Coal briquette crushing device

Abstract

The invention discloses a coal briquette crushing device. The invention relates to the technical field of coal mine processing. Comprising a crushing mechanism which is composed of two main parts, namely a first crushing set and a second crushing set. The first crushing group is formed by a plurality of retractable crushing assemblies capable of stretching and retracting the jaw plate in an annular array; the jaw plates can be hydraulically or mechanically driven to extrude and crush coal briquettes like a jaw crusher. The second crushing set is composed of a plurality of driving hammer assemblies capable of stretching out of or retracting into a hammer body in an annular array mode. The hammer bodies rotate at a high speed or do reciprocating motion; through the synergistic effect of the rotating module and the contraction and expansion crushing assembly, efficient movement and uniform stress of coal briquettes in the crushing process are achieved. The rotary table drives the jaw plate to rotate, meanwhile, the jaw plate can be adjusted in a telescopic mode according to needs, coal briquettes are subjected to more uniform and continuous force through the multi-dimensional movement mode, and the crushing efficiency and uniformity are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of coal mine processing, specifically to the technology of uniform crushing of coal blocks, and particularly to a coal block crushing device. Background Art

[0002] As an important energy source and industrial raw material, the particle size of coal directly affects its use effect and value. Different users and technological processes have different requirements for the particle size of coal. For example, in the fields of power generation, industrial fuel, and domestic heating, coal with a moderate particle size is required. Coal block crushing mainly uses mechanical methods. According to the particle size of the crushed product, crushing operations can be divided into coarse crushing (crushing the material to more than 50 mm), medium crushing (crushing to 256 mm), fine crushing (crushing to 61 mm), and pulverization (below 1 mm). Commonly used coal block crushing equipment includes jaw crushers and four-roll crushers, and their principles are all to extrude and split the material for crushing. For example: (1) Chinese Patent CN118904484A discloses a crushing and processing device for coal block processing (publication date: November 8, 2024). When processing coal blocks, the coal blocks to be crushed are initially pulverized, and at the same time, the fine coal particles during the initial pulverization process can fall and be collected through a filter screen; the larger coal blocks falling through the feeding port installed in the device can be subjected to secondary crushing operations through the installed crushing teeth and auxiliary rods. Although this double-crushing mode can finely pulverize the coal blocks entering from the feeding frame, during the crushing process, the pressing direction and angle of its crushing components relative to the coal blocks are static, and the uneven pressure distribution leads to uneven coal block crushing. Some parts are more likely to break, while other parts are relatively difficult.

[0003] (2) Chinese Patent CN118384978A discloses a coal mine coal crusher (publication date: July 26, 2024). During crushing, it can push the coal blocks at the edge to the center for continuous crushing, increasing the number of crushing times and improving the crushing efficiency and quality. Although this technical solution realizes dynamic adjustment of the pressing direction and angle of the coal blocks relative to the crushing components based on the position of the coal blocks themselves, it cannot make the coal blocks receive a more uniform and continuous force during the crushing process, resulting in local overload or stress concentration phenomena during the coal block crushing process, thus limiting the crushing uniformity.

[0004] Therefore, the present invention proposes a coal block crushing device. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention aims to provide a coal block crushing device to solve or alleviate the technical problems existing in the prior art, that is, how to dynamically adjust the pressing direction and angle during the crushing process, continuously change the position of the coal, and apply a more uniform and continuous force during the crushing process to avoid local overload or stress concentration of the coal block during the crushing process; the technical solution of the present invention is realized as follows: The coal block crushing device includes a crushing mechanism, which consists of two main parts: the first crushing group and the second crushing group. The first crushing group is formed by a circular array of telescopic crushing components with several expandable and retractable jaw plates. These jaw plates can crush the coal block by extrusion like a jaw crusher under hydraulic or mechanical drive. The second crushing group consists of a circular array of hammer components with several extendable or retractable hammers. When these hammers rotate at high speed or move reciprocally, they crush the coal block by impact like a hammer crusher. The screening mechanism is connected to the crushing mechanism and is used to receive the crushed coal blocks. The screening mechanism screens the coal blocks based on their size by vibration to ensure that coal blocks of different particle sizes can be effectively separated.

[0006] In one embodiment: The core component of the crushing mechanism is the first cylinder body, which is provided with a feeding port at the top for receiving the coal blocks to be crushed. A discharge port is provided at the bottom, which is connected to the screening mechanism. The first cylinder body houses the telescopic crushing components and the hammer components, both of which are arranged in a circular array to ensure all-round and uniform crushing of the coal blocks. Above the discharge port of the first cylinder body, a filter plate is provided. This filter plate has a specific aperture size, which can support the coal blocks that have not been crushed small enough and allow the coal particles that meet the aperture size to pass through. When the coal blocks are crushed to a size less than or equal to the aperture size of the filter plate under the action of the telescopic crushing components and the hammer components, these coal particles will fall into the screening mechanism below under the action of gravity.

[0007] In one embodiment: A single telescopic crushing component consists of components such as a first plate body, a second plate body, a jaw plate, a second hydraulic cylinder, a slider, a first hinge arm, and a second hinge arm. The first plate body serves as a fixed support, and one end of it is hinged to the second plate body. The other end of the second plate body is hinged to the jaw plate. The non-planar part of the jaw plate is in an array of teeth for facing and crushing the coal block. The second hydraulic cylinder is installed outside the first plate body, and its piston rod is connected to the slider. The slider is slidably matched with the first plate body and can move along the first plate body under the action of the hydraulic cylinder. One end of the slider is hinged to one end of the first hinge arm, and the other end of the first hinge arm is hinged to one end of the second hinge arm. The other end of the second hinge arm is hinged to the planar part of the jaw plate. During use, the second hydraulic cylinder extends or retracts to push or pull the slider to move. The movement of the slider is transmitted through the first hinge arm and the second hinge arm, converting it into the expansion or retraction action of the jaw plate.

