Dam surface bidirectional displacement monitoring method and device

Abstract

The invention provides a dam surface bidirectional displacement monitoring method and device, and relates to the technical field of engineering deformation monitoring. The method comprises the following steps: arranging a level gauge at a first working base point, and aiming at a fixed beacon at a second working base point to establish a horizontal collimation line; installing a bidirectional movable beacon at a current monitoring point, observing and adjusting a tracking centering plate of the bidirectional movable beacon through a level gauge, and enabling a centering reference point of the tracking centering plate to be located on a horizontal collimation line; then acquiring the horizontal position and the vertical position of the tracking centering plate, and determining the horizontal displacement and the vertical displacement of the current monitoring point relative to each working base point based on the corresponding position data; high-cost equipment is not needed, and high-precision monitoring of the horizontal displacement and the vertical displacement of the surface of the dam can be achieved at the same time through the level gauge.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the technical field of engineering deformation monitoring, and in particular, to a method and device for monitoring the two-way displacement of the surface of a dam. Background Art

[0002] Currently, total stations are often used in the surface deformation monitoring of dams to obtain the three-dimensional coordinates of the dam surface, so as to obtain the three-dimensional displacement of the dam body in space. However, the total station equipment has a high price, a complex system structure, and cumbersome on-site deployment and data processing processes, and is not applicable to all scenarios. To reduce the use cost, simplified technical paths such as the collimation method are introduced in some engineering practices, such as the sighting line method, the laser collimation method, etc., and displacement observation is assisted by establishing an optical reference line. Although these methods have certain accuracy and application flexibility, they still rely on special instruments, and in temporary, local or simplified monitoring tasks, there are deficiencies such as strong equipment dependence, inconvenient use, and high requirements for environmental conditions.

[0003] In addition, in the case where only the horizontal displacement and vertical displacement of the measuring point need to be obtained, the existing technologies mostly rely on different instruments to complete separately, and it is difficult to balance the requirements of efficiency and accuracy. Especially in the case where special equipment such as theodolites or total stations is lacking on site, how to quickly deploy, conveniently operate and reliably obtain two-way displacement information on the premise of ensuring the observation accuracy is still one of the technical difficulties in engineering practice.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a displacement monitoring solution with a simple structure and applicable to scenarios lacking equipment to meet the actual application needs of the surface of structures such as dams under special monitoring conditions.

[0005] It should be noted that the information disclosed in the above background art section is only used to enhance the understanding of the background of the present disclosure, and thus may include information that does not constitute the prior art known to those of ordinary skill in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the embodiments of the present disclosure is to provide a method and system for monitoring the two-way displacement of the surface of a dam, so as to at least to a certain extent solve the problem in the related technologies that it is impossible to accurately obtain the two-way displacement of the surface of a dam in a scenario lacking equipment.

[0007] According to the first aspect of the embodiments of the present disclosure, a method for monitoring the two-way displacement of the surface of a dam is provided, including: A level is arranged at the first working base point, and the level is aimed at the fixed sighting target arranged at the second working base point to establish a horizontal sighting line; A two-way movable sighting target is installed at the current monitoring point, and the tracking centering plate of the two-way movable sighting target is observed and adjusted through the level, so that the centering reference point of the tracking centering plate is located on the horizontal sighting line; After alignment, obtain the horizontal and vertical positions of the tracking alignment target, and determine the horizontal displacement and vertical displacement of the current monitoring point relative to each of the working reference points based on the corresponding position data.

[0008] In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the step of observing and adjusting the tracking alignment target of the two-way movable sighting target through the level to make the alignment reference point of the tracking alignment target located on the horizontal line of sight includes: Observe the visual feedback area set in the tracking alignment target through the level; Determine the relative position deviation between the alignment midpoint reference of the tracking alignment target and the horizontal line of sight according to the current position of the visual feedback area; Based on the relative position deviation, adjust the position of the tracking alignment target of the two-way movable sighting target until the horizontal alignment reference line and the vertical alignment reference line of the tracking alignment target coincide with the horizontal line and the vertical line of the crosshair of the level respectively, so that the alignment reference point of the tracking alignment target is located on the horizontal line of sight.

[0009] In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the two-way movable sighting target includes a horizontal moving device and a vertical moving device; The step of adjusting the position of the tracking alignment target of the two-way movable sighting target based on the relative position deviation includes: Based on the relative position deviation, drive the tracking alignment target support frame to move horizontally through the horizontal moving device, and drive the tracking alignment target support frame to move vertically through the vertical moving device, so as to adjust the position of the tracking alignment target fixed on the tracking alignment target support frame; Wherein, both the horizontal moving device and the vertical moving device adopt screw drive mechanisms.

[0010] In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the step of obtaining the horizontal and vertical positions of the tracking alignment target and determining the horizontal displacement and vertical displacement of the current monitoring point relative to each of the working reference points based on the corresponding position data includes: Read the current horizontal position data of the tracking alignment target on the horizontal scale and the current vertical position data on the vertical scale; wherein, the horizontal scale and the vertical scale are arranged on the two-way movable sighting target; Compare the current horizontal position data and the current vertical position data with the corresponding horizontal reference value and vertical reference value respectively to obtain the horizontal displacement and vertical displacement of the current monitoring point relative to each of the working reference points.

