Waste lithium battery charged crushing equipment and crushing method

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of resource recovery, in particular to waste lithium battery charged crushing equipment and a crushing method. Comprising a material distributing device, a crushing device, a nitrogen protection system, a control module and a liquid nitrogen quenching device, the material distributing device comprises a conveying belt and a material distributing box, the conveying belt extends to the position above the material distributing box, a guide plate is rotationally arranged at the upper end of the material distributing box below the conveying belt, and feeding funnels extending into the material distributing box are arranged on the two sides of the guide plate correspondingly; two material distributing columns in one-to-one correspondence with the feeding funnels are rotationally arranged in the material distributing box, four material grooves vertically penetrating through the material distributing columns are formed in the material distributing columns at intervals, a bottom plate is horizontally arranged at the lower ends of the material distributing columns, material leaking holes are formed in the bottom plate, a disc feeder is arranged below the bottom plate, and the disc feeder is provided with a first conveying pipe connected with a crushing device; and the nitrogen protection system and the liquid nitrogen quenching device are connected with the crushing device and the control module. The method has the advantages of reducing nitrogen consumption and saving the use cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of resource recovery, and in particular to a live crushing device and a crushing method for waste lithium batteries. Background Art

[0002] Waste lithium batteries are rich in rare metals such as cobalt, nickel, lithium, and manganese. Among them, 150-220 kg of cobalt and 300-350 kg of nickel can be extracted from each ton of batteries, which have good economic value. At the same time, they reduce resource dependence, reduce the cost of new mine mining, and alleviate resource shortages. There are two mainstream crushing methods for waste lithium batteries. The first is crushing after discharge, which is highly safe. The way to discharge waste lithium batteries is to soak them in salt water, but the discharge takes a long time; the second is live crushing. During the live crushing process, protective gas is rushed in to reduce the oxygen concentration and reduce the probability of fire and combustion. This crushing method is more efficient and widely used.

[0003] Chinese patent CN 106424100B discloses a nitrogen protection crushing device for scrapped power lithium batteries. The top cover is provided with an air outlet and an air suction device. The dissipated gas generated during the crushing process is sucked away by the air suction device above.

[0004] In order to ensure that the oxygen concentration in the crushing device is below the safety standard of 5%, the protective gas needs to be continuously supplied in large quantities, resulting in a large consumption of protective gas. The cost of industrial nitrogen is about 0.7 yuan / m 3 , large amounts of consumption result in high costs. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a live crushing device and a crushing method for waste lithium batteries, which have the advantages of reducing the consumption of protective gas and reducing the use cost.

[0006] The technical solutions adopted are as follows:

[0007] A charged crushing device for waste lithium batteries, comprising a material distribution device, a crushing device, a nitrogen protection system, a control module and a liquid nitrogen rapid cooling device. The material distribution device includes a conveyor belt and a material distribution box. The conveyor belt extends above the material distribution box. A guide plate is rotatably arranged at the upper end of the material distribution box below the conveyor belt. The guide plate is connected with a reciprocating motor. Feed funnels extending into the interior of the material distribution box are arranged on both sides of the guide plate. Two material distribution columns corresponding to the feed funnels one by one are rotatably arranged in the material distribution box. The material distribution box is provided with a rotating mechanism connected to the material distribution columns. The lower end of the feed funnel is pressed on the upper end surface of the material distribution column. A gap compensation mechanism is arranged at the lower end of the feed funnel. Four vertical material grooves penetrating the material distribution column are arranged at intervals on the material distribution column. A bottom plate is horizontally arranged at the lower end of the material distribution column. A material leakage hole is formed in the bottom plate. The material leakage hole and the feed funnel are symmetrical about the axis of the material distribution column. A disk block feeder is arranged below the bottom plate. The disk block feeder is provided with a first conveying pipe connected to the crushing device. The nitrogen protection system and the liquid nitrogen rapid cooling device are both connected to the crushing device and the control module.

