Underwater leveling equipment based on spiral scraper and leveling method

Abstract

The invention provides underwater leveling equipment based on a spiral scraper and a leveling method.The underwater leveling equipment comprises an overwater supporting ship and an underwater leveling frame, a stone conveying belt is arranged on the overwater supporting ship, a discharging hopper is arranged at the end, close to the edge, of the stone conveying belt, the underwater leveling frame comprises a foundation frame, and a movable moving frame is arranged on the foundation frame in the length direction; a rotatable scraper helix is arranged at the lower end of the moving frame to level broken stones in the foundation frame, stone side baffles are arranged on the two sides of the scraper helix and form a clamping groove space, a passing gap is formed between each stone side baffle and the scraper helix, a collecting hopper is further arranged above the clamping groove space on the foundation frame, and one end, close to the scraper helix, of the collecting hopper is connected with the scraper helix. And the collecting hopper is communicated with the discharging hopper through a broken stone conveying pipe, so that the problems of low efficiency and waste of stones in a separated leveling process are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of underwater bed leveling, and in particular to an underwater leveling equipment and a leveling method based on a spiral scraper. Background Art

[0002] The underwater bed gravel paving and leveling is a very important link in the construction of breakwaters, bridges and underwater tunnels. In order to make the elevation of the bed top meet the design requirements and facilitate the stable installation of the upper precast components (such as large caisson foundations and immersed tube segments), the bed top surface needs to be leveled according to the design requirements, and the leveling accuracy of the bed directly affects the final installation accuracy of the precast components.

[0003] Classified according to the type of leveling equipment, the underwater leveling methods include manual leveling, long-arm excavator leveling, and leveling by professional leveling ships or self-elevating platforms. Manual leveling is generally to lay steel rails underwater, and then the divers use scrapers or manual handling methods to level the bed after positioning through the steel rails; long-arm excavator leveling is to install an excavator bucket on the ship and scrape the underwater gravel through the bucket; professional leveling ships or self-elevating platforms generally suspend a leveling frame under a ship or platform with a moonpool. A special distribution pipe is installed on the frame, and a scraper is installed in front of the distribution pipe. The scraper can scrape away the gravel higher than the target elevation. For the gravel lower than the target elevation, it is filled by feeding through the distribution pipe.

[0004] However, the traditional scraper-type leveling equipment is greatly affected by the underwater environment. When the flow velocity > 2 m / s or the wave height > 1.5 m, the leveling accuracy drops suddenly to more than ±15 cm (far exceeding the ±5 cm limit specified by ISO 21650).

[0005] Generally speaking, manual leveling is only applicable to waters with relatively shallow water depths. At the same time, its leveling completely depends on manual labor, and its efficiency is lower than the latter two, but it has an advantage in cost. Similarly, as the water depth increases, the required length of the excavator arm for long-arm excavator leveling is gradually limited. This leveling method is also only applicable to shallow waters, and due to the relevant controls being on the ship, its leveling accuracy is low and it is generally used in the rough leveling stage. Special self-elevating platforms or leveling ships further adapt to the operating conditions of deep waters. Currently, they can generally level underwater beds within 50 m water depth. At the same time, they also have the advantages of high accuracy and high efficiency, but their usage cost is much higher than the former two.

[0006] The current riprap and leveling construction is mostly done by first placing stones by a riprap ship, and then leveling them with a leveling frame. The leveling process is separated, which reduces the construction efficiency and easily leads to an extension of the construction period. In some projects, the time spent on equipment switching and positioning calibration accounts for more than 40% of the total leveling construction period. In addition, the grading control of the riprap process is extensive, and the loss rate of fine particles is generally >25%, which not only aggravates marine suspended matter pollution (the turbidity peak in the construction area reached 500NTU in the Bohai Bay monitoring data in 2024), but also leads to stone waste (the industry's annual average loss exceeds 2 million cubic meters). Summary of the invention

[0007] The invention provides underwater leveling equipment and a leveling method based on a spiral scraper, which solve the problems of low efficiency and waste of stone materials in a separate leveling process.

[0008] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: an underwater leveling equipment and leveling method based on a spiral scraper, including an underwater support vessel and an underwater leveling frame, the water support vessel is provided with a stone conveyor belt, the end of the stone conveyor belt close to the edge is provided with a discharge hopper, the underwater leveling frame includes a base frame, the base frame is provided with a movable mobile frame along the length direction, a rotatable scraper spiral is provided at the lower end of the mobile frame to level the gravel in the base frame, stone side baffles are provided on both sides of the scraper spiral, the two stone side baffles form a clamping groove space, a passing gap is provided between each stone side baffle and the scraper spiral, and a collecting hopper is also provided above the clamping groove space on the base frame, the collecting hopper is close to one end of the scraper spiral, and the collecting hopper is connected with the discharge hopper through a gravel conveying pipe.

[0009] In the preferred solution, a plurality of plug plates are provided at the lower end of the base frame, and the upper end of the stone side baffle plate is slidably plugged with the plug plates. The plug plates and the stone side baffle plate are provided with a plurality of shift holes in the vertical direction, and a plurality of shift bolts are also provided. The shift holes of the plug plates and the stone side baffle plate are aligned, and each shift bolt is inserted into the aligned shift holes.

[0010] In the preferred scheme, a lining plate is provided at the lower end of the stone side baffle plate close to the scraper spiral, the upper end of the lining plate is hinged to the stone side baffle plate, a cavity portion is provided at the lower end of the stone side baffle plate, a second connecting rod and a first connecting rod hinged in sequence are provided at the lower end of the cavity portion, the first connecting rod is hinged to the lower end of the lining plate, a tension spring connected to the inner wall of the cavity portion of the stone side baffle plate is provided on the first connecting rod, a rotatable rotating rod is also provided in the cavity portion of the stone side baffle plate, a threaded top sleeve is provided at one end of the rotating rod close to the lining plate, and one end of the top sleeve is used to abut against the lining plate.

