High-pressure low-temperature hydrogen and low-temperature medium composite storage tank and system thereof

Abstract

The high-pressure low-temperature hydrogen and low-temperature medium composite storage tank comprises a pipe bundle, a constant-temperature isolation inner tank, a low-temperature medium storage inner tank and a tank body which are sequentially sleeved from inside to outside, a first cavity used for containing high-pressure low-temperature hydrogen is formed in the pipe bundle, and a vacuum cavity is formed between the low-temperature medium storage inner tank and the tank body; a second cavity for accommodating a low-temperature medium is formed between the low-temperature medium storage inner tank and the constant-temperature isolation inner tank; a third cavity used for containing isolation gas is formed between the constant-temperature isolation inner tank and the pipe bundle, and the first cavity, the second cavity, the third cavity and the vacuum cavity do not communicate with one another. Composite storage, transportation and supply of high-pressure and low-temperature hydrogen and a low-temperature medium can be achieved, the temperature of the high-pressure and low-temperature hydrogen is stable, high hydrogen storage density is guaranteed, the hydrogen storage time is prolonged, the occupied size is small, and the transportation cost is low.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of gas storage, and further relates to a composite storage tank and system for high-pressure cryogenic hydrogen and cryogenic medium. Background Art

[0002] At present, the renewable energy power generation industries such as wind energy and solar energy in China are developing rapidly. However, these renewable energies are greatly affected by seasons and weather conditions, resulting in low and unstable energy supply efficiency. Under the background of carbon peak and carbon neutrality, hydrogen energy, as a clean and efficient energy source, has only water as its combustion product, a high calorific value, and does not produce greenhouse gas emissions such as carbon dioxide, and is pollution-free to the environment. Therefore, it is known as the "ultimate energy source in the 21st century".

[0003] Currently, in order to achieve high-density transportation of hydrogen, hydrogen is controlled in a high-pressure and low-temperature state. However, storing high-pressure cryogenic hydrogen still cannot be stably maintained at a low temperature for a long time, and sometimes other substances need to be transported at the same time. Then, these other substances need to be stored in their corresponding containers for transportation. As a result, the storage containers for hydrogen and other substances occupy a large volume, are not convenient for transportation, and lead to high transportation costs. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Aiming at the above technical problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a composite storage tank and system for high-pressure cryogenic hydrogen and cryogenic medium, which can realize the composite storage, transportation and supply of high-pressure cryogenic hydrogen and cryogenic medium. The temperature of the high-pressure cryogenic hydrogen is stable, ensuring a high hydrogen storage density and increasing the hydrogen storage time. Moreover, both are stored in the same tank body, occupying a smaller volume, thereby reducing transportation costs.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides a composite storage tank for high-pressure cryogenic hydrogen and cryogenic medium, including: a tank body and a constant-temperature isolation inner tank arranged in the tank body. A tube bundle is arranged in the constant-temperature isolation inner tank. The tube bundle has a first cavity for accommodating high-pressure cryogenic hydrogen, and a first inlet and a first outlet for the high-pressure cryogenic hydrogen to pass through are arranged on the tube bundle. It further includes: a cryogenic medium storage inner tank arranged between the constant-temperature isolation inner tank and the tank body. A vacuum cavity is formed between the cryogenic medium storage inner tank and the tank body. A second cavity for accommodating the cryogenic medium is formed between the cryogenic medium storage inner tank and the constant-temperature isolation inner tank, and a second inlet and a second outlet for the cryogenic medium to pass through are arranged on the cryogenic medium storage inner tank;

[0006] A third cavity for accommodating an isolation gas is formed between the constant-temperature isolation inner tank and the tube bundle;

[0007] The first cavity, the second cavity, the third cavity and the vacuum cavity are not communicated with each other.

[0008] In some embodiments, a cryo-adsorbent is disposed on the outer side surface of the inner tank for storing the cryogenic medium, and a hydrogen scavenger is disposed in the vacuum cavity.

[0009] In some embodiments, the high-pressure cryogenic hydrogen and cryogenic medium composite storage tank further includes a heat-insulating layer wrapped around the outer side surface of the inner tank for storing the cryogenic medium.

[0010] According to another aspect of the present invention, the present invention further provides a high-pressure cryogenic hydrogen and cryogenic medium composite storage system, including the aforementioned high-pressure cryogenic hydrogen and cryogenic medium composite storage tank, and further including: a high-pressure hydrogen filling port, which is sequentially connected to the first cavity through a high-pressure hydrogen filling pipeline and a first inlet;

[0011] a high-pressure hydrogen discharge port, which is sequentially connected to the first cavity through a high-pressure hydrogen discharge pipeline and a first outlet, and a third pressure reducing valve is provided on the high-pressure hydrogen discharge pipeline;

[0012] an inert gas filling port, which is connected to the third cavity through an inert gas filling pipeline;

[0013] an inert gas discharge port, which is connected to the third cavity through an inert gas discharge pipeline;

[0014] a heat exchanger, both the high-pressure hydrogen filling pipeline and the inert gas filling pipeline pass through the heat exchanger, and the high-pressure hydrogen is cooled into the high-pressure cryogenic hydrogen by the inert gas.

