Pile foundation pit side wall leveling excavation assembly and leveling method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of foundation pit excavation, in particular to a pile foundation pit side wall leveling excavation assembly which comprises a fixing plate, symmetrically-distributed fixing frames are fixedly installed on one side of the fixing plate, a motor is fixedly installed on the fixing plate, the motor is fixedly connected with a driving rotating shaft, a driven rotating shaft is further rotationally installed on the fixing plate, and the driven rotating shaft is fixedly connected with the driving rotating shaft. A driven gear is fixedly installed on the driven rotating shaft, and a leveling disc is fixedly installed at one end of the driven rotating shaft. In the scheme, the shortest leveling path can be rapidly planned by constructing the directed weighted graph and introducing the improved Dijkstra algorithm and comprehensively considering the geometric distance between the areas, the soil working condition weight and the overlapping correction coefficient; according to the algorithm, the optimal moving route can be accurately calculated, the equipment empty running time can be shortened, the operation efficiency can be improved, the operation time can be greatly saved, the pile foundation pit side wall leveling excavation efficiency can be improved, and the equipment loss can be effectively reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of foundation pit excavation, and particularly relates to a component and method for flat excavation of the side wall of a pile foundation pit. Background Technique

[0002] In modern construction projects, foundation pit excavation is an important link in underground engineering construction. With the continuous advancement of urban construction, the number of high-rise and super high-rise buildings is increasing day by day, and the utilization of underground space is becoming more and more in-depth, which makes the scale and depth of pile foundation pits continuously increase. During the construction of pile foundation pits, the quality of flat excavation of the side wall is directly related to the stability of the subsequent support structure, the waterproof effect, and the construction accuracy of the underground structure. Traditional manual excavation and simple mechanical excavation have many deficiencies in terms of efficiency and quality.

[0003] Most of the existing pile foundation pit side wall flat excavation technologies and equipment on the current market have the problem of poor versatility. For different foundation pit projects, the geological conditions, surrounding environment and design requirements vary greatly, but the existing excavation components can often only be applicable to specific types of soil or foundation pit sizes. When encountering complex strata with alternating soft and hard soils, the existing equipment cannot quickly and automatically adjust the cutting parameters and tool types, resulting in low excavation efficiency and it is difficult to ensure the flatness of the side wall. In addition, there are obvious defects in the degree of automation of the existing technology, and most operations still rely on manual intervention, which not only increases the construction cost, but also easily causes construction errors due to human factors. Therefore, we provide a component and method for flat excavation of the side wall of a pile foundation pit. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a component and method for flat excavation of the side wall of a pile foundation pit, thereby solving the technical problems mentioned in the background technique.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is realized through the following technical solutions:

[0006] A component for flat excavation of the side wall of a pile foundation pit includes a fixing plate. On one side of the fixing plate, symmetrically distributed fixing frames are fixedly installed. A motor is fixedly installed on the fixing plate. The motor is fixedly connected to a driving rotating shaft. A driven rotating shaft is also rotatably installed on the fixing plate. A driven gear is fixedly installed on the driven rotating shaft. A flatting disc is fixedly installed at one end of the driven rotating shaft. A driving gear is fixedly installed on the driving rotating shaft. The driving gear meshes with the driven gear.

[0007] In a possible implementation manner, a mud guard is fixedly installed on the lower side of the fixing plate.

[0008] In a possible implementation manner, the flatting disc is of a circular disc-shaped structure.

[0009] In a possible implementation, the vertical columns and horizontal beams of the fixing frame form a stable triangular support structure, and a limiting baffle or guardrail is arranged on the outer side of the fixing frame.

[0010] In a possible implementation, a method for leveling the side wall of a pile foundation pit includes the following steps:

[0011] S1 Planning and coordinate setting of the area to be leveled: In the vertical direction, according to the formula to determine the single-layer height , where represents the diameter of the leveling disk. In the horizontal direction, it is equally divided according to the length of the side wall of the foundation pit, and the single-zone width is set to 1500 - 2000 mm; with the help of the geological exploration report, it is classified and marked according to the soil hardness; and the starting operation area is set, and a safe operation space is reserved; taking the lower left corner of the foundation pit as the coordinate origin, where the direction of the axis is parallel to the trend of the side wall of the foundation pit, and the