[0011] In the preferred solution, at least three stone side baffles are provided at the lower end of the base frame to form at least two cavity spaces, there are at least two scraper spirals, each scraper spiral is arranged in each cavity space, a collecting hopper is provided above each cavity space, there are at least two crushed stone conveying pipes, and each collecting hopper is connected to each crushed stone conveying pipe.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment, widening frames are provided at both ends of the moving frame. Rotatable first traveling wheels are provided at the lower sides of both ends of the widening frames. The first traveling wheels abut against the upper end surface of the foundation frame and roll thereon. A chain linear guiding structure is provided on the side surface of the foundation frame. A rotatable sprocket is further provided on the moving frame, and the sprocket meshes with the chain linear guiding structure.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment, a transverse inclinometer and a longitudinal inclinometer are provided on the underwater leveling frame. The foundation frame is of a rectangular structure. Hydraulic legs that can be telescopically extended and retracted are provided at at least the four corners of the foundation frame. Universal floor feet are provided at the lower ends of the hydraulic legs. The foundation frame is connected to a vertically erected truss measuring tower, and an RTK altimeter is provided at the top of the truss measuring tower; In a preferred embodiment, a height-adjustable seat is provided at the upper end of the temporary pile. A clamping seat is provided at the upper end of the height-adjustable seat. The base rail frame is slidably connected to the clamping seat.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment, a U-shaped groove is provided at the upper end of the height-adjustable seat. First ejector rods connected by threads are provided on both side walls of the U-shaped groove. One end of each first ejector rod abuts against the side wall of the clamping seat. A C-shaped clamping groove space is provided inside the clamping seat. The lower end of the base rail frame is arranged inside the clamping groove space. Second ejector rods connected by threads are provided on both side walls of the clamping groove space, and the end portions of the second ejector rods abut against the lower side wall of the base rail frame.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment, a liftable lifting platform is provided at the upper end of the moving beam. A rotatable guide wheel is provided on the lifting platform, and the guide wheel abuts against the towing cable.

[0016] Including an underwater construction method, The waterborne support ship is positioned, and the underwater leveling frame is lowered and positioned and leveled; The crushed stones are transported from the waterborne support ship through the crushed stone conveying pipe to the aggregate hoppers at the front in the moving direction of the foundation frame to convey coarse stones and to the aggregate hoppers at the rear to convey fine stones. The underwater leveling frame is started, and the scraper screw rotates to start the leveling operation; After the regional leveling is completed, the leveling quality of the crushed stone bed is detected by the acoustic measurement equipment on the waterborne support ship, and the sunken areas lower than the target elevation are filled with additional materials; The underwater leveling frame is moved to the next construction area to start the next round of leveling construction.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The spiral scraper leveling frame is designed for independent operation and does not require a hard connection with the supporting ship. It has a simple structure, greatly reducing the leveling cost. Compared with manual operation, it can accurately self-position and level, efficiently spread and scrape, greatly improving the leveling efficiency and accuracy. By using side baffles with adjustable height and liners with adjustable angles, it restricts the distribution position and falling flow of the stone materials, reduces stone material waste, and improves the leveling effect. In terms of construction technology, temporary piles and movable base rail frames are used to achieve rapid construction in small strip-shaped areas and large areas without the participation of waterborne ships. Through parallel double towing cables and airbags, the leveling frame can be towed to move and the swinging amount of the suspended leveling frame is restricted, improving the efficiency of construction position migration and increasing the accuracy of construction position repositioning. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings and embodiments.

[0019] Figure 1 It is a top view of the waterborne support ship and the underwater leveling frame.

[0020] Figure 2 It is a layout diagram of the temporary piles of the foundation bed.

[0021] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the support ship and the leveling frame.

[0022] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the lowering of the leveling frame.

[0023] Figure 5 It is a structural diagram at the clamping groove space.

[0024] Figure 6 It is a cross-sectional view at the cavity part of the side baffle.

[0025] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram below the leveling frame of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 8 It is a working schematic diagram of the leveling frame of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 9 It is a schematic diagram of the large-area movement of the leveling frame of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 10 It is a schematic diagram of the leveling frame constructing according to the depth situation.

[0029] Figure 11 It is a front view of the leveling frame.

[0030] Figure 12 It is a schematic diagram of the leveling frame landing.

[0031] Figure 13 It is a schematic diagram of the leveling frame being lifted.

[0032] Figure 14 It is an enlarged view of the traveling structure of the moving frame.

[0033] Figure 15 It is a top view of the leveling frame.

[0034] Figure 16 It is an enlarged view of the driving structure of the moving frame.

[0035] Figure 17 It is a structural diagram of the temporary pile location.

[0036] Figure 18 It is a diagram of the jacking and moving mechanism at the temporary pile location.

[0037] Figure 19 It is a schematic diagram of the height adjustment and lateral adjustment structure at the temporary pile location.