[0015] In some embodiments, the high-pressure cryogenic hydrogen and cryogenic medium composite storage system further includes:

[0016] a cryogenic medium filling port, which is sequentially connected to the second cavity through a cryogenic medium filling pipeline and a second inlet;

[0017] a cryogenic medium extraction port, which is sequentially connected to the second cavity through the cryogenic medium extraction pipeline and a second outlet, and along the flow direction of the cryogenic medium, a first solenoid valve and a first water bath heat exchanger are sequentially provided on the cryogenic medium extraction pipeline.

[0018] In some embodiments, the high-pressure cryogenic hydrogen and cryogenic medium composite storage system further includes a cryogenic medium discharge port, which is connected to the second cavity through a cryogenic medium discharge pipeline.

[0019] In some embodiments, the high-pressure cryogenic hydrogen and cryogenic medium composite storage system further includes:

[0020] A hydrogen intake port, the hydrogen intake port is communicated with the first cavity through a hydrogen intake pipeline. Along the flowing direction of the high-pressure and low-temperature hydrogen, a second solenoid valve, a first pressure reducing valve, a second water bath heat exchanger, and a second pressure reducing valve are sequentially arranged on the hydrogen intake pipeline.

[0021] In some embodiments, the high-pressure and low-temperature hydrogen and cryogenic medium composite storage system further includes: a self-pressurizing pipeline, both ends of the self-pressurizing pipeline are communicated with the second cavity, and the self-pressurizing pipeline passes through the first water bath heat exchanger and is provided with a third solenoid valve. The cryogenic medium is heated and vaporized through the first water bath heat exchanger and then returns to the second cavity to realize the pressurization in the second cavity.

[0022] In some embodiments, the high-pressure and low-temperature hydrogen and cryogenic medium composite storage system further includes:

[0023] A hydrogen overpressure discharge port, the hydrogen overpressure discharge port is sequentially connected to the first cavity through a first one-way valve and a safety valve group. The safety valve group includes a first safety valve and a second safety valve arranged in parallel;

[0024] and / or;

[0025] A cryogenic medium overpressure discharge port, the cryogenic medium overpressure discharge port is sequentially connected to the second cavity through a second one-way valve and a second rupture disk;

[0026] and / or;

[0027] An inert gas overpressure discharge port, the inert gas overpressure discharge port is sequentially connected to the third cavity through a third one-way valve and a third rupture disk.

[0028] In some embodiments, filters are provided on both the high-pressure hydrogen filling pipeline and the cryogenic medium filling pipeline.

[0029] Compared with the prior art, the high-pressure and low-temperature hydrogen and cryogenic medium composite storage tank and its system provided by the present invention have the following beneficial effects:

[0030] 1. The high-pressure cryogenic hydrogen and cryogenic medium composite storage tank and its system provided by the present invention are configured such that the tube bundle for containing high-pressure cryogenic hydrogen and the second cavity for containing the cryogenic medium are both arranged within the same tank. By filling the third cavity with an insulating gas, the isolation between the high-pressure cryogenic hydrogen and the cryogenic medium is achieved. Then, through the outermost vacuum cavity, adiabatic isolation from the external thermal environment is realized. The cold of the cryogenic medium can ensure the temperature stability of the high-pressure cryogenic hydrogen, guarantee a relatively high hydrogen storage density, and extend the hydrogen storage time. With a structure design of nested layers from the inside outwards, efficient composite storage of two substances within a limited space is achieved, occupying a small volume. Consequently, when transporting the two substances simultaneously, the number of transport vehicles can be reduced, thereby lowering the transportation cost. For example, simultaneous supply of hydrogen and oxygen can be realized, making it suitable for use in hydrogen fuel cell energy supply.

[0031] 2. The high-pressure cryogenic hydrogen and cryogenic medium composite storage tank and its system provided by the present invention are equipped with cryogenic adsorbents, hydrogen scavengers, and an insulating layer outside the inner tank for storing the cryogenic medium, which isolates the radiative heat leakage of the storage tank and is conducive to maintaining a long-term high-vacuum state in the vacuum cavity, thereby enhancing the performance of adiabatic isolation between the storage tank and the external thermal environment.

