In-well, well-well, well-ground and open-ground multi-mode formation resistivity imaging detection system and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-mode formation resistivity imaging detection system based on in-well, well-well, well-ground and air-ground. The multi-mode formation resistivity imaging detection system comprises an electrical method ground receiving subsystem, and an electrical method in-well measurement subsystem, an electrical method well-well measurement subsystem, an electrical method well-ground measurement subsystem and an air-ground electromagnetic measurement subsystem which are connected and communicated with the electrical method ground receiving subsystem. According to the detection system disclosed by the invention, the electrical method ground receiving subsystem adopts a multifunctional multichannel synchronous acquisition technology, a DC-100kHz broad-spectrum high-precision low-temperature drift measurement technology, a large-depth well continuous data acquisition and clock synchronization technology and a high-pressure and high-temperature resistant well receiver structure design and packaging technology; the system has the functions of real-time intelligent system calibration, diagnosis and error reporting, and well-to-well high integration of well-to-ground transient electromagnetic multifunctional electrical method measurement is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of electromagnetic wave measurement and imaging, and particularly relates to a multi-mode formation resistivity imaging detection system and method for underground energy detection in this field, based on borehole, borehole-to-borehole, borehole-to-surface, and air-to-surface modes. Background Art

[0002] With the development of oil exploration from structural oil and gas reservoirs to complex and unconventional oil and gas reservoirs, and the drilling of 10,000-meter exploration wells, the exploration difficulty of oil, natural gas, and mineral deposits has gradually increased. The development of petroleum engineering technology also places increasingly high demands on geophysical exploration technology. There is an urgent need to understand the distribution and development of formation geological structures (such as fractures, faults, etc.) in a wider range beside the well. Conventional wellbore perimeter measurement methods have a relatively shallow detection depth. For example, borehole perimeter scanning acoustic imaging logging or micro-resistivity scanning electric imaging logging can only detect wellbore fractures within a range of 3 cm, and dipole shear wave measurement can qualitatively give the fracture development within a range of 2 - 3 m around the wellbore, but it is difficult to understand the lateral changes of the reservoir and the outward extension of wellbore fractures.

[0003] The monopole longitudinal wave long-range detection method in boreholes uses the longitudinal wave radiated from a monopole sound source in the borehole to the outside of the borehole, and receives the waveform reflected from the geological body outside the borehole to determine the configuration of the geological body. It can perform imaging analysis on small geological structures such as formation interfaces, fractures, or faults within a range of 10 meters beside the well, filling the gap between logging and seismic in terms of resolution and detection depth.

[0004] The application potential of transient electromagnetic method in boreholes in the logging field is huge. Currently, the theoretical research on transient electromagnetic wave logging mainly focuses on through-casing resistivity measurement and real-time long-range boundary detection while drilling. For the former, mainly using the characteristic that the low-frequency component of transient electromagnetic waves can penetrate the casing into the formation, its ability to evaluate formation resistivity in through-casing wells is studied. A series of patents on the application of transient electromagnetic to geological steering and pre-drilling detection have also been publicly disclosed at home and abroad, mainly involving the structure of transmitting and receiving coil systems, the selection of excitation sources, and related detection and processing methods. The important advantage of transient electromagnetic logging is that transient electromagnetic wave logging has the characteristics of large penetration depth, strong adaptability to detection scale, and rich time-frequency domain information. It can not only study the conductivity of geological bodies using signal intensity, but also determine the boundary information of geological bodies using the time-domain characteristics of electromagnetic scattering.