[0012] axis is vertically upward, a coordinate system is established, and a grid coordinate matrix is constructed; the fixing plate is installed at the starting position on the edge of the foundation pit, and the coordinates are calibrated with a total station. S2 Planning the shortest leveling path: Set the area to be leveled as the nodes of graph theory, and determine the edge weights according to the geometric distance formula, different soil condition weights, and the overlap correction coefficient

[0013] . Use the Dijkstra algorithm to calculate the shortest path, add virtual nodes to avoid obstacles when encountering them, and generate an optimal path sequence; use a Bezier curve to fit the path turning points to ensure smooth operation. S3 Configuration of leveling parameters and calibration of equipment: Calculate according to the formula where represents the motor torque, is the soil hardness coefficient, represents the cutting area of the leveling disk, is the diameter of the leveling disk, is the rotation speed, is the feed speed, adjust the feed speed according to the leveling accuracy and soil hardness, where is the axial displacement of the driven rotating shaft, is the radius of the leveling disk to determine the leveling parameters; use a ground penetrating radar to scan to obtain soil hardness data, automatically match the blade type, calculate the initial cutting depth, start the motor to idle and detect the speed fluctuation, adjust the axial displacement of the driven rotating shaft to calibrate the cutting angle, and adjust the position of the mudguard.

[0014] S4 Automatic leveling operation execution: Fix the fixed plate at the starting position and finely adjust the levelness. Input the optimal path into the PLC control system to convert it into motion parameters. Detect the roughness by empty cutting at the edge of the starting area and adjust the feed speed; Level in layers and regions, adopt different operation parameters for different soils, and adjust the feed speed and cutting depth when crossing regions; After leveling each region, use a drone equipped with a lidar to scan, mark the correction area, determine the cutting depth according to the deviation value for precise cutting and update the parameters; Use a straightedge and feeler gauge for comprehensive inspection. After passing the inspection, disassemble, clean, and maintain the equipment, and sort and file the data.

[0015] In a possible implementation manner, the formula for the edge weight value is , where is the geometric distance between two regions, is the working condition weight, is the overlap correction coefficient.

[0016] In a possible implementation manner, the formula for the Bezier curve is , , where and represent the endpoints of the region, and are the control points, is a parameter.

[0017] Beneficial effects compared with the prior art:

[0018] 1. In this solution, by constructing a directed weighted graph and introducing an improved Dijkstra algorithm, comprehensively considering the geometric distance between regions, the soil working condition weight, and the overlap correction coefficient, the shortest leveling path can be quickly planned. This algorithm can accurately calculate the optimal movement route, reduce the idle running time of the equipment, improve the operation efficiency. The path planning method of the present invention can greatly save the operation time, improve the efficiency of the side wall leveling excavation of the pile foundation pit, and effectively reduce the equipment loss;

[0019] 2. In this solution, the soil hardness data is obtained by pre-scanning with a ground penetrating radar, and the appropriate blade type is automatically matched. At the same time, according to factors such as the motor torque, soil hardness coefficient, and cutting area of the leveling disk, the cutting depth is accurately calculated using the formula, and the rotation speed can also be determined according to the feed speed and the diameter of the leveling disk. Ensure that the equipment can operate stably and efficiently under different geological conditions. This function of intelligent parameter adjustment greatly enhances the versatility of the equipment, can adapt to the side wall leveling excavation of pile foundation pits in a variety of complex strata, reduces the situation of needing to replace equipment or conduct complex debugging due to geological condition changes, reduces the construction cost, and improves the construction quality. Description of the Drawings

[0020] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present invention. In order to better understand the technical means of the present invention and implement it according to the content of the specification, the following describes in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings.

[0021] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the leveling and excavation component of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of the leveling and excavation component of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the leveling plate structure of the leveling and excavation component of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the path of the leveling method of the leveling and excavation component of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the step flow of the leveling method of the present invention.

