Magnetic armature, electromagnetic actuator and method for producing magnetic armature

Abstract

The invention relates to a magnetic armature (10a-j) for an electromagnetic actuator (12a-j), having an outer surface (14a-j) and a sliding unit (16a-j) arranged on the outer surface (14a-j) for optimizing tribological properties, for example reducing friction and / or wear, with a magnetic armature guide unit (18a-j), for example an armature guide tube or pole tube of the electromagnetic armature (12a-j). According to the invention, the sliding unit (16a-j) covers only a part of the entire side surface (20a-j) of the magnetic armature (10a-j), in particular the armature running surface of the magnetic armature (10a-j).

Description

Field of the Invention

[0001] The present invention relates to a magnetic armature according to the preamble of claim 1, an electromagnetic actuator according to claim 16, and a method for producing a magnetic armature according to the preamble of claim 17. Background Art

[0002] It has been proposed that a magnetic armature for an electromagnetic actuator has a sliding unit arranged on an outer surface for reducing friction in a pole tube of the electromagnetic actuator.

[0003] The object of the present invention is in particular to provide a general device which has advantageous properties in terms of efficiency, in particular in terms of tribological properties and / or production complexity. According to the present invention, this object is achieved by the features of claims 1, 16 and 17, while advantageous configurations and developments of the present invention can be obtained from the dependent claims. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention is based on a magnetic armature for an electromagnetic actuator, the magnetic armature having an outer surface and a sliding unit arranged on the outer surface of the magnetic armature for optimizing the tribological properties of the magnetic armature, for example reducing wear of the magnetic armature and / or friction with a magnetic armature guiding unit of the electromagnetic actuator (for example, an armature guiding tube or a pole tube).

[0005] The present invention proposes that the sliding unit covers only a part of the total lateral surface area of the magnetic armature, in particular a part of the armature running surface of the magnetic armature. Thus, advantageous properties regarding the tribological properties of the magnetic armature can be achieved. The friction and / or wear of the magnetic armature caused by the movement in the magnetic armature guiding unit can be advantageously kept as low as possible. Thus, the number of switching cycles of the electromagnetic actuator having a magnetic armature according to the invention can be advantageously increased. The coating can advantageously be restricted to the region of the outer surface of the magnetic armature, in particular to the region of the total lateral surface area of the magnetic armature, which regions come into contact with the inner wall of the magnetic armature guiding unit during the movement in the magnetic armature guiding unit and / or when the magnetic armature is in a neutral state in the magnetic armature guiding unit (i.e., in particular when the magnetic armature is supported immovably in the magnetic armature guiding unit). For example, during the movement of the magnetic armature in the magnetic armature guiding unit, or when the magnetic armature is in a neutral state in the magnetic guiding unit, the magnetic armature can produce a minimal inclination in the magnetic armature guiding unit, in particular due to a minimal clearance of, for example, a few hundredths of a millimeter, such that the planar magnetic armature contacts the inner wall of the magnetic armature guiding device only diametrically ("upper left and lower right", and vice versa), and the remaining part of the outer surface of the planar magnetic armature, in particular the total lateral surface area of the planar magnetic armature, remains non-contact with the inner wall of the magnetic armature guiding unit. Generally, at least in the new state of the magnetic armature, the magnetic armature supported in the magnetic armature guiding unit with a minimal clearance never contacts the inner wall of the magnetic armature guiding unit axially continuously or over the entire surface, but is slightly inclined. Thus, at least when the movement starts or stops, an increased tribological load can act on the edge region of the outer surface of the magnetic armature, in particular on the edge region of the total lateral surface area of the magnetic armature. The proposed invention advantageously reduces or prevents this effect.

[0006] The magnetic armature is particularly formed as a linearly movable armature. However, alternatively, it is also conceivable to configure the magnetic armature as a rotating armature. In particular, the armature is configured to interact with the electromagnetic field of the magnetic coil of the electromagnetic actuator. In particular, the armature is configured to be subjected to forces, in particular moving forces, due to the interaction with the electromagnetic field of the magnetic coil. Preferably, the force acting on the magnetic armature due to the interaction with the electromagnetic field of the magnetic coil causes the magnetic armature to move linearly at least along the magnetic guiding unit of the electromagnetic actuator. The magnetic armature particularly forms the movable magnetic core, in particular the iron core, of the electromagnetic actuator. In this case, the magnetic actuator can be formed at least in part, preferably at least mostly, of soft iron (metal sheets or solid materials). Alternative magnetic armature materials such as silicon iron alloys (electrical steel sheets), nickel iron alloys, cobalt iron alloys, aluminum iron alloys or ferrite materials are also conceivable. In particular, the electromagnetic actuator forms an electromagnet. The magnetic armature can have at least a substantially columnar outer shape. Preferably, the magnetic armature is supported to be movable in the axial direction of the columnar outer shape. Preferably, the total lateral surface area of the magnetic armature forms the lateral surface area of the columnar outer shape of the magnetic armature. In particular, the total lateral surface area of the magnetic armature forms the so-called operating surface or lateral surface area of the magnetic armature. The sliding unit is preferably formed as a component of the magnetic armature, which in particular has a significantly reduced sliding friction coefficient and / or static friction coefficient compared to the "naked" magnetic armature, i.e., in particular the magnetically active material of the magnetic armature. Preferably, the sliding unit reduces the sliding friction coefficient and / or static friction coefficient by at least 20%, preferably at least 50%, compared to the uncovered / "naked" magnetic armature. The sliding unit can be applied to the outer surface of the magnetic armature, in particular the magnetically active material part of the magnetic armature, by coating, painting, adhesive bonding or by other surface application methods known to those skilled in the art. The magnetic armature guiding unit is particularly formed by the armature guiding tube of the electromagnetic actuator, the pole tube of the electromagnetic actuator, the core tube of the electromagnetic actuator, etc. Preferably, the magnetic coil of the electromagnetic actuator is arranged / wound on at least a part of the magnetic armature guiding unit or on the entire magnetic armature guiding unit. Preferably, the magnetic armature guiding unit is configured to guide, in particular linearly guide, the magnetic armature, which moves due to the force generated by the interaction with the electromagnetic field of the magnetic coil. "Configured" should be particularly understood as specifically programmed, designed and / or equipped. An object being configured for a specific function should be particularly understood as the object implementing and / or performing the specific function in at least one use state and / or operating state.