[0011] In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the step of comparing the current horizontal position data and the current vertical position data with the corresponding horizontal reference value and vertical reference value respectively to obtain the horizontal displacement and vertical displacement of the current monitoring point relative to each of the working reference points includes: Calculating the difference between the current horizontal position data and the horizontal reference value at the initial measurement to obtain the horizontal displacement of the current monitoring point relative to each of the working reference points; Calculating the difference between the current vertical position data and the vertical reference value at the initial measurement to obtain the vertical displacement of the current monitoring point relative to each of the working reference points.

[0012] In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the two-way movable target includes a movable target base; The step of installing the two-way movable target at the current monitoring point includes: Fixing the two-way movable target to the bracket arranged at the current monitoring point through a forced centering base; Connecting the forced centering base and the movable target base through a leveling stud arranged on the forced centering base, and adjusting the leveling stud to make the movable target base in a horizontal state.

[0013] In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, a leveling bubble is arranged on the movable target base; The step of adjusting the leveling stud to make the movable target base in a horizontal state includes: Adjusting the height of the leveling stud to adjust the leveling bubble to the center position so that the movable target base is in a horizontal state.

[0014] In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the step of aiming the level at the fixed target arranged at the second working reference point to establish a horizontal sight line includes: Rotating the level to make the first pair of centering lines of the level coincide with the second pair of centering lines of the fixed target; After the first pair of centering lines and the second pair of centering lines coincide, fixing the level to establish the horizontal sight line according to the currently coincident centering lines.

[0015] In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, before establishing the horizontal sight line, it includes: Leveling the level arranged at the first working reference point and the fixed target arranged at the second working reference point respectively.

[0016] According to the second aspect of the embodiments of the present disclosure, there is provided a dam surface two-way displacement monitoring device, including: A level is installed at the first working reference point and is used to aim at the fixed target installed at the second working reference point to establish a horizontal sight line. The fixed target is installed at the second working reference point and is used for the level to aim at to determine the direction of the horizontal sight line. A two-way movable target is installed at the current monitoring point, and the two-way movable target is provided with a tracking centering plate. The target centering module is used to observe and adjust the tracking centering plate through the level, so that the centering reference point of the tracking centering plate is located on the horizontal sight line. The displacement acquisition module is used to obtain the horizontal position and vertical position of the tracking centering plate after centering, and determine the horizontal displacement and vertical displacement of the current monitoring point relative to each of the working reference points based on the corresponding position data.

[0017] The technical solution provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure may include the following beneficial effects: In the dam surface two-way displacement monitoring method provided by the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, first, a level is used instead of a traditional total station or theodolite to establish a horizontal sight line for displacement monitoring, significantly reducing the dependence on high-cost measuring equipment, and having good economy and on-site applicability. The level has a simple structure and is convenient to debug, and can complete the construction of the monitoring baseline without a complex supporting system, and is suitable for working conditions with limited equipment resources; second, by arranging a two-way movable target at the monitoring point and setting a tracking centering plate with a visible centering reference line, the operator can directly observe the offset state of the target within the field of view of the level, and perform fine centering in the horizontal and vertical directions in combination with the visual feedback information. This design simplifies the judgment basis for the centering process, improves the intuitiveness and adjustment efficiency of on-site operations, and avoids error accumulation caused by instrument direction switching or complex calculations. In addition, the overall monitoring process does not rely on external power sources or electronic acquisition systems, has good field operation capabilities, and is particularly suitable for scenarios with complex terrains such as dams and slopes and indefinite monitoring periods. Its structural combination is compact and the adjustment means are flexible, which helps to quickly deploy and remove, improving the efficiency and operability of temporary monitoring in short periods and local areas. Generally speaking, the present disclosure realizes reliable measurement of the horizontal and vertical displacements of the monitoring points on the dam surface without the need for high-precision total stations or theodolites, and has multiple advantages such as simple structure, economic applicability, flexible deployment, intuitive operation, and high monitoring accuracy, and is suitable for wide promotion and application at the engineering site.