[0032] 3. The high-pressure cryogenic hydrogen and cryogenic medium composite storage tank and its system provided by the present invention filter the cryogenic medium and hydrogen injected into the system to prevent impurities from entering the system pipeline or the device for which the system is planned to supply energy, thus avoiding blockage and damage. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] The above characteristics, technical features, advantages, and their implementation manners of the present invention will be further described below in a clear and understandable manner in conjunction with the drawings in the preferred embodiments.

[0034] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the high-pressure cryogenic hydrogen and cryogenic medium composite storage system of the present invention.

[0035] Description of the reference numerals in the drawings:

[0036] High-pressure hydrogen filling port A, hydrogen extraction port B, gas isolation filling port C, second gas isolation discharge port D, cryogenic medium filling port E, high-pressure hydrogen discharge port F, hydrogen overpressure discharge port G, gas isolation discharge port H, gas isolation overpressure discharge port I, cryogenic medium discharge port J, cryogenic medium overpressure discharge port K, cryogenic medium extraction port L, tube bundle 1a, constant-temperature isolation inner tank 1b, cryogenic medium storage inner tank 1c, tank body 1d, heat exchanger 2, second water bath heat exchanger 3, first water bath heat exchanger 4, first stop valve 5a, second stop valve 5b, third stop valve 5c, fourth stop valve 5d, fifth stop valve 5e, sixth stop valve 5f, seventh stop valve 5g, eighth stop valve 5h, ninth stop valve 5i, tenth stop valve 5j, eleventh stop valve 5k, twelfth stop valve 5l, thirteenth stop valve 5m, fourteenth stop valve 5n, fifteenth stop valve 5o, sixteenth stop valve 5p, seventeenth stop valve 5q, eighteenth stop valve 5r, fourth check valve 6a, first check valve 6b, fifth check valve 6c, third check valve 6d, sixth check valve 6e, second check valve 6f, seventh check valve 6g, eighth check valve 6h, ninth check valve 6i, first rupture disk 7a, second rupture disk 7b, third rupture disk 7c, third pressure reducing valve 8a, first pressure reducing valve 8b, second pressure reducing valve 8c, first filter 9a, second filter 9b, full measurement port 10, third safety valve 11, first solenoid valve 12a, third solenoid valve 12b, fourth solenoid valve 12c, second solenoid valve 12d, first pressure sensor 13, second pressure sensor 14, third pressure sensor 15, first temperature sensor 16, second temperature sensor 17, liquid level sensor 18, hydrogen concentration sensor 19, first safety valve 20a, second safety valve 20b, vacuum gauge 21. Detailed implementation manners

[0037] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the specific implementation manners of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings, and other implementation manners can also be obtained.

[0038] To make the drawings concise, only the parts related to the invention are schematically shown in each drawing, and they do not represent the actual structure of the product. In addition, to make the drawings concise and easy to understand, in some drawings, components with the same structure or function are only schematically shown for one of them, or only one of them is marked. In this article, "one" not only means "only this one", but also means "more than one" situation.

[0039] It should also be further understood that the term "and / or" used in the specification and appended claims of the present application refers to any combination and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items, and includes these combinations.

[0040] In this text, it should be noted that unless otherwise clearly specified and defined, the terms "installed", "connected", and "coupled" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the communication inside two components. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0041] In addition, in the description of the present application, the terms "first", "second", etc. are only used for distinguishing descriptions and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0042] In one embodiment, as Figure 1 shown, this embodiment discloses a specific implementation manner of a composite storage tank for high-pressure low-temperature hydrogen and a low-temperature medium, which includes a tank body 1d and a constant-temperature isolation inner tank 1b arranged inside the tank body 1d. A tube bundle 1a is arranged inside the constant-temperature isolation inner tank 1b. The tube bundle 1a has a first cavity for accommodating high-pressure low-temperature hydrogen, and a first inlet and a first outlet for high-pressure low-temperature hydrogen are provided on the tube bundle 1a. It also includes a low-temperature medium storage inner tank 1c arranged between the constant-temperature isolation inner tank 1b and the tank body 1d. A vacuum cavity is formed between the low-temperature medium storage inner tank 1c and the tank body 1d. A second cavity for accommodating the low-temperature medium is formed between the low-temperature medium storage inner tank 1c and the constant-temperature isolation inner tank 1b, and a second inlet and a second outlet for the low-temperature medium are provided on the low-temperature medium storage inner tank 1c. A third cavity for accommodating the isolation gas is formed between the constant-temperature isolation inner tank 1b and the tube bundle 1a. The first cavity, the second cavity, the third cavity, and the vacuum cavity are not communicated with each other.

