Automobile awning power generation glass based on fluorescent solar concentrator

Abstract

The invention relates to automobile backdrop power generation glass based on a fluorescent solar concentrator, belongs to the technical field of integration of fluorescent solar concentrators and automobile photovoltaics, and solves the technical problem that traditional backdrop glass does not have an in-automobile cooling function and a solar power generation function. According to the invention, high fluorescence quantum efficiency (gt; the fluorescent solar concentrator with a single-layer or multi-layer structure is formed by combining a blade coating process, a spin coating process or an ultraviolet polymerization process and is coupled with a side edge solar cell module. The light condensation layer converts wide-spectrum sunlight into narrow-spectrum fluorescent light matched with the cell by utilizing the photoluminescence effect of a nano material, and the fluorescent light is converged to the side cell through the total reflection waveguide effect to realize power generation; meanwhile, the nanometer material has the functions of selectively filtering ultraviolet spectrum, reducing the temperature in the vehicle and the like. By optimizing the stability and interface coupling of the nanometer material, efficient power generation, semitransparent light transmission and long-term environment stability of the sunscreen glass are achieved, and an innovative solution is provided for energy conservation, emission reduction and intelligent heat management of new energy automobiles.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical fields of fluorescent solar concentrators and new energy technologies, and particularly to a device that combines a fluorescent solar concentrator with the sunroof glass of a new energy vehicle, as well as high-performance nanomaterials and a large-area film-forming process. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous improvement of the automotive industry's demand for energy conservation and emission reduction and the wide application of clean energy in this field, how to achieve intelligent regulation of the in-vehicle environment and autonomous energy supply has become the focus of innovation. As an important carrier of clean energy, photovoltaic materials are gradually being applied to the exterior design of vehicles to achieve the dual goals of energy recovery and thermal environment optimization. Among them, nanomaterials have shown significant advantages in the field of spectral selective absorption due to their unique optoelectronic properties. Currently, the functions of traditional sunroof glass mainly focus on environmental protection, and there are few applications in the field of energy conversion. Although semi-transparent organic photovoltaics and perovskite photovoltaics are considered to be one of the excellent choices for sunroof glass, there are also some problems that cannot be ignored. For example, the instability of the materials makes the lifespan not meet the requirements of automotive-grade, it is difficult to prepare on a large scale, the efficiency of the device has a strong dependence on the incident angle of sunlight, and the complex wiring involved in semi-transparent photovoltaic devices is also not conducive to their application. Fluorescent solar concentrators have the advantages of light transmittance and photovoltaic properties, omnidirectional light collection, no need for complex wiring, and easy large-area preparation, and are widely used in building-integrated photovoltaics. Therefore, developing a sunroof glass that integrates high-efficiency power generation, high-efficiency heat insulation, and cooling functions through the working mechanism of fluorescent solar concentrators has become the key innovation direction to break through the limitations of existing technologies. This structure needs to solve core technical challenges such as the stability of nanomaterials, multi-layer interface optical coupling, automotive-grade reliability, and comfortable human-machine relationship. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of the problems in the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides a power generation glass for a car sunroof based on a fluorescent solar concentrator to solve the technical problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art. The nanomaterials are synthesized by appropriate methods, and the types of raw materials, ratios or reaction conditions are adjusted to control key parameters such as their absorption and fluorescence spectra, fluorescence quantum yield, etc. After the obtained high-performance quantum dot materials are fully mixed with the polymer, they are formed into a film on a suitable substrate by means of blade coating, coating and curing with ultraviolet curing glue. After coupling a solar cell to the side of the substrate, it is encapsulated together with an external protective glass layer on the top of a motor vehicle. When sunlight shines on the sunroof glass, the nanomaterials absorb specific wavelength components in the broadband sunlight and convert them into fluorescence with a longer wavelength, realizing the conversion from broadband sunlight to the working wavelength of the solar cell. The fluorescence emitted by the nanomaterials is transmitted to the side of the substrate through total internal reflection in the waveguide layer of the substrate, converging to the side edge of the fluorescent solar concentrator to achieve a light concentration effect; subsequently, the fluorescence hits the surface of the solar cell coupled to the side, realizing the power generation function of the sunroof glass. The performance of some of the materials and devices involved in the present invention is as follows:

[0004] Figure 1 , Absorption and emission spectra of high-performance nanomaterials: (a), (b) are fluorescence and absorption spectra of CuInS2 / ZnS quantum dots; (c), (d) are fluorescence and absorption spectra of carbon dot materials.