[0005] Crosshole electromagnetic imaging is an important frontier in the development of contemporary geophysical technologies and a major research topic of cross-century significance in applied geophysics. Its technical goal is to directly measure the resistivity between wells and provide two-dimensional or even three-dimensional resistivity imaging that reflects the distribution of oil, gas, and water in oil reservoirs. The crosshole electromagnetic imaging system is a new logging method developed on the basis of single-well electrical logging technology. It places the transmitter in one well to emit electromagnetic waves into the formation, and the receiver in another well (or the same well) to receive the electromagnetic waves propagated through the formation. By inverting the data, two-dimensional or even three-dimensional resistivity (or conductivity) imaging that reflects the structure of the reservoir between wells and the distribution of oil, gas, and water can be obtained, thus enabling the direct measurement and description of the electrical properties of the formation between wells. The crosshole electromagnetic imaging system can be used to study the structure of oil reservoirs, the distribution of sand bodies, and the spatial distribution law of oil, gas, and water, reveal underground geological characteristics, improve the accuracy of reservoir description, greatly increase the success rate of drilling efficient wells in the rolling exploration of oilfields, and thus raise the discovery and description of oil and gas reservoirs to a new level.

[0006] Well-to-surface transient electromagnetic imaging is a new technology for realizing resistivity distribution in cased wells. The well-to-surface transient electromagnetic method (TEM) measures the secondary field during the off period of the measurement signal source. The measurement process is not interfered by the primary field. Compared with the measurement of time-harmonic electromagnetic fields, it contains richer time-domain and frequency-domain information and is widely used in near-surface, tunnel, mine and other fields. The transient electromagnetic method shows great potential in fracture detection, while the evaluation of the formation resistivity profile by measuring transient electromagnetic signals in boreholes is less.

[0007] Time-domain electromagnetic observation not only has the advantages of large detection depth and high resolution of time-domain ground electromagnetic method, but also has the advantages of wide detection range and high speed of airborne time-domain electromagnetic method. It is especially suitable for resource exploration in special landscape areas such as mountains, forest-covered areas, and swamps in China. The airborne and ground time-domain electromagnetic detection system uses a long grounded wire laid on the ground as the emission source, and passes current through it to establish a primary field. After the current is turned off, the receiving sensor carried on the aircraft is used to observe the vertical induced electromagnetic field excited by the turned-off current, and the information contained in the induced electromagnetic field is analyzed to obtain the distribution of the underground electrical structure. It is suitable for the exploration of low-resistivity anomalies in the middle and shallow layers (50m - 600m). This method has high construction efficiency and strong anti-interference ability. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a multi-mode formation resistivity imaging detection system and method based on borehole, crosshole, well-to-surface, and airborne, which uses the electromagnetic response characteristics of different measurement modes to realize formation resistivity profile imaging for underground resource development and real-time dynamic monitoring.

[0009] The present invention adopts the following technical solutions: A multi-mode formation resistivity imaging detection system based on borehole, borehole-to-borehole, borehole-to-surface, and air-to-surface, the improvement lies in: including an electrical method ground receiving subsystem and an electrical method borehole measurement subsystem, an electrical method borehole-to-borehole measurement subsystem, an electrical method borehole-to-surface measurement subsystem, and an air-to-ground electromagnetic measurement subsystem connected and communicating with it; the electrical method borehole measurement subsystem includes an above-borehole part and a below-borehole part, the above-borehole part includes a GPS synchronization unit, a communication and control unit, and a winch, the below-borehole part includes an array laterolog unit, an array induction unit, an array dielectric unit, and a transient electromagnetic unit driven by the winch to move up and down in the well, and the array laterolog unit, the array induction unit, the array dielectric unit, and the transient electromagnetic unit obtain a synchronous clock from the GPS synchronization unit and communicate with the communication and control unit; the electrical method borehole-to-borehole measurement subsystem includes an above-borehole part and a below-borehole part, the above-borehole part includes a GPS synchronization unit, a communication circuit, a receiving circuit, and a winch, the below-borehole part includes a transmitting circuit and an inter-borehole electromagnetic unit driven by the winch to move up and down in the well, the inter-borehole electromagnetic unit is electrically connected to the transmitting circuit, the transmitting circuit obtains a synchronous clock from the GPS synchronization unit and communicates with the receiving circuit, and the receiving circuit is electrically connected to the communication circuit; the electrical method borehole-to-surface measurement subsystem is a borehole-to-surface transient electromagnetic measuring instrument; the air-to-ground electromagnetic measurement subsystem is an airborne electromagnetic measuring instrument.