[0043] Specifically, the foregoing tube bundle 1a, constant-temperature isolation inner tank 1b, low-temperature medium storage inner tank 1c, and tank body 1d are sleeved together layer by layer from the inside out, and are connected by annular mounting plates between adjacent ones. The tube bundle 1a, constant-temperature isolation inner tank 1b, low-temperature medium storage inner tank 1c, and tank body 1d are all made of stainless steel. Among them, the annular mounting plates between the constant-temperature isolation inner tank 1b, the low-temperature medium storage inner tank 1c, and the tank body 1d are made of fiberglass, and the annular mounting plates between the tube bundle 1a and the constant-temperature isolation inner tank 1b are made of stainless steel or fiberglass.

[0044] Among them, the tube bundle 1a is composed of several stainless-steel thick-walled tubes that are interconnected inside and arranged in a honeycomb pattern, and is used to store high-pressure low-temperature hydrogen. The constant-temperature isolation inner tank 1b is a fully welded and airtight structure, so as to form a third cavity for accommodating the isolation gas between it and the tube bundle 1a, and further isolate the high-pressure low-temperature hydrogen from the low-temperature medium. In this embodiment, the isolation gas is nitrogen, and in other embodiments, the isolation gas can also be other inert gases. The low-temperature medium storage inner tank 1c is a stainless-steel low-temperature single-layer storage tank, so as to form a second cavity for storing the low-temperature medium between the low-temperature medium storage inner tank 1c and the constant-temperature isolation inner tank 1b. The low-temperature medium can be liquid nitrogen, liquid oxygen, liquid argon, liquefied natural gas, etc., which is determined according to the actual application scenario and will not be elaborated here. The tank body 1d is a closed stainless-steel storage tank, and a vacuum cavity that is evacuated is formed between it and the low-temperature medium storage inner tank 1c, thereby realizing the adiabatic isolation of the entire high-pressure low-temperature hydrogen and low-temperature medium composite storage tank from the external thermal environment.

[0045] As can be seen from the above embodiments, the composite storage function of the single tank body 1d is realized through the layered nested structure design, which occupies a small volume. Therefore, when transporting two substances simultaneously, the number of transport vehicles can be reduced, thereby reducing the transportation cost. At the same time, since both the tube bundle 1a and the low-temperature medium storage inner tank 1c are provided with outlets, the simultaneous supply of hydrogen and other common low-temperature media can be realized. For example, when the low-temperature medium is liquid oxygen and the inside of the tube bundle 1a is high-pressure low-temperature hydrogen, it is suitable for use in hydrogen fuel cell power supply.

[0046] In one embodiment, in order to maintain a long-term high vacuum at the vacuum cavity, a cryo-adsorbent is provided on the outer side of the low-temperature medium storage inner tank 1c, and a hydrogen getter is provided in the vacuum cavity. In this embodiment, the cryo-adsorbent is molecular sieve.

[0047] In one embodiment, in order to further isolate the radiative heat leakage, the high-pressure low-temperature hydrogen and low-temperature medium composite storage tank further includes a heat insulation layer wrapped around the outer side of the low-temperature medium storage inner tank 1c.

[0048] More preferably, the heat insulation layer is located outside the cryo-adsorbent, so as to ensure that the cryo-adsorbent is in a low-temperature state, thereby maintaining good adsorption performance.

[0049] In one embodiment, as Figure 1As shown, this embodiment discloses a specific implementation manner of a composite storage system for high-pressure low-temperature hydrogen and low-temperature medium. This embodiment includes any one of the composite storage tanks for high-pressure low-temperature hydrogen and low-temperature medium disclosed in the foregoing embodiments, and also includes a high-pressure hydrogen filling port A, an inert gas filling port C, an inert gas discharge port H, and a heat exchanger. Among them, the high-pressure hydrogen filling port A is sequentially connected to the first cavity through a high-pressure hydrogen filling pipeline and a first inlet, and the high-pressure hydrogen discharge port F is sequentially connected to the first cavity through a high-pressure hydrogen discharge pipeline and a first outlet. And a third pressure reducing valve 8a for reducing the high-pressure low-temperature gas to a safely dischargeable pressure is provided on the high-pressure hydrogen discharge pipeline. The inert gas filling port C is connected to the third cavity through an inert gas filling pipeline, and the inert gas discharge port H is connected to the third cavity through an inert gas discharge pipeline. Both the high-pressure hydrogen filling pipeline and the inert gas filling pipeline pass through the heat exchanger, and the high-pressure hydrogen is cooled into high-pressure low-temperature hydrogen by the inert gas.