[0018] It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are only exemplary and explanatory, and cannot limit the present disclosure. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0019] The accompanying drawings here are incorporated into the specification and form a part of this specification, showing embodiments consistent with the present disclosure, and are used together with the specification to explain the principles of the present disclosure. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present disclosure, and those of ordinary skill in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0020] Figure 1 The flowchart shows a method for monitoring two-way displacement on the surface of a dam in an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0021] Figure 2 The schematic diagram shows the principle of a method for monitoring two-way displacement on the surface of a dam in an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0022] Figure 3 The schematic diagram shows the structure of a two-way movable sighting target from the first perspective in an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0023] Figure 4 The schematic diagram shows the structure of a two-way movable sighting target from the second perspective in an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0024] Figure 5 The schematic diagram shows the structure of a two-way movable sighting target from the third perspective in an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0025] Figure 6 The schematic diagram shows a tracking centering plate in an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0026] Figure 7 The schematic diagram shows another tracking centering plate in an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0027] Figure 8 The schematic diagram shows a device for monitoring two-way displacement on the surface of a dam in an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0028] Explanation of reference numerals: 1. Level; 2. First working reference point; 3. Horizontal sight line; 4. First monitoring point; 5. Bidirectional movable sighting target; 6. Sighting target base; 7. First moving distance; 8. Second monitoring point; 9. Second moving distance; 10. Fixed sighting target; 11. Second working reference point; 12. Forced centering base; 13. Leveling stud; 14. Movable sighting target base; 15. Leveling bubble; 16. Rotating adjustment base; 17. Horizontal moving device; 18. Horizontal moving knob; 19. Horizontal moving groove; 20. Horizontally fixed scale; 21. Horizontally movable scale; 22. Tracking centering plate support frame; 23. Vertical moving knob; 24. Vertical moving device; 25. Tracking centering plate; 26. Vertically fixed scale; 27. Vertically movable scale; 28. Vertical moving groove; 29. First area of the tracking centering plate; 30. Second area of the tracking centering plate; 31. Third area of the tracking centering plate; 32. Fourth area of the tracking centering plate; 33. Horizontal centering reference line; 34. Vertical centering reference line; 35. Centering reference point.

[0029] In the drawings, the same or corresponding reference numerals denote the same or corresponding parts. Detailed implementation manners

[0030] The terms used in this specification are for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and are not intended to limit this specification. The singular forms "a", "the", and "said" used in this specification and the appended claims are also intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term "and / or" as used herein refers to and encompasses any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0031] It should be understood that although the terms first, second, third, etc. may be used in this specification to describe various information, such information should not be limited to these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish the same type of information from each other. For example, without departing from the scope of this specification, the first information may also be referred to as the second information, and similarly, the second information may also be referred to as the first information. Depending on the context, the word "if" as used herein may be interpreted as "when" or "while" or "in response to determining".

[0032] The embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method for monitoring the bidirectional displacement of the dam surface. Referring to Figure 1 as shown, the method may include steps S110 to S130: Step S110, arranging a level at the first working reference point and aiming the level at the fixed sighting target arranged at the second working reference point to establish a horizontal sight line; Step S120: Install a two-way movable sighting target at the current monitoring point. Observe and adjust the tracking centering plate of the two-way movable sighting target through the level to make the centering reference point of the tracking centering plate lie on the horizontal line of sight. Step S130: After centering, obtain the horizontal and vertical positions of the tracking centering plate, and determine the horizontal displacement and vertical displacement of the current monitoring point relative to each of the working reference points based on the corresponding position data.

[0033] When implementing the dam surface two-way displacement monitoring method provided by the present disclosure, first, a level is used instead of a traditional total station or theodolite to establish a horizontal line of sight for displacement monitoring, significantly reducing the dependence on high-cost measuring equipment and having good economy and on-site applicability. The level has a simple structure and is convenient to debug, and can complete the construction of the monitoring baseline without a complex supporting system, being suitable for working conditions with limited equipment resources. Second, by arranging a two-way movable sighting target at the monitoring point and setting a tracking centering plate with a visible centering reference line, the operator can directly observe the offset state of the sighting target within the field of view of the level and perform fine centering in the horizontal and vertical directions in combination with visual feedback information. This design simplifies the judgment basis for the centering process, improves the intuitiveness and adjustment efficiency of on-site operations, and avoids error accumulation caused by instrument direction switching or complex calculations. In addition, the overall monitoring process does not rely on external power sources or electronic acquisition systems, has good field operation capabilities, and is particularly suitable for scenarios with complex terrains such as dams and slopes and indefinite monitoring periods. Its structural combination is compact and the adjustment means are flexible, which helps to quickly deploy and remove, improving the efficiency and operability of temporary monitoring in short cycles and local areas. Generally speaking, the present disclosure realizes reliable measurement of the horizontal and vertical displacements of the dam surface monitoring points without the need for high-precision total stations or theodolites, and has multiple advantages such as simple structure, economic applicability, flexible deployment, intuitive operation, and high monitoring accuracy, being suitable for wide promotion and application at the engineering site.

[0034] Next, the dam surface two-way displacement monitoring method in this exemplary embodiment will be described in detail.

[0035] In step S110, a level is arranged at the first working reference point, and the level is aimed at the fixed sighting target arranged at the second working reference point to establish a horizontal line of sight.

[0036] In the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the level is an optical measuring instrument with the ability to output a stable horizontal line of sight, used to provide a stable horizontal collimation line, which is a key reference device in the entire monitoring system. The first working benchmark, as the installation location of the level, should be selected at a location with good visibility and a stable foundation to ensure that the line of sight of the level can cover the area to be measured and sight the second working benchmark. The level can provide an optical reference line parallel to the ground plane through the center line of the crosshairs output by the telescope. The second working benchmark is set at a location with good visibility conditions between it and the first working benchmark, and is used to install a fixed target. The fixed target is an observation target with stable structure and not participating in the adjustment.