[0026] Legend description: 1. Fixed plate; 2. Fixed frame; 3. Motor; 4. Driven rotating shaft; 5. Leveling plate; 6. Mudguard; 7. Driving rotating shaft; 8. Driving gear; 9. Driven gear. Specific implementation manners

[0027] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention can be implemented in various different forms. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described below. In addition, in order to describe the present invention more clearly, components not connected to the invention will be omitted from the drawings;

[0028] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application are to solve the problems in the above background technology. The general idea is as follows:

[0029] Embodiment:

[0030] As Figures 1 to 3 , a leveling and excavation component for the side wall of a pile foundation pit, the leveling and excavation component includes a fixed plate 1. The fixed plate 1 is the load-bearing structure of the entire leveling and excavation component. It is made of high-strength alloy steel and has excellent tensile and compressive properties. Its outer shape is designed as a rectangular flat plate. The surface flatness and installation of the fixed plate 1 directly affect the operation trajectory of the excavation component. During installation, its levelness and verticality are calibrated by measuring instruments, making the fixed plate 1 the spatial positioning reference for the entire component. Subsequent structures are all based on the fixed plate 1 to ensure that the entire excavation component can be excavated according to the designed trajectory and avoid the side wall flatness error caused by installation deviation.

[0031] On the side of the fixed plate 1 close to the operator, symmetrically distributed fixing brackets 2 are fixedly installed. The columns and crossbeams of the fixing brackets 2 form a stable triangular support structure, which can effectively resist the lateral force and axial force generated during the operation of the leveling disk, ensure the stable axis position of each rotating shaft, avoid the failure of the transmission system caused by structural deformation, and are welded by high-strength pipes or profiles, having good spatial stiffness and anti-deformation ability. Bearing seat mounting holes are provided on the fixing brackets 2, and a limit baffle or guardrail is provided on the outside of the fixing brackets 2 to prevent the operator from accidentally contacting the high-speed rotating shafts and gear components, improving construction safety.

[0032] A motor 3 is fixedly installed on the fixed plate 1. The motor 3 is the power source of the entire assembly, and a low-speed, high-torque servo motor or hydraulic motor is selected, which can automatically adjust the output power and speed according to the hardness and excavation depth of the foundation pit soil. The selection of its rated power needs to comprehensively consider factors such as the diameter of the leveling disk, cutting resistance, and soil density to ensure that sufficient driving torque can be provided under different working conditions. Considering the humid and dusty working environment of the foundation pit, the motor 3 housing is designed with a fully enclosed waterproof and dustproof structure, and heat sinks and temperature sensors are provided inside to ensure a suitable working temperature during long-term continuous operation. Its wiring terminals and control modules are treated against moisture, and can adapt to the high humidity environment at the bottom of the foundation pit, avoiding construction interruption caused by electrical failures.

[0033] A driven rotating shaft 4 is also rotatably installed on the fixed plate 1. A driven gear 9 is fixedly installed on the driven rotating shaft 4. One end of the driven rotating shaft 4 is fixedly installed with a leveling disk 5. The leveling disk 5 is a working component directly acting on the side wall of the foundation pit. The leveling disk 5 is a circular disk structure, and its diameter is selected according to the width of the foundation pit, generally 500 - 1000 mm. The edge is provided with spiral cutting edges or serrated blades for crushing and cutting soil. The blades are made of hard alloy or high-carbon steel and are surface-treated against wear, and can effectively cut clay, sand, and even slightly weathered rock formations.

[0034] The inner side of the leveling disk 5 is a smooth curved surface, and the cut soil is discharged along the smooth curved surface under the action of centrifugal force, avoiding soil accumulation affecting the leveling effect. Reinforcing ribs are provided inside the disk body to improve rigidity and impact resistance, preventing deformation when encountering obstacles such as stones. In addition, the installation angle of the leveling disk 5 can be optimized by adjusting the axial adjustment of the driven rotating shaft and the inclination angle of the fixing bracket to ensure that it forms the best cutting angle with the side wall of the foundation pit, usually 15° to 30°, reducing cutting resistance and improving flatness.

[0035] In addition, for different soil layer characteristics, different types of blades can be replaced on the leveling disk 5, specifically serrated knives for hard soil and smooth knives for soft soil, and the protruding length of the blades can also be adjusted, thereby realizing the control of cutting depth and surface roughness.

