Edible fungus culture medium based on coal slime improvement and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of edible mushroom culture media, and discloses an edible mushroom culture medium based on coal slime improvement, which is prepared from the following raw materials: 2% of trace elements, 92% of coal slime and 6% of organic fertilizer. According to the method, a coal slime compost fermentation culture mode is adopted, and the coal slime is rich in a large number of nutrient elements, so that the survival rate of the edible mushrooms is increased, the body quality of the finished edible mushrooms is guaranteed, the planting income of operators is increased, and meanwhile, by adjusting the internal space of the planting greenhouse and the culture environments such as temperature and humidity, the survival rate of the edible mushrooms is increased. According to the method, the coal slime is used as a raw material, so that a good growth and development environment of the edible fungi is guaranteed, the survival rate of the edible fungi is further improved, and the edible fungi are guaranteed to always have sufficient nutrition in the development process by using a mode of irregularly replacing the coal slime, so that the finished product shape of the edible fungi can be enhanced, and the economic benefit is increased. And the condition that the edible mushroom finished products are uneven in size is avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of edible mushroom cultivation substrates, and specifically relates to an edible mushroom cultivation substrate improved based on coal slime and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Edible mushrooms refer to fleshy, edible fungi (macrofungi), commonly known as mushrooms. Common edible mushrooms include: Lentinula edodes, Volvariella volvacea, Agaricus bisporus, Auricularia auricula, Tremella fuciformis, Hericium erinaceus, Dictyophora indusiata, Tricholoma matsutake, Tricholoma mongolicum, Russula vinosa, Ganoderma lucidum, Cordyceps sinensis, Tuber melanosporum, Pleurotus nebrodensis, and Boletus edulis, etc.; a few belong to the Ascomycotina, including: Morchella esculenta, Helvella lacunosa, Tuber aestivum, etc.

[0003] Currently, when operators plant edible mushrooms in a greenhouse, they usually need to prepare a cultivation substrate in advance and, combined with the temperature and humidity control conditions in greenhouse cultivation, to meet the good growth and development environment of edible mushrooms. Although the existing cultivation substrates can meet the basic development needs of edible mushrooms during actual use, there are situations where the growth rate of edible mushrooms is slow and the development is poor, which easily causes the size of the edible mushroom products to vary, not only affecting the economic benefits brought by edible mushroom cultivation, but also significantly reducing the yield of edible mushrooms. Therefore, it is necessary to improve and optimize them. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Aiming at the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides an edible mushroom cultivation substrate improved based on coal slime and a preparation method thereof, which has the advantage of good growth and development of edible mushrooms.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: An edible mushroom cultivation substrate improved based on coal slime is prepared from the following raw materials:

[0006] Trace elements account for 2%, coal slime accounts for 92%, and organic fertilizer accounts for 6%.

[0007] Preferably, the trace elements are composed of a carbon source, a nitrogen source, and a phosphorus source, with the carbon source accounting for 30%, the nitrogen source accounting for 30%, and the phosphorus source accounting for 40%.

[0008] Preferably, the organic fertilizer uses crop straws such as stems, leaves, and ears, and is obtained through composting treatment.

[0009] Preferably, the pH value of the coal slime is 6 - 8, and the humidity of the coal slime is 70 - 85%.

[0010] Preferably, the organic matter content in the organic fertilizer is not less than 45%, and the organic fertilizer needs to be harmlessly treated.

[0011] Preparation method of edible mushroom cultivation substrate based on coal slime improvement, comprising the following steps:

[0012] Step 1: First, the operator needs to compost and ferment the prepared coal slime, and control the stacking and fermentation time of the coal slime for 10 - 15 days. At the same time, the operator needs to turn the coal slime every day during the composting and fermentation process, so as to make the coal slime fermentation more comprehensive and with good effect;

[0013] Step 2: After the coal slime fermentation is completed, the operator mixes the prepared organic fertilizer and trace elements, uses the mixing equipment to control the mixing time for 2h, and adds the final mixture to the coal slime, so that it can be fully mixed with the coal slime, thereby making the coal slime rich in nutrients;

[0014] Step 3: Then the operator evenly spreads the fermented and processed coal slime substrate on the hard ground, and then can prepare for the work of planting the mushroom sticks;

[0015] Step 4: The operator evenly plants the mushroom sticks in the coal slime. At the same time, the fermented and processed coal slime needs to be updated irregularly, so as to ensure that the mushroom sticks have a good nutritional environment during the growth and development process. At the same time, the operator needs to adjust the temperature and shade inside the greenhouse, and regularly spray the inside of the greenhouse, so as to ensure that the inside of the greenhouse has good humidity. At the same time, the height inside the greenhouse needs to be greater than 10m, which is beneficial to the ventilation effect inside the greenhouse, and then achieves the conditions conducive to the growth and development of edible mushrooms. The length and width of the greenhouse are preferably more than 100m, so as to achieve a suitable site area and make the growth and development space of edible mushrooms broad;

[0016] Step 5: The operator needs to regularly observe the growth and development of edible mushrooms, record the development of edible mushrooms, and at the same time prevent and face the threat of diseases.