[0037] By sighting the fixed target with the level, a directional horizontal collimation line is established, providing a unified centering reference benchmark for the subsequent displacement observation of the monitoring points. It ensures the direction consistency and measurement accuracy of the entire measurement system, and is the basis for subsequent displacement determination of the monitoring points.

[0038] Exemplarily, when sighting the fixed warship with the level, by rotating the level, the first centering line of the level is made to coincide with the second centering line of the fixed target. After the first centering line and the second centering line coincide, the level is fixed to establish a horizontal collimation line according to the currently coincident centering lines.

[0039] Specifically, first, the telescope of the level needs to be rotated towards the direction of the fixed target and finely adjusted so that the first centering line of the level precisely coincides with the second centering line set on the fixed target. Among them, the first centering line refers to the center line of the crosshairs in the field of view of the level telescope, representing the direction of the collimation axis of the level. The second centering line is a reference line set on the fixed target, used for reference centering when the line of sight of the level sights. Through this centering operation, the horizontal line of sight direction of the level can be made consistent with the fixed target, clarifying the direction of the collimation line.

[0040] After the first centering line and the second centering line coincide, the operator locks the direction of the level, that is, fixes the rotation direction and elevation angle settings of the level to ensure that the horizontal collimation line remains unchanged during subsequent observations. At this time, the horizontal line of sight output by the level is the established horizontal collimation line. This collimation line not only has consistency in the horizontal direction but also has uniqueness in the spatial direction, and can provide an accurate and unified reference benchmark for the subsequent centering adjustment of the monitoring points.

[0041] The horizontal collimation line established in the embodiments of the present disclosure has the advantage of not requiring external distance measurement or high-precision angle measurement devices, and can provide a stable measurement benchmark under simple equipment conditions, ensuring the repeatability and accuracy of the displacement monitoring system under low-cost and high-operability conditions.

[0042] In addition, before establishing the horizontal sight line, the level instrument installed at the first working reference point and the fixed target installed at the second working reference point need to be leveled respectively to ensure the accuracy of the horizontal sight line and the system measurement accuracy.

[0043] Leveling the level instrument means that after the level instrument is installed, by adjusting the leveling screws at the bottom of the instrument or using the built-in automatic leveling mechanism, the bubble of the level tube inside the instrument is centered, so as to ensure that the optical axis of the level instrument is in a truly horizontal state. This leveling process is related to whether the horizontal sight line output by the level instrument has a true horizontal property. If the instrument is not leveled or the leveling error is large, the formed sight line will have an inclination deviation, affecting the centering judgment of the subsequent monitoring points and the accuracy of displacement calculation.

[0044] The fixed target is provided with a support base or a mounting bracket. For example, the target body can be adjusted to a horizontal state by adjusting the leveling studs on the bracket. After leveling, the reference line of the target is in a standard posture, which can accurately mark the target position and improve the accuracy of aiming and centering.

[0045] By leveling the level instrument and the fixed target respectively, it can be ensured that the horizontal sight lines established by the two have both accurate horizontal properties and good centering consistency, providing a stable and reliable reference framework for the centering, displacement reading and calculation of the subsequent movable target, and is the basic guarantee for the high-precision operation of the entire monitoring system.

[0046] In step S120, a two-way movable target is installed at the current monitoring point, and the tracking centering plate of the two-way movable target is observed and adjusted through the level instrument, so that the centering reference point of the tracking centering plate is located on the horizontal sight line.

[0047] Among them, the two-way movable target is a target device with adjustable structures in the horizontal and vertical directions. It is installed at the monitoring point on the surface of the dam to be measured, used to cooperate with the level for centering operation, and finally realize the observation of the two-way displacement of the monitoring point. The tracking centering plate is a centering auxiliary marking structure installed on the two-way movable target, used to provide a visual centering reference point in the field of view of the level, so that the operator can observe the relative position relationship between the reference point and the horizontal sight line through the level, thereby judging whether the monitoring point is centered and making adjustments accordingly. The tracking centering plate is usually a signboard with clear visual markings, on which reference graphics for alignment are provided, such as crosshairs, center points, cross rulings or color-coded areas, etc. The center position thereof is the centering reference point, which serves as the observation reference point representing the monitoring point and is used to align the horizontal sight line established by the level. The tracking centering plate can be installed on the support frame of the two-way movable target, and its position changes with the fine adjustment of the support frame. It is also the readable component reflecting the actual two-dimensional displacement change of the measuring point in the whole system. After centering is completed, the position data of the tracking centering plate in the horizontal and vertical directions can be used as the original measurement value for calculating the displacement amount.