[0050] In this embodiment, as Figure 1 shown, liquid nitrogen is introduced into the heat exchanger through the inert gas filling port C, and high-pressure hydrogen is introduced into the heat exchanger through the high-pressure hydrogen filling port A. Heat exchange is realized at the heat exchanger to pre-cool and cool the high-pressure hydrogen to the required temperature. The liquid nitrogen is heated to become nitrogen and stored in the third cavity. The obtained high-pressure low-temperature hydrogen sequentially passes through the high-pressure hydrogen filling pipeline and the first inlet, and finally is stored in the first cavity of the tube bundle 1a. By pre-cooling and cooling the high-pressure hydrogen to the required temperature in advance, the consumption of the cold quantity of the low-temperature medium during the subsequent storage process is reduced.

[0051] In this embodiment, as Figure 1 shown, a first stop valve 5a and a second stop valve 5b are also provided on the high-pressure hydrogen filling pipeline, and the first stop valve 5a and the second stop valve 5b are respectively located on both sides of the foregoing heat exchanger, that is, the high-pressure hydrogen enters the heat exchanger through the second stop valve 5b to be cooled to obtain high-pressure low-temperature hydrogen, and then enters the first cavity through the first stop valve 5a. Along the flow direction of the inert gas, a third stop valve 5c, a fifth stop valve 5e, and a sixteenth stop valve 5p are sequentially provided on the inert gas filling pipeline, wherein the third stop valve 5c and the fifth stop valve 5e are respectively located on both sides of the foregoing heat exchanger. A seventeenth stop valve 5q and a fourth one-way valve 6a are also provided on the high-pressure hydrogen discharge pipeline on both sides of the third safety valve 11, and the fourth one-way valve 6a is located between the third safety valve 11 and the high-pressure hydrogen discharge port F. Along the discharge direction, a fifteenth stop valve 5o and a fifth one-way valve 6c are also provided on the inert gas discharge pipeline.

[0052] Furthermore, it also includes a second isolation gas discharge port D, which is connected to the pipeline between the fifth stop valve 5e and the heat exchanger through the fourth stop valve 5d and the third safety valve 11 in sequence, so as to automatically release the pressure when the pressure on the isolation gas filling pipeline exceeds the safety range.

[0053] In one embodiment, Figure 1 As shown, the high-pressure low-temperature hydrogen and low-temperature medium composite storage system also includes a low-temperature medium filling port E and a low-temperature medium withdrawal port L. The low-temperature medium filling port E is connected to the second cavity through the low-temperature medium filling pipeline and the second inlet in sequence, and the low-temperature medium withdrawal port L is connected to the second cavity through the low-temperature medium withdrawal pipeline and the second outlet in sequence. Along the flow direction of the low-temperature medium, the low-temperature medium withdrawal pipeline is provided with a first solenoid valve 12a and a first water bath heat exchanger 4 in sequence.

[0054] The high-pressure, low-temperature hydrogen and low-temperature medium composite storage system also includes a self-pressurizing pipeline, both ends of which are connected to the second cavity, and the self-pressurizing pipeline passes through the first water bath heat exchanger 4 and is provided with a third solenoid valve 12b. The low-temperature medium is heated and vaporized by the first water bath heat exchanger 4 and then returns to the second cavity to achieve pressurization in the second cavity.

[0055] In this embodiment, when it is necessary to take low-temperature medium, the first solenoid valve 12a and the third solenoid valve 12b are opened, so that part of the low-temperature medium can pass through the first water bath heat exchanger 4 on the self-boosting pipeline to be heated and vaporized. After the volume expands, it is returned to the second cavity, which will squeeze the low-temperature medium stored in the second cavity into the low-temperature medium taking pipeline. Then, the squeezed low-temperature medium is heated and vaporized by the first water bath heat exchanger 4 and then sent out from the low-temperature medium taking port L, which can be used by the subsequent gas system.

[0056] Further, in order to achieve that a smaller amount of low-temperature medium is squeezed out of the second cavity, in one embodiment, Figure 1 As shown, the high-pressure, low-temperature hydrogen and low-temperature medium composite storage system also includes a micro-boosting pipeline, a first end of the micro-boosting pipeline is connected to the second cavity through a thirteenth stop valve 5m, and a second end of the micro-boosting pipeline is connected to the second cavity through a ninth stop valve 5i, and a fourth solenoid valve 12c is provided on the micro-boosting pipeline. When the high-pressure, low-temperature hydrogen and low-temperature medium composite storage system needs to supply a small amount of low-temperature medium to the subsequent gas use system, the above-mentioned self-boosting pipeline is not enabled, and the ninth stop valve 5i, the thirteenth stop valve 5m and the fourth solenoid valve 12c are opened, so that the low-temperature medium is vaporized in a small amount by flowing through the entire micro-boosting pipeline, and a small amount of low-temperature medium can be squeezed out of the second cavity after reflux.