[0010] Further, the electrical method ground receiving subsystem includes an acquisition center processing card and a codec card, wherein the acquisition center processing card is connected and communicates with a GPS module, a data transmission radio, and a host computer, sends a depth synchronization pulse to the codec card, and sends a synchronous clock to the GPS synchronization unit of the electrical method borehole measurement subsystem and the GPS synchronization unit of the electrical method borehole-to-borehole measurement subsystem; the codec card is respectively connected and communicates with the host computer, the communication and control unit of the electrical method borehole measurement subsystem, the communication circuit of the electrical method borehole-to-borehole measurement subsystem, the electrical method borehole-to-surface measurement subsystem, and the air-to-ground electromagnetic measurement subsystem; the above-mentioned data transmission radio, GPS module, acquisition center processing card, and codec card are powered by a low-voltage power supply module.

[0011] Further, the synchronous clock between the acquisition center processing card, the GPS module, the GPS synchronization unit of the electrical method borehole measurement subsystem, and the GPS synchronization unit of the electrical method borehole-to-borehole measurement subsystem is 152.6Hz, the acquisition center processing card communicates with the data transmission radio through an RS232 interface, communicates with the host computer through a USB interface, acquires depth tension marks and displays depth, speed, and GPS lock through an SPI bus.

[0012] Further, the receiving circuit of the electrical logging while drilling measurement subsystem includes a receiving antenna, a noise matching circuit, a secondary amplification circuit, a switching circuit, a band-pass filtering circuit, an impedance transformation circuit, a variable gain amplification circuit, a high-pass filtering circuit, an impedance transformation circuit, a single-ended to differential circuit, an 18-bit analog-to-digital conversion circuit, a single-chip microcomputer, and a telemetry unit, which are electrically connected in sequence. In addition, the single-chip microcomputer is also electrically connected to a synchronization unit, and the power supply unit supplies power to the receiving circuit.

[0013] Further, a magnetic feedback circuit is connected between the receiving antenna and the secondary amplification circuit. The switching circuit is equipped with a 4th-order power frequency filter, provides a reference voltage for the 18-bit analog-to-digital conversion circuit, provides an internal crystal oscillator for the single-chip microcomputer. The single-chip microcomputer communicates with the 18-bit analog-to-digital conversion circuit through the SPI bus, communicates with the telemetry unit through the CAN bus, and communicates with the synchronization unit through the RS485 interface.

[0014] Further, the transmitting circuit of the electrical logging while drilling measurement subsystem includes a downhole transformer electrically connected to an onshore transformer. The downhole transformer is electrically connected to a transmitting antenna through a high-voltage DC circuit, a capacitor joint, and a power amplifier topology circuit, and is electrically connected to the power amplifier topology circuit through an AC circuit, a voltage stabilization module, and a drive circuit. The voltage stabilization module is also electrically connected to the drive circuit through a synchronization clock. The telemetry circuit is electrically connected to the transmitting antenna through a signal processing circuit and a frequency conversion control circuit. Both the transmitting antenna and the signal processing circuit are electrically connected to a magnetic flux, temperature, voltage and current monitoring circuit.

[0015] Further, the downhole part of the electrical logging while drilling measurement subsystem is in the instrument cabin inside the pressure-resistant housing. A heat insulation layer is provided between the instrument cabin and the pressure-resistant housing. A radiator and a semiconductor refrigerator are provided at the end of the pressure-resistant housing, and the semiconductor refrigerator is connected to a heat pipe heat conductor inside the pressure-resistant housing.

[0016] A multi-mode formation resistivity imaging detection method based on borehole, logging while drilling, borehole-to-surface, and air-to-ground, using the above detection system, is improved in that: the electrical surface receiving subsystem obtains the electromagnetic detection information of the electrical borehole measurement subsystem, the electrical logging while drilling measurement subsystem, the electrical borehole-to-surface measurement subsystem, and the air-to-ground electromagnetic measurement subsystem, and inversely calculates the three-dimensional distribution of the formation resistivity based on this information.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: For the detection system disclosed by the present invention, the electrical surface receiving subsystem adopts multi-functional multi-channel synchronous acquisition technology, DC~100kHz wide-spectrum high-precision low-temperature drift measurement technology, large-depth borehole continuous data acquisition and clock synchronization technology, and high-voltage and high-temperature resistant borehole receiver structure design and packaging technology, and has functions of real-time intelligent system calibration, diagnosis, and error reporting, realizing highly integrated borehole multi-functional electrical method measurement of borehole-to-surface transient electromagnetic.