[0008] In one embodiment, the inner wall of the first cylinder is designed as a gradient portion that gradually decreases from top to bottom. This design allows the coal block to be subjected to a gradually increasing extrusion effect during the crushing process. At the same time, crushing teeth are evenly arranged on the surface of the gradient portion. These crushing teeth can produce shearing and friction effects during the sliding of the coal block, further enhancing the crushing effect. The jaw plates in the expansion and contraction crushing assembly are arranged approximately parallel to the gradient portion, that is, the jaw plates are arranged at an angle, and the jaw plates of all the expansion and contraction crushing assemblies in the entire annular array are arranged around to form an inverted cone. This arrangement allows the coal block to slide down along the conical surface due to gravity while being squeezed, and be subjected to shearing and friction effects.

[0009] The jaw plate of the expansion and contraction crushing assembly can be extended and retracted, that is, the angle of the jaw plate facing the gradient part can be adjusted back and forth. This design breaks the limitation of the fixed angle of the jaw plate in the traditional jaw crusher, so that different areas of the coal block can cyclically apply different sizes and directions of extrusion pressure.

[0010] In one embodiment, from a planar perspective, the gradient portion presents a shape formed by the tangency of two upper and lower arcs. The center of the upper arc is located inside the first cylinder, while the center of the lower arc is located outside the first cylinder. This design makes the inner wall surface of the gradient portion present a non-uniform curvature change, providing a more complex and uneven pressure distribution for the coal block during the crushing process. The jaw plate in the expansion and contraction crushing assembly can not only extend and retract, but also dynamically adjust its inclination angle and the distance from the inner wall of the gradient portion. This dynamic adjustment function allows the extrusion direction of the coal block to change with the inclination angle of the jaw plate when it is squeezed, thereby generating stresses in different directions inside the coal block.

[0011] In one embodiment, the hammer assembly includes a hammer body connected to a first hydraulic cylinder and a piston rod thereof. The first hydraulic cylinder serves as a power source, and drives the hammer body to perform a rapid striking action by extending the piston rod. In the process of the coal block being squeezed by the jaw plate, it is mainly subjected to the squeezing force at both ends. In order to further improve the crushing effect, the hammer assembly provides an instantaneous striking force on the upper part of the coal block. This striking force combined with the squeezing force of the jaw plate causes the coal block to be subjected to a more complex and multi-dimensional mechanical action, thereby promoting the formation and expansion of cracks. In addition, during the dynamic cyclic adjustment process of the jaw plate, when the distance between the jaw plate and the inner wall of the gradient portion is in the maximum space, that is, when the coal block moves and rearranges in a larger space, the hammer assembly also provides an instantaneous striking force on the upper part of the coal block. This striking force helps the coal block to further extend, break and rearrange, creating conditions for subsequent squeezing and shearing.

[0012] In one embodiment: The crushing mechanism includes a rotating module, the core of which is a rotatable turntable. The turntable is ingeniously arranged inside the first cylinder, below the feeding port and above the expansion and contraction crushing components. A plurality of expansion and contraction crushing components and hammer components are annularly arranged at its lower part, forming an efficient crushing working area. The rotating module is driven by a first servo motor, and the stable rotation of the turntable is achieved through the meshing transmission of a gear and a gear ring. The gear ring is fixedly connected to the turntable, ensuring the reliability and stability of the transmission. The turntable is designed as a hollow structure, so that when the coal blocks fall from the feeding port, they can smoothly fall into the first cylinder and enter the crushing working area.

[0013] In one embodiment: Based on the layout characteristics of the expansion and contraction crushing components, another action can be achieved: when the coal blocks fall onto the filter plate, the second hydraulic cylinders of all the expansion and contraction crushing components retract, driving the jaw plates to lift, leaving a space for the coal blocks to pass through and approach the gradual change part; then the turntable rotates, driving the jaw plates to rotate while the second hydraulic cylinders extend, and then "pushing" the coal blocks to move to the gradual change part. This "pushing" action not only enables the coal blocks to smoothly enter the crushing working area, but also increases the relative movement between the coal blocks, contributing to the crushing process.

[0014] In one embodiment: In the screening mechanism, a plurality of screening plates are arranged from top to bottom inside the second cylinder, and the second cylinder is further divided into different chambers; all the screening plates are arranged with a gradual change according to the mesh size, with the least number of meshes in the upper screening plates and the most number of meshes in the lower screening plates; an inclined discharge port is communicated and opened in each chamber; A spring group is arranged at the bottom of the second cylinder, the spring group is connected to the base, the base is grounded, and a vibrator is provided at the bottom of the second cylinder.

[0015] After the crushed coal blocks enter the second cylinder, the vibrator is turned on to make the second cylinder start vibrating and screening. Coal of different sizes is filtered by multiple chambers; finally, the door bodies of the inclined discharge ports in each chamber are opened to output coal of different specifications.

[0016] In one embodiment: In the crushing mechanism, the upper end of the feeding port of the first cylinder is communicated with an intermittent mechanism for pouring coal blocks into the first cylinder in batches. The intermittent mechanism includes a transmission belt driven by a second servo motor, the transmission belt drives a cross wheel to rotate, and the cross wheel rotates and cooperates with a sleeve that is open at both the upper and lower parts; the lower opening of the sleeve is communicated with the feeding port of the first cylinder. When the cross wheel rotates, the coal blocks entering through the top opening of the sleeve are sequentially introduced into the first cylinder, avoiding excessive accumulation of coal blocks.

[0017] In one embodiment: The feeding conveyor pours the transported coal blocks into the intermittent mechanism.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. High efficiency and uniformity: The present invention realizes efficient movement and uniform force of coal blocks during the crushing process through the synergistic effect of the rotating module and the expansion and contraction crushing assembly. The rotating table drives the jaw plate to rotate, and the jaw plate can be adjusted according to needs. This multi-dimensional movement mode makes the coal blocks subject to more uniform and continuous force, improving the crushing efficiency and uniformity.

[0019] 2. Dynamic Adjustment: The present invention introduces a dynamic adjustment mechanism, which controls the extension and retraction of the jaw plate and the rotation of the rotating table through the hydraulic cylinder, and can adjust the direction, angle and strength of the pressure in real time. Dynamic adjustability enables the equipment to adapt to different coal qualities and crushing requirements, and improves the flexibility and applicability of the equipment.