[0038] In the figure: water support ship 1; lifting frame 2; lifting hook 201; lifting rope 202; winch 203; underwater leveling frame 3; lateral inclinometer 301; longitudinal inclinometer 302; truss measuring tower 303; RTK altimeter 304; foundation frame 4; hydraulic support leg 401; universal floor anchor 402; expandable airbag 403; air pipe 404; plugboard 405; gear position hole 406; gear position bolt 407; moving frame 5; first traveling wheel 501; sprocket 502; chain linear guiding structure 503; limit wheel 504; first traveling motor 505; widening frame 506; scraper screw 6; rotating shaft 601; stone side baffle 602; passing gap 603; scraper driving motor 604; speed reduction and torque increase mechanism 605; lining plate 606; first connecting rod 607; second connecting rod 608; tension spring 609; rotating rod 610; top sleeve 611; limit seat 612; anti-rotation guide rod 613; temporary pile 7; height adjustment seat 701; clamping seat 702; screw rod 703; U-shaped groove 704; first push rod 705; card slot space 706; second push rod 707; base rail frame 8; traveling track 801; rack 802; second traveling motor 803; gear 804; moving beam 9; traction winch 901; traction cable 902; guide wheel 903; jacking cylinder 904; second traveling wheel 905; lifting platform 906; crushed stone conveying pipe 10; aggregate hopper 1001; stone conveyor belt 11; feeding hopper 1101; discharging hopper 1102; stone storage box 12. Detailed implementation manners

[0039] Example 1: As Figure 1-19Among them, an underwater leveling equipment and leveling method based on a spiral scraper, including a waterborne support ship 1 and an underwater leveling frame 3. A stone conveyor belt 11 is provided on the waterborne support ship 1. One end of the stone conveyor belt 11 near the edge is provided with a discharge hopper 1102. The underwater leveling frame 3 includes a foundation frame 4. A movable frame 5 is provided on the foundation frame 4 along the length direction. A rotatable scraper spiral 6 is provided at the lower end of the movable frame 5 to level the crushed stones in the foundation frame 4. Stone side baffles 602 are provided on both sides of the scraper spiral 6. The two stone side baffles 602 form a clamping groove space. A passing gap 603 is provided between each stone side baffle 602 and the scraper spiral 6. An aggregate hopper 1001 is further provided above the clamping groove space on the foundation frame 4. One end of the aggregate hopper 1001 near the scraper spiral 6. The aggregate hopper 1001 is communicated with the discharge hopper 1102 through a crushed stone conveying pipe 10.

[0040] The stone side baffle 602 can be welded to the lower end of the foundation frame 4 to form an approximate U-shaped or H-shaped structure.

[0041] On the waterborne support ship 1, a stone storage box 12 is further provided at the other end of the stone conveyor belt 11. An inlet hopper 1101 is provided at one end of the stone conveyor belt 11 near the stone storage box 12. The stones in the stone storage box 12 are transferred to the inlet hopper 1101. The stones fall onto the stone conveyor belt 11. The stone conveyor belt 11 transports the stones to the discharge hopper 1102 and drops them. They are transported to the aggregate hopper 1001 through the crushed stone conveying pipe 10. The aggregate hopper 1001 is connected to the foundation frame 4. The lower port of the aggregate hopper 1001 faces the clamping groove space formed by the two stone side baffles 602 and is located at one end of the scraper spiral 6. The scraper spiral 6 is provided with a unidirectional spiral blade to agitate the stones to the other end. Since there is a certain set gap between the scraper spiral 6 and the lower port of the clamping groove space and the underwater bed, the gap height is the paving thickness. The process of the scraper spiral 6 transporting the stones to one side is also the process of lateral paving.

[0042] The scraper spiral 6 includes a rotating shaft 601. One end of the rotating shaft 601 is provided with a scraper driving motor 604 fixed to the lower end of the movable frame 5. A speed reduction and torque increase mechanism 605 is provided at the shaft end of the scraper driving motor 604 and is connected to the shaft end of the rotating shaft 601.

[0043] In a preferred solution, a plurality of insertion plates 405 are provided at the lower end of the foundation frame 4. The upper end of the stone side baffle 602 is slidably inserted into the insertion plates 405. A plurality of blocking holes 406 are provided in the insertion plates 405 and the stone side baffles 602 in the vertical direction. A plurality of blocking bolts 407 are also provided. The blocking holes 406 of the insertion plates 405 and the stone side baffles 602 are aligned, and each blocking bolt 407 passes through the aligned blocking holes 406 and is inserted.

[0044] One end of the gear bolt 407 is provided with a cap nut, and the other end is locked by a nut. By adjusting the aligned hole positions, the height of the lower end of the stone side baffle 602 can be adjusted, relative to changing the distance of the lower end of the scraper screw 6, so as to achieve the best stone paving effect.

[0045] In a preferred solution, a lining plate 606 is provided at the lower end of the side close to the scraper screw 6 of the stone side baffle 602. The upper end of the lining plate 606 is hinged to the stone side baffle 602. A cavity part is provided at the lower end of the stone side baffle 602. A second connecting rod 608 and a first connecting rod 607 are sequentially hinged at the lower end of the cavity part. The first connecting rod 607 is hinged to the lower end of the lining plate 606. A tension spring 609 connected to the inner wall of the cavity part of the stone side baffle 602 is provided on the first connecting rod 607. A rotatable rotating rod 610 is also provided in the cavity part of the stone side baffle 602. A top sleeve 611 connected by threads is provided at one end of the rotating rod 610 close to the lining plate 606, and one end of the top sleeve 611 is used to abut against the lining plate 606.

[0046] The cavity part of the stone side baffle 602 can accommodate the above-mentioned turning mechanisms of each lining plate 606. The joint between the lining plate 606 and the cavity part is connected by wear-resistant corrugated cloth to prevent the stones on the outer wall from entering.

[0047] One end of the rotating rod 610 passes through the side wall of the cavity part of the stone side baffle 602, which is convenient for adjusting its rotation from the outside. A large-diameter part is provided in the middle of the rotating rod 610, and a counterbore-limited seat 612 is used to buckle and limit it to prevent the axial movement of the rotating rod 610. An anti-rotation guide rod 613 is provided on the limited seat 612, and the anti-rotation guide rod 613 is slidably inserted into the top sleeve 611, playing the role of anti-rotation and guiding.