[0018] The detection system disclosed by the present invention, the in-well electrical method measurement subsystem and the in-well and surface electrical method measurement subsystem are equipped with an in-well electrical method receiving system on the basis of the existing oil and gas logging device, separating the high-power transmitting strong electricity from the in-well weak electricity receiving, configuring a ground receiving system, reducing the interference of long-distance large current on communication and receiving weak signals, overcoming the restriction of the small diameter on the cross-section of the wire, and facilitating the multi-parameter measurement of the in-well and in-well and surface working devices.

[0019] The receiver uses a highly integrated signal chain multiplexing technology to achieve multi-functional and multi-channel data acquisition; uses an ARM CORTEX series real-time signal microcontroller, a high-temperature and shock-resistant MEMS structure silicon crystal oscillator, a high-precision 24-bit multi-channel ADC, multi-channel low-temperature-drift and low-zero-drift operational amplifiers and other key devices to ensure the multi-functional, multi-channel, large-bandwidth and high-precision characteristics of the reception; uses an active heat dissipation and heat preservation structure to solve the high-temperature problem. Adopts a large-current power supply technology, improves the electrode structure to reduce the grounding resistance, and adopts an adaptive closed-loop feedback technology to achieve high-voltage constant-current power supply. Adopts a three-component magnetic sensor technology and a low-noise precision preamplifier, optimizes the method technology for conditioning the induction signal, focuses the magnetic field lines, realizes a magnetic field sensor with a large receiving area in a micro size, and adopts a selectable chopping and real-time self-calibration technology to achieve low-temperature-drift data acquisition from DC to 10 kHz.

[0020] The detection system disclosed by the present invention, the in-well electrical method well measurement subsystem adopts a wide-spectrum and high-precision measurement technology, designs an isolation scheme for the power supply system and the acquisition system of the receiver to eliminate the influence of the heat of the power supply system on the acquisition system; adopts an active heat dissipation structure and a pressure-resistant shell structure, which consists of a heat pipe heat conductor, a semiconductor refrigerator and a radiator. The active heat dissipation system can absorb the heat generated by the circuit board and components from the instrument cabin, and discharge it from the radiator end through the heat pipe heat conductor and the semiconductor refrigerator, so as to ensure the normal operation of the circuit board and components; an environmental sensor is configured at the front end of the device to collect the downhole temperature and pressure environment parameters, and realize the intelligent self-protection of the instrument in extreme abnormal situations and notify the user.

[0021] Adopts an electromagnetic measurement technology, designs a high-power transmitting antenna with a magnetic core made of a high magnetic saturation soft magnetic material, and adopts a multi-frequency tuning transmitting technology to improve the transmitting energy; adopts a high-permeability magnetic core, and designs a high-sensitivity wide-band receiving unit by using a magnetic flux negative feedback technology and a wide-band inductive magnetic sensor technology; adopts a high-precision GPS synchronization technology to achieve precise synchronization between transmission and reception.