[0008] Preferably, the gap compensation mechanism includes a sleeve. The sleeve is vertically slidably arranged outside the feed funnel. A retaining ring is arranged outside the feed funnel. A compression spring is arranged between the retaining ring and the sleeve (11).

[0009] Preferably, the crushing device includes a crushing box. A double-roll crusher and a single-roll crusher are arranged in the crushing box. The double-roll crusher is arranged above the single-roll crusher and the double-roll crusher and the single-roll crusher are vertically corresponding.

[0010] Preferably, a temperature sensor and an oxygen concentration sensor are arranged in the crushing box. The temperature sensor and the oxygen concentration sensor are both connected to the control module. The crushing device is provided with a second conveying pipe extending below the crushing box. The lower end of the second conveying pipe is connected to a screw conveyor. The screw conveyor is connected to a silo. The silo is provided with a discharge valve.

[0011] Preferably, the crushing box is provided with a nitrogen conveying pipe connected to the nitrogen protection system. The nitrogen protection system includes a nitrogen generator, a nitrogen refrigerator and a nitrogen heat preservation storage tank. The nitrogen heat preservation storage tank is directly connected to the nitrogen conveying pipe.

[0012] Preferably, the crushing box is connected with a liquid nitrogen pipeline. The liquid nitrogen pipeline is connected to the liquid nitrogen rapid cooling device. The liquid nitrogen rapid cooling device includes a liquid nitrogen tank and a variable-frequency liquid nitrogen pump connected to the liquid nitrogen tank. The variable-frequency liquid nitrogen pump is connected to the liquid nitrogen pipeline.

[0013] Preferably, a pressure relief valve is arranged on the inner wall of the crushing box. An electric control flap valve is arranged on the first conveying pipe. The electric control flap valve is connected to the control module.

[0014] Preferably, an electric control telescopic rod is vertically arranged on the inner wall of the material distribution box above the material distribution column. A push plate is arranged at the lower end of the electric control telescopic rod. The push plate is vertically corresponding to the material leakage hole. The electric control telescopic rod is connected to the control module.

[0015] Preferably, the diameter of the material leakage hole is 1.3 to 1.5 times the diameter of the material trough.

[0016] The present invention also provides a crushing method based on the above-mentioned waste lithium battery live crushing equipment, comprising the following steps:

[0017] S1: Start the nitrogen protection system, introduce nitrogen into the crushing chamber. According to the data information transmitted by the oxygen concentration sensor, when the oxygen concentration in the crushing chamber is lower than 5%, start the conveyor belt, the disc block feeder and the crushing device, and at the same time reduce the nitrogen supply of the nitrogen protection system to one-third of the original.

[0018] S2: The reciprocating motor rotates once every 20 seconds, conveys the waste lithium batteries conveyed by the conveyor belt to different feed funnels. The rotating mechanism rotates 90 degrees every 20 seconds, so that different material troughs are sequentially aligned with the corresponding feed funnels and feed materials.

[0019] S3: The material trough rotates with the material distribution column. When the material trough corresponds to the material leakage hole, the waste lithium battery falls from the material trough into the disc block feeder, enters the crushing device through the first conveying pipe for crushing, and the crushed debris is conveyed to the transfer bin by the screw conveyor.

[0020] S4: During the crushing process, the temperature sensor monitors the temperature in the crushing chamber. After the temperature exceeds 80 °C, the control module controls the liquid nitrogen quenching device to continuously spray liquid nitrogen into the crushing chamber for 10 seconds for rapid cooling. At the same time, the control module controls the disc block feeder to stop suddenly. After the disc block feeder stops suddenly for 5 seconds, the control module controls the electric control flap valve to close.

[0021] The technical advantages obtained by the present invention are as follows:

[0022] 1. The rotating material distribution column enables the material trough to be in different positions and at different times during feeding and discharging, avoiding direct exchange of the inside of the material distribution box with the external gas. During the process of the feed funnel feeding the waste lithium battery into the material trough, the waste lithium battery can occupy most of the space in the material trough, reducing the amount of oxygen brought into the inside of the material distribution box and the amount of nitrogen carried out. The amount of oxygen entering the material distribution box and the crushing chamber is small, and the nitrogen loss is small, which can reduce the use of nitrogen, reduce the use of nitrogen production raw materials, and at the same time reduce power consumption and lower the overall use cost.