[0048] Rotating the rotating rod 610 forward makes the top sleeve 611 push outwards, and the lining plate 606 swings and approaches the scraper screw 6. Reversing the rotating rod 610, the top sleeve 611 retracts, and the lining plate 606 retracts under the pulling force of the tension spring 609 and closes the cavity part of the stone side baffle 602.

[0049] By adjusting the angle of the lining plate 606, the size of the passing gap 603 can be changed, and the number of stones falling per unit time can be controlled.

[0050] The stones fall from the aggregate hopper 1001 into the clamping groove space. Due to the obstruction of the scraper screw 6, most of them will gather above the scraper screw 6, and the lower part will directly fall onto the base bed; as the scraper screw 6 rotates, a part of the gathered stones will fall from the spiral groove and the passing gap 603 onto the base bed, and another part of the gathered stones will move a certain distance towards the other end of the scraper screw 6 and then fall onto the base bed from the gap. That is to say, the rotation of the scraper screw 6 plays the role of equalizing the material in the clamping groove space and the surface of the base bed. If the passing gap 603 is too wide, the stone material will accumulate in large quantities on the base bed at one end of the scraper screw 6, and the foundation frame 4 needs to stay here for more time to push the stones at one end of the scraper screw 6 evenly to the other end.

[0051] When the width of the gap 603 is reasonable, the stones accumulated above the scraper screw 6 have been transported a certain distance towards the other end in the clamping groove space, making the stone material more evenly dispersed.

[0052] In a preferred solution, at least three stone side baffles 602 are provided at the lower end of the base frame 4 to form at least two clamping cavity spaces. There are at least two scraper screws 6, and each scraper screw 6 is arranged in each clamping cavity space. An aggregate hopper 1001 is provided above each clamping cavity space, and there are at least two crushed stone conveying pipes 10, and each aggregate hopper 1001 is communicated with each crushed stone conveying pipe 10.

[0053] The two scraper screws 6 are uniformly driven by a transmission mechanism.

[0054] Correspondingly, two sets of stone conveying belts 11 and hoppers are arranged on the water support ship 1. Before the stones are loaded onto the ship, they are screened into coarse stones and fine stones through a sieve and are respectively loaded into two stone stacking boxes 12. According to the moving direction of the base frame 4, the coarse stones are conveyed into the front-end aggregate hopper 1001, and the fine stones are conveyed into the rear-end aggregate hopper 1001. When the base frame 4 moves, a layer of coarse stones is first laid on the foundation bed, and the fine stones at the rear end follow and are laid on the upper layer of the coarse stones to fill the gaps, making the laying surface smoother.

[0055] It further includes a suspension frame 2 arranged on the water support ship 1. A hook 201 that can move up and down is arranged on the suspension frame 2, and a suspension rope 202 is arranged on the hook 201. The lower end of the suspension rope 202 is connected to the underwater leveling frame 3.

[0056] The suspension frame 2 is a frame body in a structure similar to a parallelogram, and one corner extends outside the edge of the water support ship 1.

[0057] A winch 203 is arranged on the water support ship 1, and a pulley mechanism is arranged on the suspension frame 2. The traction rope of the winch 203 is connected to the hook 201 through the pulley mechanism on the suspension frame 2, and the hook 201 moves down until the underwater leveling frame 3 is placed on the bottom of the water.

[0058] A secondary hook is also arranged beside the hook 201 of the suspension frame 2, which can be used to assist in hoisting the crushed stone conveying pipe 10.

[0059] In a preferred solution, widening frames 506 are arranged at both ends of the moving frame 5. Rotatable first traveling wheels 501 are respectively arranged at the lower sides of both ends of the widening frames 506, and the first traveling wheels 501 abut against the upper end surface of the base frame 4 and roll. A chain linear guiding structure 503 is arranged on the side surface of the base frame 4, and a rotatable sprocket 502 is also arranged on the moving frame 5, and the sprocket 502 meshes with the chain linear guiding structure 503.

[0060] A first traveling motor 505 is arranged on the moving frame 5, and the shaft end of the first traveling motor 505 is connected to the sprocket 502.

[0061] A convex structure is provided along the length direction on the inner side of the base frame 4. A limiting wheel 504 is provided at the lower end of the moving frame 5, and the limiting wheel 504 abuts against the lower end of the convex structure of the base frame 4 and rolls to prevent the moving frame 5 from slipping out upwards.

[0062] In a preferred solution, a transverse inclinometer 301 and a longitudinal inclinometer 302 are provided on the underwater leveling frame 3. The base frame 4 is of a rectangular structure. Hydraulic legs 401 that can be telescopically extended up and down are provided at at least the four corners of the base frame 4. A universal floor anchor 402 is provided at the lower end of the hydraulic leg 401. The base frame 4 is connected to a truss measuring tower 303 that stands upright upwards. An RTK altimeter 304 is provided at the top of the truss measuring tower 303; A plurality of temporary piles 7 arranged on the bottom of the water are further provided. The plurality of temporary piles 7 are at least in two rows. A base rail frame 8 is provided on each row. A moving beam 9 that can move along the length direction of the base rail frame 8 is provided on each base rail frame 8. Traction winches 901 are provided at both ends of each moving beam 9. The traction cables 902 of each traction winch 901 extend towards the side close to the underwater leveling frame 3 and are connected to the four corners of the base frame 4. The extending direction of the traction cable 902 is perpendicular to the length direction of the base rail frame 8. A plurality of expandable air bags 403 are connected to the outside of the base frame 4.

[0063] A flexible crushed stone conveying pipe 10 is provided on the water support ship 1. The lower end of the crushed stone conveying pipe 10 is connected to the underwater leveling frame 3 to convey crushed stone into the base frame 4.