[0022] The detection method disclosed by the present invention makes full use of the measurement environments of cased wells and open-hole wells. In various observation modes such as in-well, well-to-well, well-to-ground, and open-air, multi-frequency array focusing electromagnetic wave detection means are used to obtain the phase and amplitude information of electromagnetic waves during propagation in the formation. Through theoretical deduction and simulated well experiments, the calibration of system measurement indicators is achieved, and the electromagnetic resistivity information of single wells, well-to-well, well-to-ground, and open-air is obtained. The imaging of the formation resistivity profile is realized through a joint data processing method. By accurately obtaining the formation resistivity profile information using electromagnetic wave measurement technology, the formation resistivity profile information can be effectively evaluated, and the model calculation results are accurate and have a wide range of applications. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 is a block diagram of the detection system disclosed by the present invention; Figure 2 is a block diagram of the electrical method ground receiving subsystem in the detection system disclosed by the present invention; Figure 3 is a block diagram of the receiving circuit of the electrical method well-to-well measurement subsystem in the detection system disclosed by the present invention; Figure 4 is a block diagram of the transmitting circuit of the electrical method well-to-well measurement subsystem in the detection system disclosed by the present invention; Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the downhole active heat dissipation structure of the electrical method well-to-well measurement subsystem in the detection system disclosed by the present invention; Figure 6 is the formation resistivity profile diagram I obtained by the detection method disclosed by the present invention; Figure 7 is the formation resistivity profile diagram II obtained by the detection method disclosed by the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0024] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0025] Embodiment 1. This embodiment discloses a multi-mode formation resistivity imaging detection system based on in-well, well-to-well, well-to-ground, and open-air, as Figure 1 shown, including an electrical method ground receiving subsystem and an electrical method in-well measurement subsystem, an electrical method well-to-well measurement subsystem, an electrical method well-to-ground measurement subsystem, and an open-air electromagnetic measurement subsystem that are connected and communicate with it.

[0026] The electrical method ground receiving subsystem is a high-speed acquisition system, belonging to the telemetry and ground system, and completes the multi-functional electrical method ground measurement function, the wellhead signal acquisition functions such as depth and tension, and the cable communication function.

[0027] The described electrical method borehole measurement subsystem includes an above - well part and a down - well part, and completes the integrated measurement functions of electromagnetic logging and multi - function electrical method logging instruments. The above - well part includes a GPS synchronization unit, a communication and control unit, and a winch. The down - well part includes an array laterolog unit, an array induction unit, an array dielectric unit, and a transient electromagnetic unit that are driven by the winch to move up and down in the well. The array laterolog unit, the array induction unit, the array dielectric unit, and the transient electromagnetic unit obtain synchronous clocks from the GPS synchronization unit and communicate with the communication and control unit.

[0028] The described electrical method cross - well measurement subsystem includes an above - well part and a down - well part, and completes the cross - well electromagnetic measurement function. The above - well part includes a GPS synchronization unit, a communication circuit, a receiving circuit, and a winch. The down - well part includes a transmitting circuit and a cross - well electromagnetic unit that are driven by the winch to move up and down in the well. The cross - well electromagnetic unit is electrically connected to the transmitting circuit. The transmitting circuit obtains a synchronous clock from the GPS synchronization unit and communicates with the receiving circuit, and the receiving circuit is electrically connected to the communication circuit.

[0029] The described electrical method surface - to - borehole measurement subsystem is a surface - to - borehole transient electromagnetic logging instrument; the air - to - surface electromagnetic measurement subsystem is an airborne electromagnetic measurement instrument, which completes the function of airborne electromagnetic exploration of the ground.

[0030] As an auxiliary to the detection system, in addition to the above - mentioned subsystems, a high - power transmitting subsystem, a cable - powered communication subsystem, a down - hole instrument communication subsystem, a software subsystem, and a multi - mode electromagnetic data processing subsystem are added.

[0031] The high - power transmitting subsystem completes high - power transmission on the ground and in the borehole, and provides a precisely synchronized high - current emission source for borehole, surface - to - borehole, and air - to - surface measurements. The cable - powered communication subsystem completes the power supply and communication functions; the down - hole instrument communication subsystem completes the down - hole communication function; the software subsystem completes the system software protocol function; the multi - mode electromagnetic data processing subsystem mainly completes the function of jointly interpreting data from borehole, cross - well, surface - to - borehole, and air - to - surface.