[0007] Furthermore, the present invention proposes that the sliding unit is formed by a dry lubricant layer. Thus, high durability and / or service life can be advantageously achieved. In addition, efficient (e.g., inexpensive and fast) application of the sliding unit can be advantageously achieved. The dry lubricant layer can be formed as a dry lubricant coating or a dry lubricant paint. It is conceivable here that the dry lubricant layer is formed as a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) - based dry lubricant layer, in particular a PTFE dry lubricant layer. However, alternative dry lubricants are also conceivable. In particular, the outer surface of the magnetic armature, in particular the total side surface area, preferably at least the running surface or the side surface area, is partially covered by the sliding unit and preferably partially coated with the dry lubricant layer. The sliding unit forms a protrusion (e.g., as low as 1 mm or less) relative to the non - sliding - unit outer surface of the magnetic armature. However, alternatively, the sliding unit can also be at least substantially flush with the non - sliding - unit outer surface of the magnetic armature.

[0008] If the total side surface area covered by the sliding unit is less than 75%, preferably less than 50%, preferably less than 40%, particularly preferably less than 30%, then high efficiency can be advantageously achieved, especially in terms of production complexity such as cost, material consumption, and time overhead. Advantageously, by only partially covering the total side surface area with the sliding unit, the material requirements, especially the dry lubricant requirements, can be significantly reduced. In addition to cost reduction, occupational safety and / or environmental compatibility can be advantageously improved, especially when the sliding unit contains materials that are critical to health or environmental technology.

[0009] Furthermore, the present invention proposes that the sliding unit is arranged only in the respective closed regions of the two axial ends of the total side surface area of the magnetic armature, or only in the closed region of a single axial end of the two axial ends of the total side surface area of the magnetic armature. Thus, particularly effective protection against tribological loads can be advantageously achieved, which is advantageous in terms of environmental compatibility and / or occupational safety compatibility, especially since in many cases, the closed regions at the axial ends of the magnetic armature are subjected to particularly high tribological loads. The closed regions preferably include the respective edges of the respective axial ends of the total side surface area. In this context, the "closed region of the axial end of the total side surface area" should be particularly understood as the region of the total side surface area formed by the points of the total side surface area that are spaced from the edges of the axial ends of the total side surface area by a distance of at most 25% of the total axial extent of the total side surface area, preferably at most 15% of the total axial extent of the total side surface area, preferably at most 10% of the total axial extent of the total side surface area, particularly preferably at most 5% of the total axial extent of the total side surface area. The axial ends of the total side surface area are particularly formed by the cylinder head / cylinder base regions in the axial direction of the magnetic armature formed as at least substantially cylindrical.

[0010] Furthermore, the present invention proposes that the central region of the total side surface region, in particular the axial central region, is formed on the total circumference of the outer surface in a non-sliding unit manner, and this central region includes at least 40%, preferably at least 50%, and preferably at least 60% of the total longitudinal extent of the magnetic armature in the axial direction of the magnetic armature. Therefore, particularly effective protection against tribological loads can be advantageously achieved, while significantly reducing costs and / or achieving good environmental and / or occupational safety compatibility. In particular, the central region of the total side surface region extends to the same extent in both axial directions from the axial center (in particular from half of the longitudinal length of the magnetic armature) of the total side surface region.

[0011] Alternatively, the present invention proposes that the central region of the total side surface region is partially covered by sliding units, and this central region includes at least 40%, preferably at least 50%, and preferably at least 60% of the total longitudinal extent of the magnetic armature. Therefore, particularly reliable protection against tribological loads can be advantageously achieved, where in as many possible cases as possible, especially when the magnetic armature is located in the magnetic armature guiding unit, friction and / or wear can be reliably reduced. In particular, depending on the number of switching cycles, the contact surface of the magnetic armature relative to the magnetic armature guiding unit can be widened towards the central region, so that the total side surface region can be advantageously partially covered, especially covering the central region therein.

[0012] If the axial edge region of the outer surface or both axial edge regions of the outer surface are partially or completely covered by sliding units, particularly effective protection against tribological loads can be advantageously achieved, especially because in many cases, the axial edge regions of the magnetic armature are subjected to particularly high tribological loads. In particular, the axial edge region includes at least the edge of the respective axial end of the magnetic armature. In particular, seen from the edge, the sliding unit can extend in both axial directions beyond the edge. In this case, the sliding unit can extend from the side surface region of the columnar magnetic armature beyond the edge and into at least a part of the base region of the columnar magnetic armature.

[0013] Alternatively, the present invention proposes that the axial edge region of the outer surface or both axial edge regions of the outer surface are not covered by sliding units. Therefore, the secure fit of the sliding unit on the magnetic armature can be advantageously ensured. The potential weakening of the adhesion force between the sliding unit and the edge can be advantageously avoided. Furthermore, especially by omitting the edge region, which is significantly more complex for setting planar sliding units, during the application process of the sliding unit, the production efficiency can be advantageously increased. Therefore, the production scrap rate can be advantageously maintained at a low level.