[0064] The base frame 4 and a square box-shaped welding frame. Hydraulic legs 401 are installed at the four corners of the frame structure. The cylinder body of the hydraulic leg 401 is embedded in the base frame 4. The telescopic cylinder rod faces downwards. The end of the telescopic cylinder rod is of a spherical hinge structure and is hinged to the universal floor anchor 402, so that the universal floor anchor 402 can swing in a small range in all directions.

[0065] Under the monitoring of the RTK altimeter 304, the transverse inclinometer 301 can be guided to extend to a set length so that the base frame 4 reaches a predetermined height. The transverse inclinometer 301 and the longitudinal inclinometer 302 cooperate to guide the relative difference in the extending lengths of the four hydraulic legs 401 and adjust the inclination angle of the base frame 4 to keep it horizontal.

[0066] A rotatable second traveling wheel 905 is provided at the lower end of the moving beam 9. A traveling track 801 is provided on the base rail frame 8. The second traveling wheel 905 abuts against the traveling track 801 and rolls. A second traveling motor 803 is provided on one side of the moving beam 9. A gear 804 is provided at the shaft end of the second traveling motor 803. A rack 802 is provided at the side end of the base rail frame 8. The gear 804 meshes with the rack 802.

[0067] The base rail frames 8 on two adjacent rows of temporary piles 7 are parallel. The moving beams 9 thereon are respectively on both sides of the underwater leveling frame 3. A total of four traction winches 901 pull the underwater leveling frame 3.

[0068] The inflatable airbag 403 is fixed to the outer wall of the base frame 4 through a connecting member, and each inflatable airbag 403 is connected in series through a pipeline.

[0069] After the underwater leveling frame 3 finishes construction in one area and needs to move to the next position, at this time, the inflation system on the water support ship 1 inflates the inflatable airbag 403 through the air pipe 404, so that the volume of the inflatable airbag 403 increases, the buoyancy increases, and it resists the self-weight of the underwater leveling frame 3. The pulling rope point can be set higher than the underwater leveling frame 3. When the four traction cables 902 are tightened, the underwater leveling frame 3 can be pulled up so that the underwater leveling frame 3 is separated from the bottom of the water. The traction winches 901 on the two moving beams 9, one set of traction is wound up, and the other set is unwound to drive the underwater leveling frame 3 to the next position following.

[0070] When moving in the opposite direction, the traction group and the winding group are swapped.

[0071] After construction of one strip area is completed, the two adjacent moving beams 9 can move synchronously in one direction along the base rail frame 8 to pull the underwater leveling frame 3 to the next adjacent strip area for construction.

[0072] In a preferred solution, the upper end of the temporary pile 7 is provided with a height-adjustable height-adjusting seat 701, the upper end of the height-adjusting seat 701 is provided with a clamping seat 702, and the base rail frame 8 is slidably connected to the clamping seat 702.

[0073] The lower end of the height-adjusting seat 701 is provided with a plurality of screw rods 703. The lower ends of the screw rods 703 are threadedly connected to the upper flange of the temporary pile 7. The upper ends of the screw rods 703 pass through the through holes at the lower end of the height-adjusting seat 701. The upper ends of the screw rods 703 are sleeved with a plurality of threadedly connected height-adjusting nuts to adjust and lock the height of the height-adjusting seat 701.

[0074] The height-adjusting seat 701 and the clamping seat 702 can be pre-installed on each temporary pile 7. After construction of a large area is completed, the base rail frame 8 can be slid to the next position and clamped in the clamping seat 702 at the next position to achieve rapid transfer of the construction position of the large area.

[0075] In a preferred solution, the upper end of the height-adjusting seat 701 is provided with a U-shaped groove 704. Each of the two side walls of the U-shaped groove 704 is provided with a first ejector rod 705 connected by threads. One end of the first ejector rod 705 abuts against the side wall of the clamping seat 702. The clamping seat 702 is provided with a C-shaped clamping groove space 706. The lower end of the base rail frame 8 is arranged in the clamping groove space 706. The two side walls of the clamping groove space 706 are provided with second ejector rods 707 connected by threads. The ends of the second ejector rods 707 abut against the side walls at the lower end of the base rail frame 8.

[0076] By rotating the two first ejector rods 705 in cooperation, the lateral position of the clamping seat 702 can be adjusted to align with the base rail frame 8.

[0077] After a large area is constructed, the second push rod 707 can be loosened, and the base rail frame 8 can slide into the next clamping seat 702, and then the second push rod 707 of the clamping seat 702 clamps and fixes the base rail frame 8.

[0078] In a preferred solution, a lift table 906 that can be lifted is provided at the upper end of the moving beam 9, and a rotatable guide wheel 903 is provided on the lift table 906, and the guide wheel 903 abuts against the towing cable 902.

[0079] A jacking cylinder 904 is installed on the moving beam 9, and the rod end of the jacking cylinder 904 jacks up the lift table 906. To prevent the rod from being subjected to excessive lateral force, the lift table 906 is also provided with guide rods that are slidably connected to the moving beam 9.