[0032] As Figure 2 shown, the described electrical method surface receiving subsystem includes an acquisition center processing card and an encoding / decoding card. The acquisition center processing card is connected and communicates with a GPS module, a data transmission radio, and a host computer, sends a depth synchronization pulse to the encoding / decoding card, and sends a synchronous clock to the GPS synchronization unit of the electrical method borehole measurement subsystem and the GPS synchronization unit of the electrical method cross - well measurement subsystem. The encoding / decoding card is respectively connected and communicates with the host computer, the communication and control unit of the electrical method borehole measurement subsystem, the communication circuit of the electrical method cross - well measurement subsystem, the electrical method surface - to - borehole measurement subsystem, and the air - to - surface electromagnetic measurement subsystem. The above - mentioned data transmission radio, GPS module, acquisition center processing card, and encoding / decoding card are powered by a low - voltage power supply module.

[0033] The synchronous clock between the acquisition center processing card, the GPS module, the GPS synchronization unit of the in-well electrical method measurement subsystem, and the GPS synchronization unit of the in-well electrical method measurement subsystem is 152.6 Hz. The acquisition center processing card communicates with the data transmission radio via the RS232 interface, communicates with the host computer via the USB interface, acquires depth tension marks, and displays depth, speed, and GPS lock via the SPI bus.

[0034] As Figure 3 shown, the receiving circuit of the in-well electrical method measurement subsystem includes a receiving antenna, a noise matching circuit, a secondary amplification circuit, a switching circuit, a band-pass filtering circuit, an impedance transformation circuit, a variable gain amplification circuit, a 1 / f noise removal high-pass filtering circuit, an impedance transformation circuit, a single-ended to differential circuit, an 18-bit analog-to-digital conversion circuit, a single-chip microcomputer, and a telemetry unit, which are electrically connected in sequence. In addition, the single-chip microcomputer is also electrically connected to the synchronization unit, and the power supply unit supplies power to the receiving circuit.

[0035] A magnetic feedback circuit is connected between the receiving antenna and the secondary amplification circuit. The switching circuit can optionally be attached with a 4th-order power frequency filter, provides a reference voltage for the 18-bit analog-to-digital conversion circuit, provides an internal crystal oscillator for the single-chip microcomputer. The single-chip microcomputer DSP communicates with the 18-bit analog-to-digital conversion circuit via the SPI bus, communicates with the telemetry unit via the CAN bus, and communicates with the synchronization unit via the RS485 interface.

[0036] As Figure 4 shown, the transmitting circuit of the in-well electrical method measurement subsystem includes a downhole transformer electrically connected to the surface transformer. The downhole transformer is electrically connected to the transmitting antenna via a high-voltage DC circuit, a capacitor joint, and a power amplifier topology circuit, and is electrically connected to the power amplifier topology circuit via an AC circuit, a voltage stabilizing module, and a driving circuit. The voltage stabilizing module is also electrically connected to the driving circuit via a synchronous clock. The telemetry circuit is electrically connected to the transmitting antenna via a signal processing circuit and a frequency conversion control circuit. Both the transmitting antenna and the signal processing circuit are electrically connected to a magnetic flux, temperature, voltage and current monitoring circuit.

[0037] As Figure 5 shown, the downhole part of the in-well electrical method measurement subsystem is in the instrument cabin inside the pressure-resistant housing. A heat insulation layer is provided between the instrument cabin and the pressure-resistant housing. A radiator and a semiconductor refrigerator are provided at the end of the pressure-resistant housing, and the semiconductor refrigerator is connected to the heat pipe heat conductor inside the pressure-resistant housing.

[0038] In summary, the detection system disclosed in this embodiment adopts the means of separating the measurement of strong and weak electricity, which can solve the technical problems of high-current operation in deep wells. Based on the existing oil and gas logging device, an in-well electrical method measurement subsystem is carried on, separating the high-power transmitting strong electricity from the in-well weak electricity receiving, and configuring an electrical method ground receiving subsystem for high-speed acquisition and measurement, realizing the integrated measurement of in-well, well-to-well, well-to-ground, and air-to-ground. It realizes the functions of large-depth, high-precision three-dimensional detection and remote control, providing a powerful technical means for the fine evaluation of oil and gas resources. The detection system has a high degree of integration and can be connected to different types of downhole instrument short joints to achieve real-time transmission of measurement data.