[0014] If the sliding unit has multiple sliding elements arranged separately from each other on the outer surface, high efficiency, in particular material efficiency and / or cost efficiency, can be advantageously achieved. The total amount of material required for the sliding units produced for each magnetic armature can be significantly reduced advantageously. In this case, the sliding elements can have at least partially uniform and / or at least partially different profiles. For example, it is conceivable that the sliding unit has at least two or more uniform sliding elements (with the same profile and dimensions). Alternatively or additionally, the sliding unit can have at least two or more different sliding elements (with different profiles and / or dimensions).

[0015] In this context, the present invention proposes that at least one, preferably multiple, and preferably all of the sliding elements have at least a substantially circular profile or at least a substantially elliptical profile. Thus, it is possible to advantageously achieve as low a ratio of the perimeter to the area of each sliding element as possible. A "substantially circular profile" can also be particularly understood as a profile that has a partially circular shape only in some regions (e.g., a semi-circle). A "substantially elliptical profile" can also be particularly understood as a profile that has a partially elliptical shape only in some regions (e.g., a semi-ellipse).

[0016] Furthermore, the present invention proposes that at least one, preferably multiple, and preferably all of the sliding elements extend in a strip-like or ribbon-like manner. Thus, it is possible to advantageously achieve the alignment of the sliding elements in the total side surface area (e.g., relative to the axial direction of the magnetic armature). Thus, particularly good tribological properties can be advantageously achieved. A strip and / or a ribbon should be particularly understood as a longitudinally extending shape with a non-zero transverse length. Preferably, the length of the strip-like and / or ribbon-like sliding element in the surface direction (the direction extending over the total side surface area) is at least three times its length in the surface direction that is at least substantially perpendicular to this direction (ignoring the surface curvature of the total side surface area).

[0017] If the main extension direction of at least one of the sliding elements extending in a strip-like or ribbon-like manner extends at least substantially parallel to the axial direction of a particularly columnar magnetic armature, the sliding unit can advantageously achieve an additional motion guiding function.

[0018] If, alternatively or additionally, the main extension direction of at least one sliding element extending in a strip-like or ribbon-like manner is inclined with respect to the axial direction of the magnetic armature, and / or if at least one of the sliding elements extending in a ribbon-like form extends at least substantially helically around the outer surface, it is possible to advantageously achieve a particularly good coverage of most of the total side surface area while reducing the amount of material required for the sliding unit. Furthermore, the risk of tilting of the magnetic armature during its movement in the magnetic armature guiding unit can be advantageously reduced thereby. In particular, the longitudinal direction of the sliding element extending in a strip-like or ribbon-like manner extends at an angle of at least ±10°, preferably at least ±20°, preferably at least ±30°, and particularly preferably less than ±80° with respect to the axial direction. In particular, the sliding element extending helically around the outer surface forms a right-handed helix or a left-handed helix. The sliding element extending helically around the outer surface area can extend over the entire axial extent of the total side surface area, or only over a part of the total axial extent of the total side surface area. Furthermore, the total side surface area can include a plurality of helical sliding elements. The helical sliding element can also form part of an interrupted helix formed by a plurality of sliding elements. In particular, the sliding element extending helically around the outer surface area extends at least half a turn, preferably at least one full turn, around the circumference of the total side surface area of the magnetic armature. The sliding element forms a protrusion (e.g., as low as 1 mm or less) with respect to the non-sliding outer surface of the magnetic armature. Alternatively, however, the sliding element can also be at least substantially flush with the non-sliding outer surface of the magnetic armature.

[0019] Furthermore, if at least one subset of more than two sliding elements is arranged at least substantially regularly (in particular at one or more recurring spacings) spaced apart from each other on the total side surface area, advantageous sliding characteristics of the magnetic armature in the magnetic armature guiding unit can be achieved. Furthermore, another subset of sliding elements (e.g., a subset of more than two sliding elements) can be spaced apart from each other irregularly on the total side surface area.

[0020] Furthermore, an electromagnetic actuator, in particular a pneumatic valve, having a magnetic armature is proposed. Thereby, a high service life of the electromagnetic actuator can be advantageously achieved, in particular a high service life in relation to cost reduction and high environmental and / or occupational safety compatibility. In particular, the electromagnetic actuator has a high number of switching cycles.

[0021] In addition, a method for producing a magnetic armature is proposed, wherein, in at least one production step, a sliding unit for optimizing the tribological properties of the magnetic armature (e.g., reducing wear and / or friction with the magnetic armature guiding unit) is applied to the outer surface of the magnetic armature, in particular by coating, adhesive bonding or painting, and wherein, in the production step, only a part of the total side surface area of the magnetic armature, in particular a part of the armature running surface of the magnetic armature, is covered by the sliding unit. Thus, advantageous properties related to the tribological properties of the magnetic armature can be achieved, in particular properties related to cost reduction and high environmental and / or occupational safety compatibility. Coating should be particularly understood as a production method of applying a layer of amorphous substance to the surface of an object. In particular, coating includes a variety of different production methods. For example, according to DIN 8580:2003-09, the standards under the main group "coating" include a series of possible production methods for applying the sliding unit.

[0022] The magnetic armature according to the invention, the electromagnetic actuator according to the invention and the method according to the invention are not intended to be limited to the above applications and embodiments. In particular, the magnetic armature according to the invention, the electromagnetic actuator according to the invention and the method according to the invention may have a plurality of individual elements, components and units different in number from those described herein to achieve the functions described herein. Description of the Drawings

[0023] Further advantages result from the following description of the drawings. Ten exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings. The drawings, the description and the claims incorporate many features. Those skilled in the art will also conveniently consider these features individually and combine them to form meaningful further combinations.