[0020] 3. Avoid local overload and stress concentration: Due to the rotation and telescopic movement of the jaw plate, the curved surface design of the gradient part and the grinding effect of the crushing teeth, the coal block is subjected to forces from different directions and angles during the crushing process, effectively avoiding local overload or stress concentration. It can extend the service life of the equipment and reduce maintenance costs.

[0021] 4. Reduce coal block accumulation and blockage: The "swivel" action design of the jaw plate and the rotating motion of the rotary table can effectively prevent coal blocks from accumulating on the filter plate and avoid blockage, and can continuously move the coal blocks accumulated on the outer edge to the crushing area, further improving the crushing uniformity and improving the continuous working ability and stability of the equipment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0023] Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the crushing mechanism, screening mechanism and intermittent mechanism of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the intermittent mechanism of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the crushing mechanism and the screening mechanism of the present invention; Figure 5 It is a half-cutaway perspective schematic diagram of the crushing mechanism and the screening mechanism of the present invention; Figure 6 for Figure 5Schematic perspective view of the enlarged view (1:4) of area A; Figure 7 Schematic half-sectional perspective view of the crushing mechanism of the present invention; Figure 8 Schematic perspective view of the rotating module of the crushing mechanism of the present invention; Figure 9 Schematic perspective view of the layout of the rotating module, the hammer assembly and the telescopic crushing assembly of the present invention; Figure 10 Schematic perspective view of the telescopic crushing assembly of the present invention.

[0024] Description of the drawings: 1. Crushing mechanism; 101. First cylinder; 1011. Feed inlet; 1012. Material guiding port; 102. Rotating module; 1021. First servo motor; 1022. Gear; 1023. Ring gear; 1024. Rotating table; 103. Hammer assembly; 1031. First hydraulic cylinder; 1032. Hammer body; 104. Telescopic crushing assembly; 1041. First plate body; 1042. Second plate body; 1043. Jaw plate; 1044. Second hydraulic cylinder; 1045. Slide block; 1046. First hinge arm; 1047. Second hinge arm; 105. Gradient part; 106. Crushing teeth; 107. Filter plate; 2. Screening mechanism; 201. Second cylinder; 202. Screening plate; 203. Inclined discharge port; 204. Vibrator; 205. Base; 206. Spring group; 3. Intermittent mechanism; 301. Second servo motor; 302. Transmission belt; 303. Geneva wheel; 304. Sleeve; 4. Feeding conveyor. Detailed implementation manners

[0025] In order to make the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the following will describe the detailed implementation manners of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings. Many specific details are set forth in the following description in order to fully understand the present invention. However, the present invention can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar improvements without departing from the connotation of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below; It should be noted that, as Figures 5 - 8 shown in the cross-sectional view, since the hatching will affect the neatness of the drawing, the hatching is not processed.

[0026] Embodiment: As Figures 1 - 10 shown, this embodiment discloses a coal block crushing device, including: The crushing mechanism 1 for crushing coal blocks, the crushing mechanism 1 is based on the first crushing group formed by the annular array of the telescopic and retractable jaw plate 1043 of several telescopic and retractable crushing components 104, and squeezes and crushes the coal blocks; the crushing mechanism 1 is also based on the second crushing group formed by the annular array of the hammer components 103 of several hammers 1032 that can be extended or retracted, and squeezes and crushes the coal blocks; The screening mechanism 2 that is connected to the crushing mechanism 1 and vibrates and screens the coal blocks crushed by the crushing mechanism 1 based on their sizes.

[0027] Specifically: The working principle of the telescopic and retractable crushing component 104 is based on the principle of a jaw crusher. By extending and retracting the jaw plate 1043, an extrusion force is applied to the coal blocks to break them. This crushing method is suitable for larger coal blocks and can effectively break them into smaller particles. The working principle of the hammer component 103 is based on the principle of a hammer crusher. By the high-speed rotation or reciprocating motion of the hammer 1032, an impact force is applied to the coal blocks to break them. This crushing method is suitable for medium-sized coal blocks and can further break them into finer particles. The principle of the screening mechanism 2 is to use the vibration force to screen the crushed coal blocks. By adjusting the frequency and amplitude of the vibration, effective separation of coal blocks with different particle sizes can be achieved.

[0028] It can be understood that in the above solution: This coal block crushing device combines two crushing methods of extrusion crushing and impact crushing, and can achieve efficient and uniform crushing of coal blocks. The annular array design of the telescopic and retractable crushing component 104 and the hammer component 103 makes the force distribution during the crushing process more uniform, avoiding local overload or stress concentration phenomena. The setting of the screening mechanism 2 enables the crushed coal blocks to be effectively separated according to particle size, meeting the requirements of different users for the particle size of coal blocks.

[0029] To achieve the above technical objectives, please first refer to Figure 1 : The feeding conveyor 4 pours the transported coal blocks into the intermittent mechanism 3.

[0030] Subsequently, please refer to Figures 2 - 3 : In the crushing mechanism 1, an intermittent mechanism 3 for pouring coal blocks into the first cylinder 101 in batches is connected to the upper end of the feeding port 1011 of the first cylinder 101. The intermittent mechanism 3 includes a transmission belt 302 driven by a second servo motor 301. The transmission belt 302 drives a cross wheel 303 to rotate. The cross wheel 303 rotates and fits with a sleeve 304 that is open at both the upper and lower parts; the lower opening of the sleeve 304 is connected to the feeding port 1011 of the first cylinder 101. When the cross wheel 303 rotates, the coal blocks entering through the top opening of the sleeve 304 are sequentially introduced into the first cylinder 101, avoiding excessive accumulation of coal blocks.