[0023] 2. The reduction of the nitrogen supply is accompanied by the reduction of the amount of low-temperature nitrogen used to cool the crushing device, and the cooling effect during the crushing process becomes worse. In order to improve the safety during the crushing process, a temperature sensor and a liquid nitrogen quenching device are designed. The liquid nitrogen quenching device responds quickly when the waste lithium battery catches fire accidentally during crushing, uses liquid nitrogen to quickly cool the crushing device and the waste lithium battery. At the same time, the liquid nitrogen warms up and gasifies into nitrogen, increasing the nitrogen concentration in the crushing chamber, which also has a fire extinguishing effect. The overall safety performance of the crushing device is high. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0024] Figure 1 is a schematic internal three-dimensional structure diagram of a charged crushing device and a crushing method for waste lithium batteries according to the present invention,

[0025] Figure 2 is Figure 1 a schematic structure diagram of the position A in

[0026] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the positional relationship between the material distribution column and the feed hopper of a charged crushing device and a crushing method for waste lithium batteries according to the present invention,

[0027] Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the position of the feed hopper of a charged crushing device and a crushing method for waste lithium batteries according to the present invention,

[0028] Figure 5 is a schematic front internal structure diagram of a charged crushing device and a crushing method for waste lithium batteries according to the present invention,

[0029] Figure 6 is a schematic left view structure diagram of a charged crushing device and a crushing method for waste lithium batteries according to the present invention,

[0030] Figure 7 is Figure 6 a schematic structure diagram of the position B in

[0031] Figure 8 is a schematic top view structure diagram of a charged crushing device and a crushing method for waste lithium batteries according to the present invention,

[0032] Figure 9 is Figure 8 a schematic structure diagram of the position C in

[0033] In the figure: 1. Material distribution box; 2. Control module; 3. Crushing box; 4. Feed hopper; 5. Conveyor belt; 6. Guide plate; 7. Reciprocating motor; 8. Material distribution column; 9. Retaining ring; 10. Compression spring; 11. Sleeve; 12. Feed trough; 13. Rotating mechanism; 14. Bottom plate; 15. Leakage hole; 16. Electric control telescopic rod; 17. Push plate; 18. Disk feeder; 19. First conveying pipe; 20. Double-roll crusher; 21. Single-roll crusher; 22. Slideway; 23. Temperature sensor; 24. Oxygen concentration sensor; 25. Second conveying pipe; 26. Screw conveyor; 27. Silo; 28. Discharge valve; 29. Liquid nitrogen tank; 30. Variable-frequency liquid nitrogen pump; 31. Liquid nitrogen pipeline; 32. Liquid nitrogen nozzle, 33. Pressure relief valve; 34. Electric control plug valve; 35. Nitrogen generator; 36. Nitrogen refrigerator; 37. Nitrogen heat preservation storage tank; 38. Nitrogen conveying pipe. Detailed Embodiments

[0034] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments:

[0035] Embodiment 1: Please refer to Figures 1 to 9 : A charged crushing device and method for waste lithium batteries, including a material distribution device, a crushing device, a nitrogen protection system, a control module 2, and a liquid nitrogen rapid cooling device.

[0036] The material distribution device includes a conveyor belt 5 and a material distribution box 1. The conveyor belt 5 extends obliquely above the material distribution box 1. A bracket is provided on the upper end surface of the material distribution box 1 below the conveyor belt. A guiding plate 6 is rotatably provided on the bracket. The guiding plate 6 is connected to a reciprocating motor 7. Feeding funnels 4 extending into the interior of the material distribution box 1 are provided on both sides of the guiding plate 6. The reciprocating motor 7 drives the guiding plate 6 to rotate once every 20 seconds. When the guiding plate 6 inclines towards the feeding funnel 4, the waste lithium batteries conveyed by the conveyor belt 5 enter the corresponding feeding funnel 4 from the guiding plate 6.