[0036] A mudguard 6 is fixedly installed on the lower side of the fixed plate 1. The mudguard 6 is installed above and on both sides of the leveling plate 5, and adopts an arc-shaped or straight plate structure. The material is high-strength plastic or thin metal sheet, which can effectively block the soil and debris thrown out when the leveling plate rotates, and protect the operators and surrounding equipment from being damaged by the flying objects. Its height and width cover the main working area of the leveling plate, and there is an appropriate gap of about 5-10 mm between the edge and the leveling plate 5, which neither affects the rotation of the plate body nor can intercept the flying objects to the greatest extent. A guiding inclined surface is arranged on the inner side of part of the mudguard 6 to guide the cut soil to slide along a specific direction, avoiding accumulation under the leveling plate and affecting the operation. When a soil collecting groove is arranged at the bottom of the foundation pit, the guiding function of the mudguard 6 can make the soil directly fall into the soil collecting groove, which is convenient for subsequent cleaning. In addition, the adjustable design of the mudguard 6 allows its height to be adjusted according to the excavation depth to ensure effective protection in different operation stages. The mudguard 6 is fixedly installed on the fixed plate 1 to form a semi-closed protection structure for the working area of the leveling plate 5. This structural design not only enhances the rigidity of the overall component, but also reduces the noise and dust diffusion during operation to a certain extent, improving the construction environment.

[0037] The driving rotating shaft 7 of the motor 3 extends into the mudguard 6. A driving gear 8 is fixedly installed on the driving rotating shaft 7. The driving gear 8 meshes with the driven gear 9. The transmission structure composed of the driving gear 8 and the driven gear 9 meshing. The gear modulus is selected according to the transmitted torque, usually 3-5 mm. The tooth number ratio determines the transmission ratio to ensure that sufficient power and rotation speed can still be guaranteed when facing a relatively complex leveling environment. The gear surface is treated by carburizing and quenching, and the tooth surface hardness reaches HRC55-60 to improve the anti-tooth surface wear and anti-scuffing ability.

[0038] Such as Figure 4 , the specific steps of the leveling method based on the leveling excavation component on the side wall of the pile foundation pit are as follows:

[0039] S1 Planning and coordinate setting of the area to be leveled

[0040] S11 Area division

[0041] Before the leveling operation on the side wall of the pile foundation pit, it is necessary to carefully divide the area to be leveled in the foundation pit. In the vertical direction (set as axis), according to the formula to determine the single-layer height , where represents the diameter of the leveling plate. This formula is obtained from a large number of engineering practice experiences. Since the larger the diameter of the leveling plate, the larger the single-operation coverage range, but to ensure the leveling effect, the vertical division should not be too high. A coefficient of 0.6−0.8 can better balance the efficiency and quality, The value range of is between 500-1000 mm. In the horizontal direction (set as The (shaft) is equally divided according to the length of the foundation pit side wall, and the single-zone width is set to 1500 - 2000 mm. Such a setting can ensure that the overlap rate of the area covered by the leveling disk in a single rotation is not less than 10%, effectively avoiding the situation of missed leveling.

[0042] S12 Soil Condition Marking

[0043] With the help of a detailed geological exploration report, Figure 4 in - the area is classified and marked according to soil hardness, specifically divided into three categories: Class I soft soil, Class II hard soil, and Class III rocky soil layer. At the same time, is set as the starting operation area of the equipment, and a 500-mm safe operation space is reserved in this area to ensure the safety of the equipment startup and initial operation process.

[0044] S13 Coordinate System Establishment

[0045] Taking the lower left corner of the foundation pit as the coordinate origin, where the direction of the (shaft) is parallel to the trend of the foundation pit side wall, the (shaft) is vertically upward, and this setting meets the standard requirements of the engineering coordinate system. In addition, although not shown in Figure 4 , for precise three-dimensional positioning, there is also a (shaft) perpendicular to the normal direction of the side wall. For the vertices of each area to be leveled, the coordinates are used for marking. Specifically, assuming that the coordinates of a certain vertex in the area are , , the coordinates of a certain vertex in the area are . In this way, a grid-like coordinate matrix is constructed, providing accurate basic data for subsequent path planning.

[0046] S14 Starting Point Determination and Calibration

[0047] The fixing plate 1 is firmly installed at the starting point position on the edge of the foundation pit. Use a total station to calibrate its coordinates . During the calibration process, strictly control the deviation of the axis direction not to exceed 2 mm, and the perpendicularity error of the axis not to exceed 0.3°. Ensure that the fixing plate 1 serves as the reference starting point for the entire operation.

[0048] S2 Planning the Shortest Leveling Path

[0049] S21 Constructing a Directed Weighted Graph

[0050] Take each area to be leveled Set as nodes in graph theory, and the connecting lines (edges) between nodes represent the paths for the leveling plate to move from one area to another. The edge weights are jointly determined by the following key factors:

[0051] Geometric distance: Calculate the geometric distance between two areas through the formula (unit: m). This formula is based on the Pythagorean theorem and can accurately measure the actual moving distance, providing basic distance data for edge weight calculation.