[0057] In one embodiment, Figure 1As shown, the high-pressure and low-temperature hydrogen and cryogenic medium composite storage system further includes a seventh stop valve 5g, a ninth stop valve 5i, and an eleventh stop valve 5k. Among them, the seventh stop valve 5g is located on the cryogenic medium extraction pipeline and between the first water bath heat exchanger 4 and the cryogenic medium extraction port L. The eleventh stop valve 5k is located on the cryogenic medium filling pipeline. The cryogenic medium filling pipeline and the cryogenic medium extraction pipeline are jointly connected to the second cavity through the ninth stop valve 5i. A tenth stop valve 5j and a thirteenth stop valve 5m are also provided on the self-pressurizing pipeline. The tenth stop valve 5j is located between the first water bath heat exchanger 4 and the second cavity, and the thirteenth stop valve 5m is located between the second cavity and the third solenoid valve 12b, so as to facilitate the maintenance of the self-pressurizing pipeline.

[0058] In one embodiment, as Figure 1 shown, the high-pressure and low-temperature hydrogen and cryogenic medium composite storage system further includes a cryogenic medium discharge port J. The cryogenic medium discharge port J is connected to the second cavity through a cryogenic medium discharge pipeline. When it is necessary to discharge the cryogenic medium, it is carried out through the aforementioned cryogenic medium discharge pipeline and the cryogenic medium discharge port J. Specifically, along the discharge direction, a fourteenth stop valve 5n and a sixth one-way valve 6e are sequentially provided on the cryogenic medium discharge pipeline.

[0059] In one embodiment, as Figure 1 shown, the high-pressure and low-temperature hydrogen and cryogenic medium composite storage system further includes a hydrogen extraction port B. The hydrogen extraction port B is connected to the first cavity through a hydrogen extraction pipeline. Along the flow direction of the high-pressure and low-temperature hydrogen, a second solenoid valve 12d, a first pressure reducing valve 8b, a second water bath heat exchanger 3, and a second pressure reducing valve 8c are sequentially provided on the hydrogen extraction pipeline. While reducing the pressure of the high-pressure and low-temperature hydrogen to an appropriate range through secondary decompression and the second water bath heat exchanger 3, the gas temperature is increased, so that the supplied hydrogen can supply the backend system with a lower required gas pressure, expanding the use range of hydrogen.

[0060] Furthermore, a sixth stop valve 5f and an eighth stop valve 5h are also provided on the hydrogen extraction pipeline. Among them, the sixth stop valve 5f is located between the second pressure reducing valve 8c and the hydrogen extraction port B, and the eighth stop valve 5h is located between the second solenoid valve 12d and the first cavity, so as to facilitate the maintenance of the hydrogen extraction pipeline.

[0061] In one embodiment, as Figure 1As shown in the figure, the high-pressure and low-temperature hydrogen and low-temperature medium composite storage system further includes a hydrogen overpressure discharge port G. The hydrogen overpressure discharge port G is sequentially connected to the first cavity through a first one-way valve 6b and a safety valve group. The safety valve group includes a first safety valve 20a and a second safety valve 20b arranged in parallel. When the pressure in the first cavity exceeds the safe range, the safety valve group will automatically open to relieve pressure, improving the safety of the system. In this embodiment, by setting two safety valves, namely the first safety valve 20a and the second safety valve 20b, a double insurance effect is further achieved.

[0062] In one embodiment, as Figure 1 shown, the high-pressure and low-temperature hydrogen and low-temperature medium composite storage system further includes a low-temperature medium overpressure discharge port K. The low-temperature medium overpressure discharge port K is sequentially connected to the second cavity through a second one-way valve 6f and a second bursting disc 7b. When the pressure in the second cavity exceeds the safe range, the second bursting disc 7b will rupture to relieve pressure, improving the safety of the system. The second one-way valve 6f is used to prevent backflow.

[0063] In one embodiment, as Figure 1 shown, the high-pressure and low-temperature hydrogen and low-temperature medium composite storage system further includes an inert gas overpressure discharge port I. The inert gas overpressure discharge port I is sequentially connected to the third cavity through a third one-way valve 6d and a third bursting disc 7c. When the pressure in the third cavity exceeds the safe range, the third bursting disc 7c will rupture to relieve pressure, improving the safety of the system. The third one-way valve 6d is used to prevent backflow.

[0064] In one embodiment, as Figure 1 shown, filters are provided on both the high-pressure hydrogen filling pipeline and the low-temperature medium filling pipeline. Specifically, a first filter 9a is provided on the high-pressure hydrogen filling pipeline to filter impurities in the hydrogen, and a second filter 9b is provided on the low-temperature medium filling pipeline to filter impurities in the low-temperature medium, preventing impurities from entering the system pipeline or the devices for the planned energy supply of the system, thereby causing blockage and damage.

