Micropterus salmoides indoor breeding device and application thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a micropterus salmoides indoor breeding device and application thereof. The device comprises a parent selection unit and a spawning unit, the parent selection unit comprises a parent cultivation pool and a parent collection net cage, and the parent collection net cage is arranged in the parent cultivation pool and close to the water inlet; the spawning unit comprises a spawning pond and fish nests in the pond, fish nest partitions are arranged between the fish nests to form relatively independent breeding spaces in the pond, and a water flowing system is erected above the fish nests. The method has the advantages that (1) the indoor breeding efficiency of the micropterus salmoides can be effectively improved, and the breeding rate is improved from difficult egg laying to 40% or above; (2) according to the application method, the gonad development condition of the parent is observed by utilizing the water jacking phenomenon of the largemouth bass, and the parent with mature gonad development is screened, so that the efficiency is greatly improved, and no harm is caused to fish fingerlings; and (3) when the parents lay eggs, the device adaptively adjusts the water flow condition in the pond according to the condition of collecting fertilized eggs for the first time so as to ensure the reproductive rate of the parents.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the breeding technology of Micropterus salmoides, and relates to improving the indoor breeding efficiency of Micropterus salmoides. Specifically, it is an indoor breeding device for Micropterus salmoides and its application. Background Art

[0002] Micropterus salmoides was introduced in the 1980s. Although artificial breeding technology has long been adopted, the breeding efficiency is still low, and the increasing aquaculture volume has a growing demand for fry. Micropterus salmoides has the characteristic of spawning in batches multiple times, and the eggs in the ovary develop asynchronously. The ovarian development has unique requirements for environmental conditions, and it is difficult to achieve synchronous and good development of each parent during the cultivation process. With the development of facility fishery, industrialized breeding and aquaculture have become a new direction. Industrialized indoor breeding can control factors such as water temperature, dissolved oxygen, transparency, and harmful organisms, providing good external conditions for breeding parents. However, in the actual operation process, due to reasons such as living and breeding habits, compared with traditional breeding ponds, the breeding rate of Micropterus salmoides indoors is very low, resulting in the vacancy of the built breeding facilities, and the spawning ponds have to return to outdoor ponds, causing some production and experiments to be unable to be carried out. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Technical problems to be solved: In order to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and improve the indoor breeding efficiency of Micropterus salmoides parents, the present invention provides an indoor breeding device for Micropterus salmoides and its application.

[0004] Technical solution: An indoor breeding device for Micropterus salmoides, the device includes a parent selection unit and a spawning unit; the parent selection unit includes a parent cultivation pond and a parent collection net cage, and the parent collection net cage is arranged near the water inlet in the parent cultivation pond; the spawning unit includes a spawning pond and fish nests in the pond, and fish nest partitions are provided between the fish nests to form relatively independent breeding spaces in the pond, and a flowing water system is erected above the fish nests.

[0005] Preferably, the parent collection net cage is an open square structure, including a floating frame at the opening and a net cage below the floating frame; wherein, a flushing trough is provided at the lower edge of the floating frame on one side of the net cage, the trough body penetrates the net cage, a water pump and a flushing water pipe are provided on the side opposite to the flushing trough, and a space is left between the flushing water pipe and the flushing trough.

[0006] Preferably, the flushing trough is U-shaped or V-shaped.

[0007] Preferably, 1 / 4 to 1 / 3 of the area on one side of the spawning pond is set as a blank area as a spare flow creation area.

[0008] Preferably, the fish nest partition includes a main partition board and side partition boards. The main partition board divides the spawning pool into at least one row, and there is a space between both ends of the main partition board and the inner wall of the spawning pool; the side partition boards are evenly and vertically arranged on the main partition board to form relatively independent rectangular spaces, and the fish nests are arranged in these spaces, and the height of the side partition boards is lower than that of the main partition board.

[0009] Preferably, the flowing water system includes a main pipe arranged outside the spawning pool, and a main branch pipe is connected to the main pipe, and the main branch pipe is located above the main partition board; nest pipes are evenly arranged on the main branch pipe, and the nest pipes are located above the fish nests; a main branch pipe valve is arranged between the main branch pipe and the main pipe.