[0031] When the coal blocks can enter the crushing mechanism 1 in batches, please refer toFigures 4 - 5 : The crushing mechanism 1 includes a first cylinder body 101 with a feeding port 1011 and a material guiding port 1012 respectively opened at the top and the bottom. The screening mechanism 2 includes a second cylinder body 201. The first cylinder body 101 is communicated with and disposed above the second cylinder body 201. Both the telescopic crushing assembly 104 and the hammer assembly 103 are located inside the first cylinder body 101. Inside the first cylinder body 101, a filter plate 107 is provided above the material guiding port 1012 for supporting coal blocks. When the coal blocks are crushed to the maximum size that can pass through the filter plate 107, that is, the maximum size that meets the current crushing task, they can enter the screening mechanism 2 based on gravity.

[0032] Specifically: The design principle of the first cylinder body 101 is to provide a closed crushing space to ensure that coal blocks will not splash out or cause environmental pollution during the crushing process. The annular array arrangement of the telescopic crushing assembly 104 and the hammer assembly 103 is based on mechanical principles, and through multi-angle and multi-directional force application, uniform crushing of coal blocks is achieved. The setting principle of the filter plate 107 is to use the physical screening principle to preliminarily separate the crushed coal blocks according to size. Only the coal particles that meet the aperture of the filter plate 107 can pass through and enter the next screening process.

[0033] It can be understood that in the above solution: The designs of the feeding port 1011 and the material guiding port 1012 ensure the smooth input and output of coal blocks. The combined use of the telescopic crushing assembly 104 and the hammer assembly 103 improves the crushing efficiency and quality, enabling coal blocks to be quickly and uniformly crushed to the required size.

[0034] Based on the above layout and in the technical solution provided in this embodiment, please refer to Figures 7 - 10 : A single telescopic crushing assembly 104 includes a first plate body 1041 and a second plate body 1042 hinged to one end thereof. The other end of the second plate body 1042 is hinged with a jaw plate 1043. A second hydraulic cylinder 1044 is provided outside the first plate body 1041. The piston rod of the second hydraulic cylinder 1044 is connected with a slider 1045. The slider 1045 is slidably matched with the first plate body 1041. The slider 1045 is hinged to one end of a first hinge arm 1046. The other end of the first hinge arm 1046 is hinged to one end of a second hinge arm 1047. The other end of the second hinge arm 1047 is hinged to a part of the plane of the jaw plate 1043. The non-planar part of the jaw plate 1043 is in an array of teeth for facing and crushing coal blocks. When in use, the second hydraulic cylinder 1044 of each telescopic crushing assembly 104 extends. Based on the movement of the slider 1045, the first hinge arm 1046 is pushed or pulled. After the first hinge arm 1046 contributes an optimized angle of rotational freedom, the jaw plate 1043 is further pushed or pulled to extend or retract based on the second hinge arm 1047. At this time, the jaw plate 1043 can perform the function of a traditional jaw crusher to crush coal blocks.

[0035] Specifically: The working principle of the telescopic crushing assembly 104 is based on hydraulic transmission and the lever principle. The second hydraulic cylinder 1044 serves as the power source. By the extension or retraction of the piston rod, it drives the slider 1045 to slide along the first plate body 1041. The movement of the slider 1045 is converted into the pushing and pulling forces on the jaw plate 1043 through the articulated connection of the first hinge arm 1046 and the second hinge arm 1047. Due to the existence of the first hinge arm 1046 and the second hinge arm 1047, the jaw plate 1043 can perform rotational movement at an optimized angle to achieve extension or retraction. The arrayed tooth-shaped design of the jaw plate 1043 increases its contact area with the coal blocks and the crushing efficiency. When the jaw plate 1043 extends, its tooth-shaped part can penetrate deep into the interior of the coal blocks and crush the coal blocks.

[0036] It can be understood that in the above solution: The design of the telescopic crushing assembly 104 makes the crushing process of the coal blocks more efficient and uniform. Through the combined use of hydraulic transmission and the lever principle, the rapid and accurate extension and retraction of the jaw plate 1043 are achieved. The arrayed tooth-shaped design of the jaw plate 1043 improves its contact area with the coal blocks and the crushing efficiency, enabling the coal blocks to be crushed quickly and evenly. The annular array arrangement of the telescopic crushing assembly 104 (as described above) further improves the crushing efficiency and quality. This design is applicable to various coal processing sites and can meet the needs of different users for the particle size and processing efficiency of the coal blocks.

[0037] In the technical solution provided in this embodiment, please refer to Figure 7 : The inner wall of the first cylinder body 101 is provided with a tapered portion 105 that gradually narrows from top to bottom, and the surface of the tapered portion 105 is evenly provided with crushing teeth 106; in the telescopic crushing assembly 104, the jaw plate 1043 is arranged approximately parallel to the tapered portion 105, that is, the jaw plate 1043 is arranged obliquely, and the jaw plates 1043 of all the telescopic crushing assemblies 104 under the entire annular array arrangement form an inverted cone.

[0038] During crushing, under the inclined pressure, in addition to being squeezed, the coal blocks also slide along the conical surface under the action of gravity due to the structural characteristics of the tapered portion 105, generating shear and friction effects. At the same time, if the jaw plate 1043 is not arranged in a parallel manner, the area of the coal blocks will be subjected to greater pressure, while the area will be subjected to smaller pressure. The uneven pressure distribution leads to the uneven crushing of the coal blocks, and some parts are more likely to break, while other parts are relatively more difficult. Therefore, in the normal state, the jaw plate 1043 should be arranged in the above approximate parallel layout manner.

[0039] However, the expansion and contraction crushing component 104 of this solution can extend and retract the jaw plate 1043. In other words, it can control the angle of the jaw plate 1043 facing the gradual change part 105 for reciprocating adjustment. Thus, it is no longer limited to the above-mentioned restriction of "uneven pressure", but can cyclically apply extrusion forces of different magnitudes and directions to different regions of the coal block, and cooperate with the shearing and friction effects to achieve a better crushing effect.

[0040] Specifically: The design principles of the gradual change part 105 and the crushing teeth 106 are based on the physical properties of the coal block during the crushing process. Through gradually increasing extrusion effects and shearing and friction effects, efficient crushing of the coal block is achieved. The approximate parallel arrangement principle of the jaw plate 1043 is to ensure that the coal block can be evenly stressed when being extruded, avoiding uneven crushing caused by uneven pressure distribution. The extendable and retractable design principle of the expansion and contraction crushing component 104 is based on hydraulic transmission and mechanical principles. By controlling the angle and position of the jaw plate 1043, cyclic extrusion of different regions of the coal block is realized, and in cooperation with the shearing and friction effects, the crushing effect and uniformity are improved.