[0080] The leveling solution is as follows: Temporary piles 7 are driven into the underwater area to be constructed in advance, arranged in a determinant pattern; The waterborne support ship 1 is in place; Height adjustment seats 701 and clamping seats 702 are installed on each temporary pile 7, and two base rail frames 8 are installed; Adjust the levelness of a single base rail frame 8 and the parallelism of the two base rail frames 8; A moving beam 9 and a towing winch 901 are installed on the base rail frame 8; Through the acoustic measurement equipment on the waterborne support ship 1, the original height of the underwater bed is detected; The underwater leveling frame 3 is lowered, and the towing cable 902 is connected to the foundation frame 4; The underwater leveling frame 3 is leveled; The crushed stones are transported from the waterborne support ship 1 to the bed surface to be leveled through the crushed stone conveying pipe 10. Coarse stones are transported to the front aggregate hopper 1001 in the moving direction of the foundation frame 4, and fine stones are transported to the rear aggregate hopper 1001. The underwater leveling frame 3 is started, and the scraper screw 6 rotates to start the leveling operation; Such as Figure 10 ... The towing cable 902 and the two moving beams 9 cooperate to drive the underwater leveling frame 3 to reach the lowest position area of the bed, and then the second lowest area is constructed, and so on until the large area is constructed; After the large area is leveled, the acoustic measurement equipment on the waterborne support ship 1 is used to detect the leveling quality of the crushed stone bed, and the sunken areas lower than the target elevation are filled with supplementary materials; The base rail frame 8 is slid to the clamping seat 702 of the next large area, and the underwater leveling frame 3 is moved to the next large area to start the next round of leveling construction.

[0081] Embodiment 2: An underwater leveling equipment based on a spiral scraper includes: Water support vessel, lifting frame, lifting rope, underwater leveling frame, pumping station, winch, single - direction spiral, U - shaped scraper, truss - type measuring tower, main hook of the lifting frame, auxiliary hook of the lifting frame, feeding hopper, aggregate hopper, hydraulic oil pipes, cables, etc., material conveying pipe, conveyor belt, discharging hopper, stone storage area, truss walking trolley, four - corner hydraulic legs of the leveling frame, longitudinal inclinometer, transverse inclinometer, leveled area, current leveling construction area, area to be leveled.

[0082] The prototype of the water support vessel is a barge of appropriate specifications, on which there are arranged the stone storage and dropping areas, the lifting frame for the underwater leveling frame, various power stations and pipelines, providing a carrier for gravel dropping, power transmission, and the operation of the leveling frame.

[0083] The lifting frame is a lifting device arranged on the side of the supporting barge, responsible for the lifting, lowering and other movements of the leveling frame and various pipelines, and its width is slightly wider than that of the leveling frame.

[0084] The lifting rope is responsible for connecting the leveling frame with the crane and the support vessel, and bearing the acting forces of the leveling frame and hydraulic oil pipes, etc. during lifting and lowering.

[0085] The underwater leveling frame is the core content of this patent, responsible for underwater leveling work. It is a rectangular frame structure as a whole. Measuring towers are arranged at two corners of the frame. Among them, a single - direction spiral and a U - shaped scraper trolley are arranged in the transverse frame. Tracks and moving trolleys are arranged along the longitudinal direction of the frame, and connections and limits between transverse and longitudinal equipment and the truss are also arranged.

[0086] The hydraulic pumping station is the power source of the hydraulic system, converting mechanical energy into the pressure energy of hydraulic oil, and controlling the hydraulic cylinders, spiral and scraper trolley hydraulic drive motors to complete the target movement by adjusting the direction, pressure and flow rate of the hydraulic oil.

[0087] The winch is the part of the crane that winds the lifting rope, and controls the lifting and lowering of the leveling frame by winding in and out the steel wire rope.

[0088] The single - direction spiral is responsible for the main function during leveling. It rotates from the end close to the vessel to the direction away from the vessel, transporting the gravel and completing the preliminary paving in the U - shaped scraper.

[0089] The U - shaped scraper is arranged on both sides of the single - direction spiral and is symmetrically arranged together with the spiral. The lower edge of the scraper is flush with the lower edge of the spiral.

[0090] Two truss - type measuring towers are respectively arranged at two vertices of the rectangular frame of the leveling frame far from the supporting vessel. RTK positioning instruments are arranged on the top of the towers, used to measure and calculate the plane position and elevation of the underwater leveling frame. When the leveling frame is underwater in the operation water area, the top of the measuring tower is exposed above the water surface and is connected to the base station in real - time wirelessly to measure and control the elevation of the leveling frame.

[0091] The main hook of the lifting frame is used for the lifting and lowering of the leveling frame.

[0092] The auxiliary hook of the suspension frame is used for synchronously lifting and lowering pipelines such as the hydraulic oil pipes and cables of the leveling frame.

[0093] The blanking hopper is located on the side of the supporting ship and is used to lower the stone materials to the aggregate hopper part of the leveling frame.

[0094] The aggregate hopper is located at one end of the truss trolley of the underwater leveling frame and is used to receive the stone materials lowered by the supporting ship and centrally lower them to the single-direction spiral initial stage.

[0095] The hydraulic oil pipes, cables, etc. are lifted and lowered synchronously with the leveling frame through the auxiliary hook of the suspension frame, connecting the underwater leveling frame with the deck hydraulic pump station and the electric cabinet.

[0096] The feeding pipe connects the blanking hopper on the side of the supporting ship and the aggregate hopper of the truss trolley of the underwater leveling frame. It is a flexible material to facilitate the downward throwing of the stone materials during the leveling operation.

[0097] The conveyor belt is located between the stone material storage area on the deck and the blanking hopper and is used to transport the stone materials from the storage area to the blanking hopper to complete the stone throwing operation.

[0098] The discharging hopper is located on one side of the conveyor belt in the stone material storage area and is used for mechanical equipment such as excavators to concentrate the stone materials and transport them on the conveyor belt to the blanking hopper.

[0099] The truss traveling trolley is horizontally located on the track of the leveling frame. The movement action is provided by the pin wheel and pin tooth transmission mechanism. The pin wheel is located under the traveling trolley, the pin tooth is located at the center of the track, and the aggregate hopper is arranged at one end of the trolley close to the ship.

[0100] The four-corner hydraulic legs of the leveling frame support the leveling frame at the bottom of the leveling water area and are responsible for adjusting the elevation and inclination angle of the leveling frame to meet the target requirements.