[0048] Reference Figure 2 As shown, a schematic diagram of the principle of a method for monitoring the two-way displacement of the dam surface is shown. Among them, the level 1 is arranged at the first working base point 2, and its telescope faces to the right, aiming at the fixed target 10 located at the second working base point 11, forming a horizontal sight line 3. The two-way movable target 5 is arranged at the first monitoring point 4, and the two-way movable target 5 is fixed to the first monitoring point 4 through the target base 6. The relative position of the tracking centering plate on the two-way movable target 5 is observed through the level 1, and the target operator is notified to continuously adjust. When the centering reference point of the tracking centering plate is on the horizontal sight line 3, record the position of the movable target at this time. By comparing with the initial position, the first moving distance 7 of the two-way movable target 5 at the first monitoring point 4 can be known, that is, the displacement deformation amount of the first monitoring point 4 relative to the first working base point 2 or the second working base point 11 is obtained. Similarly, the two-way movable target 5 is arranged at the second monitoring point 8, and the second moving distance 9 of the two-way movable target 5 at the second monitoring point 8 can be known, that is, the displacement deformation amount of the second monitoring point 8 relative to the first working base point 2 or the second working base point 11 is obtained.

[0049] Reference Figures 3 to 5 As shown, schematic diagrams of the structure of the two-way movable target from different perspectives are respectively shown. Taking Figure 3Taking the structural schematic diagram (front view) of the two-way movable sighting target from the first perspective shown as an example, a forced centering base 12 is provided at the bottom of the two-way movable sighting target for accurately fixing the two-way movable sighting target on the bracket of the current monitoring point. Due to the high repeat positioning accuracy of the forced centering structure, it can ensure that the measurement center remains consistent during each installation, and the centering accuracy is generally not less than 0.1 mm, meeting the requirements of high-precision displacement measurement. Three leveling studs 13 are installed on the upper part of the forced centering base 12 and are respectively connected to the movable sighting target base 14. The operator can realize the fine adjustment of the movable sighting target base 14 by adjusting the height of each leveling stud 13, so that the whole two-way movable sighting target is in a horizontal state. The movable sighting target base 14 is the bearing platform of the two-way movable sighting target, and a leveling bubble 15 is provided thereon for assisting in judging whether the current device is leveled. Specifically, the height of the leveling stud 13 can be adjusted by the self-contained nut. When the leveling bubble 15 is adjusted to the centered position, it indicates that the movable sighting target base 14 is in a horizontal state. The rotation adjustment base 16 is used to adjust the orientation of the two-way movable sighting target, so that the tracking centering plate 25 installed on the two-way movable sighting target can be perpendicular to the horizontal sight line established by the level, thus ensuring the accuracy of centering in the horizontal direction. It can be understood that, Figure 2 The shown sighting target base 6 may include Figure 3 the forced centering base 12, the movable sighting target base 14, and the rotation adjustment base 16 shown in, which together constitute the installation and adjustment structure of the two-way movable sighting target.

[0050] A horizontal movement device 17 is installed on the movable sighting target base 14 for driving the tracking centering plate 25 to move in the horizontal direction and providing a horizontal displacement reading. The horizontal movement device 17 adopts a screw drive mechanism. The device internally has a precision-machined screw mechanism, including an internal screw and a horizontal movement knob 18 linked to the internal screw. By rotating the horizontal movement knob 18, the tracking centering plate support frame 22 is driven to move in the horizontal direction. The horizontal movement range can reach 300 mm, and the movement track is limited by the horizontal movement groove 19 provided on the horizontal movement device 17, and the groove length is 310 mm, ensuring that the tracking centering plate support frame 22 can move smoothly within the effective range. To obtain the real-time horizontal position of the tracking centering plate support frame 22, a horizontal fixed scale 20 is fixedly installed on the horizontal movement device 17 as a reference. A horizontal movable scale 21 is installed on the tracking centering plate support frame 22 and moves together with it. The operator can judge the specific position of the tracking centering plate support frame 22 in the horizontal direction by reading the relative position between the horizontal movable scale 21 and the horizontal fixed scale 20.

[0051] The tracking alignment plate 25 is arranged on the tracking alignment plate support frame 22. Since the tracking alignment plate 25 is only allowed to move relative to the tracking alignment plate support frame 22 in the vertical direction, the horizontal position of the tracking alignment plate support frame 22 directly represents the horizontal position of the tracking alignment plate 25, and thus represents the horizontal position of the current monitoring point.

[0052] In the vertical direction, the tracking alignment plate support frame 22 is connected with a vertical moving device 24 for driving the tracking alignment plate 25 to move in the vertical direction and providing a vertical displacement reading. The vertical moving device 24 also adopts a screw drive mechanism, and its internal also adopts a precision screw propulsion structure, including an internal screw rod and a vertical moving knob 23 linked with the internal screw rod. The vertical moving knob 23 is used to adjust the position of the tracking alignment plate support frame 22 in the vertical direction, and the moving range is also 300 mm. To cooperate with the reading in this direction, a vertical fixed scale 26 is installed on the vertical moving device 24, and a vertical movable scale 27 is installed on the tracking alignment plate support frame 22. The operator can obtain the actual position of the tracking alignment plate 25 in the vertical direction by reading the position difference between the vertical fixed scale 26 and the vertical movable scale 27. In addition, the vertical moving path of the tracking alignment plate support frame 22 is limited by a vertical moving groove 28 with a length of 310 mm, ensuring that the tracking alignment plate support frame 22 operates smoothly and reliably within the set range.