[0024] In the drawings: Figure 1 An electromagnetic actuator with a magnetic armature is schematically shown in a side sectional view, Figure 2 A schematic flow chart of a method for producing a magnetic armature is shown, Figure 3 A schematic side view of a first alternative magnetic armature is shown, Figure 4 A schematic side view of a second alternative magnetic armature is shown, Figure 5 A schematic side view of a third alternative magnetic armature is shown, Figure 6 A schematic side view of a fourth alternative magnetic armature is shown, Figure 7 A schematic side view of a fifth alternative magnetic armature is shown, Figure 8 A schematic side view of a sixth alternative magnetic armature is shown, Figure 9 shows a schematic side view of a seventh alternative magnetic armature, Figure 10 shows a schematic side view of an eighth alternative magnetic armature, Figure 11 A schematic side view of a ninth alternative magnetic armature is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] Figure 1 The electromagnetic actuator 12a is schematically shown in a side sectional view. The electromagnetic actuator 12a can be formed as a pneumatic valve. The electromagnetic actuator 12a is configured and designed for a high number of switching cycles. The electromagnetic actuator 12a is formed as an electromagnet. The electromagnetic actuator 12a has a magnetic coil 48a. The magnetic coil 48a is configured to generate an electromagnetic field. The electromagnetic actuator 12a has a magnetic armature 10a. The electromagnetic field of the magnetic coil 48a is configured to cause the magnetic armature 10a to perform a linear movement. The electromagnetic actuator 12a includes a magnetic armature guide unit 18a. The magnetic armature guide unit 18a is formed as a pole tube. The magnetic armature guide unit 18a is configured to guide the movement of the magnetic armature 10a in a longitudinally movable manner.

[0026] exist Figure 1 In the figure, for ease of illustration, the magnetic armature 10a is supported with an excessively large gap in the magnetic armature guide unit 18a. The gap that actually exists is usually much smaller. However, frequent hot spots of wear can be shown in this description. Due to the gap, the magnetic armature 10a can be slightly tilted in the magnetic armature guide unit 18a, so that there can be preferred contact points, which are often subject to increased friction and thus increased wear. The magnetic armature 10a has a cylindrical shape. The magnetic armature 10a has an axial direction 46a. The magnetic armature 10a has a longitudinal extension 34a in the axial direction 46a. The magnetic armature 10a has an outer surface 14a. The (columnar) magnetic armature 10a has a total side surface area 20a. The (columnar) magnetic armature 10a has a base area 50a, 52a.

[0027] The magnetic armature 10a has a sliding unit 16a. The sliding unit 16a is formed by one or more dry lubricant layers. The sliding unit 16a is arranged on the outer surface 14a of the magnetic armature 10a. The sliding unit 16a is arranged on the total side surface area 20a of the magnetic armature 10a. The sliding unit 16a is configured to optimize the tribological performance of the magnetic armature 10a. The sliding unit 16a is configured to reduce the friction between the magnetic armature 10a and the magnetic armature guiding unit 18a. The sliding unit 16a is configured to reduce the wear of the magnetic armature 10a. The sliding unit 16a only covers a part of the total side surface area 20a of the magnetic armature 10a. The sliding unit 16a only covers a part of the armature running surface of the magnetic armature 10a. The sliding unit 16a only covers the part of the total side surface area 20a of the magnetic armature 10a that has the highest contact probability of contacting the magnetic armature guiding unit 18a. The sliding unit 16a covers less than 50% of the total side surface area 20a of the magnetic armature 10a. The sliding unit 16a is only arranged in a single enclosed area 24a of only one of the two axial ends 26a, 28a of the total side surface area 20a of the magnetic armature 10a. The central area 32a of the total side surface area 20a is formed in a non-sliding unit 16a manner over the entire circumference of the outer surface 14a, and this central area 32a includes at least 60% of the total longitudinal range 34a of the magnetic armature 10a. Only one axial edge area 36a of the outer surface 14a of the magnetic armature 10a is completely covered by the sliding unit 16a. The other axial edge area 38a of the outer surface 14a is not covered by the sliding unit 16a. The sliding unit 16a covers one of the axial edge areas 36a of the outer surface 14a of the magnetic armature 10a over the entire surface area.

[0028] Figure 2 A schematic flow chart of a method for producing the magnetic armature 10a is shown. In at least one production step 54a, a magnetic armature 10a with an uncoated surface is produced and provided. In at least one production step 22a, the sliding unit 16a is applied to the outer surface 14a of the magnetic armature 10a. In this case, in the production step 22a, the sliding unit 16a only covers a part of the total side surface area 20a of the magnetic armature 10a. Subsequently, the magnetic armature 10a can be installed in the magnetic armature guiding unit 18a of the electromagnetic actuator 12a.

[0029] Figures 3 to 11 Nine other exemplary embodiments of the present invention are shown. The following description and drawings are basically limited to the differences between the exemplary embodiments. Regarding components with the same name, especially components with the same reference numerals, in principle, reference can also be made to the drawings and / or the description of other exemplary embodiments (especially Figure 1 and Figure 2 ). In order to distinguish the exemplary embodiments, in Figure 1 and Figure 2In it, the letter a is placed after the reference numeral of the exemplary embodiment. In Figures 3 to 11 the exemplary embodiment of, the letter a is replaced by the letters b to j.