[0037] Two material distribution columns 8 corresponding to the feeding funnels 4 one by one are rotatably provided in the material distribution box 1. The material distribution box 1 is provided with a rotating mechanism 13 connected to the material distribution column 8. The rotating mechanism 13 drives the corresponding material distribution column 8 to rotate, rotating 90 degrees every 20 seconds. The lower end of the feeding funnel 4 is pressed against the upper end surface of the material distribution column 8. A gap compensation mechanism is provided at the lower end of the feeding funnel 4. The gap compensation mechanism is used to compensate for the gap between the lower end of the feeding funnel 4 and the material distribution column 8, reducing the exchange of gas between the feeding funnel 4 and the interior of the material distribution box 1.

[0038] Four material grooves 12 vertically penetrating the material distribution column 8 are provided at intervals on the material distribution column 8. A bottom plate 14 is horizontally provided at the lower end of the material distribution column 8. A material leakage hole 15 is formed in the bottom plate 14. The material leakage hole 15 is symmetric with the feeding funnel 4 about the axis of the material distribution column 8. A disk feeder 18 is provided below the bottom plate 14. The disk feeder 18 corresponds to the two material leakage holes 15 up and down. The disk feeder 18 is connected to the control module 2. The disk feeder 18 is a prior art and will not be elaborated here.

[0039] The feeding funnel 4 loads the waste lithium batteries into the corresponding material grooves 12 and discharges them from the material leakage holes 15 after the material distribution column 8 rotates 180 degrees. When the material groove 12 corresponds to the feeding funnel 4, both air and waste lithium batteries enter the material groove 12. The waste lithium batteries occupy most of the space in the material groove 12, reducing the air entering the material groove 12. When the material groove 12 rotates to correspond to the material leakage hole 15, a small amount of air enters the material distribution box 1 and a small amount of nitrogen enters the material groove 12, with a low nitrogen loss rate and nitrogen savings.

[0040] The disk feeder 18 is provided with a first conveying pipe 19 connected to the crushing device. The nitrogen protection system and the liquid nitrogen rapid cooling device are both connected to the crushing device and the control module 2. The nitrogen protection system conveys nitrogen into the crushing device. The control module 2 controls the liquid nitrogen rapid cooling device to rapidly cool the crushing device after the abnormal temperature rise in the crushing device, reducing the fire risk and improving the safety of the crushing device.

[0041] Embodiment 2: Please refer to Figures 1 to 9 : A charged crushing device and crushing method for waste lithium batteries, including a material distribution device, a crushing device, a nitrogen protection system, a control module 2, and a liquid nitrogen rapid cooling device.

[0042] The material distribution device includes a conveying belt 5 and a material distribution box 1. The conveying belt 5 extends obliquely above the material distribution box 1. A bracket is provided on the upper end surface of the material distribution box 1 below the conveying belt. A guiding plate 6 is rotatably provided on the bracket. The guiding plate 6 is connected to a reciprocating motor 7. Feeding funnels 4 extending into the interior of the material distribution box 1 are provided on both sides of the guiding plate 6. The reciprocating motor 7 drives the guiding plate 6 to rotate once every 20 seconds. When the guiding plate 6 inclines towards the feeding funnel 4, the waste lithium batteries conveyed by the conveying belt 5 enter the corresponding feeding funnel 4 from the guiding plate 6.

[0043] Two material distribution columns 8 corresponding to the feeding funnels 4 one by one are rotatably provided in the material distribution box 1. The material distribution box 1 is provided with a rotating mechanism 13 connected to the material distribution columns 8. The rotating mechanism 13 drives the corresponding material distribution columns 8 to rotate, rotating 90 degrees every 20 seconds. The lower end of the feeding funnel 4 is pressed against the upper end surface of the material distribution column 8. A clearance compensation mechanism is provided at the lower end of the feeding funnel 4. Please refer to Figure 4 : The clearance compensation mechanism includes a sleeve 11. The sleeve 11 is vertically slidably provided outside the feeding funnel 4. A retaining ring 9 is provided outside the feeding funnel 4. A compression spring 10 is provided between the retaining ring 9 and the sleeve 11. The compression spring 10 applies a downward pressure to the sleeve 11. The lower end of the sleeve 11 is pressed against the material distribution column 8, reducing the clearance between the upper end surface of the material distribution column 8 and the feeding funnel 4, and reducing the gas exchange between the feeding funnel 4 and the interior of the material distribution box 1.