[0053] In some exemplary embodiments, after installing a two-way movable sighting target at the current monitoring point, the visual feedback area set in the tracking alignment plate can be observed through a level, and according to the current position of the visual feedback area, the relative position deviation between the alignment reference point of the tracking alignment plate and the horizontal sight line can be determined.

[0054] Among them, the visual feedback area is set on the surface of the tracking alignment plate, and has quadrant areas composed of different colors, graphics or engraved lines, and its layout corresponds one by one to the position of the alignment reference point, facilitating the operator to judge the relative relationship between the center of the current tracking alignment plate and the horizontal sight line through the crosshair of the level.

[0055] When observing the tracking alignment plate in the field of view of the level, if it is found that the visual feedback area is not in the expected position, it means that the alignment reference point has not coincided with the horizontal sight line. At this time, according to the current quadrant or offset position of the visual feedback area, the deviation direction and degree of the tracking alignment plate relative to the horizontal sight line, that is, the relative position deviation, can be determined. It can be understood that the relative position deviation can be decomposed into two components in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction.

[0056] Reference Figure 6 As shown, a schematic diagram of a tracking alignment plate is shown. In Figure 6Among them, the tracking alignment plate is square, with a size of 300mm×300mm. The material is an aluminum alloy plate with a thickness of 2mm, ensuring light weight while having good rigidity and being solid and durable. The surface of the tracking alignment plate is in accordance with Figure 6 As shown, the visual feedback area is a four-quadrant graphic area, namely the first area 29 of the tracking alignment plate, the second area 30 of the tracking alignment plate, the third area 31 of the tracking alignment plate, and the fourth area 32 of the tracking alignment plate.

[0057] Refer to Figure 7 As shown, it shows a schematic diagram of another tracking alignment plate. In order to more accurately place the tracking alignment plate on the horizontal sight line, a horizontal alignment reference line 33 and a vertical alignment reference line 34 are respectively set on the tracking alignment plate. The intersection position between the horizontal alignment reference line 33 and the vertical alignment reference line 34 is the alignment reference point 35.

[0058] Furthermore, based on the relative position deviation, adjust the position of the tracking alignment plate of the two-way movable sighting target until the horizontal alignment reference line and the vertical alignment reference line of the tracking alignment plate coincide with the horizontal line and the vertical line of the crosshair of the level respectively, so that the alignment reference point of the tracking alignment plate is located on the horizontal sight line.

[0059] Still taking Figure 7 as an example, by observing the graphic area of the tracking alignment plate, the relative position deviation between the alignment reference point 35 and the horizontal sight line can be known, which is convenient for sending corresponding instructions to the sighting target operator. For example, at this time, if the sighting target operator sees the first area 29 of the tracking alignment plate, instructions can be sent to the sighting target operator to adjust the tracking alignment plate to the left and vertically upward; if the sighting target operator sees the second area 30 of the tracking alignment plate, instructions to adjust the tracking alignment plate to the left and vertically downward are sent until the horizontal line and the vertical line of the crosshair of the level coincide with the horizontal alignment reference line 33 and the vertical alignment reference line 34 respectively. At this time, the alignment reference point 35 of the tracking alignment plate is located on the horizontal sight line, and reading can be notified.

[0060] Specifically, based on the relative position deviation, the horizontal movement device on the two-way movable sighting target can be used to drive the tracking alignment plate support frame to move horizontally, and the vertical movement device on the two-way movable sighting target can be used to drive the tracking alignment plate support frame to move vertically, so as to adjust the position of the tracking alignment plate fixed on the tracking alignment plate support frame, realize two-dimensional fine positioning of the tracking alignment plate, and make its alignment reference point accurately fall on the horizontal sight line.

[0061] In the horizontal direction, the sight operator can rotate the horizontal movement knob installed on the horizontal movement device. The horizontal movement knob drives the tracking centering plate support frame connected to the screw to move along the horizontal movement groove by linking with the internal precision screw system. As the tracking centering plate support frame moves, the tracking centering plate fixed on the tracking centering plate support frame moves synchronously, thereby correcting the offset of the centering reference point in the horizontal direction. In the vertical direction, the sight operator can rotate the vertical movement knob installed on the vertical movement device. The vertical movement knob also drives the tracking centering plate support frame to move up and down along the vertical movement groove through a screw propulsion mechanism.

[0062] During the entire adjustment process, the tracking centering plate does not undergo horizontal displacement relative to the tracking centering plate support frame itself, and its vertical movement is also controlled by the lifting of the tracking centering plate support frame. Therefore, the spatial position of the tracking centering plate support frame can directly represent the position of the tracking centering plate. Through continuous fine-tuning in the horizontal and vertical directions, the sight operator can gradually guide the centering reference point of the tracking centering plate to the horizontal sight line, thereby completing the centering. This adjustment method does not require replacing the instrument or re-laying out the monitoring points, and has the advantages of high adjustment accuracy, simple operation, and strong on-site adaptability.