[0041] It should be noted that the principle of "can cyclically apply extrusion forces of different magnitudes and directions to different regions of the coal block, and cooperate with the shearing and friction effects to achieve a better crushing effect" is as follows: The angle of the jaw plate 1043 facing the gradual change part 105 can be reciprocally adjusted. This means that by controlling the expansion and contraction amount of the hydraulic cylinder, the relative position between the jaw plate 1043 and the gradual change part 105 can be adjusted, thereby changing the pressing angle of the jaw plate 1043 on the coal block. The adjustment of the angle enables the jaw plate 1043 to contact the coal block at different inclinations, thereby applying extrusion forces in different directions to the coal block. This multi-angle pressing method can perform comprehensive crushing on the coal block. Moreover, since the angle and position of the jaw plate 1043 can be reciprocally adjusted, extrusion forces of different magnitudes and directions can be cyclically applied to different regions of the coal block. For example, at a certain moment, the jaw plate 1043 may apply a greater extrusion force to one region of the coal block, while at the next moment, it may apply a smaller extrusion force to another region, or change the pressing direction. This cyclic pressing method helps to evenly crush the coal block, avoid local overload or stress concentration phenomena, and improve the crushing efficiency.

[0042] It should be further noted that while the jaw plate 1043 applies an extrusion force to the coal block, the coal block will also be subjected to shearing and friction effects. This is because when the jaw plate 1043 extends and retracts, relative movement will occur with the coal block, thereby generating shear forces. At the same time, when the coal block slides on the gradual change part 105, it will also be subjected to frictional forces.

[0043] It can be understood that in the above solution: the above embodiments make the coal block crushing process more efficient and uniform. The design of the gradual change part 105 and the crushing teeth 106 enhances the crushing effect of the coal block and improves the crushing efficiency. The approximate parallel arrangement of the jaw plate 1043 ensures that the coal block can be evenly stressed when being extruded, avoiding the problem of uneven crushing. The extendable and retractable design of the telescopic crushing assembly 104 enables different regions of the coal block to be cyclically applied with extrusion forces of different magnitudes and orientations, and with the cooperation of shearing and friction effects, better crushing effects and uniformity are achieved. This design not only improves the crushing efficiency of the coal block, but also improves the utilization rate and economic benefits of coal, and is applicable to various coal processing sites.

[0044] In the technical solution provided in this embodiment, please refer to Figures 7 - 8 : In a planar perspective, the gradual change part 105 is in the shape formed by the tangency of two upper and lower arcs. The center of the upper arc is within the first cylinder 101, and the center of the lower arc is outside the first cylinder 101. In the above structure, when the coal block is extruded by the jaw plate 1043, it will be subjected to a more complex and uneven pressure distribution, resulting in a greater stress difference inside the coal block, thereby promoting the formation and expansion of cracks. The inclination angle and spacing of the jaw plate 1043 dynamically adjusted based on the telescopic crushing assembly 104 can further enhance this extrusion and shearing effect. Because when the inclination angle of the jaw plate 1043 changes, the extrusion direction of the coal block will also change accordingly, and thus different directions of stress will be generated inside the coal block, thereby promoting multi-dimensional crack expansion. The spacing between the dynamically adjusted jaw plate 1043 and the inner wall of the gradual change part 105 can control the grinding degree of the coal block during the sliding process. When the spacing decreases, the grinding effect between the coal blocks increases; when the spacing increases, the coal blocks are more likely to move and rearrange in a larger space, creating conditions for subsequent extrusion and shearing effects. The dynamically cycled adjustment of the pressing plate inclination angle and spacing can enable the coal block to be subjected to a more uniform and continuous force during the crushing process, avoiding local overload or stress concentration phenomena during the crushing process of the coal block, thereby improving the crushing efficiency and uniformity.

[0045] It should be noted that in this solution, the layout feature of "the center of the upper arc is within the first cylinder 101, and the center of the lower arc is outside the first cylinder 101" is selected because when the coal block is squeezed by the jaw plate 1043 and slides along the gradual change part 105, the coal block will naturally slide downward and accelerate under the action of gravity. Since the lower arc extends outside the cylinder, the coal block will experience a gradually expanding space during the sliding process, which helps the coal block to disperse, rearrange, and be subjected to more complex mechanical effects during the sliding process. Under the above layout, the coal block will experience a gradually expanding space during the sliding process, which helps the coal block to disperse and rearrange. This dispersion and rearrangement make it easier for the coal block to form cracks and break during subsequent extrusion and shearing. When any structure contrary to this is used, when the coal block is squeezed by the jaw plate 1043 and slides along the gradual change part 105, the coal block will first experience a gradually expanding space and then gradually enter a relatively narrow space during the sliding process, which is likely to cause the coal block to be subjected to uneven mechanical effects during the sliding process and even get stuck in some cases, affecting the crushing efficiency and uniformity.

[0046] Specifically: The design principle of the tangency of the upper and lower arcs of the gradual change part 105 is based on the stress distribution characteristics of the coal block during the crushing process. The non-uniform curvature change causes greater stress differences inside the coal block when it is squeezed, thus promoting the formation and expansion of cracks. The dynamic adjustment principle of the expansion and contraction crushing component 104 is based on hydraulic transmission and mechanical principles. By controlling the inclination angle of the jaw plate 1043 and the distance from the inner wall of the gradual change part 105, the cyclic extrusion and shearing effects on different areas of the coal block can be realized, and combined with the sliding and grinding effect of the coal block on the inner wall of the gradual change part 105, the crushing effect and uniformity can be improved. When the inclination angle of the jaw plate 1043 changes, the extrusion direction of the coal block also changes accordingly, causing multi-dimensional stresses inside the coal block, thus promoting the expansion of cracks in multiple directions. At the same time, the dynamically adjusted distance between the jaw plates 1043 can control the grinding degree of the coal block during the sliding process, affecting the crushing efficiency and uniformity of the coal block.