[0039] This embodiment also discloses a multi-mode formation resistivity imaging detection method based on in-well, well-to-well, well-to-ground, and air-to-ground. Using the above detection system, the electrical method ground receiving subsystem obtains the electromagnetic detection information of the electrical method in-well measurement subsystem, the electrical method well-to-well measurement subsystem, the electrical method well-to-ground measurement subsystem, and the air-to-ground electromagnetic measurement subsystem, and inversely calculates the three-dimensional distribution of the formation resistivity based on this information.

[0040] Figure 6 , 7 is the formation resistivity profile obtained by using the detection method of this embodiment.

[0041] Specifically, the detection method of this embodiment first adopts a calculation method that combines numerical calculation methods and analytical calculation methods for the electromagnetic multiple coupling response relationship of underground target bodies, introduces a model simplification and dimension reduction processing strategy, and conducts multi-dimensional, cross-scale, and accurate forward modeling research on geological bodies; Secondly, an intelligent inversion technology based on neural network deep learning is adopted to extract electromagnetic sensitive parameters and perform fast and high-precision tomography on deep geological bodies to realize the prediction and evaluation of underground targets.

[0042] Finally, a three-dimensional joint inversion module for in-well, well-to-well, well-to-ground, and air-to-ground is adopted. According to multi-mode measurement data, the three-dimensional distribution of the formation resistivity is inversely calculated. The processing and interpretation of on-site measurements of multi-mode electromagnetic instruments are combined with the development history of oil and gas fields, production dynamic data, and the enrichment law of remaining oil and gas in the inter-well formation profile to form a comprehensive interpretation and evaluation function.

[0043] In summary, the detection method of this embodiment uses a method that combines numerical and analytical methods, adopts multi-threaded parallel computing technology to achieve fast forward and inverse modeling, combines geological data to reduce the spurious solutions of inversion; uses multi-threaded parallel technology, wavelet compression storage method, observation data adaptive sampling method, and model adaptive meshing method to improve the calculation speed for large-scale data inversion; jointly inverts in-well, well-to-well, well-to-ground, and air-to-ground data, increasing the degree of extraction of underground model space information from the inversion data space and improving the resolution of inversion.

Claims

1. A multi-mode formation resistivity imaging detection system based on well, well-well, well-ground and open-ground, characterized by: The invention comprises an electrical ground receiving subsystem and an electrical well measurement subsystem, an electrical well-to-ground measurement subsystem, an electrical well-to-ground measurement subsystem and an air-to-ground electromagnetic measurement subsystem connected and communicated with the electrical well measurement subsystem; the electrical well measurement subsystem comprises an uphole part and a downhole part, the uphole part comprises a GPS synchronization unit, a communication and control unit and a winch, the downhole part comprises an array lateral unit, an array sensing unit, an array dielectric unit and a transient electromagnetic unit driven by the winch to move up and down in the well, the array lateral unit, the array sensing unit, the array dielectric unit and the transient electromagnetic unit obtain information from the GPS synchronization unit Synchronous clock, communicate with the communication and control unit; the electrical well-to-ground measurement subsystem includes an uphole part and a downhole part, the uphole part includes a GPS synchronization unit, a communication circuit, a receiving circuit and a winch, the downhole part includes a transmitting circuit and an inter-well electromagnetic unit driven by the winch to move up and down in the well, the inter-well electromagnetic unit is electrically connected to the transmitting circuit, the transmitting circuit obtains the synchronous clock from the GPS synchronization unit, communicates with the receiving circuit, and the receiving circuit is electrically connected to the communication circuit; the electrical well-to-ground measurement subsystem is a well-to-ground transient electromagnetic measuring instrument; the air-to-ground electromagnetic measurement subsystem is an airborne electromagnetic measuring instrument.