[0030] Figure 3 A schematic side view of a first alternative magnetic armature 10b is shown. The first alternative magnetic armature 10b has a longitudinally extending portion 34b. The first alternative magnetic armature 10b has a sliding unit 16b. The sliding unit 16b is arranged on the outer surface 14b of the first alternative magnetic armature 10b. The sliding unit 16b is arranged on the total side surface area 20b of the first alternative magnetic armature 10b. The sliding unit 16b only covers a part of the total side surface area 20b of the first alternative magnetic armature 10b. The sliding unit 16b covers less than 60% of the total side surface area 20b of the first alternative magnetic armature 10b. The sliding unit 16b is only arranged in a single closed area 24b of a single axial end of the two axial ends 26b, 28b of the total side surface area 20b of the first alternative magnetic armature 10b. The central area 32b of the total side surface area 20b is formed in a manner without the sliding unit 16b over the entire circumference of the outer surface 14b, and this central area 32b includes at least 60% of the total longitudinal range 34b of the first alternative magnetic armature 10b. Neither of the two axial edge areas 36b, 38b of the outer surface 14b is covered by the sliding unit 16b. The sliding unit 16b has multiple sliding elements 40b, 42b. The sliding elements 40b, 42b are arranged separately from each other on the outer surface 14b. In Figure 3 the exemplary embodiment shown, multiple sliding elements 40b, 42b, even all the sliding elements 40b, 42b, have a circular profile. Alternatively, an oval profile can also be envisaged. On the total side surface area 20b, at least one subset of more than two sliding elements 40b, 42b are arranged at regular intervals from each other in the circumferential direction. Figure 3 The sliding elements 40b, 42b of the exemplary embodiment of are arranged once around the outer surface 14b of the magnetic armature 10b in the circumferential direction, at a distance almost equal from the edge 56b of the first alternative magnetic armature 10b. The sliding elements 40b, 42b are formed to protrude relative to the non-sliding-element outer surface 14b of the first alternative magnetic armature 10b.

[0031] Figure 4Shows a schematic side view of a second alternative magnetic armature 10c. The second alternative magnetic armature 10c has a longitudinally extending portion 34c. The second alternative magnetic armature 10c has a sliding unit 16c. The sliding unit 16c is arranged on the outer surface 14c of the second alternative magnetic armature 10c. The sliding unit 16c is arranged on the total side surface area 20c of the second alternative magnetic armature 10c. The sliding unit 16c only covers a part of the total side surface area 20c of the second alternative magnetic armature 10c. The sliding unit 16c covers less than 50% of the total side surface area 20c of the second alternative magnetic armature 10c. The central region 32c of the total side surface area 20c is partially covered by the sliding unit 16c, and this central region 32c includes at least 40% of the total longitudinal extent 34c of the second alternative magnetic armature 10c. Neither of the two axial edge regions 36c, 38c of the outer surface 14c is covered by the sliding unit 16c. The sliding unit 16c has multiple sliding elements 40c, 42c. The sliding elements 40c, 42c are arranged separately from each other on the outer surface 14c. Multiple sliding elements 40c, 42c (in Figure 4 the exemplary embodiment shown, even all the sliding elements 40c, 42c) have a circular profile. Alternatively, an oval profile can also be envisaged. On the total side surface area 20c, at least one subset of more than two sliding elements 40c, 42c is arranged at regular intervals from each other in the circumferential direction and the longitudinal direction. Figure 4 The sliding elements 40c, 42c of the exemplary embodiment of

[0032] Figure 5 Shows a schematic side view of a third alternative magnetic armature 10d. The third alternative magnetic armature 10d has a longitudinally extending portion 34d. The third alternative magnetic armature 10d has a sliding unit 16d. The sliding unit 16d is arranged on the outer surface 14d of the third alternative magnetic armature 10d. The sliding unit 16d is arranged on the total side surface area 20d of the third alternative magnetic armature 10d. The sliding unit 16d only covers a part of the total side surface area 20d of the third alternative magnetic armature 10d. The sliding unit 16d covers less than 50% of the total side surface area 20d of the third alternative magnetic armature 10d. The central region 32d of the total side surface area 20d is formed without the sliding unit 16d over the entire circumference of the outer surface 14d, and this central region 32d includes at least 60% of the total longitudinal extent 34d of the third alternative magnetic armature 10d. Neither of the two axial edge regions 36d, 38d of the outer surface 14d is covered by the sliding unit 16d. The sliding unit 16d has multiple sliding elements 40d, 42d. The sliding elements 40d, 42d are arranged separately from each other on the outer surface 14d. Multiple sliding elements 40d, 42d (in Figure 5In the exemplary embodiment shown, even all of the sliding elements (40d, 42d) have a circular profile. Alternatively, an oval profile may also be contemplated. On the total lateral surface area (20d) of the plurality of rings of sliding elements (40d, 42d) distributed in the longitudinal direction, at least one subset of more than two sliding elements (40d, 42d) are arranged spaced apart from each other at regular intervals in the circumferential direction. The sliding unit (16d) is arranged only in the respective enclosed areas (24d, 30d) of the two axial ends (26d, 28d) of the total lateral surface area (20d).

[0033] Figure 6 A schematic side view of a fourth alternative magnetic armature (10e) is shown. The fourth alternative magnetic armature (10e) has a longitudinal extension (34e). The fourth alternative magnetic armature (10e) has a sliding unit (16e). The sliding unit (16e) is arranged on the outer surface (14e) of the fourth alternative magnetic armature (10e). The sliding unit (16e) is arranged on the total lateral surface area (20e) of the fourth alternative magnetic armature (10e). The sliding unit (16e) only covers a part of the total lateral surface area (20e) of the fourth alternative magnetic armature (10e). The sliding unit (16e) covers less than 50% of the total lateral surface area (20e) of the fourth alternative magnetic armature (10e). The central region (32e) of the total lateral surface area (20e) is partially covered by the sliding unit (16e), and this central region (32e) includes at least 40% of the total longitudinal extent (34e) of the fourth alternative magnetic armature (10e). Neither of the two axial edge regions (36e, 38e) of the outer surface (14e) is covered by the sliding unit (16e). The sliding unit (16e) has multiple sliding elements (40e, 42e). The sliding elements (40e, 42e) are arranged separately from each other on the outer surface (14e). The plurality of sliding elements (40e, 42e) (in Figure 6 the exemplary embodiment shown, even all of the sliding elements (40e, 42e)) extend in a strip-like and / or ribbon-like manner. The main extension direction (44e) of the sliding elements (40e, 42e) extending in a strip-like and / or ribbon-like manner is at least substantially parallel to the axial direction (46e) of the fourth alternative magnetic armature (10e). On the total lateral surface area (20e) of the rings of the sliding elements (40e, 42e), at least one subset of more than two sliding elements (40e, 42e) are arranged spaced apart from each other at regular intervals in the circumferential direction. Each of the sliding elements (40e, 42e) extending in a strip-like and / or ribbon-like manner extends over most, in particular more than 80%, of the longitudinal extent (34e) of the total lateral surface area (20e).