[0044] Four vertical material grooves 12 penetrating the material distribution column 8 are provided at intervals on the material distribution column 8. A bottom plate 14 is horizontally provided at the lower end of the material distribution column 8. A leakage hole 15 is opened on the bottom plate 14. The leakage hole 15 is symmetric with the feeding funnel 4 about the axis of the material distribution column 8. A disk feeder 18 is provided below the bottom plate 14. The disk feeder 18 corresponds to both leakage holes 15 up and down. The disk feeder 18 is connected to the control module 2. The disk feeder 18 is a prior art and will not be elaborated here; the diameter of the leakage hole 15 is 1.3 to 1.5 times the diameter of the material groove 12, avoiding the interference of the leakage hole 15 with the falling of waste lithium batteries from the material groove 12.

[0045] The feeding hopper 4 loads the waste lithium batteries into the corresponding trough 12. After the material distribution column 8 rotates 180 degrees, the waste lithium batteries are discharged from the material leakage hole 15. Please refer to Figure 4 : A chamfer is provided on the lower end face inside the feeding hopper 4. When the waste lithium batteries entering the trough 12 are higher than the material distribution column 8, the inclined plane at the lower part of the feeding hopper 4 facilitates pushing the waste lithium batteries downward as the material distribution column 8 rotates. When the trough 12 corresponds to the feeding hopper 4, both air and waste lithium batteries enter the trough 12. The waste lithium batteries occupy most of the space in the trough 12, reducing the air entering the trough 12. When the trough 12 rotates to correspond to the material leakage hole 15, a small amount of air enters the distribution box 1, and a small amount of nitrogen enters the trough 12. The nitrogen loss rate is low, saving nitrogen.

[0046] Vertically arranged electric control telescopic rods 16 are provided on the inner wall of the distribution box 1 above the material distribution column 8. A push plate 17 is provided at the lower end of the electric control telescopic rod 16. The push plate 17 corresponds to the material leakage hole 15 up and down. The electric control telescopic rod 16 is connected to the control module 2. When the trough 12 corresponds to the material leakage hole 15, the control module 2 controls the electric control telescopic rod 16 to push the push plate 17 downward to push the waste lithium batteries in the trough 12 down, avoiding material blockage in the trough 12.

[0047] The disk feeder 18 is provided with a first conveying pipe 19 connected to the crushing device. The crushing device includes a crushing box 3. A double-roll crusher 20 and a single-roll crusher 21 are provided in the crushing box 3. The double-roll crusher 20 is arranged above the single-roll crusher 21 and the double-roll crusher 20 and the single-roll crusher 21 correspond to each other up and down. The lower end of the first conveying pipe 19 is provided with an inclined slideway 22. The end of the slideway 22 corresponds to the crushing device up and down. The inclined slideway 22 isolates the first conveying pipe 19 from the crushing device. When the waste lithium batteries in the crushing device catch fire and burn, it can prevent directly burning the waste lithium batteries in the first conveying pipe 19 and causing a larger fire.

[0048] A temperature sensor 23 and an oxygen concentration sensor 24 are provided in the crushing box 3. Both the temperature sensor 23 and the oxygen concentration sensor 24 are connected to the control module 2. The temperature sensor 23 monitors the temperature in the crushing box 3, and the oxygen concentration sensor 24 monitors the oxygen concentration in the crushing box 3. The crushing device is provided with a second conveying pipe 25 extending below the crushing box 3. The lower end of the second conveying pipe 25 is connected to a screw conveyor 26. The screw conveyor 26 is connected to a storage bin 27. The storage bin 27 is provided with a discharge valve 28. The crushing device crushes the waste lithium batteries into particles, and the screw conveyor 26 conveys the battery particles into the storage bin 27. The discharge valve 28 is closed to prevent oxygen from entering the crushing device from the storage bin 27.