[0005] Figure 2 , Photographs of the prepared fluorescent solar concentrator with and without light: (a), (b), (c) are fluorescent solar concentrator devices obtained by ultraviolet polymerization based on CuInS2 / ZnS quantum dots; (d), (e) are fluorescent solar concentrator devices obtained by blade coating based on carbon dot materials.

[0006] Figure 3 , Electrical tests are carried out on the obtained fluorescent solar concentrator and the used solar cell under standard sunlight: (a) and (b) are the J-V curves of the fluorescent solar concentrator devices based on CuInS2 / ZnS quantum dots and carbon dot materials and the corresponding used solar cells respectively.

[0007] Figure 4 , Calculation results of the interior temperature of a car before and after using ordinary sunroof glass and this invention.

[0008] Figure 5 , Assemble the obtained fluorescent solar concentrator with a model car: (a) and (b) respectively show the interior of the car and the photograph of the assembled product. Detailed implementation mode

[0009] To elaborate on the technical implementation path of the present invention in detail, the following will further describe the implementation manners of the present invention in combination with specific embodiments. It should be noted that the selection of the following embodiments aims to clarify the technical solutions of the present invention in a verifiable manner. Its core role is to provide clear technical understanding and application guidance for those skilled in the art, rather than limiting the protection scope of the claims of the present invention in the form of enumeration.

[0010] It should be particularly pointed out that for the process methods, detection processes or experimental operations cited in the embodiments and comparative examples of the present invention, if not specially marked, they all refer to the general technical means well-known in the art; the expressions of process step names, material abbreviations, etc. involved are all standard terms widely recognized in this technical field. Relevant practitioners can accurately call the known technical paths based on the above general names and complete specific implementations according to the industry's conventional operation specifications or the guiding parameters provided by equipment suppliers.

[0011] For the instrument equipment, raw materials, reagents, etc. used in the embodiments of the present invention, the selection criteria do not involve specific supply chain restrictions and all meet any of the following acquisition conditions: ① Standardized industrial products that can be purchased through public commercial channels; ② Can be independently prepared according to the synthesis methods or processing techniques generally mastered by those skilled in the art. The specification parameters and usage methods of the above materials all meet the conventional application requirements of the technical field to which they belong. Example Example 1

[0012] Weigh 1 g of PMMA (molecular weight about 350,000) and disperse it in chloroform solvent. After ultrasonic treatment to dissolve it completely. Then add 2.5 ml of chloroform dispersion of nanocrystals to this solution, seal the mixing system and stir continuously overnight to obtain a homogeneous slurry. Centrifuge the above slurry at a speed of 2000 revolutions per minute (rpm). Drop the centrifuged supernatant onto the surface of a borosilicate glass substrate, and use the spin-coating method or the doctor-blade method to form a film to prepare a fluorescent solar concentrator device. Among them, the spin-coating method is suitable for the preparation of small-sized fluorescent solar concentrators, while the doctor-blade method is suitable for the large-scale processing of large-sized fluorescent solar concentrators.

[0013] Use an ultraviolet-curing glue that matches the refractive index of the substrate to fix a solar cell with a suitable size on the side of the solar concentrator layer to obtain a fluorescent solar concentrator. Connect it to a Keithley 2400 standard solar cell source meter. Record its J-V curve under standard sunlight (AM1.5G). Package the fluorescent solar concentrator with the designed assembled vehicle model, and it can charge the circuit in the vehicle under light conditions. Example 2

[0014] Mix the PDMS prepolymer (substrate and curing agent) with a mass ratio of 5:1 evenly with 0.05 wt% quantum dot solution. After vacuum degassing, inject it into a glass mold, control the liquid level slightly higher than the mold edge, and then cure it in an oven at 60 - 80 °C for 2.5 h to obtain the fluorescent solar concentrator layer. Then, prepare a 60% by volume ethylene glycol (EG) solution with deionized water as the solvent, mix it with the PDMS prepolymer at a mass ratio of 1:3 and vacuum degas for 2 h to obtain the precursor. Finally, attach the fluorescent solar concentrator layer to the inner surface of a new mold, inject the precursor solution and completely cover the fluorescent solar concentrator layer, and after secondary curing at 60 - 80 °C for 2.5 h, obtain a fluorescent solar concentrator device with a sandwich structure.