[0047] It should be further noted that the principle of "avoiding local overload or stress concentration during the crushing of coal blocks" mentioned above lies in that the multi-directional extrusion force of the jaw plate 1043 helps to generate a complex stress distribution inside the coal block, promoting the formation and expansion of cracks. At the same time, due to the continuous change of the extrusion force direction, local overload or stress concentration is not likely to occur during the crushing of coal blocks. Due to the dynamic adjustment of the inclination angle and spacing of the jaw plate 1043, the coal block is subjected to forces from different directions and magnitudes during the crushing process. This multi-directional mechanical action makes the stress distribution inside the coal block more uniform. The force uniformity avoids local overload or stress concentration during the crushing of coal blocks, reducing the breakage and deformation of coal blocks during the crushing process.

[0048] It can be understood that in the above solution: This implementation method makes the crushing process of coal blocks more efficient and uniform. The tangent design of the upper and lower two arcs of the gradual change part 105 enhances the stress difference inside the coal block, promoting the formation and expansion of cracks. The dynamic adjustment function of the contraction-expansion crushing assembly 104 enables the coal block to be subjected to more complex and uniform forces during the crushing process. The inclination angle and spacing of the dynamically cyclically adjusted jaw plate 1043 can avoid local overload or stress concentration during the crushing of coal blocks, improving the efficiency and uniformity of crushing.

[0049] In the technical solution provided in this embodiment, please refer to Figures 8 - 9 : The hammer assembly 103 includes a first hydraulic cylinder 1031 and a hammer body 1032 connected to its piston rod. When the coal block is squeezed by the jaw plate 1043, it is mainly subjected to the extrusion forces at both ends; in order to further improve the crushing effect, the hammer assembly 103 further provides an instantaneous hitting force on the upper part of the coal block.

[0050] Or during the dynamic cyclic adjustment of the jaw plate 1043, when the distance between the jaw plate 1043 and the inner wall of the gradual change part 105 is at the maximum space, that is, when the coal block moves and rearranges in a larger space, the hammer assembly 103 further provides an instantaneous hitting force on the upper part of the coal block to help it further extend and break and rearrange.

[0051] Specifically: The working principle of the hammer assembly 103 is based on the principles of hydraulic transmission and impact mechanics. The first hydraulic cylinder 1031 converts hydraulic energy into mechanical energy through the extension of the piston rod, driving the hammer body 1032 to perform a rapid hitting action. The instantaneous hitting force is combined with the extrusion force of the jaw plate 1043, making the coal block subjected to more complex and multi-dimensional mechanical actions. This mechanical action helps to form and expand cracks inside the coal block, improving the crushing efficiency and effect. During the dynamic cyclic adjustment of the jaw plate 1043, the instantaneous hitting force of the hammer assembly 103 can cooperate with the movement and rearrangement of the coal block to further promote the crushing and homogenization of the coal block.

[0052] It should be further noted that the principle of the above-mentioned extension, rupture and rearrangement is as follows: during the dynamic cyclic adjustment of the jaw plate 1043, when the spacing is at the maximum space, sufficient moving space is provided for the coal blocks. This enables the coal blocks to move and rearrange within the crushing cavity, contributing to the redistribution of internal stress and the further expansion of cracks in the coal blocks. When the spacing of the jaw plate 1043 increases, the extrusion force on the coal blocks decreases, which helps to release the internal stress of the coal blocks. This release and redistribution of stress create favorable conditions for the subsequent crushing process. The hammer assembly 103 provides an instantaneous striking force on the upper part of the coal blocks. This striking force is sudden and concentrated. It acts on the surface of the coal blocks and can be quickly transmitted to the interior of the coal blocks, promoting the further expansion of cracks inside the coal blocks. The instantaneous striking force causes the coal blocks to further extend and rupture on the basis of the original cracks. This extension and rupture helps the coal blocks to be broken into smaller particles, improving the crushing efficiency. The striking force can also cause the coal blocks to rearrange within the crushing cavity. After rearrangement, the coal blocks are more likely to be affected by the subsequent extrusion force and shear force of the jaw plate 1043, further accelerating the crushing process.

[0053] Furthermore, the dynamic cyclic adjustment of the jaw plate 1043 and the instantaneous striking force of the hammer assembly 103 form a synergistic mechanism. When the spacing of the jaw plate 1043 increases, the coal blocks can move and rearrange within a larger space; at this time, the hammer assembly 103 provides an instantaneous striking force to help the coal blocks further extend, rupture and rearrange. On the one hand, the dynamic cyclic adjustment of the jaw plate 1043 enables the coal blocks to be fully moved and rearranged within the crushing cavity; on the other hand, the instantaneous striking force of the hammer assembly 103 accelerates the cracking process of the coal blocks. By adjusting the spacing of the jaw plate 1043 and the striking force of the hammer assembly 103, precise control of the coal block crushing process can be achieved. This helps to obtain crushed products with uniform particle size and regular shape, optimizing the crushing effect.

[0054] Preferably, the dynamic cyclic adjustment of the jaw plate 1043 is usually achieved by hydraulic drive, which can precisely control the change of the spacing of the jaw plate 1043. The instantaneous striking force of the hammer assembly 103 can be achieved by pneumatic or electric drive to ensure the suddenness and concentration of the striking force. According to the hardness of the coal blocks and the crushing requirements, the magnitude of the striking force of the hammer assembly 103 is adjusted. For coal blocks with higher hardness, the striking force can be appropriately increased to promote their cracking; for coal blocks with lower hardness, the striking force can be reduced to avoid over-crushing. By adjusting the striking frequency of the hammer assembly 103 to coordinate with the dynamic cyclic adjustment of the jaw plate 1043. A reasonable striking frequency can further improve the crushing efficiency.

