F is polypropylene glycol with an MW of approximately 2000 g / mol.

[0132] Compound G

[0133] Compound G is diisodecyl adipate.

[0134] Compound H

[0135] Compound H is the C8-C 10 fatty acid ester of trimethylolpropane.

[0136] Compound I

[0137] Compound I is dipropylene glycol dibenzoate.

[0138] Example 1

[0139] Add 0.1% by weight of Compound A and 0.1% by weight of Compound B to the formulation baseline.

[0140] Example 2

[0141] Add 0.1% by weight of Compound A and 0.2% by weight of Compound B to the formulation baseline.

[0142] Example 3

[0143] Add 0.2% by weight of Compound A and 0.1% by weight of Compound B to the formulation baseline.

[0144] Example 4

[0145] Add 0.2% by weight of Compound A and 0.2% by weight of Compound B to the formulation baseline.

[0146] Comparative Example 1

[0147] Add 0.1% by weight of Compound A to the formulation baseline.

[0148] Comparative Example 2

[0149] Add 0.2% by weight of Compound A to the formulation baseline.

[0150] Comparative Example 3

[0151] Add 0.1% by weight of Compound B to the formulation baseline.

[0152] Comparative Example 4

[0153] Add 0.1% by weight of Compound C and 0.1% by weight of Compound B to the formulation baseline.

[0154] Comparative Example 5

[0155] Add 0.1% by weight of Compound D and 0.1% by weight of Compound B to the formulation baseline.

[0156] Comparative Example 6

[0157] Add 0.1% by weight of Compound E and 0.1% by weight of Compound B to the formulation baseline.

[0158] Comparative Example 7

[0159] Add 0.1% by weight of Compound F and 0.1% by weight of Compound B to the formulation baseline.

[0160] Comparative Example 8

[0161] Add 0.1% by weight of Compound G and 0.1% by weight of Compound B to the formulation baseline.

[0162] Comparative Example 9

[0163] Add 0.1% by weight of Compound H and 0.1% by weight of Compound B to the formulation baseline.

[0164] Comparative Example 10

[0165] Add 0.1% by weight of Compound I and 0.1% by weight of Compound B to the formulation baseline.

[0166] Comparative Example 11

[0167] Add 0.1% by weight of Compound J and 0.1% by weight of Compound B to the formulation baseline.

[0168] Table 2

[0169] JIS K2246* Baseline 1 28 Example 1 9 Example 2 5 Example 3 4 Example 4 2 Comparative Example 1 29 Comparative Example 2 15 Comparative Example 3 40 Comparative Example 4 21 Comparative Example 5 33 Comparative Example 6 26 Comparative Example 7 23 Comparative Example 8 27 Comparative Example 9 28 Comparative Example 10 26 Comparative Example 11 25

[0170] *Average of three tests

[0171] All documents described herein are incorporated herein by reference, including any priority documents and / or test procedures, to the extent that they are not inconsistent with the present text. As is clear from the foregoing general description and specific embodiments, various modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. Accordingly, the present disclosure is not intended to be limited thereby.

[0172] For the sake of brevity, only certain ranges are explicitly disclosed herein. However, ranges starting from any lower limit can be combined with any upper limit to enumerate ranges not explicitly enumerated, and ranges starting from any lower limit can be combined with any other lower limit to enumerate ranges not explicitly enumerated, in the same way, ranges starting from any upper limit can be combined with any other upper limit to enumerate ranges not explicitly enumerated. In addition, every point or single value between its endpoints is included within the range, even if not explicitly enumerated. Thus, each point or single value itself can serve as a lower limit or an upper limit to be combined with any other point or single value or any other lower limit or upper limit in order to enumerate ranges not explicitly enumerated.

[0173] Similarly, the term "comprising" is considered synonymous with the term "including". Similarly, whenever a composition, element, or group of elements is preceded by the transitional phrase "comprising", it is to be understood that the same composition or group of elements preceded by the transitional phrases "consisting essentially of", "consisting of", "selected from the group consisting of", or "is" is also contemplated, and vice versa.

[0174] As used herein, the terms "a" and "the" are to be understood to cover both the plural and the singular.