[0017] Preferably, the temperature in the greenhouse described in Step 4 is controlled at 20 - 30 °C, and the humidity in the greenhouse is controlled at 60 - 70% RH.

[0018] Preferably, the ventilation time of the greenhouse described in Step 4 is 2 - 3h per day, and when the outside temperature is too high, the ventilation time is 6h.

[0019] Preferably, the composting temperature of the coal slime described in Step 1 should be controlled below 50 °C. After the coal slime fermentation is completed, it needs to be sampled and inspected to ensure that its standard meets the requirements of safe use.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0021] The present invention adopts the method of compost fermentation cultivation of slime. Since the slime is rich in a large number of nutrient elements, it not only improves the survival rate of edible fungi, but also ensures the body shape quality of the finished product of edible fungi, increases the planting income of the operators. At the same time, by adjusting the internal space of the planting greenhouse and the cultivation environment such as temperature and humidity, it ensures that the edible fungi seeds have a good growth and development environment, further improves the survival rate of the edible fungi seeds, and by means of replacing the slime irregularly, it ensures that the edible fungi seeds always have sufficient nutritional support during the development process, which can enhance the body shape of the finished product of edible fungi and avoid the situation of uneven sizes of the finished products of edible fungi. Detailed implementation mode

[0022] Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] The present invention provides a technical solution: an edible fungi cultivation substrate based on slime improvement, which is prepared from the following raw materials:

[0024] The proportion of trace elements is 2%, the proportion of slime is 92%, and the proportion of organic fertilizer is 6%.

[0025] Preferably, the trace elements are composed of a carbon source, a nitrogen source and a phosphorus source. The proportion of the carbon source is 30%, the proportion of the nitrogen source is 30% and the proportion of the phosphorus source is 40%.

[0026] Due to the mutual cooperation between the carbon source, the nitrogen source and the phosphorus source, it can provide good element supplementation for the initial development and growth of the edible fungi seeds, and at the same time improve the survival rate of the edible fungi seeds in the initial stage and the later development.

[0027] Among them, the organic fertilizer adopts crop straws such as stems, leaves and ears, and is obtained through composting treatment.

[0028] Such a design not only ensures that the fertilizer is pure natural without the addition of chemical components, thus ensuring the edible safety of the later edible fungi itself, but also increases the resource recycling efficiency through the recycling of crops, and reduces the cost of cultivating edible fungi in the early stage.

[0029] Among them, the pH value of the slime is 6 - 8, and the humidity of the slime is 70 - 85%.

[0030] Such a design can provide a good acid-base environment for the growth of the later edible fungi. At the same time, the appropriate humidity control avoids the situation of drying and death during the growth of the edible fungi, thus meeting the basic growth and development needs of the edible fungi.

[0031] Among them, the organic matter content in the organic fertilizer is not less than 45%, and the organic fertilizer needs to be harmlessly treated.

[0032] Such a design enables the subsequent edible fungi to have good nutritional support during the growth and development process, making their growth and development healthier and the yield more considerable.

[0033] A preparation method of an edible fungi cultivation substrate based on coal slime improvement includes the following steps:

[0034] Step 1: First, the operator needs to compost and ferment the prepared coal slime, and control the stacking and fermentation time of the coal slime to be 10 days - 15 days. At the same time, the operator needs to turn the coal slime every day during the composting and fermentation process to make the coal slime fermentation more comprehensive and with good effects;

[0035] Step 2: After the coal slime fermentation is completed, the operator stirs and mixes the prepared organic fertilizer and trace elements, uses the stirring equipment to control the stirring time to be 2h, and adds the final mixture to the coal slime to make it fully mixed with the coal slime, so that the coal slime is rich in nutrients;

[0036] Step 3: Then the operator evenly spreads the fermented and processed coal slime substrate on the hard ground, and then prepares for the work of planting the fungus sticks;

[0037] Step 4: The operator evenly plants the fungus sticks in the coal slime. At the same time, the fermented and processed coal slime needs to be updated irregularly to ensure that the fungus sticks have a good nutritional environment during the growth and development process. At the same time, the operator needs to adjust the temperature and shade inside the greenhouse, and regularly spray the inside of the greenhouse to ensure that the inside of the greenhouse has good humidity. At the same time, the height inside the greenhouse needs to be greater than 10m, which is conducive to the ventilation and air permeability effect inside the greenhouse, and then meets the conditions conducive to the growth and development of edible fungi. The length and width of the greenhouse are preferably more than 100m to achieve a suitable site area and make the growth and development space of edible fungi broad;

[0038] Step 5: The operator needs to regularly observe the growth and development of the edible fungi, record the development of the edible fungi, and at the same time prevent and face the threat of diseases.