[0065] In one embodiment, as Figure 1 shown, the high-pressure and low-temperature hydrogen and low-temperature medium composite storage system further includes a vacuum failure discharge pipeline. The first end of the vacuum failure discharge pipeline is connected to the vacuum cavity, and the second end of the vacuum failure discharge pipeline is connected to the low-temperature medium overpressure discharge pipeline. Specifically, the second end of the vacuum failure discharge pipeline is located between the second bursting disc 7b and the second one-way valve 6f. A first bursting disc 7a and a seventh one-way valve 6g are also provided on the vacuum failure discharge pipeline. When there is a leak inside the high-pressure and low-temperature hydrogen and low-temperature medium composite storage tank and the vacuum in the vacuum cavity fails, the pressure in the vacuum cavity increases, causing the first bursting disc 7a to rupture, thereby realizing the release of the interlayer gas during vacuum failure and improving the safety of the system.

[0066] Further, in one embodiment, as Figure 1 shown, the vacuum failure discharge pipeline is further provided with a vacuum gauge 21 to real-time monitor the vacuum degree in the vacuum cavity.

[0067] In one embodiment, as Figure 1 shown, the high-pressure low-temperature hydrogen and low-temperature medium composite storage system further includes a full measurement port 10. The full measurement port 10 is communicated with the second cavity through a side full pipeline, and an eighteenth stop valve 5r and a twelfth stop valve 5l are provided on the side full pipeline. The eighteenth stop valve 5r is arranged on the side away from the second cavity of the twelfth stop valve 5l. When the second cavity is filled with the low-temperature medium through the low-temperature medium filling port E, the eighteenth stop valve 5r and the twelfth stop valve 5l are kept open, and whether the low-temperature medium is filled completely is judged through the full measurement port 10. After the filling is completed, the eighteenth stop valve 5r and the twelfth stop valve 5l are kept closed.

[0068] Further, in one embodiment, the high-pressure low-temperature hydrogen and low-temperature medium composite storage system further includes an eighth one-way valve 6h. The first end of the eighth one-way valve 6h is communicated with the pipeline between the eighteenth stop valve 5r and the twelfth stop valve 5l, and the second end of the eighth one-way valve 6h is communicated with the low-temperature medium overpressure discharge pipeline and is located between the second rupture disk 7b and the second cavity. When the pressure in the side full pipeline is too high, the second rupture disk 7b will rupture, so that the overflowing low-temperature medium is discharged through the second rupture disk 7b and the low-temperature medium overpressure discharge port K, improving the system safety.

[0069] In one embodiment, as Figure 1 shown, the high-pressure low-temperature hydrogen and low-temperature medium composite storage system further includes a ninth one-way valve 6i. The first end of the ninth one-way valve 6i is communicated with the pipeline between the ninth stop valve 5i and the first solenoid valve 12a, and the second end of the ninth one-way valve 6i is communicated with the low-temperature medium overpressure discharge pipeline and is located between the second rupture disk 7b and the second cavity. When the pressure in the pipeline between the ninth stop valve 5i and the first solenoid valve 12a is too high, the low-temperature medium can flow to the second rupture disk 7b through the ninth one-way valve 6i. When the pressure at the second rupture disk 7b exceeds the safety range, the second rupture disk 7b ruptures to realize the overpressure discharge of the low-temperature medium, avoiding damage to the pipeline between the ninth stop valve 5i and the first solenoid valve 12a.

[0070] In one embodiment, as Figure 1 shown, the high-pressure low-temperature hydrogen and low-temperature medium composite storage system further includes a first pressure sensor 13 arranged on the low-temperature medium extraction pipeline. The first pressure sensor 13 is used to monitor the pressure of the low-temperature medium after heating and gasification, improving the system safety.

[0071] In one embodiment, as Figure 1As shown, the high-pressure and low-temperature hydrogen and cryogenic medium composite storage system further includes a third pressure sensor 15 disposed on the hydrogen extraction pipeline, and the third pressure sensor 15 is used to monitor the pressure in the hydrogen extraction pipeline to improve the safety of the system.

[0072] In one embodiment, as Figure 1 shown, the high-pressure and low-temperature hydrogen and cryogenic medium composite storage system further includes a first temperature sensor 16 and a second pressure sensor 14 disposed on the tube bundle 1a to realize the monitoring of the hydrogen storage temperature and pressure.