[0175] Various terms have been defined above. If a term used in a claim is not defined above, the broadest definition given to that term by one of ordinary skill in the relevant art, as reflected in at least one printed publication or issued patent, should be given. In addition, all patents, test procedures, and other documents cited in this application are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety to the extent that such disclosure is not inconsistent with this application and for all jurisdictions in which such incorporation is permitted.

[0176] The foregoing description of the disclosure explains and describes the disclosure. In addition, the disclosure has been shown and described only in preferred embodiments, but as noted above, it is to be understood that the disclosure is capable of being used in various other combinations, modifications, and environments and is capable of changes or modifications commensurate with the above teachings and / or the skill or knowledge of the relevant art within the scope of the concepts as expressed herein. Although the foregoing relates to embodiments of the disclosure, other and additional embodiments of the disclosure may be envisioned without departing from the basic scope of the disclosure, and the scope of the disclosure is determined by the appended claims.

[0177] It should be understood that when combinations, subsets, groups, etc. of elements are disclosed (e.g., combinations of components in a composition or combinations of steps in a method), each and every specific reference to each of the various individual and collective combinations and permutations of these elements is specifically contemplated and described herein, even though each may not be explicitly disclosed.

[0178] The embodiments described above are also intended to explain the best mode of practicing it and to enable one of ordinary skill in the art to utilize the disclosure in such or other embodiments and to make various modifications as are required for a particular application or use. Accordingly, the description is not intended to limit it to the form disclosed herein. Additionally, the appended claims are intended to be understood to include alternative embodiments.

Claims

1. An internal combustion engine lubricating oil composition, comprising: a. A major amount of an oil having lubricating viscosity; b. One or more compounds containing a carboxylic acid functional group, an ester functional group, or an acid anhydride functional group, represented by formula (I) or (II), where each R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 is independently a hydrogen group, a hydrocarbon group or a hydrocarbylene group, where each R 5 and R 6 is independently a hydrogen group, a hydrocarbon group or a hydrocarbylene group, where at least one of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 is a hydrocarbon or hydrocarbylene group; and c. A polyalkoxylated hydrocarbyl phenol, represented by formula (III) or (IV): where each R 7 is independently a hydrocarbyl or hydrocarbylene group of 1 to 250 carbon atoms, each R 8 and R 9 are independently a hydrogen group, a hydrocarbyl group of 1 to 6 carbon atoms or a hydrocarbylene group of 1 to 6 carbon atoms; R 10 is a hydrogen group, a hydrocarbyl group of 1 to 24 carbon atoms, a hydrocarbylene group of 1 to 24 carbon atoms or an acyl group represented by —C(═O)R 11 wherein R 11 is a hydrocarbyl or hydrocarbylene group of 1 to 24 carbon atoms, R 12 and R 13 are independently a hydrogen group, a hydrocarbyl group of 1 to 24 carbon atoms or a hydrocarbylene group of 1 to 24 carbon atoms, n is 1 to 3, m is 1 to 50, and p is 1 to 50.

2. The lubricating oil composition according to claim 1, wherein, as determined by the JIS K2246 test, the lubricating oil reduces corrosion of the engine of a hybrid vehicle, wherein the JIS K2246 measures rusting of metal parts in a test fluid.

3. The lubricating oil composition according to claim 2, wherein the test fluid contains water.

4. The lubricating oil composition according to claim 3, wherein the test fluid contains about 10% by volume of water.

5. The lubricating oil composition according to claim 1, wherein, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, the one or more compounds containing a carboxylic acid functional group, an ester functional group, or an acid anhydride functional group are present in an amount ranging from about 0.05% to about 3.0% by weight.

6. The lubricating oil composition according to claim 1, wherein, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, the polyalkoxylated hydrocarbyl phenol is present in an amount ranging from about 0.05% to about 3.0% by weight.

7. The lubricating oil composition according to claim 1, further comprising an antioxidant, an antiwear agent, a detergent, a rust inhibitor, a defogging agent, a demulsifier, a metal deactivator, a friction modifier, a pour point depressant, an antifoaming agent, a co-solvent, a corrosion inhibitor, a dispersant, a multifunctional agent, a dye, or an extreme pressure agent.