[0055] It can be understood that in the above solution: the introduction of the hammer assembly 103 adds a new mechanical action mode to the coal block crushing process, improving the crushing efficiency and effect. The instantaneous striking force is combined with the extrusion force of the jaw plate 1043, making the coal block subject to more complex and multi-dimensional mechanical actions. During the dynamic cyclic adjustment of the jaw plate 1043, the instantaneous striking force of the hammer assembly 103 can cooperate with the movement and rearrangement of the coal blocks, further promoting the crushing and homogenization of the coal blocks. This cooperative effect helps to avoid local overload or stress concentration phenomena during the coal block crushing process.

[0056] In the technical solution provided in this embodiment, please refer to Figures 7 - 8 : The crushing mechanism 1 further includes a rotating module 102. The rotating module 102 includes a rotatable rotating table 1024. The rotating table 1024 is located inside the first cylinder 101 and is also disposed below the feed inlet 1011. A plurality of expansion and contraction crushing components 104 and hammer assemblies 103 are arranged in a lower annular array of the rotating table 1024. The rotating module 102 includes a first servo motor 1021 and a gear 1022 driven by the first servo motor 1021. The gear 1022 meshes with a gear ring 1023, and the gear ring 1023 is fixedly connected to the rotating table 1024. The rotating table 1024 is hollow (as shown in area B of Figure 8 ), which is used to enable the coal blocks to fall smoothly into the first cylinder 101 when falling from the feed inlet 1011. The introduction of the rotating module 102 enables the expansion and contraction crushing components 104 and the hammer assemblies 103 to rotate cyclically inside the rotating table 1024, further improving the crushing effect.

[0057] At the same time, the curved surface design of the gradual change part 105 enables the coal blocks to slide more easily along the gradual change part 105 when being extruded. The sliding action not only increases the frictional effect between the coal blocks but also generates a grinding effect based on the crushing teeth 106, helping to further refine the coal blocks. And the dynamically adjustable spacing of the above-mentioned jaw plate 1043 can control the grinding degree of the coal blocks during the sliding process. When the spacing decreases, the grinding effect between the coal blocks is enhanced; when the spacing increases, the coal blocks are more likely to move and rearrange in a larger space, creating conditions for subsequent extrusion and shearing actions.

[0058] Specifically, the introduction of the rotation module 102 enables the expansion and contraction crushing component 104 and the hammer component 103 to rotate cyclically within the rotating table 1024. This rotational movement not only increases the contact opportunities between the coal blocks and the crushing component but also subjects the coal blocks to more uniform and continuous forces during the crushing process, improving the crushing effect and uniformity. The curved surface design of the gradual change portion 105 makes it easier for the coal blocks to slide along the gradual change portion 105 when being squeezed. This sliding action not only increases the frictional effect between the coal blocks but also generates a grinding effect based on the crushing teeth 106, helping to further refine the coal blocks. The combination of this grinding action and the rotational movement makes the crushing process of the coal blocks more efficient and uniform. The dynamically adjustable spacing of the jaw plates 1043 can control the grinding degree of the coal blocks during the sliding process. When the spacing decreases, the grinding action between the coal blocks is enhanced, contributing to the further refinement of the coal blocks; when the spacing increases, the coal blocks are more likely to move and rearrange within a larger space, creating conditions for subsequent extrusion and shearing actions. This dynamic adjustment function makes the crushing process more flexible and controllable.

[0059] It can be understood that in the above solution: the introduction of the rotation module 102 adds new dynamic factors to the crushing process of the coal blocks, making the crushing effect more significant and uniform. The curved surface design of the gradual change portion 105 and the grinding action of the crushing teeth 106 further improve the refinement degree and crushing efficiency of the coal blocks. The dynamically adjustable spacing of the jaw plates 1043 makes the crushing process more flexible and controllable, meeting the requirements of different coal qualities and crushing demands.

[0060] In the technical solution provided in this embodiment, based on the layout characteristics of the expansion and contraction crushing component 104, another action can be achieved: when the coal blocks fall onto the filter plate 107, the second hydraulic cylinders 1044 of all the expansion and contraction crushing components 104 retract, driving the jaw plates 1043 to lift, leaving a space for the coal blocks to pass through and approach the gradual change portion 105; subsequently, the rotating table 1024 rotates, driving the jaw plates 1043 to rotate while the second hydraulic cylinders 1044 extend, thereby "pushing" the coal blocks to move to the gradual change portion 105. This "pushing" action not only enables the coal blocks to smoothly enter the crushing working area but also increases the relative movement between the coal blocks, contributing to the crushing process.

[0061] During crushing, based on the layout characteristics of the telescopic crushing component 104, it can be implemented in another more preferred form of action: when the distance between the jaw plate 1043 and the gradient part 105 is at the maximum distance, the rotation module 102 rotates, and then the distance between the jaw plate 1043 and the gradient part 105 gradually shortens to the minimum; furthermore, the jaw plate 1043 will present a "poking" action from the inside out and in a rotating manner, so that the coal blocks originally stacked on the filter plate 107 and close to the bottom are "poked" to the outside, and at the same time, it can prevent the coal blocks from stacking on the filter plate 107, further improving the crushing effect. Of course, it can be understood that in order to achieve the above goals, the bottom position of the jaw plate 1043 should be close to but not interfere with the filter plate 107.

[0062] That is, this "poking" action not only "pokes" the coal blocks originally stacked on the filter plate 107 and close to the bottom to the outside, but also effectively prevents the coal blocks from stacking on the filter plate 107, improving the uniformity and efficiency of crushing. By making full use of the layout characteristics of the telescopic crushing component 104, the efficient movement and crushing process of coal blocks are realized. The coordinated action of the rotation module 102 and the telescopic crushing component 104 improves the uniformity and efficiency of crushing. The "poking" action design of the jaw plate 1043 effectively prevents the coal blocks from stacking on the filter plate 107, further enhancing the crushing effect.

[0063] In the technical solution provided in this embodiment, please refer to Figures 5 - 6 : In the screening mechanism 2, a plurality of screening plates 202 are arranged from top to bottom in the second cylinder body 201, and are thus divided into different chambers; all the screening plates 202 are arranged with a gradual change according to the mesh size, the upper screening plates 202 have the least number of meshes, and the lower screening plates 202 have the most number of meshes; an inclined discharge port 203 is communicated and opened in each chamber; A spring group 206 is arranged at the bottom of the second cylinder body 201, the spring group 206 is connected to the base 205, the base 205 is arranged on the ground, and a vibrator 204 is provided at the bottom of the second cylinder body 201.