[0015] Use an ultraviolet-curable glue with refractive index matching to optically couple a solar cell with a suitable size to the side edge of the solar concentrator layer to construct a component with a total internal reflection waveguide structure. Connect the circuit part through a Keithley 2400 source meter, and measure its J-V characteristic curve under the standard irradiance condition of AM1.5G to evaluate the photoelectric conversion efficiency and concentration gain. Further integrate the electrical module into the roof sky curtain glass component, complete the matching and adaptation with the vehicle structure through the automotive-grade packaging process, and finally verify its function of continuously supplying power to the vehicle-mounted low-voltage circuit through a natural light illumination experiment. Example 3

[0016] Disperse the prepared nanoparticles into a chloroform solution, remove the solvent by vacuum filtration, and continuously introduce nitrogen to prevent sample oxidation; then mix lauryl methacrylate (LMA) and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDM) at a mass ratio of 5:1, and add the ultraviolet initiator diphenyl(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)phosphine oxide. After ultrasonic treatment until the solution is clear. Then inject it into a mold composed of two glass plates and a flexible rubber gasket, apply ultraviolet irradiation to the mixed liquid in the mold for 10 min to initiate the polymerization reaction, and then keep it in the dark and static for 30 min while keeping the mold closed to prevent cracking; finally, anneal the formed sheet at 60 - 80 °C for 10 min, and complete the preparation after cooling to room temperature.

[0017] Use a refractive index-matching ultraviolet-curable glue to optically couple a solar cell with a suitable size to the side edge of the solar concentrator layer to form a component with a total internal reflection waveguide structure. Subsequently, connect the circuit through a Keithley 2400 source meter, and measure its J-V characteristic curve under the standard spectral irradiance of AM1.5G to characterize the photoelectric conversion efficiency and concentration gain effect. Further integrate the fluorescent solar concentrator onto the roof, achieve the structural adaptation with the vehicle model through the automotive-grade packaging process, and finally verify its functionality of continuously supplying power to the vehicle-mounted low-voltage circuit under natural light conditions.

Claims

1. A car skylight power generation glass based on fluorescent solar concentrator, characterized in that: The main body is a fluorescent solar concentrator and a solar cell coupled to the side, which is encapsulated on the roof as a skylight glass to absorb solar rays to generate electricity and save energy, and reduce light exposure inside the car and lower the temperature.

2. The fluorescent solar concentrator according to claim 1, characterized in that: By utilizing the photoluminescence of nanomaterials, broad-spectrum sunlight is converted into quantum dot fluorescence with a relatively narrow wavelength range that matches the operating band of solar cells.

3. The nanomaterial according to claim 2, characterized in that: It can be quantum dots, metal nanoclusters, carbon dot materials or perovskite materials, etc., with a size of 1 to 100 nm, a fluorescence quantum yield of more than 80%, a small reabsorption effect, and good stability.

4. The fluorescent solar concentrator according to claim 2, characterized in that: The nanomaterials are dissolved in the polymer material and attached to the substrate using processes such as scraping, coating or UV polymerization to form a single-layer structure, that is, nanomaterial / substrate, or a multi-layer overlapping structure of nanomaterials and substrates to achieve enhanced functions.

5. The polymer material according to claim 4, characterized in that The material may be polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) or other materials that can be used for film formation.

6. The substrate according to claim 4, characterized in that It can be quartz glass, silicate glass or similar materials that can be used as skylight glass.

7. The skylight glass of the fluorescent solar concentrator according to claim 1, characterized in that: It is translucent when there is no light, and its specific color is related to the type and properties of the material. It can effectively filter out harmful ultraviolet components in sunlight and reduce the temperature inside the car.

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