[0063] In step S130, after completing the centering, obtain the horizontal position and vertical position of the tracking centering plate, and determine the horizontal displacement and vertical displacement of the current monitoring point relative to each of the working reference points based on the corresponding position data.

[0064] In the state where the centering is completed, it indicates that the centering reference point of the tracking centering plate at the current monitoring point has been accurately located on the horizontal sight line established by the level and the fixed sight. At this time, the two-dimensional spatial position of the tracking centering plate can be used as the measurement reference point of the current monitoring point at this moment.

[0065] Exemplarily, the current horizontal position data of the tracking centering plate on the horizontal scale and the current vertical position data on the vertical scale can be read. Among them, the horizontal scale and the vertical scale are set on the two-way movable sight. The horizontal scale includes a horizontal fixed scale and a horizontal movable scale, and the vertical scale includes a vertical fixed scale and a vertical movable scale. The sight operator can directly read the position scale of the horizontal movable scale relative to the horizontal fixed scale and the position scale of the vertical movable scale relative to the vertical fixed scale, respectively obtaining the current horizontal position data of the tracking centering plate and the current vertical position data on the vertical scale for auxiliary positioning.

[0066] Furthermore, compare the current horizontal position data and the current vertical position data with the corresponding horizontal reference value and vertical reference value respectively to obtain the horizontal displacement and vertical displacement of the current monitoring point relative to each working reference point.

[0067] For example, calculate the difference between the current horizontal position data and the horizontal reference value at the initial measurement to obtain the horizontal displacement of the current monitoring point relative to each working reference point. For example, there is DH ij =X ij -X i0 , where DH ij is the horizontal displacement of the i-th monitoring point at the j-th measurement, X ij is the reading of the horizontal moving scale of the i-th monitoring point at the j-th measurement, and X i0 is the horizontal reference value of the i-th monitoring point at the initial measurement, that is, the reading of the horizontal moving scale of the i-th monitoring point at the initial measurement. It can be understood that the reading of the horizontal moving scale is the position scale of the horizontal movable scale relative to the horizontal fixed scale.

[0068] Calculate the difference between the current vertical position data and the vertical reference value at the initial measurement to obtain the vertical displacement of the current monitoring point relative to each working reference point. For example, there is ZH ij =Z ij -Z i0 , where ZH ij is the vertical displacement of the i-th monitoring point at the j-th measurement, Z ij is the reading of the vertical moving scale of the i-th monitoring point at the j-th measurement, and Z i0 is the vertical reference value of the i-th monitoring point at the initial measurement, that is, the reading of the vertical moving scale of the i-th monitoring point at the initial measurement. It can be understood that the reading of the vertical moving scale is the position scale of the vertical movable scale relative to the vertical fixed scale.

[0069] Similarly, the displacement of each monitoring point relative to the working reference point can be calculated. This step can realize the quantitative evaluation of the deformation trend only through the scale reading of the mechanical scale and the relative difference analysis, and is applicable to the engineering deformation monitoring requirements of periodicity, long-term, or emergency. This method has a simple structure, an intuitive method, and good on-site applicability and data reliability.

[0070] In the present exemplary embodiment, a two-way displacement monitoring device for the dam surface is also provided. Referring to Figure 8 as shown, the two-way displacement monitoring device 800 for the dam surface may include a level 1, a fixed target 10, a two-way movable target 5, a target centering module 810, and a displacement acquisition module 820, where: The level 1 is arranged at the first working reference point and is used to aim at the fixed target at the second working reference point to establish a horizontal sight line; The fixed target 10 is arranged at the second working reference point and is used for the level to aim at to determine the direction of the horizontal sight line; The two-way movable target 5 is installed at the current monitoring point, and the two-way movable target is provided with a tracking centering plate; The target centering module 810 is configured to observe and adjust the tracking centering plate through the level, so that the centering reference point of the tracking centering plate is located on the horizontal sight line; The displacement acquisition module 820 is configured to, after centering is completed, acquire the horizontal position and the vertical position of the tracking centering plate, and determine the horizontal displacement amount and the vertical displacement amount of the current monitoring point relative to each of the working base points based on the corresponding position data.

[0071] The specific details of each structure and each module in the above-mentioned dam surface two-way displacement monitoring device have been described in detail in the corresponding dam surface two-way displacement monitoring method, and thus will not be elaborated here.

[0072] After considering the specification and practicing the invention disclosed herein, those skilled in the art will readily conceive of other embodiments of the present disclosure. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the present disclosure, which follow the general principles of the present disclosure and include common general knowledge or conventional technical means in the technical field not disclosed by the present disclosure. The specification and the embodiments are only regarded as exemplary, and the true scope and spirit of the present disclosure are pointed out by the claims.

[0073] It should be understood that the present disclosure is not limited to the exact structures described above and shown in the drawings, and various modifications and changes can be made without departing from its scope. The scope of the present disclosure is only limited by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for monitoring the two-way displacement of a dam surface, characterized in that, Including: Set up a level at the first working reference point, and aim the level at the fixed target set at the second working reference point to establish a horizontal sight line; Install a two-way movable target at the current monitoring point, observe and adjust the tracking centering plate of the two-way movable target through the level, so that the centering reference point of the tracking centering plate is located on the horizontal sight line; After centering is completed, obtain the horizontal position and vertical position of the tracking centering plate, and determine the horizontal displacement and vertical displacement of the current monitoring point relative to each of the working reference points based on the corresponding position data.