[0010] Preferably, the fish nest includes a base and a nest cavity; the base is a truncated columnar structure with upper and lower openings, and is narrower at the top and wider at the bottom, and water permeable holes are evenly opened in the lower part of the side surface of the base; the nest cavity includes a hemispherical frame and an upper opening, the nest cavity is placed in the base, and the upper opening is sleeved at the upper opening of the base; a water permeable nest piece is laid or sewn on the frame to collect the fertilized eggs of Micropterus salmoides.

[0011] Application of any of the above devices in improving the indoor breeding efficiency of Micropterus salmoides.

[0012] Preferably, the application includes the following steps:

[0013] S1. Stock Micropterus salmoides parents into the parent cultivation pool, and the water surface in the pool is flush with the upper edge of the flushing trough. Set the distance between the opening of the flushing pipe and the flushing trough to be 40 - 50 cm to ensure that when the water pump is turned on, the water in the flushing trough flushes out of the net cage to form a water flow; add fresh water to the pool for 1 - 2 hours every day one week before collecting the parents, and observe the water-top phenomenon of the parents. During the breeding process of the parents, feed ice fresh fish or commercially available feed; stop adding water to the pool after the water-top phenomenon of the parents occurs, start feeding fresh mixed feed once a day for 3 consecutive days; then turn on the water pump to flush water and collect the parents swimming into the net cage;

[0014] Among them, the parents with mature gonads enter the net cage due to being sensitive to water flow stimulation, and the water pump is turned on from early morning and turned off at dawn;

[0015] S2. Put the number of parental pairs collected in S1 into the spawning pond at 1 - 1.5 times the number of fish nests, add water until the water level in the spawning pond exceeds the upper edge of the main dividing plate by 10 cm, connect the main pipe to the water source, and submerge the openings of the nest pipes under the water surface; after the parents are stably dispersed, add water to the spawning pond in the evening of the same day until the water level exceeds the upper edge of the main dividing plate by 30 cm; turn on the flowing water system at night, adjust the main branch valve so that the water flow out of the nest pipes is a micro - flow when it reaches the bottom of the nest cavity. Combining the blocking effect of the nest pieces and the water - permeable effect of the water - permeable holes, the semen of male fish can fully diffuse downward and fertilize the eggs on the nest pieces, preventing the semen from escaping upward and affecting the fertilization rate; in the morning of the next day, collect the nest cavities carrying fertilized eggs, carry out incubation, and replace the new nest cavities on the base, and continue to collect fertilized eggs; turn off the flowing water system in the afternoon and restart it at night, and repeat the operation until the reproduction rate of the parents reaches more than 40%.

[0016] Among them, during incubation, invert the nest cavity in the hatching pond and stack them in a single - layer or multi - layer staggered manner for incubation;

[0017] S3. When the reproduction rate is lower than 15% during the first collection of fertilized eggs in S2, create a water flow in the blank area of the spawning pond to form a micro - flow and a rustling sound of water in the spawning pond; among them, the water flow creation is carried out in the first half of the night.

[0018] Preferably, the fresh mixed feed is prepared by the following method: Pulverize the fresh testes or ovaries of fresh common carp or silver carp, mix the pulp with commercially available feed at a mass ratio of 1:10, and air - dry until not sticky, and the air - drying time is less than 30 min.

[0019] Beneficial effects: (1) The indoor reproduction device and application method of the present invention for Micropterus salmoides can effectively improve the indoor reproduction efficiency of Micropterus salmoides, increasing it from being difficult to lay eggs to a reproduction rate of more than 40%; (2) The application method uses the water - head - against - flow phenomenon of Micropterus salmoides to observe the gonadal development of parents, and selects parents with mature gonadal development based on this, greatly improving the efficiency and not causing harm to the fish species; (3) When the parents lay eggs, the device adaptively adjusts the water flow condition in the pond according to the situation of the first collection of fertilized eggs to ensure the reproduction rate of the parents. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0020] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the parental selection unit of the device of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the parental collection net cage;

[0022] Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the spawning unit;

[0023] Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the fish nest separation;

[0024] Figure 5It is a schematic structural diagram of a flowing water system;

[0025] Figure 6 It is a schematic structural diagram of a relatively independent space in the spawning pond;

[0026] Figure 7 It is a schematic structural diagram of a fish nest;

[0027] Figure 8 It is a schematic structural diagram of a nest cavity;

[0028] Among them, 1 is the parent cultivation pond, 2 is the parent collection net cage, 3 is the water pump, 4 is the floating frame, 5 is the flushing pipe, 6 is the net cage, 7 is the flushing trough, 8 is the spawning pond, 9 is the fish nest partition, 10 is the fish nest, 11 is the flowing water system, 12 is the main dividing plate, 13 is the side dividing plate, 14 is the main pipe, 15 is the main branch pipe, 16 is the nest pipe, 17 is the main branch pipe valve, 18 is the base, 19 is the nest cavity, 20 is the water permeable hole, 21 is the frame, and 22 is the upper opening. Specific implementation mode

[0029] The following embodiments further illustrate the content of the present invention, but should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and essence of the present invention, the modifications and substitutions made to the methods, steps or conditions of the present invention all belong to the scope of the present invention. If not specifically specified, the technical means used in the embodiments are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art.