8. A method for reducing corrosion of a hybrid engine, the method comprising lubricating and operating a hybrid engine with a lubricating oil composition, the lubricating oil composition comprising: a. A major amount of an oil having lubricating viscosity; b. One or more compounds containing a carboxylic acid functional group, an ester functional group, or an acid anhydride functional group, represented by formula (I) or (II), where each R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 is independently a hydrogen group, a hydrocarbon group or a hydrocarbylene group, and each R 5 and R 6 is independently a hydrogen group, a hydrocarbon group or a hydrocarbylene group, where at least one of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 is a hydrocarbon or hydrocarbylene group; and c. A polyalkoxylated hydrocarbyl phenol, represented by formula (III) or (IV): wherein each R 7 independently is a hydrocarbyl or hydrocarbylene group of 1 to 250 carbon atoms, each R 8 and R 9 independently is a hydrogen group, a hydrocarbyl group of 1 to 6 carbon atoms or a hydrocarbylene group of 1 to 6 carbon atoms; R 10 is a hydrogen group, a hydrocarbyl group of 1 to 24 carbon atoms, a hydrocarbylene group of 1 to 24 carbon atoms or an acyl group represented by —C(═O)R 11 , R 11 is a hydrocarbyl or hydrocarbylene group of 1 to 24 carbon atoms, R 12 and R 13 independently are a hydrogen group, a hydrocarbyl group of 1 to 24 carbon atoms or a hydrocarbylene group of 1 to 24 carbon atoms, n is 1 to 3, m is 1 to 50, and p is 1 to 50.

9. The method according to claim 8, wherein, as determined by the JIS K2246 test, the lubricating oil reduces corrosion of the engine of a hybrid vehicle, wherein the JIS K2246 measures rusting of metal parts in a test fluid.

10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the test fluid contains water.

11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the test fluid contains about 10% by volume of water.

12. The method according to claim 8, wherein the lubricating oil further comprises an antioxidant, an antiwear agent, a detergent, a rust inhibitor, a defogging agent, a demulsifier, a metal deactivator, a friction modifier, a pour point depressant, an antifoaming agent, a co-solvent, a corrosion inhibitor, a dispersant, a multifunctional agent, a dye, or an extreme pressure agent.

13. The method according to claim 8, wherein, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, the one or more compounds containing a carboxylic acid functional group, an ester functional group, or an acid anhydride functional group are present in an amount ranging from about 0.05% to about 3.0% by weight.

14. The method according to claim 8, wherein, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, the polyalkoxylated hydrocarbyl phenol is present in an amount ranging from about 0.05 wt% to about 3.0 wt%.

15. A method for improving the ability of a lubricating oil contaminated with water and fuel to reduce corrosion of a hybrid engine, the method comprising lubricating and operating the engine with the lubricating oil composition according to claim 1.

16. A method for reducing corrosion of a lubricating oil for a hybrid engine, which comprises lubricating and operating a hybrid engine with the lubricant composition according to claim 1.

17. A method for reducing corrosion and / or rusting of a hybrid engine, which comprises: a. providing the lubricating oil composition according to claim 1; b. lubricating the hybrid engine with the composition, and c. operating the engine.

18. Use of a lubricating oil composition comprising: a. a major amount of an oil having lubricating viscosity; b. one or more compounds containing a carboxylic acid functional group, an ester functional group or an acid anhydride functional group, which are represented by formula (I) or (II), where each R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 is independently a hydrogen group, a hydrocarbyl group or a hydrocarbylene group, and each R 5 and R 6 is independently a hydrogen group, a hydrocarbyl group or a hydrocarbylene group, where at least one of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 is a hydrocarbyl or hydrocarbylene group; and c. a polyalkoxylated hydrocarbyl phenol, which is represented by formula (III) or (IV): wherein each R 7 is independently a hydrocarbyl or hydrocarbylene group having 1 to 250 carbon atoms, each R 8 and R 9 are independently a hydrogen group, a hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or a hydrocarbylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; R 10 is a hydrogen group, a hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, a hydrocarbylene group having 1 to 24 carbon atoms or an acyl group represented by —C(═O)R 11 , R 11 is a hydrocarbyl or hydrocarbylene group having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, R 12 and R 13 are independently a hydrogen group, a hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 24 carbon atoms or a hydrocarbylene group having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, n is 1 to 3, m is 1 to 50, and p is 1 to 50, and wherein the lubricating oil composition reduces corrosion of the engine of a hybrid vehicle as determined by the JIS K2246 test method.

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