[0052] Working condition weight: Set corresponding working condition weights according to different soil types. Among them, the weight of the soft soil area , the hard soil area , and the stony soil layer . This is because the cutting resistances of different soils are different, and this weight is used to reflect the influence degree of different soils on the operation time.

[0053] Overlap correction coefficient: Define the overlap correction coefficient . When the overlap rate is not less than 10%, takes the value of 0.9. This coefficient is used to avoid repeated operations during the operation process.

[0054] The final formula for calculating the edge weight is .

[0055] Introduce the Dijkstra algorithm in S22

[0056] Taking as the starting point, use the improved Dijkstra algorithm to calculate the shortest paths to all areas - . In the actual foundation pit environment, if there are obstacles (such as existing piles), avoid these restricted areas by adding virtual nodes. The specific execution steps of the algorithm are as follows:

[0057] First, perform initialization operations. Assign all values in the distance array to infinity, while is assigned 0. This means that the initial distances from the starting point to other points are unknown (set to infinity), and the distance to itself is 0;

[0058] Then start traversing all unvisited nodes, and select the node with the smallest value among these nodes . This step is to determine the node that is currently closest to the starting point;

[0059] Then update the of the nodes adjacent to the node Value, the update formula is . The meaning of this formula is to take the smaller value between the current value and the calculation result as the new value, and continuously optimize the distance from the starting point to each node in this way;

[0060] Continuously repeat the above steps until all nodes have been visited. Finally, an optimal path sequence such as → → → → is generated.

[0061] S23 Path smoothing processing

[0062] To avoid sudden changes in cutting force at turning points in adjacent areas, Bezier curves are used to fit these turning points. The formula for the Bezier curve is , . In this formula, and represent the endpoints of the area, and are the control points. is a parameter, and its value range is between 0 and 1. By adjusting the value, the feed speed of the leveling disk can be continuously changed during movement, thus ensuring smoother operation.

[0063] S3 Leveling parameter configuration and equipment calibration

[0064] S31 Determination of leveling parameters

[0065] Cutting depth: The cutting depth is represented by the symbol , and its value range is between 5 - 50 mm. The cutting depth is calculated by the formula , where represents the motor torque, is the soil hardness coefficient ( = 10 in the case of soft soil, = 5 in the case of hard soil), represents the cutting area of the leveling disk. This formula shows that the cutting depth is proportional to the motor torque and inversely proportional to the soil hardness coefficient and the cutting area, and can determine the appropriate cutting depth based on the soil hardness and equipment performance.

[0066] Rotational speed: The rotational speed is represented by the symbol , and its value range is 10 - 30 rpm. Its calculation formula is , where is the feed rate (unit: m / s), is the diameter of the leveling disk. This formula reflects the relationship between the rotational speed, the feed rate, and the diameter of the leveling disk, and is used to determine the appropriate rotational speed based on the feed rate and the equipment size.

[0067] Feed rate: The feed rate is denoted by the symbol and has a value range of 0.1 - 0.5 m / min. When the requirement for leveling accuracy is mm, it is usually taken as 0.2 m / min; in case of hard soil, will be reduced by 20%. Adjusting the feed rate according to the soil hardness and accuracy requirements can ensure an ideal leveling quality.

[0068] Cutting angle: The cutting angle is denoted by the symbol and has a value between 15° - 30°. The calculation formula is , where is the axial displacement of the driven rotating shaft, is the radius of the leveling disk. By adjusting the ratio of the axial displacement of the driven rotating shaft to the radius of the leveling disk and using the arctangent function, an appropriate cutting angle can be calculated to ensure that the leveling disk performs the cutting operation at an appropriate angle.

[0069] S32 Parameter initialization and equipment calibration

[0070] Before starting the operation officially, use a ground penetrating radar to pre-scan the - area to obtain real-time soil hardness data. According to this data, automatically match the suitable blade type. Specifically, select a smooth blade in the soft soil area and a serrated blade in the hard soil area. At the same time, calculate the initial cutting depth according to the formula (assuming the rated torque of the motor ).

[0071] Start the motor 3 and let it idle for 5 minutes. During this process, use a rotational speed sensor to detect the rotational speed fluctuation and ensure that the rotational speed fluctuation does not exceed ±1 rpm; manually adjust the axial displacement of the driven rotating shaft 4 and calibrate the cutting angle to 25° with the help of an inclination sensor. This angle is the best working condition angle verified by practice; when installing the mudguard 6, carefully adjust its position to ensure that the gap between the mudguard 6 and the leveling disk 5 is between 5 - 10 mm and the edge alignment error does not exceed 3 mm.