[0030] Embodiment 1

[0031] The indoor breeding device for Micropterus salmoides includes a parent selection unit and a spawning unit; the parent selection unit includes a parent cultivation pond 1 and a parent collection net cage 2, and the parent collection net cage 2 is arranged inside the parent cultivation pond 1 near the water inlet; the spawning unit includes a spawning pond 8 and the fish nest 10 inside the pond. Among them, fish nest partitions 9 are arranged between the fish nests 10 to form a relatively independent breeding space in the pond, and a flowing water system 11 is erected above the fish nest 10.

[0032] The parent collection net cage 2 is an open square structure, including a floating frame 4 at the opening and a net cage 6 below the floating frame 4; among them, a flushing trough 7 is arranged at the lower edge of the floating frame 4 on one side of the net cage 6, the trough body penetrates through the net cage 6, a water pump 3 and a flushing pipe 5 are arranged on the side opposite to the flushing trough 7, and there is a space between the flushing pipe 5 and the flushing trough 7.

[0033] The flushing trough 7 is V-shaped.

[0034] 1 / 4 to 1 / 3 of the area on one side of the spawning pond 8 is set as a blank area, serving as a spare flow creation area.

[0035] The fish nest partition 9 includes a main partition board 12 and side partition boards 13. The main partition board 12 divides the spawning pond 8 into at least one row, with a spacing of 1 - 2 m between each row. The height of the main partition board 12 is approximately 60 cm, and there is a space between both ends of the main partition board 12 and the inner wall of the spawning pond 8; the side partition boards 13 are evenly and vertically arranged on the main partition board 12. The side partition boards 13 are about 60 cm long and about 50 cm high, and the distance between adjacent side partition boards 13 is about 1.5 m, forming relatively independent rectangular spaces. The fish nests 10 are arranged in these spaces, and the height of the side partition boards 13 is lower than that of the main partition board 12.

[0036] The flowing water system 11 includes a main pipe 14 arranged outside the spawning pond 8. A main branch pipe 15 is connected to the main pipe 14, and the main branch pipe 15 is located above the main partition board 12; evenly arranged nest pipes 16 are provided on the main branch pipe 15, and the nest pipes 16 are about 50 cm above the fish nests 10; a main branch pipe valve 17 is provided between the main branch pipe 15 and the main pipe 14.

[0037] The fish nest 10 includes a base 18 and a nest cavity 19; the base 18 is a frustum-shaped structure with upper and lower openings, and is narrower at the top and wider at the bottom. Water permeable holes 20 are evenly opened in the lower part of the side surface of the base 18; the nest cavity 19 includes a hemispherical frame 21 and an upper opening 22, and the diameter of the upper opening 22 is about 40 cm. The nest cavity 19 is placed inside the base 18, and the upper opening 22 is sleeved at the upper opening of the base 18; a water permeable nest sheet is laid or sewn on the frame 21 to collect the fertilized eggs of the largemouth bass.

[0038] Application of the above-mentioned device in improving the indoor breeding efficiency of largemouth bass.

[0039] The application includes the following steps:

[0040] S1. Stock largemouth bass parents in the parent cultivation pond 1, with the water surface in the pond flush with the upper edge of the flushing trough 7. Set the distance between the opening of the flushing pipe 5 and the flushing trough 7 to be 40 - 50 cm to ensure that when the water pump 3 is turned on, the water in the flushing trough 7 flushes out of the net cage 6, forming a water flow; Add fresh water to the pond for 1 - 2 hours every day one week before collecting the parents, and observe the water-top phenomenon of the parents. During the breeding process of the parents, feed frozen fresh fish or commercially available feed; After the water-top phenomenon of the parents occurs, stop adding water to the pond, start feeding fresh mixed feed once a day for 3 consecutive days; Then turn on the water pump 3 to flush water and collect the parents that swim into the net cage 6;