[0101] The lateral inclinometer is located at the midpoint of the short side of the rectangular shape of the overall frame of the leveling frame and measures and controls the lateral inclination angle of the leveling frame underwater.

[0102] The longitudinal inclinometer is located at the midpoint of the long side of the rectangular shape of the overall frame of the leveling frame and measures and controls the longitudinal inclination angle of the leveling frame underwater.

[0103] The already leveled area is the underwater area that has completed the stone throwing and leveling.

[0104] The current leveling construction area is the underwater area where the stone throwing and leveling operation is being carried out after the supporting ship and the underwater leveling frame are positioned.

[0105] The area to be leveled is the already roughly leveled underwater area that has been planned and divided into blocks.

[0106] An underwater leveling method based on a spiral scraper includes: 1. Assembly of the leveling frame: The leveling frame is assembled on a transportation ship or onshore, including the installation of screws, scrapers, truss-type survey towers, the overall frame of the leveling frame, hydraulic legs, lateral inclinometers, longitudinal inclinometers, tracks, pinwheel and pin-tooth drive mechanisms, hydraulic hoses, etc.

[0107] 2. Preparation of the leveling frame: The transportation ship transports the leveling frame to the target area, connects it to the water support ship, equips it with power such as a hydraulic pump station, and completes the debugging of the leveling frame. Finally, the hydraulic legs are in a retracted state, and the truss traveling trolley is moved to the end of the leveling frame.

[0108] 3. Positioning of the leveling support ship: With manual assistance, the leveling frame is connected to the main hook of the hanging frame by a lifting rope, and the hydraulic hoses, cables, etc. are connected to the auxiliary hook of the hanging frame. At the same time, the water support ship carries the leveling frame and adjusts it to the target water area, and accurately positions it above the bed to be leveled through anchoring.

[0109] 4. Positioning of the leveling frame: The leveling frame is gently lowered into the water by the crane on the leveling support ship, and the hydraulic hoses, cables, etc. are simultaneously lowered into the water. Divers assist in positioning the leveling frame underwater until the hydraulic legs touch the bottom surface and are fully seated. At this time, the crane is still connected to the leveling frame by the lifting rope, but no tension is generated.

[0110] 5. Leveling of the leveling frame: Adjust the hydraulic system, precisely control the telescopic amount of the hydraulic leg cylinders, and cooperate with the elevation and transverse and longitudinal inclination angles monitored by the truss-type survey tower, lateral inclinometer, and longitudinal inclinometer to adjust the plane of the overall frame of the leveling frame to the target leveling plane elevation. At this time, the lower ends of the single-direction screw and the U-shaped scraper are at the target leveling plane elevation.

[0111] 6. Stone leveling: Construction machinery such as an excavator shovels stones into the discharge hopper. The stones pass through the conveyor belt, feed hopper, delivery pipe, and aggregate hopper in sequence and reach one side of the single-direction screw. By controlling the stone discharge speed and the screw rotation speed, the stones are spread from one side to the other side in the inner area of the U-shaped scraper. After spreading, the truss trolley is moved forward a distance equal to the width of the U-shaped scraper, and the spreading area is further leveled until all the leveling work within the leveling frame area is completed.

[0112] 7. Inspection and patching of the bed: After the leveling operation is completed, the acoustic measurement equipment on the water support ship is used to detect the leveling quality of the crushed stone bed. If there are sunken areas lower than the target elevation, additional materials will be filled to level them.

[0113] 8. Leveling operation cycle: After the leveling operation of a single target leveling area is completed, the crane lifts the leveling frame, hydraulic hoses, cables, etc. synchronously to lift the leveling frame out of the water. Then, repeat steps 3 - 7 until all the beds to be leveled are leveled.

[0114] 9. Storage and Maintenance of the Levelling Frame: After the underwater levelling work is completed or when the levelling frame malfunctions, the lifting frame hoists the levelling frame out of the water and lowers it to the deck of the transport ship for short-term storage, maintenance or repair work, or transports it by the transport ship to the onshore storage area for storage, maintenance or repair work.

[0115] Compared with the traditional scraper levelling, the single-direction spiral can not only spread the stones for preliminary levelling, but also reduce the accumulation of crushed stones in front of the scraper, thus reducing the levelling resistance of the scraper. Moreover, the U-shaped scraper strictly controls the area of stone throwing, controls the amount of stone throwing, reduces the waste of stones, and at the same time reduces the demand for crushed stones for supplementary materials and the demand accuracy of supplementary materials, overall improving the efficiency and accuracy of crushed stone levelling and reducing the demand for levelling materials and operation costs.

[0116] A method for underwater levelling based on a spiral scraper is proposed. For the levelling construction, a self-propelled support barge and an underwater single-direction spiral - U-shaped scraper levelling frame are used, with automatic anchoring and positioning and remote levelling frame positioning and leveling, which not only reduces the underwater operation time of personnel and the manual labor, but also reduces the danger of underwater operation of personnel, and makes the levelling operation more continuous and efficient.

[0117] The above embodiments are only the preferred technical solutions of the present invention and should not be regarded as limitations on the present invention. The protection scope of the present invention shall be the technical solutions recorded in the claims, including the equivalent replacement solutions of the technical features in the technical solutions recorded in the claims. That is, the equivalent replacement improvements within this scope are also within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An underwater leveling equipment and leveling method based on a spiral scraper, characterized in that: It includes an above-water support ship (1) and an underwater leveling frame (3). A stone conveyor belt (11) is provided on the above-water support ship (1). A discharge hopper (1102) is provided at one end of the stone conveyor belt (11) near the edge. The underwater leveling frame (3) includes a base frame (4). A movable frame (5) is provided on the base frame (4) along the length direction. A rotatable scraper screw (6) is provided at the lower end of the movable frame (5) to level the crushed stones in the base frame (4). Stone side baffles (602) are provided on both sides of the scraper screw (6). The two stone side baffles (602) form a clamping groove space. A passing gap (603) is provided between each stone side baffle (602) and the scraper screw (6). An aggregate hopper (1001) is further provided above the clamping groove space on the base frame (4). One end of the aggregate hopper (1001) is close to the scraper screw (6). The aggregate hopper (1001) is communicated with the discharge hopper (1102) through a crushed stone conveying pipe (10).