[0034] Figure 7Shows a schematic side view of a fifth alternative magnetic armature 10f. The fifth alternative magnetic armature 10f has a longitudinally extending portion 34f. The fifth alternative magnetic armature 10f has a sliding unit 16f. The sliding unit 16f is arranged on the outer surface 14f of the fifth alternative magnetic armature 10f. The sliding unit 16f is arranged on the total side surface area 20f of the fifth alternative magnetic armature 10f. The sliding unit 16f only covers a part of the total side surface area 20f of the fifth alternative magnetic armature 10f. The sliding unit 16f covers less than 50% of the total side surface area 20f of the fifth alternative magnetic armature 10f. The central region 32f of the total side surface area 20f is formed in a non-sliding unit 16f manner over the entire circumference of the outer surface 14f, and this central region 32f includes at least 60% of the total longitudinal range 34f of the fifth alternative magnetic armature 10f. Neither of the two axial edge regions 36f, 38f of the outer surface 14f is covered by the sliding unit 16f. The sliding unit 16f has multiple sliding elements 40f, 42f. The sliding elements 40f, 42f are arranged separately from each other on the outer surface 14f. Multiple sliding elements 40f, 42f (in the Figure 7 exemplary embodiment shown, even all sliding elements 40f, 42f) extend in a strip-like and / or ribbon-like manner. The main extension direction 44f of the sliding elements 40f, 42f extending in a strip-like and / or ribbon-like manner is at least substantially parallel to the axial direction 46f of the fifth alternative magnetic armature 10f. On the total side surface area 20f in multiple rings of the sliding elements 40f, 42f, at least one subset of more than two sliding elements 40f, 42f is arranged spaced apart in the circumferential direction. In this case, each of the sliding elements 40f, 42f extending in a strip-like and / or ribbon-like manner extends at most over one-sixth of the longitudinal range 34f of the total side surface area 20f. The sliding unit 16f is only arranged in the respective enclosed regions 24f, 30f of the axial ends 26f, 28f of the total side surface area 20f. In each case, the rings of the sliding elements 40f, 42f extending in a strip-like and / or ribbon-like manner are arranged at each of the axial ends 26f, 28f of the total side surface area 20f.

[0035] Figure 8Shows a schematic side view of a sixth alternative magnetic armature 10g. The sixth alternative magnetic armature 10g has a longitudinal extension 34g. The sixth alternative magnetic armature 10g has a sliding unit 16g. The sliding unit 16g is arranged on the outer surface 14g of the sixth alternative magnetic armature 10g. The sliding unit 16g is arranged on the total side surface area 20g of the sixth alternative magnetic armature 10g. The sliding unit 16g only covers a part of the total side surface area 20g of the sixth alternative magnetic armature 10g. The sliding unit 16g covers less than 50% of the total side surface area 20g of the sixth alternative magnetic armature 10g. The central region 32g of the total side surface area 20g is formed in a non-sliding unit 16g manner on the entire circumference of the outer surface 14g, and this central region 32g includes at least 60% of the total longitudinal range 34g of the sixth alternative magnetic armature 10g. The two axial edge regions 36g, 38g of the outer surface 14g are completely covered by the sliding unit 16g. The sliding unit 16g covers the two axial edge regions 36g, 38g of the outer surface 14g of the sixth alternative magnetic armature 10g over the entire surface area.

[0036] Figure 9 Shows a schematic side view of a seventh alternative magnetic armature 10h. The seventh alternative magnetic armature 10h has a longitudinal extension 34h. The seventh alternative magnetic armature 10h has a sliding unit 16h. The sliding unit 16h is arranged on the outer surface 14h of the seventh alternative magnetic armature 10h. The sliding unit 16h is arranged on the total side surface area 20h of the seventh alternative magnetic armature 10h. The sliding unit 16h only covers a part of the total side surface area 20h of the seventh alternative magnetic armature 10h. The sliding unit 16h covers less than 50% of the total side surface area 20h of the seventh alternative magnetic armature 10h. The central region 32h of the total side surface area 20h is formed in a non-sliding unit 16h manner on the entire circumference of the outer surface 14h, and this central region 32h includes at least 60% of the total longitudinal range 34h of the seventh alternative magnetic armature 10h. Neither of the two axial edge regions 36h, 38h of the outer surface 14h is covered by the sliding unit 16h. The sliding unit 16h has multiple sliding elements 40h, 42h. The sliding elements 40h, 42h are arranged separately from each other on the outer surface 14h. Multiple sliding elements 40h, 42h ( Figure 9In the exemplary embodiment shown, even all the sliding elements 40h, 42h extend in a strip-like and / or ribbon-like manner. The main extension direction 44h of the sliding elements 40h, 42h extending in a strip-like and / or ribbon-like manner is inclined with respect to the axial direction 46h of the seventh alternative magnetic armature 10h. On the total side surface area 20h of the plurality of rings of the sliding elements 40h, 42h, at least one subset of more than two sliding elements 40h, 42h are arranged spaced apart in the circumferential direction. The sliding unit 16h is arranged only in the respective enclosed areas 24h, 30h of the axial ends 26h, 28h of the total side surface area 20h. In each case, rings of the sliding elements 40h, 42h extending in a strip-like and / or ribbon-like manner are arranged at each of the axial ends 26h, 28h of the total side surface area 20h. In this case, the sliding elements 40h, 42h of the rings extending in a strip-like and / or ribbon-like manner form the same angle with respect to the axial direction 46h. However, it is also conceivable that the sliding elements 40h, 42h of the rings extending in a strip-like and / or ribbon-like manner form different or even opposite angles with respect to the axial direction 46h.