[0072] S4 Automatic leveling operation execution

[0073] S41 Initialization positioning and pre-leveling

[0074] Fix the fixing plate 1 accurately on Starting position, use a hydraulic jack to finely adjust its levelness. Through the detection of a level, ensure that the planar error does not exceed 2 mm. This step ensures the accuracy of the initial position of the equipment and provides a stable foundation for subsequent operations.

[0075] Input the optimal path generated in Step 2 → → → → into the PLC control system. This system will convert the coordinate information in the path into precise motion parameters of the equipment's feed axis ( axis) and lifting axis ( axis), enabling the equipment to operate according to the planned path.

[0076] At the edge of the area, perform a 1 - m empty cut operation, and use a laser scanner to detect the roughness of the cutting surface. If the detected roughness Ra exceeds 10 μm, automatically adjust the feed speed to 0.15 m / min to ensure the quality of subsequent formal operations.

[0077] S42 Stratified and zonal leveling

[0078] Area Leveling (soft soil layer, mm): When starting the operation, set the motor speed to 20 rpm, set the feed speed to 0.3 m / min, and the leveling disk 5 rotates clockwise. After each 1 - m² leveling operation, use professional flatness detection equipment to scan and detect the surface flatness. Once the deviation is found to exceed 5 mm, the system will automatically trigger a compensation cutting operation and finely adjust 1 - 3 mm along the axis direction. During the operation, the cut soil will fall into the soil collection trough through the guidance of the mudguard 6. To avoid clogging of the soil collection trough, it needs to be cleaned every 5 minutes.

[0079] Area Leveling (hard soil layer, mm): Since this area is a hard soil layer, it is necessary to first switch to a serrated blade and at the same time increase the motor torque to 70 , adjust the motor speed to 15 rpm, and the feed speed Reduce to 0.2 m / min. During the leveling operation, adopt a spiral path with an overlap of 20% for each circle to ensure that hard soil can be completely broken. During the operation, use a stress sensor to monitor the load condition of the driven rotating shaft 4 in real time. Once the load exceeds 120% of the threshold, the system will automatically control the leveling disk to retract the tool by 50 mm and start the vibration crushing mode (vibration frequency is 50 Hz, duration is 10 s).

[0080] Cross-regional connection processing (such as → boundary): When the leveling disk is about to reach the regional boundary → boundary, reduce the feed speed to 0.1 m / min 50 mm in advance, and gradually reduce the cutting depth of the leveling disk from 30 mm to 15 mm. Use a vision recognition system to accurately detect the boundary contour, generate the cutting trajectory of the transition area according to the detection results, and ensure that the flatness error at the joint does not exceed 2 mm.

[0081] S43 Real-time detection and correction

[0082] After completing the leveling operation of each area, use a drone equipped with a lidar to scan the leveled area to obtain the three-dimensional point cloud data of this area. Compare and analyze these data with the pre-set design model, and mark the areas with a deviation exceeding 5 mm as correction areas.

[0083] For the marked correction areas, adopt a precise point-to-point cutting method for processing. The cutting depth is determined according to the deviation value, and the calculation formula is (reserving a 20% compensation amount). When planning the path, give priority to processing areas with high-frequency deviations to improve the correction efficiency.

[0084] Feed the detected results back to the parameter configuration module, update the cutting parameters for the subsequent operations in this soil layer area according to these actual data, so as to form a closed-loop control of "operation - detection - optimization" and continuously improve the operation quality.

[0085] S44 Final detection and post-processing

[0086] Use a 2-meter long straightedge and feeler gauge to comprehensively detect the entire leveled area, and detect 3 points per 1 m². If the qualified rate reaches 95% or above, it is determined that the leveling operation in this area is qualified.

[0087] Dismantle the equipment components such as the leveling plate 5, gear set, motor 3, etc. in the reverse order of installation. After the dismantling is completed, clean and maintain each component, and then store them in a moisture-proof warehouse for future use. Also, sort out and file the important data such as the operation path, parameter logs, inspection reports, etc. during this operation. These data will serve as important reference bases for subsequent foundation pit construction.