2. The underwater leveling equipment and leveling method based on a spiral scraper according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of insertion plates (405) are provided at the lower end of the base frame (4). The upper end of the stone side baffle (602) is slidably inserted into the insertion plate (405). A plurality of gear holes (406) are provided in the insertion plate (405) and the stone side baffle (602) in the vertical direction. A plurality of gear bolts (407) are further provided. The gear holes (406) of the insertion plate (405) and the stone side baffle (602) are aligned, and each gear bolt (407) passes through the aligned gear holes (406).

3. The underwater leveling equipment and leveling method based on a spiral scraper according to claim 1, characterized in that: A lining plate (606) is provided at the lower end of the side of the stone side baffle (602) close to the scraper screw (6). The upper end of the lining plate (606) is hinged to the stone side baffle (602). A cavity part is provided at the lower end of the stone side baffle (602). A second connecting rod (608) and a first connecting rod (607) are sequentially hinged at the lower end of the cavity part. The first connecting rod (607) is hinged to the lower end of the lining plate (606). A tension spring (609) connected to the inner wall of the cavity part of the stone side baffle (602) is provided on the first connecting rod (607). A rotatable rotating rod (610) is further provided in the cavity part of the stone side baffle (602). A top sleeve (611) connected by thread is provided at one end of the rotating rod (610) close to the lining plate (606). One end of the top sleeve (611) is used to abut against the lining plate (606).

4. The underwater leveling equipment and leveling method based on a spiral scraper according to claim 1, characterized in that: At least three stone side baffles (602) are provided at the lower end of the base frame (4) to form at least two clamping cavity spaces. There are at least two scraper screws (6). Each scraper screw (6) is arranged in each clamping cavity space. An aggregate hopper (1001) is provided above each clamping cavity space. There are at least two crushed stone conveying pipes (10). Each aggregate hopper (1001) is communicated with each crushed stone conveying pipe (10).

5. The underwater leveling equipment and leveling method based on a spiral scraper according to claim 1, characterized in that: Widthening frames (506) are provided at both ends of the movable frame (5). Rotatable first traveling wheels (501) are provided at the lower sides of both ends of the widthening frame (506). The first traveling wheels (501) abut against the upper end surface of the base frame (4) and roll. A chain linear guiding structure (503) is provided on the side surface of the base frame (4). A rotatable sprocket (502) is further provided on the movable frame (5). The sprocket (502) is engaged with the chain linear guiding structure (503).

6. The underwater leveling equipment and leveling method based on a spiral scraper according to claim 1, characterized in that: The underwater leveling frame (3) is provided with a transverse inclinometer (301) and a longitudinal inclinometer (302). The foundation frame (4) is of a rectangular structure. Hydraulic legs (401) that can be telescopically extended up and down are provided at at least four corners of the foundation frame (4). A universal floor anchor (402) is provided at the lower end of the hydraulic leg (401). The foundation frame (4) is connected to a vertically erected truss measuring tower (303). An RTK altimeter (304) is provided at the top of the truss measuring tower (303).

7. The underwater leveling equipment and leveling method based on a spiral scraper according to claim 6, characterized in that: A height-adjustable seat (701) is provided at the upper end of the temporary pile (7). A clamping seat (702) is provided at the upper end of the height-adjustable seat (701). The base rail frame (8) is slidably connected to the clamping seat (702).

8. The underwater leveling equipment and leveling method based on a spiral scraper according to claim 7, characterized in that: A U-shaped groove (704) is provided at the upper end of the height-adjustable seat (701). First ejector rods (705) connected by threads are provided on both side walls of the U-shaped groove (704). One end of each first ejector rod (705) abuts against the side wall of the clamping seat (702). A C-shaped card slot space (706) is provided inside the clamping seat (702). The lower end of the base rail frame (8) is arranged inside the card slot space (706). Second ejector rods (707) connected by threads are provided on both side walls of the card slot space (706). The end of each second ejector rod (707) abuts against the side wall of the lower end of the base rail frame (8).

9. The underwater leveling equipment and leveling method based on a spiral scraper according to claim 6, characterized in that: A lift table (906) that can be lifted is provided at the upper end of the moving beam (9). A rotatable guide wheel (903) is provided on the lift table (906). The guide wheel (903) abuts against the towing cable (902).

10. The underwater leveling equipment and leveling method based on a spiral scraper according to claim 4, characterized in that: The waterborne support ship (1) is in place, and the underwater leveling frame (3) is lowered into place and leveled; The crushed stones are conveyed from the waterborne support ship (1) to the bed surface to be leveled through the crushed stone conveying pipe (10). Coarse stones are conveyed into the aggregate hopper (1001) at the front in the moving direction of the foundation frame (4), and fine stones are conveyed into the aggregate hopper (1001) at the rear. The underwater leveling frame (3) is started, and the scraper spiral (6) rotates to start the leveling operation; After the regional leveling is completed, the leveling quality of the crushed stone bed is detected by the acoustic measurement equipment on the waterborne support ship (1), and the sunken areas lower than the target elevation are filled with additional materials; The underwater leveling frame (3) is moved to the next construction area to start the next round of leveling construction.

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