[0037] Figure 10 A schematic side view of an eighth alternative magnetic armature 10i is shown. The eighth alternative magnetic armature 10i has a longitudinal extension 34i. The eighth alternative magnetic armature 10i has a sliding unit 16i. The sliding unit 16i is arranged on the outer surface 14i of the eighth alternative magnetic armature 10i. The sliding unit 16i is arranged on the total side surface area 20i of the eighth alternative magnetic armature 10i. The sliding unit 16i only covers a part of the total side surface area 20i of the eighth alternative magnetic armature 10i. The sliding unit 16i covers less than 50% of the total side surface area 20i of the eighth alternative magnetic armature 10i. The central region 32i of the total side surface area 20i is formed in a non-sliding-unit 16i manner over the entire circumference of the outer surface 14i, and this central region 32i includes at least 50% of the total longitudinal extent 34i of the eighth alternative magnetic armature 10i. Neither of the two axial edge regions 36i, 38i of the outer surface 14i is covered by the sliding unit 16i. The sliding unit 16i has multiple sliding elements 40i, 42i. The sliding elements 40i, 42i are arranged separately from each other on the outer surface 14i. The plurality of sliding elements 40i, 42i (in Figure 10In the exemplary embodiment shown, even all the sliding elements 40i, 42i extend in a strip-shaped and / or ribbon-shaped manner. The main extension direction 44i of the sliding elements 40i, 42i that extend in a strip-shaped and / or ribbon-shaped manner extends at least substantially parallel to the axial direction 46i of the eighth alternative magnetic armature 10i. On the total side surface area 20i of the plurality of rings of the sliding elements 40i, 42i, at least one subset of more than two sliding elements 40i, 42i are arranged spaced apart in the circumferential direction. In this case, each sliding element 40i, 42i that extends in a strip-shaped and / or ribbon-shaped manner extends at most over a quarter of the longitudinal extent 34i of the total side surface area 20i and at least over a sixth of the longitudinal extent 34i of the total side surface area 20i. The sliding unit 16i is arranged only in the respective enclosed areas 24i, 30i of the axial ends 26i, 28i of the total side surface area 20i. In each case, the rings of the sliding elements 40i, 42i that extend in a strip-shaped and / or ribbon-shaped manner are arranged at each of the axial ends 26i, 28i of the total side surface area 20i.

[0038] Figure 11 A schematic side view of a ninth alternative magnetic armature 10j is shown. The ninth alternative magnetic armature 10j has a longitudinal extension 34j. The ninth alternative magnetic armature 10j has a sliding unit 16j. The sliding unit 16j is arranged on the outer surface 14j of the ninth alternative magnetic armature 10j. The sliding unit 16j is arranged on the total side surface area 20j of the ninth alternative magnetic armature 10j. The sliding unit 16j only covers a part of the total side surface area 20j of the ninth alternative magnetic armature 10j. The sliding unit 16j covers less than 50% of the total side surface area 20j of the ninth alternative magnetic armature 10j. The central region 32j of the total side surface area 20j is partially covered by the sliding unit 16j, and this central region 32j includes at least 60% of the total longitudinal extent 34j of the ninth alternative magnetic armature 10j. Both axial edge regions 36j, 38j of the outer surface 14j are partially covered by the sliding unit 16j. In this case, the sliding unit 16j does not cover both axial edge regions 36j, 38j of the outer surface 14j of the ninth alternative magnetic armature 10j over the entire surface area. The sliding unit 16j has exactly one sliding element 40j. The sliding element 40j extends in a strip-shaped and / or ribbon-shaped manner. The main extension direction 44j of the sliding element 40j that extends in a strip-shaped and / or ribbon-shaped manner extends obliquely to the axial direction 46j of the ninth alternative magnetic armature 10j. The sliding element 40j that extends in a ribbon-shaped and / or strip-shaped manner extends helically around the outer surface 14j. In this case, the sliding element 40j that extends in a ribbon-shaped and / or strip-shaped manner extends over the total longitudinal extent 34j of the ninth alternative magnetic armature 10j.

[0039] Reference numeral 10 Magnetic armature 12 Electromagnetic actuator 14 Outer surface 16 Sliding unit 18 Magnetic armature guiding unit 20 Total side surface area 22 Production step 24 Enclosed area 26 Axial end 28 Axial end 30 Enclosed area 32 Central area 34 Longitudinal extension 36 Axial edge area 38 Axial edge area 40 Sliding element 42 Sliding element 44 Main extension direction 46 Axial direction 48 Magnetic coil 50 Base area 52 Base area 54 Production step 56 Edge

Claims

1. A magnetic armature (10a-j) for an electromagnetic actuator (12a-j), having an outer surface (14a-j) and sliding units (16a-j) arranged on the outer surface (14a-j) for optimizing the tribological properties of the magnetic armature (10a-j), such as reducing wear of the magnetic armature (10a-j) and / or reducing friction with a magnetic armature guiding unit (18a-j) of the electromagnetic actuator (12a-j), the magnetic armature guiding unit (18a-j) being, for example, an armature guiding tube or a pole tube, characterized in that, The sliding units (16a-j) cover only a part of the total lateral surface area (20a-j) of the magnetic armatures (10a-j), in particular a part of the armature operating surface of the magnetic armatures (10a-j).