[0041] Among them, the parents with mature gonads are sensitive to water flow stimulation and swim into the net cage 6 due to water-top. The water pump 3 is turned on from early morning and turned off at dawn;

[0042] S2. Put the number of parental pairs collected in S1 into the spawning pond 8 at a ratio of 1 times the number of fish nests 10, add water until the water level in the spawning pond 8 exceeds the upper edge of the main dividing plate 12 by 10 cm, connect the main pipe 14 to the water source, and submerge the opening of the nest pipe 16 under the water surface. After the parents are stably dispersed, add water to the spawning pond 8 in the evening of the same day until the water level exceeds the upper edge of the main dividing plate 12 by 30 cm. At night, turn on the flowing water system 11, adjust the main branch valve 17 so that the water flow out of the nest pipe 16 is a micro-flow when it reaches the bottom of the nest cavity 19. Combining the blocking effect of the nest pieces and the water permeability of the water permeable holes 20, the semen of the male fish diffuses downward sufficiently and fertilizes the eggs on the nest pieces, preventing the semen from escaping upward and affecting the fertilization rate. In the morning of the next day, collect the nest cavities 19 carrying fertilized eggs for hatching, and replace the new nest cavities 19 on the base 18 to continue collecting fertilized eggs. Turn off the flowing water system 11 in the afternoon and restart it at night, and repeat the operation until the reproduction rate of the parents reaches more than 40%.

[0043] Among them, during hatching, invert the nest cavity 19 in the hatching pond and stack it in a single layer or multiple layers in a staggered manner for hatching.

[0044] S3. When collecting fertilized eggs for the first time in S2, the reproduction rate is lower than 15%. Create a water flow in the blank area of the spawning pond 8 to form a micro-flow and a splashing sound in the spawning pond 8. Among them, the water flow creation is carried out in the first half of the night.

[0045] The fresh mixed feed is prepared by the following method: Pulverize the fresh testes or ovaries of fresh four major domestic fishes or carps, mix the pulp with commercially available feed at a mass ratio of 1:10, and air-dry until not sticky, and the air-drying time is less than 30 minutes.

[0046] Example 2

[0047] The difference from Example 1 is that the flushing trough 7 is U-shaped, and the number of parental pairs is 1.2 times the number of fish nests 10. In this example, the reproduction rate of collecting fertilized eggs for the first time exceeds 20%, so there is no need to create a water flow in the blank area of the spawning pond 8.

[0048] The devices and their applications in the above Examples 1 and 2 can all achieve the effect that the reproduction rate exceeds 40%, which is significantly improved compared with the prior art.

Claims

1. Indoor breeding device for Micropterus salmoides, characterized in that, The device includes a parental selection unit and a spawning unit; the parental selection unit includes a parental cultivation pond (1) and a parental collection net cage (2), and the parental collection net cage (2) is arranged near the water inlet in the parental cultivation pond (1); the spawning unit includes a spawning pond (8) and fish nests (10) in the pond, wherein fish nest partitions (9) are arranged between the fish nests (10) to form relatively independent breeding spaces in the pond, and a flowing water system (11) is erected above the fish nests (10).

2. The indoor reproduction device for Micropterus salmoides according to claim 1, wherein The parental collection net cage (2) is an open square structure, including a floating frame (4) at the opening and a net cage (6) below the floating frame (4); wherein, a flushing groove (7) is arranged at the lower edge of the floating frame (4) on one side of the net cage (6), the groove body penetrates through the net cage (6), a water pump (3) and a flushing water pipe (5) are arranged on the side opposite to the flushing groove (7), and a space is left between the flushing water pipe (5) and the flushing groove (7).

3. The indoor reproduction device for Micropterus salmoides according to claim 2, characterized in that, The flushing groove (7) is U-shaped or V-shaped.

4. The indoor reproduction device for Micropterus salmoides according to claim 1, characterized in that, 1 / 4 to 1 / 3 of the area on one side of the spawning pond (8) is set as a blank area, serving as a spare flow creation area.

5. The indoor breeding device for Micropterus salmoides according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fish nest partition (9) includes a main partition board (12) and side partition boards (13), the main partition board (12) divides the spawning pond (8) into at least one row, and spaces are left between the two ends of the main partition board (12) and the inner wall of the spawning pond (8); the side partition boards (13) are evenly and vertically arranged on the main partition board (12) to form relatively independent rectangular spaces, the fish nests (10) are arranged in these spaces, and the height of the side partition boards (13) is lower than that of the main partition board (12).