2. The multi-mode formation resistivity imaging detection system based on well, well-well, well-ground and open-ground according to claim 1 is characterized by: The electrical ground receiving subsystem includes a collection center processing card and a codec card, wherein the collection center processing card is connected and communicated with the GPS module, the data transmission radio and the host computer, sends a depth synchronization pulse to the codec card, and sends a synchronization clock to the GPS synchronization unit of the electrical well measurement subsystem and the GPS synchronization unit of the electrical well measurement subsystem; the codec card is respectively connected and communicated with the host computer, the communication and control unit of the electrical well measurement subsystem, the communication circuit of the electrical well measurement subsystem, the electrical well-ground measurement subsystem and the air-to-ground electromagnetic measurement subsystem; the low-voltage power supply module supplies power to the above-mentioned data transmission radio, GPS module, collection center processing card and codec card.

3. The multi-mode formation resistivity imaging detection system based on well, well-well, well-ground and open-ground according to claim 2 is characterized by: The synchronization clock between the acquisition center processing card and the GPS module, the GPS synchronization unit of the electrical well measurement subsystem, and the GPS synchronization unit of the electrical well measurement subsystem is 152.6Hz. The acquisition center processing card communicates with the data transmission radio through the RS232 interface and with the host computer through the USB interface, collects depth tension marks and displays the depth, speed and GPS lock through the SPI bus.

4. The multi-mode formation resistivity imaging detection system based on well, well-well, well-ground and open-ground according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The receiving circuit of the electrical well measurement subsystem includes a receiving antenna, a noise matching circuit, a secondary amplifier circuit, a switching circuit, a bandpass filter circuit, an impedance conversion circuit, a variable gain amplifier circuit, a high-pass filter circuit, an impedance conversion circuit, a single-ended to differential circuit, an 18-bit analog-to-digital conversion circuit, a single-chip microcomputer and a telemetry unit, which are electrically connected together in sequence. In addition, the single-chip microcomputer is also electrically connected to the synchronization unit, and the receiving circuit is powered by a power supply unit.

5. The multi-mode formation resistivity imaging detection system based on well, well-well, well-ground and open-ground according to claim 4 is characterized in that: A magnetic feedback circuit is connected between the receiving antenna and the secondary amplifier circuit. The switch circuit is equipped with a 4th-order industrial frequency filter to provide a reference voltage for the 18-bit analog-to-digital conversion circuit and an internal crystal oscillator for the microcontroller. The microcontroller communicates with the 18-bit analog-to-digital conversion circuit through the SPI bus, with the telemetry unit through the CAN bus, and with the synchronization unit through the RS485 interface.

6. The multi-mode formation resistivity imaging detection system based on well, well-well, well-ground and open-ground according to claim 1 is characterized by: The transmitting circuit of the electrical well measurement subsystem includes a downhole transformer electrically connected to the uphole transformer, the downhole transformer is electrically connected to the transmitting antenna through a high-voltage DC circuit, a capacitor short section, and a power amplifier topology circuit, and is electrically connected to the power amplifier topology circuit through an AC circuit, a voltage stabilizing module, and a driving circuit. The voltage stabilizing module is also electrically connected to the driving circuit through a synchronous clock, the telemetry circuit is electrically connected to the transmitting antenna through a signal processing circuit and a frequency conversion control circuit, and the transmitting antenna and the signal processing circuit are both electrically connected to the flux, temperature, voltage and current monitoring circuits.

7. The multi-mode formation resistivity imaging detection system based on well, well-well, well-ground and open-ground according to claim 1 is characterized by: The downhole part of the electrical well measurement subsystem is in the instrument cabin inside the pressure-resistant shell, an insulation layer is arranged between the instrument cabin and the pressure-resistant shell, a radiator and a semiconductor cooler are arranged at the end of the pressure-resistant shell, and the semiconductor cooler is connected to the heat pipe heat conductor inside the pressure-resistant shell.

8. A multi-mode formation resistivity imaging detection method based on well, well-well, well-ground, and open-ground, using the detection system of claim 1, characterized in that: The electrical ground receiving subsystem obtains electromagnetic detection information from the electrical well measurement subsystem, the electrical well-to-hole measurement subsystem, the electrical well-to-ground measurement subsystem and the air-to-ground electromagnetic measurement subsystem, and inverts and calculates the three-dimensional distribution of formation resistivity based on the information.

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