2. The two-way displacement monitoring method for the dam surface according to claim 1, wherein The step of observing and adjusting the tracking centering plate of the two-way movable target through the level so that the centering reference point of the tracking centering plate is located on the horizontal sight line includes: Observe the visual feedback area set in the tracking centering plate through the level; Determine the relative position deviation between the centering point reference of the tracking centering plate and the horizontal sight line according to the current position of the visual feedback area; Based on the relative position deviation, adjust the position of the tracking centering plate of the two-way movable target until the horizontal centering reference line and the vertical centering reference line of the tracking centering plate coincide with the horizontal line and the vertical line of the crosshair of the level respectively, so that the centering reference point of the tracking centering plate is located on the horizontal sight line.

3. The dam surface two-way displacement monitoring method according to claim 2, wherein The two-way movable target includes a horizontal moving device and a vertical moving device; The step of adjusting the position of the tracking centering plate of the two-way movable target based on the relative position deviation includes: Based on the relative position deviation, drive the tracking centering plate support frame to move horizontally through the horizontal moving device, and drive the tracking centering plate support frame to move vertically through the vertical moving device, so as to adjust the position of the tracking centering plate fixed on the tracking centering plate support frame; Wherein, both the horizontal moving device and the vertical moving device adopt screw drive mechanisms.

4. The two-way displacement monitoring method for the dam surface according to claim 1, wherein The step of obtaining the horizontal position and vertical position of the tracking centering plate and determining the horizontal displacement and vertical displacement of the current monitoring point relative to each of the working reference points based on the corresponding position data includes: Read the current horizontal position data of the tracking centering plate on the horizontal scale and the current vertical position data on the vertical scale; wherein, the horizontal scale and the vertical scale are set on the two-way movable target; Compare the current horizontal position data and the current vertical position data with the corresponding horizontal reference value and vertical reference value respectively to obtain the horizontal displacement and vertical displacement of the current monitoring point relative to each of the working reference points.

5. The method for monitoring the two-way displacement of the dam surface according to claim 4, wherein The step of comparing the current horizontal position data and the current vertical position data with the corresponding horizontal reference value and vertical reference value respectively to obtain the horizontal displacement and vertical displacement of the current monitoring point relative to each of the working reference points includes: Calculate the difference between the current horizontal position data and the horizontal reference value at the initial measurement to obtain the horizontal displacement of the current monitoring point relative to each of the working reference points; Calculate the difference between the current vertical position data and the vertical reference value at the initial measurement to obtain the vertical displacement of the current monitoring point relative to each of the working reference points.

6. The method for monitoring the two-way displacement of the dam surface according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bidirectional movable sighting target includes a movable sighting target base; Installing the bidirectional movable sighting target at the current monitoring point includes: Fixing the bidirectional movable sighting target on the bracket arranged at the current monitoring point through a forced centering base; Connecting the forced centering base and the movable sighting target base through a leveling stud arranged on the forced centering base, and adjusting the leveling stud to make the movable sighting target base in a horizontal state.

7. The method for monitoring the two-way displacement of the dam surface according to claim 6, characterized in that, A leveling bubble is arranged on the movable sighting target base; The step of adjusting the leveling stud to make the movable sighting target base in a horizontal state includes: Adjusting the height of the leveling stud to adjust the leveling bubble to the centered position, so that the movable sighting target base is in a horizontal state.

8. The two-way displacement monitoring method for the dam surface according to claim 1, wherein, The step of aiming the level at the fixed sighting target arranged at the second working reference point to establish a horizontal sight line includes: Rotating the level to make the first centering line of the level coincide with the second centering line of the fixed sighting target; After the first centering line and the second centering line coincide, fixing the level to establish the horizontal sight line according to the currently coincident centering line.

9. The method for monitoring the two-way displacement of the dam surface according to claim 8, characterized in that, Before establishing the horizontal sight line, it includes: Leveling the level arranged at the first working reference point and the fixed sighting target arranged at the second working reference point respectively.

10. A two-way displacement monitoring device for the surface of a dam, characterized in that, It includes: A level, arranged at the first working reference point, for aiming at the fixed sighting target at the second working reference point to establish a horizontal sight line; A fixed sighting target, arranged at the second working reference point, for the level to aim at to determine the direction of the horizontal sight line; A bidirectional movable sighting target, installed at the current monitoring point, and the bidirectional movable sighting target is provided with a tracking centering plate; A sighting target centering module, for observing and adjusting the tracking centering plate through the level, so that the centering reference point of the tracking centering plate is located on the horizontal sight line; A displacement acquisition module, for obtaining the horizontal position and vertical position of the tracking centering plate after centering, and determining the horizontal displacement and vertical displacement of the current monitoring point relative to each of the working reference points based on the corresponding position data.

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