[0039] Among them, the temperature of the greenhouse in Step 4 is controlled at 20 - 30 °C, and the humidity of the greenhouse is controlled at 60 - 70% RH.

[0040] By regulating the temperature and humidity inside the planting greenhouse, the environmental requirements for the growth and development of edible fungi are met, a good growth environment for edible fungi is ensured, and the survival rate of edible fungi is improved.

[0041] Among them, the ventilation time required for the greenhouse in Step 4 is 2 - 3 hours per day, and when the outside temperature is too high, the ventilation time is 6 hours.

[0042] Thus, it can well promote the ventilation effect inside the breeding greenhouse, improve the oxygen exchange ability between the inside and outside of the greenhouse, and at the same time achieve a good planting environment.

[0043] Among them, the temperature of the coal sludge compost should be controlled below 50°C. After the coal sludge fermentation is completed, sampling inspection is required to ensure that its standards meet the requirements for safe use.

[0044] Such a design enables the coal sludge to have good temperature requirements during the composting fermentation process, ensures the fermentation quality and use safety of the coal sludge, and avoids adverse effects on the later cultivation of edible fungi.

[0045] It should be noted that in this article, relational terms such as first and second are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the term "comprising", "including" or any other variant thereof is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device comprising a series of elements not only includes those elements, but also includes other elements not expressly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device.

[0046] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, for those of ordinary skill in the art, it can be understood that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An edible mushroom cultivation substrate based on coal slime improvement, characterized in that, It is prepared from the following raw materials: The trace elements account for 2%, the slime accounts for 92%, and the organic fertilizer accounts for 6%.

2. The edible mushroom cultivation substrate based on slime improvement according to claim 1, wherein: The trace elements are composed of a mixture of a carbon source, a nitrogen source, and a phosphorus source. The carbon source accounts for 30%, the nitrogen source accounts for 30%, and the phosphorus source accounts for 40%.

3. The edible mushroom cultivation substrate based on slime improvement according to claim 1, wherein: The organic fertilizer is made from crop straws such as stems, leaves, and ears, and then obtained through composting treatment.

4. The edible mushroom cultivation substrate based on slime improvement according to claim 1, wherein: The pH value of the slime is 6 - 8, and the humidity of the slime is 70 - 85%.

5. The edible mushroom cultivation substrate based on slime improvement according to claim 1, wherein: The organic matter content in the organic fertilizer is not less than 45%, and the organic fertilizer needs to be harmlessly treated.

6. The preparation method of the edible mushroom cultivation substrate based on slime improvement according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: Step 1: First, the operator needs to carry out composting fermentation on the prepared slime, and control the stacking and fermentation time of the slime for 10 - 15 days. At the same time, the operator needs to turn the slime every day during the composting fermentation process to make the slime fermentation more comprehensive and with good effect; Step 2: After the slime fermentation is completed, the operator mixes the prepared organic fertilizer and trace elements, uses the mixing equipment to control the mixing time for 2h, and adds the final mixture to the slime to make it fully mixed with the slime, so that the slime is rich in nutrients; Step 3: Then the operator evenly spreads the fermented and processed slime substrate on the hard ground, and then prepares for the work of planting the fungus sticks; Step 4: The operator evenly plants the fungus sticks in the slime. At the same time, the fermented and processed slime needs to be updated irregularly to ensure that the fungus sticks have a good nutrient environment during the growth and development process. At the same time, the operator needs to adjust the temperature and shade inside the greenhouse, and regularly spray the inside of the greenhouse to ensure that the inside of the greenhouse has good humidity. At the same time, the height inside the greenhouse needs to be greater than 10m, which is conducive to the ventilation and air permeability effect inside the greenhouse, and then achieves the conditions conducive to the growth and development of edible fungi. The length and width of the greenhouse are preferably more than 100m to achieve a suitable site area and provide a broad growth and development space for edible fungi; Step 5: The operator needs to regularly observe the growth and development of the edible fungi, record the development of the edible fungi, and at the same time prevent and face the threat of diseases that occur.

7. The preparation method of the edible mushroom cultivation substrate based on slime improvement according to claim 6, characterized in that: The temperature of the greenhouse described in Step 4 is controlled at 20 - 30°C, and the humidity of the greenhouse is controlled at 60 - 70%RH.

8. The preparation method of the edible mushroom cultivation substrate based on slime improvement according to claim 6, characterized in that: The greenhouse described in Step 4 needs to have a ventilation and air permeability time of 2 - 3h every day, and when the outside temperature is too high, the ventilation time needs to be 6h.

9. The preparation method of the edible mushroom cultivation substrate based on slime improvement according to claim 6, characterized in that: The composting temperature of the slime described in Step 1 should be controlled below 50°C. After the slime fermentation is completed, it needs to be randomly inspected to ensure that its standards meet the requirements for safe use.