[0064] After the crushed coal blocks enter the second cylinder body 201, the vibrator 204 is turned on to make the second cylinder body 201 start vibrating and screening. Coal mines of different sizes are filtered by multiple chambers; finally, the door bodies of the inclined discharge ports 203 are opened in each chamber to output coals of different specifications.

[0065] In the coal block crushing device disclosed in this embodiment, a controller is further included. The controller is used to connect and control all electrical components of the entire device to be driven according to a preset program as preset values and drive modes. It should be noted that the above drive mode corresponds to the start-stop time intervals, rotational speeds, powers, and other output parameters corresponding to the relevant electrical components in the above text, that is, it meets the requirements for the relevant electrical components to drive the relevant mechanical devices to operate according to the described functions. All the electrical components and the mechanisms composed of them as described above can implement the control of the corresponding start-stop time intervals, rotational speeds, powers, and other output parameters through the execution of the conventional PID controller algorithm (Proportion Integral Differential) by the controller, that is, to implement a predetermined or preset action operation mode according to a certain function or motion trajectory.

[0066] Preferably, the controller is a PLC controller, and the above control requirements are completed through conventional PLC control modes such as ladder diagrams, sequential function charts, function block diagrams, instruction lists, or structured texts. It should be noted that the start-stop time intervals, rotational speeds, powers, and other output parameters of the electrical components or other power components driven by its programming are not limited; specifically, the relevant drive control is adjusted according to actual usage requirements.

[0067] In this embodiment, all hydraulic components rely on an external hydraulic oil tank to cooperate with its oil pump for energy supply; specifically, the hydraulic components of the entire device are conventionally pneumatically connected to the oil pump outlet of the hydraulic oil tank through devices such as solenoid valves, directional control valves, and pipes. The synchronous drive of the above hydraulic components is controlled by the controller.

[0068] In this embodiment, all electrical components are powered by the mains.

[0069] All the above embodiments only express the implementation manners of the relevant practical applications of the present invention. The descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, but they should not be construed as limitations on the scope of the invention patent. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the concept of the present invention, several modifications and improvements can still be made, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention patent shall be subject to the appended claims.

Claims

1. Coal block crushing device, characterized in that, Comprising: A crushing mechanism (1) for crushing coal blocks. The crushing mechanism (1) forms a first crushing group by annularly arranging a plurality of expansion and contraction crushing components (104) based on a plurality of expandable and retractable jaw plates (1043), and squeezes and crushes the coal blocks; the crushing mechanism (1) also forms a second crushing group by annularly arranging a plurality of hammering components (103) based on a plurality of extendable or retractable hammers (1032), and squeezes and crushes the coal blocks. A screening mechanism (2) that communicates with the crushing mechanism (1) and vibrates and screens the coal blocks crushed by the crushing mechanism (1) according to size.

2. The crushing device according to claim 1, wherein: The crushing mechanism (1) includes a first cylinder body (101) with a feeding port (1011) and a material guiding port (1012) respectively opened at the top and the bottom. The screening mechanism (2) includes a second cylinder body (201). The first cylinder body (101) is communicated and disposed above the second cylinder body (201). Both the expansion and contraction crushing components (104) and the hammering components (103) are located inside the first cylinder body (101).

3. The crushing device according to claim 2, wherein: A single expansion and contraction crushing component (104) includes a first plate body (1041) and a second plate body (1042) hinged to one end thereof. The second plate body (1042) is hinged with the jaw plate (1043). A second hydraulic cylinder (1044) is disposed outside the first plate body (1041). The piston rod of the second hydraulic cylinder (1044) is connected with a slider (1045). The slider (1045) is hinged with a first hinge arm (1046). The first hinge arm (1046) is hinged to a second hinge arm (1047). The second hinge arm (1047) is hinged to the jaw plate (1043).

4. The crushing device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The inner wall of the first cylinder body (101) is provided with a gradually decreasing portion (105) that gradually decreases from top to bottom. The surface of the gradually decreasing portion (105) is evenly provided with crushing teeth (106). In the expansion and contraction crushing component (104), the jaw plate (1043) is arranged parallel to the gradually decreasing portion (105).

5. The crushing device according to claim 4, characterized in that: In a planar view, the gradually decreasing portion (105) is in a shape formed by the tangency of two upper and lower arcs. The center of the upper arc is inside the first cylinder body (101), and the center of the lower arc is outside the first cylinder body (101).

6. The crushing device according to claim 3, wherein: The hammering component (103) includes a first hydraulic cylinder (1031) and the hammer (1032) connected to its piston rod.

7. The crushing device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The crushing mechanism (1) further includes a rotating module (102). The rotating module (102) includes a rotatable rotating table (1024). A plurality of the expansion and contraction crushing components (104) and the hammering components (103) are annularly arranged below the rotating table (1024).

8. The crushing device according to any one of claims 3 to 7, characterized in that: In the screening mechanism (2), a plurality of screening plates (202) are arranged from top to bottom inside the second cylinder body (201), and different chambers are further divided; all the screening plates (202) are arranged with a gradual change according to the mesh number. The screening plate (202) in the upper part has the least mesh number, and the screening plate (202) in the lower part has the most mesh number. Each of the chambers is communicatively provided with an inclined discharge port (203); A spring group (206) is arranged at the bottom of the second cylinder body (201), the spring group (206) is connected to the base (205), and a vibrator (204) is provided at the bottom of the second cylinder body (201).

9. The crushing device according to any one of claims 3 to 7, characterized in that: In the crushing mechanism (1), an intermittent mechanism (3) for batchwise introducing coal blocks into the first cylinder body (101) is communicatively connected to the upper end of the feed inlet (1011) of the first cylinder body (101).

10. The crushing device according to claim 9, characterized in that: It further includes a feeding conveyor (4), and the feeding conveyor (4) pours the transported coal blocks into the intermittent mechanism (3).

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