[0088] Finally, it should be noted that: Obviously, the above embodiments are merely examples given to clearly illustrate the present invention and are not limitations on the implementation manners. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other different forms of changes or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is not necessary and impossible to list all the implementation manners here. And the obvious changes or modifications derived therefrom still fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A sidewall leveling excavation assembly for a pile foundation pit, characterized in that, It includes a fixed plate (1). On one side of the fixed plate (1), symmetrically distributed fixing brackets (2) are fixedly installed. A motor (3) is fixedly installed on the fixed plate (1). The motor (3) is fixedly connected to a driving rotating shaft (7). A driven rotating shaft (4) is also rotatably installed on the fixed plate (1). A driven gear (9) is fixedly installed on the driven rotating shaft (4). A leveling plate (5) is fixedly installed at one end of the driven rotating shaft (4). A driving gear (8) is fixedly installed on the driving rotating shaft (7). The driving gear (8) meshes with the driven gear (9).

2. The sidewall flat excavation assembly for a pile foundation pit according to claim 1, wherein, A mudguard (6) is fixedly installed on the lower side of the fixed plate (1).

3. The sidewall flat excavation assembly for a pile foundation pit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The leveling plate (5) is of a circular plate-like structure.

4. A component for flat excavation of the side wall of a pile foundation pit as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The columns and crossbeams of the fixing bracket (2) form a stable triangular support structure. A limiting baffle or a guardrail is arranged on the outer side of the fixing bracket (2).

5. A method for leveling the side wall of a pile foundation pit using the pile foundation pit side wall leveling excavation assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: S1 Planning and Coordinate Setting of the Area to be Levelled: In the vertical direction, according to the formula to determine the single-layer height , where represents the diameter of the leveling plate. In the horizontal direction, it is equally divided according to the length of the foundation pit side wall, and the width of a single area is set to 1500 - 2000 mm; with the help of the geological exploration report, it is classified and marked according to the soil hardness; and the starting operation area is set, leaving a safe operation space; taking the lower left corner of the foundation pit as the coordinate origin, where the direction of the axis is parallel to the trend of the foundation pit side wall, and the axis is vertically upward, establishing a coordinate system and constructing a grid coordinate matrix; installing the fixing plate at the starting position on the edge of the foundation pit and calibrating the coordinates with a total station; S2 Plan the Shortest Levelling Path: Set the area to be levelled as the graph theory nodes, and determine the edge weights according to the geometric distance formula, the weights of different soil conditions, and the overlap correction coefficient. , Use the Dijkstra algorithm to calculate the shortest path. Add virtual nodes to avoid obstacles when encountering them, and generate an optimal path sequence; Use Bezier curves to fit the path turning points to ensure smooth operation. S3 Leveling Parameter Configuration and Equipment Calibration: Calculate according to the formula where represents the motor torque, is the soil hardness coefficient, represents the cutting area of the leveling disk, is the diameter of the leveling disk, where is the rotational speed, is the feed speed, adjust the feed speed according to the leveling accuracy and soil hardness, where is the axial displacement of the driven rotating shaft, determine the leveling parameters according to the radius of the leveling disk; use ground-penetrating radar scanning to obtain soil hardness data, automatically match the blade type, calculate the initial cutting depth, start the motor no-load rotation to detect the speed fluctuation, adjust the axial displacement of the driven rotating shaft to calibrate the cutting angle, and adjust the position of the fender; S4 Automatic leveling operation execution: Fix the fixed plate at the starting position and finely adjust the level. Input the optimal path into the PLC control system to convert it into motion parameters. Detect the roughness by empty cutting at the edge of the starting area and adjust the feed speed; Level in layers and by regions, and use different operation parameters for different soils. Adjust the feed speed and cutting depth when crossing regions; After leveling each region, use a drone equipped with a lidar scanner to scan, mark the correction area, determine the cutting depth according to the deviation value for precise cutting and update the parameters; Use a straightedge and a feeler gauge for comprehensive inspection. After passing the inspection, disassemble, clean, and maintain the equipment, and sort and file the data.

6. The method for leveling the side wall of a pile foundation pit according to claim 5, wherein The edge weight calculation formula is , where is the geometric distance between two regions, is the working condition weight, is the overlap correction coefficient.

7. A method for leveling the side wall of a pile foundation pit according to claim 5, characterized in that, The formula of the Bessel curve is , , where and represent the endpoints of the region, and are the control points, is a parameter.

Images