[0049] The nitrogen protection system includes a nitrogen generator 35, a nitrogen refrigerator 36, a nitrogen heat preservation storage tank 37, and a nitrogen delivery pipe 38 connected to the crushing box 3. The nitrogen delivery pipe 38 delivers the produced nitrogen to the inside of the crushing device after cooling, so that the oxygen concentration inside the crushing device is lower than 5%. The cooled nitrogen plays a role in cooling the crushing device, avoiding heat accumulation and excessive temperature caused by frictional heat generation during the crushing process. The nitrogen protection system is connected to the control module 2, and according to the data information of the oxygen concentration sensor 24, the nitrogen supply amount of the nitrogen protection system is regulated.

[0050] The liquid nitrogen rapid cooling device includes a liquid nitrogen tank 29, a variable-frequency liquid nitrogen pump 30 connected to the liquid nitrogen tank 29, and a corresponding liquid nitrogen pipeline 31. The liquid nitrogen pipeline 31 extends into the crushing box 3 and is provided with a liquid nitrogen spray nozzle 32 extending to the upper end of the crushing device. The liquid nitrogen rapid cooling device is connected to the control module 2. The temperature sensor 23 monitors the temperature inside the crushing box 3. After the temperature exceeds 80°C, the control module 2 controls the liquid nitrogen rapid cooling device to continuously spray liquid nitrogen into the crushing box 3 for 10 seconds for rapid cooling, avoiding fire and combustion caused by excessive temperature and improving the safety of the crushing device.

[0051] A pressure relief valve 33 is provided on the inner wall of the crushing box 3, and an electric control flap valve 34 is provided on the first delivery pipe 19. The electric control flap valve 34 is connected to the control module 2. When the temperature sensor 23 detects that the temperature inside the crushing box 3 rises abnormally and reaches 80°C, the temperature sensor 23 transmits a signal to the control module 2. The control module 2 starts the liquid nitrogen rapid cooling device to spray liquid nitrogen on the crushing device for rapid cooling, and at the same time controls the disc feeder 18 to stop suddenly. After the disc feeder 18 stops suddenly for 5 seconds, the control module 2 controls the electric control flap valve 34 to close, with an interval of 5 seconds to avoid the electric control valve clamping the waste lithium battery. The liquid nitrogen rapid cooling device sprays liquid nitrogen into the crushing box 3 to quickly cool the inside of the crushing box 3. After the liquid nitrogen heats up, it vaporizes into nitrogen, which can be used as a protective gas inside the crushing box 3. When the air pressure inside the crushing box 3 is too high, it is discharged from the pressure relief valve 33.

[0052] The working principle is as follows:

[0053] The control module 2 activates the nitrogen protection system. The generated nitrogen is cooled and then transported into the crushing box 3. The nitrogen in the crushing box 3 enters the material distribution box 1 and the silo 27 through the first conveying pipe 19 and the second conveying pipe 25. The oxygen concentration sensor 24 measures the oxygen concentration in the crushing box 3. When the oxygen concentration in the crushing box 3 is lower than 5%, the supply volume of nitrogen is reduced to one-third of the original, and the crushing device and the conveying belt 5 are activated. The conveying belt 5 transports the waste lithium batteries above the material distribution box 1. The reciprocating motor 7 controls the guide plate 6 to rotate once every 20 seconds. The guide plate 6 rotates reciprocally to guide the waste lithium batteries into different feeding funnels 4. The rotating mechanism 13 controls the distribution column 8 to rotate 90 degrees every 20 seconds. The waste lithium batteries enter the trough 12 from the feeding funnel 4. The trough 12 rotates 180 degrees with the distribution column 8 and aligns with the leakage hole 15. During the process of the waste lithium batteries entering the material distribution box 1, both air and waste lithium batteries enter the trough 12. The waste lithium batteries occupy most of the space in the trough 12, reducing the air entering the trough 12. When the trough 12 rotates to correspond to the leakage hole 15, the air entering the material distribution box 1 is reduced, and at the same time, the protective gas in the material distribution box 1 entering the trough 12 is reduced, reducing the air entering the material distribution box 1 and reducing the escape of the protective gas, reducing the usage amount of the protective gas and having a low usage cost.