6. The indoor breeding device for Micropterus salmoides according to claim 1, wherein The flowing water system (11) includes a main pipe (14) arranged outside the spawning pond (8), a main branch pipe (15) is connected to the main pipe (14), and the main branch pipe (15) is located above the main partition board (12); nest pipes (16) are evenly arranged on the main branch pipe (15), and the nest pipes (16) are located above the fish nests (10); a main branch pipe valve (17) is arranged between the main branch pipe (15) and the main pipe (14).

7. The indoor reproduction device for Micropterus salmoides according to claim 1, wherein, The fish nest (10) includes a base (18) and a nest cavity (19); the base (18) is a truncated columnar structure with upper and lower openings, and is narrower at the top and wider at the bottom, and water permeable holes (20) are evenly arranged on the lower part of the side surface of the base (18); the nest cavity (19) includes a hemispherical frame (21) and an upper opening (22), the nest cavity (19) is placed in the base (18), and the upper opening (22) is sleeved on the upper opening of the base (18); a water permeable nest sheet is laid or sewn on the frame (21) to collect the fertilized eggs of Micropterus salmoides.

8. Application of the device according to any one of claims 1-7 in improving the indoor breeding efficiency of Micropterus salmoides.

9. The application according to claim 8, characterized in that, The application includes the following steps: S1. Stock the parents of Micropterus salmoides in the parental breeding pond (1). The water surface in the pond is flush with the upper edge of the flushing trough (7). Set the distance between the opening of the flushing pipe (5) and the flushing trough (7) to be 40 - 50 cm to ensure that when the water pump (3) is turned on, the water in the flushing trough (7) flushes out of the net cage (6), forming a water flow. One week before collecting the parents, add fresh water to the pond for 1 - 2 hours every day and observe the water-top phenomenon of the parents. During the breeding process of the parents, feed them with ice fresh fish or commercially available feed. After the water-top phenomenon of the parents occurs, stop adding water to the pond and start feeding fresh mixed feed once a day for 3 consecutive days. Then turn on the water pump (3) to flush water and collect the parents that swim into the net cage (6). Among them, the parents with mature gonads are sensitive to water flow stimulation and swim into the net cage (6) against the water flow. The water pump (3) is turned on from early morning and turned off at dawn. S2. Put the collected pairs of parents in step S1 into the spawning pond (8) at a ratio of 1 - 1.5 times the number of fish nests (10). Add water to the spawning pond (8) until the water level exceeds the upper edge of the main dividing plate (12) by 10 cm. Connect the main pipe (14) to the water source, and the opening of the nest pipe (16) is submerged under the water surface. After the parents are stably dispersed, add water to the spawning pond (8) in the evening of the same day until the water level exceeds the upper edge of the main dividing plate (12) by 30 cm. Turn on the flowing water system (11) at night, adjust the main and branch pipe valves (17) so that the water flow flowing out of the nest pipe (16) is a micro-flow when it reaches the bottom of the nest cavity (19). Combining the blocking effect of the nest pieces and the water-permeable effect of the water-permeable holes (20), the semen of male fish diffuses downward sufficiently and fertilizes the eggs on the nest pieces, preventing the semen from escaping upward and affecting the fertilization rate. In the morning of the next day, collect the nest cavities (19) carrying fertilized eggs, carry out hatching, and replace the new nest cavities (19) on the base (18), and continue to collect fertilized eggs. Turn off the flowing water system (11) in the afternoon and start it again at night, and repeat the operation until the breeding rate of the parents reaches more than 40%. Among them, during hatching, invert the nest cavity (19) in the hatching pond and stack them in a single layer or multiple layers in a staggered manner for hatching. S3. When the breeding rate is lower than 15% during the first collection of fertilized eggs in step S2, create a water flow in the blank area of the spawning pond (8) to form a micro-flow and a rustling sound in the spawning pond (8). Among them, creating the water flow is carried out in the first half of the night.

10. The application according to claim 9, characterized in that, The fresh mixed feed is prepared by the following method: Pulverize the fresh testes or ovaries of fresh common carp or carp, mix the pulp with commercially available feed at a mass ratio of 1:10, air-dry it until it does not stick, and the air-drying time is less than 30 min.

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