2. The magnetic armature (10a-j) according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sliding units (16a-j) are formed by a dry lubricant layer.

3. The magnetic armature (10a-j) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The sliding units (16a-j) cover less than 75%, preferably less than 50%, preferably less than 40%, particularly preferably less than 30% of the total lateral surface area (20a-j).

4. The magnetic armature (10a; 10b; 10d; 10f-i) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The sliding units (16a; 16b; 16d; 16f-i) are arranged only in the respective enclosed regions (24a, 30a; 24b, 30b; 24d, 30d; 24f-i, 30f-i) of the two axial ends (26a, 28a; 26b, 28b; 26d, 28d; 26f-i, 28f-i) of the total lateral surface area (20a; 20b; 20d; 20f-i), or are arranged only in the enclosed region (24a, 30a; 24b, 30b; 24d, 30d; 24f-i, 30f-i) of a single axial end of the two axial ends (26a, 28a; 26b, 28b; 26d, 28d; 26f-i, 28f-i) of the total lateral surface area (20a; 20b; 20d; 20f-i).

5. The magnetic armature (10a; 10b; 10d; 10f-i) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The central regions (32a; 32b; 32d; 32f-i) of the total lateral surface area (20a; 20b; 20d; 20f-i) are formed in a non-sliding unit (16a; 16b; 16d; 16f-i) manner over the entire circumference of the outer surface (14a; 14b; 14d; 14f-i), and the central regions (32a; 32b; 32d; 32f-i) include at least 40%, preferably at least 50%, and preferably at least 60% of the total longitudinal extent (34a; 34b; 34d; 34f-i) of the magnetic armatures (10a; 10b; 10d; 10f-i).

6. The magnetic armature (10c; 10e; 10j) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The central regions (32c; 32e; 32j) of the total lateral surface area (20c; 20e; 20j) are partially covered by the sliding units (16c; 16e; 16j), and the central regions (32c; 32e; 32j) include at least 40%, preferably at least 50%, and preferably at least 60% of the total longitudinal extent (34c; 34e; 34j) of the magnetic armatures (10c; 10e; 10j).

7. The magnetic armature (10a; 10g; 10j) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The axial edge regions (36a; 36g; 36j) of the outer surface (14a; 14g; 14j) or the two axial edge regions (36a, 38a; 36g, 38g; 36j, 38j) of the outer surface (14a; 14g; 14j) are partially or completely covered by the sliding units (16a; 16g; 16j).

8. The magnetic armature (10a-f; 10h-i) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, Neither the axial edge regions (38a-f; 38h-i) of the outer surface (14a-f; 14h-i) nor two axial edge regions (36b-f, 38b-f; 36h-i, 38h-i) of the outer surface (14b-f; 14h-i) are covered by the sliding units (16a-f; 16h-i).

9. The magnetic armature (10b-f; 10h-i) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The sliding units (16b-f; 16h-i) have multiple sliding elements (40b-f, 42b-f; 40h-i, 42h-i) arranged separately from each other on the outer surface (14b-f; 14h-i).

10. The magnetic armature (10b-d) according to claim 9, characterized in that, At least one, preferably multiple, and preferably all of the sliding elements (40b-d, 42b-d) have at least a substantially circular profile or at least a substantially elliptical profile.

11. The magnetic armature (10e-f; 10h-j) according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that, At least one, preferably multiple, and preferably all of the sliding elements (40e-f, 42e-f; 40h-j, 42h-j) extend in a strip or band-like manner.

12. The magnetic armature (10e-f; 10i) according to claim 11, characterized in that, At least one sliding element (40e-f, 42e-f; 40i, 42i) extending in a strip or band-like manner has a main extension direction (44e-f; 44i) that is at least substantially parallel to the axial direction (46e-f; 46i) of the magnetic armature (10e-f; 10i).

13. The magnetic armature (10h; 10j) according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that, The main extension direction (44h; 44j) of at least one sliding element (40h, 42h; 40j) extending in a strip or band-like manner is inclined to the axial direction (46h; 46j) of the magnetic armature (10h; 10j).

14. The magnetic armature (10j) according to any one of claims 11 to 13, characterized in that, At least one sliding element (40j) extending in a band or strip-like manner at least substantially spirally surrounds the outer surface (14j).

15. The magnetic armature (10b-f; 10h-i) according to any one of claims 9 to 14, characterized in that, At least one subset of more than two sliding elements (40b-f, 42b-f; 40h-i, 42h-i) is arranged at least substantially regularly spaced apart from each other on the total side surface (20b-f; 20h-i).

16. An electromagnetic actuator (12a-j), in particular a pneumatic valve, having a magnetic armature (10a-j) according to any one of claims 1 to 15.

17. A method for producing a magnetic armature (10a-j), in particular a magnetic armature (10a-j) according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein, In at least one production step (22a-j), a sliding unit (16a-j) is applied to the outer surface (14a-j) of the magnetic armature (10a-j) to optimize the tribological properties of the magnetic armature (10a-j), such as reducing wear of the magnetic armature (10a-j) and / or reducing friction with the magnetic armature guiding unit (18a-j) of the electromagnetic actuator (12a-j), which is, for example, an armature guiding tube or a pole tube, characterized in that, in the production step (22a-j), only a part of the total side surface area (20a-j) of the magnetic armature (10a-j), in particular a part of the armature running surface of the magnetic armature (10a-j), is covered by the sliding unit (16a-j).

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