[0054] The waste lithium batteries in the trough 12 fall into the disk feeder 18 from the leakage hole 15. At the same time, the electric control telescopic rod 16 drives the push plate 17 to press down for pushing the material, pushing the waste lithium batteries in the trough 12 down to avoid material blockage. The waste lithium batteries enter the disk feeder 18. The disk feeder 18 evenly transports the waste lithium batteries into the first conveying pipe 19. The waste lithium batteries enter the crushing device and are crushed. After crushing, they are transported to the silo 27 through the screw conveyor 26.

[0055] During the crushing process, the temperature sensor 23 and the oxygen concentration sensor 24 transmit data to the control module 2 in real time. When the oxygen concentration increases, the supply volume of nitrogen in the nitrogen protection system is increased to ensure that the oxygen concentration is below 5%. When the temperature in the crushing box 3 rises to 80 °C, the control module 2 controls the liquid nitrogen quenching device to spray liquid nitrogen into the crushing box 3 for fire extinguishing and rapid cooling. At the same time, the disk feeder 18 stops suddenly. After the liquid nitrogen is sprayed for 5 seconds, the electric control plug valve 34 is closed. After the liquid nitrogen heats up and vaporizes, it becomes nitrogen, increasing the nitrogen concentration in the crushing box 3 and reducing the risk of fire.

[0056] The specific embodiments provided by the present invention have been introduced in detail above. Specific examples are used in this article to elaborate on the principle and implementation manner of the present invention. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method and its core idea of the present invention; at the same time, for those of ordinary skill in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation manner and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

Claims

1. A charged crushing device for waste lithium batteries, characterized in that: It includes a material distributing device, a crushing device, a nitrogen protection system, a control module (2), and a liquid nitrogen rapid cooling device. The material distributing device includes a conveyor belt (5) and a material distribution box (1). The conveyor belt (5) extends above the material distribution box (1). A guiding plate (6) is rotatably arranged at the upper end of the material distribution box below the conveyor belt (5). The guiding plate (6) is connected to a reciprocating motor (7). Feeding funnels (4) extending into the interior of the material distribution box (1) are arranged on both sides of the guiding plate (6). Two material distribution columns (8) corresponding to the feeding funnels (4) one by one are rotatably arranged in the material distribution box (1). The material distribution box (1) is provided with a rotating mechanism (13) connected to the material distribution columns (8). The lower end of the feeding funnel (4) is pressed against the upper end surface of the material distribution column (8). A clearance compensation mechanism is arranged at the lower end of the feeding funnel (4). Four material grooves (12) vertically penetrating the material distribution column (8) are arranged at intervals on the material distribution column (8). A bottom plate (14) is horizontally arranged at the lower end of the material distribution column (8). A material leakage hole (15) is formed in the bottom plate (14). The material leakage hole (15) is symmetric with the feeding funnel (4) about the axis of the material distribution column (8). A disk block feeder (18) is arranged below the bottom plate (14). The disk block feeder (18) is provided with a first conveying pipe (19) connected to the crushing device. The nitrogen protection system and the liquid nitrogen rapid cooling device are both connected to the crushing device and the control module (2).

2. The charged crushing device for waste lithium batteries according to claim 1, wherein: The said clearance compensation mechanism includes a sleeve (11). The sleeve (11) is vertically slidably arranged outside the feeding funnel (4). A retaining ring (9) is arranged outside the feeding funnel (4). A compression spring (10) is arranged between the retaining ring (9) and the sleeve (11).

3. The charged crushing device for waste lithium batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: The crushing device includes a crushing box (3). A double-roll crusher (20) and a single-roll crusher (21) are arranged in the crushing box (3). The double-roll crusher (20) is arranged above the single-roll crusher (21) and the double-roll crusher (20) and the single-roll crusher (21) are vertically corresponding.

4. The charged crushing device for waste lithium batteries according to claim 3, wherein: A temperature sensor (23) and an oxygen concentration sensor (24) are arranged in the crushing box (3). The temperature sensor (23) and the oxygen concentration sensor (24) are both connected to the control module (2). The crushing device is provided with a second conveying pipe (25) extending below the crushing box (3). The lower end of the second conveying pipe (25) is connected to a screw conveyor (26). The screw conveyor (26) is connected to a silo (27). The silo (27) is provided with a discharge valve (28).

5. The charged crushing device for waste lithium batteries according to claim 4, wherein: The crushing box (3) is provided with a nitrogen conveying pipe (38) connected to the nitrogen protection system. The nitrogen protection system includes a nitrogen generator (35), a nitrogen refrigerator (36), and a nitrogen heat preservation storage tank (37). The nitrogen heat preservation storage tank (37) is directly connected to the nitrogen conveying pipe (38).

6. The charged crushing device for waste lithium batteries according to claim 4, characterized in that: The crushing box (3) is connected to a liquid nitrogen pipeline (31). The liquid nitrogen pipeline (31) is connected to the liquid nitrogen rapid cooling device. The liquid nitrogen rapid cooling device includes a liquid nitrogen tank (29) and a variable-frequency liquid nitrogen pump (30) connected to the liquid nitrogen tank (29). The variable-frequency liquid nitrogen pump (30) is connected to the liquid nitrogen pipeline (31).

7. The charged crushing device for waste lithium batteries according to claim 6, wherein: The inner wall of the crushing box (3) is provided with a pressure relief valve (33), and an electrically controlled slide valve (34) is arranged on the first conveying pipe (19). The electrically controlled slide valve (34) is connected to the control module (2).

8. The charged crushing device for waste lithium batteries according to claim 1, wherein: Vertically arranged on the inner wall of the feeding box (1) above the feeding column (8) is an electrically controlled telescopic rod (16). A push plate (17) is arranged at the lower end of the electrically controlled telescopic rod (16). The push plate (17) corresponds to the material leakage hole (15) up and down. The electrically controlled telescopic rod (16) is connected to the control module (2).

9. The charged crushing device for waste lithium batteries according to claim 1, wherein: The diameter of the material leakage hole (15) is 1.3 to 1.5 times the diameter of the material trough (12).

10. A method for electrically breaking waste lithium batteries according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that: It includes the following steps: S1: Start the nitrogen protection system, introduce nitrogen into the crushing box (3). According to the data information transmitted by the oxygen concentration sensor (24), when the oxygen concentration in the crushing box (3) is lower than 5%, start the conveyor belt (5), the disc block feeder (18) and the crushing device, and at the same time reduce the nitrogen supply of the nitrogen protection system to one-third of the original. S2: The reciprocating motor (7) rotates once every 20 seconds, and conveys the waste lithium batteries conveyed by the conveyor belt (5) to different feeding funnels (4). The rotating mechanism (13) rotates 90 degrees every 20 seconds, so that different material troughs (12) are sequentially corresponding to and feeding the corresponding feeding funnels (4). S3: The material trough (12) rotates with the feeding column (8). When the material trough (12) corresponds to the material leakage hole (15), the waste lithium batteries fall from the material trough (12) into the disc block feeder (18), enter the crushing device through the first conveying pipe (19) for crushing, and the crushed debris is conveyed to the transfer bin (27) by the screw conveyor (26). S4: During the crushing process, the temperature sensor (23) monitors the temperature in the crushing box (3). After the temperature exceeds 80 °C, the control module (2) controls the liquid nitrogen quenching device to continuously spray liquid nitrogen into the crushing box (3) for 10 seconds for rapid cooling. At the same time, control the disc block feeder (18) to stop urgently. After the disc block feeder (18) stops urgently for 5 seconds, the control module (2) controls the electrically controlled slide valve (34) to close.

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