[0073] In one embodiment, as Figure 1 shown, the high-pressure and low-temperature hydrogen and cryogenic medium composite storage system further includes a liquid level sensor 18 and a second temperature sensor 17 disposed at the second cavity. The liquid level sensor 18 is used to monitor the liquid level height of the cryogenic medium in the second cavity, so as to judge the amount of the remaining cryogenic medium for timely replenishment. The second temperature sensor 17 is used to monitor the temperature of the cryogenic medium. If the vacuum cavity is damaged, the temperature measured by the second temperature sensor 17 at the cryogenic medium will be higher than the safe range, so as to facilitate the timely discovery of the abnormality of the high-pressure and low-temperature hydrogen and cryogenic medium composite storage system.

[0074] In one embodiment, as Figure 1 shown, the high-pressure and low-temperature hydrogen and cryogenic medium composite storage system further includes a hydrogen concentration sensor 19 disposed at the third cavity, which is used to monitor whether there is hydrogen or cryogenic medium leakage in the third cavity.

[0075] Furthermore, in one embodiment, as Figure 1 shown, the high-pressure and low-temperature hydrogen and cryogenic medium composite storage system further includes an alarm device, and the alarm device is communicatively connected to the hydrogen concentration sensor 19. When the hydrogen concentration sensor 19 detects an abnormality, the alarm device alarms in time. In this embodiment, the alarm device is an audible and visual alarm.

[0076] Of course, the alarm device can also be communicatively connected to the aforementioned first temperature sensor 16, second temperature sensor 17, first pressure sensor 13, second pressure sensor 14, third pressure sensor 15, liquid level sensor 18, and vacuum gauge 21, so that when any sensor detects an abnormality, it can alarm and remind in time through the alarm device.

[0077] Furthermore, in one embodiment, the high-pressure and low-temperature hydrogen and cryogenic medium composite storage system further includes a monitoring unit, and the monitoring unit is communicatively connected to the alarm device. When the alarm device alarms, it synchronously transmits the alarm information to the monitoring unit.

[0078] The high-pressure and low-temperature hydrogen and cryogenic medium composite storage system disclosed in the present invention is applicable to hydrogen fuel cell power supply.

Claims

1. A high-pressure and low-temperature hydrogen and low-temperature medium composite storage tank, characterized in that, Comprising: A tank body and a thermostatic isolation inner tank disposed inside the tank body. A tube bundle is provided inside the thermostatic isolation inner tank. The tube bundle has a first cavity for accommodating high-pressure low-temperature hydrogen, and a first inlet and a first outlet for the high-pressure low-temperature hydrogen to pass through are provided on the tube bundle. It is characterized in that it further comprises: A low-temperature medium storage inner tank disposed between the thermostatic isolation inner tank and the tank body. A vacuum cavity is formed between the low-temperature medium storage inner tank and the tank body. A second cavity for accommodating the low-temperature medium is formed between the low-temperature medium storage inner tank and the thermostatic isolation inner tank, and a second inlet and a second outlet for the low-temperature medium to pass through are provided on the low-temperature medium storage inner tank; A third cavity for accommodating isolation gas is formed between the thermostatic isolation inner tank and the tube bundle; The first cavity, the second cavity, the third cavity and the vacuum cavity are not communicated with each other.

2. The high-pressure and low-temperature hydrogen and low-temperature medium composite storage tank according to claim 1, wherein A low-temperature adsorbent is provided on the outer side surface of the low-temperature medium storage inner tank, and a hydrogen scavenger is provided in the vacuum cavity.

3. The high-pressure and low-temperature hydrogen and low-temperature medium composite storage tank according to claim 1, wherein It further comprises a heat-insulating layer wrapped on the outer side surface of the low-temperature medium storage inner tank.

4. A high-pressure and low-temperature hydrogen and low-temperature medium composite storage system, characterized in that, Comprising the high-pressure low-temperature hydrogen and low-temperature medium composite storage tank according to any one of the preceding claims 1-3, it further comprises: A high-pressure hydrogen filling port, which is sequentially communicated with the first cavity through a high-pressure hydrogen filling pipeline and a first inlet; A high-pressure hydrogen discharge port, which is sequentially communicated with the first cavity through a high-pressure hydrogen discharge pipeline and a first outlet. A third pressure reducing valve is provided on the high-pressure hydrogen discharge pipeline; An isolation gas filling port, which is communicated with the third cavity through an isolation gas filling pipeline; An isolation gas discharge port, which is communicated with the third cavity through an isolation gas discharge pipeline; A heat exchanger, both the high-pressure hydrogen filling pipeline and the isolation gas filling pipeline pass through the heat exchanger, and the high-pressure hydrogen is cooled into the high-pressure low-temperature hydrogen by the isolation gas.

5. The high-pressure and low-temperature hydrogen and low-temperature medium composite storage system according to claim 4, wherein, It further comprises: A low-temperature medium filling port, which is sequentially communicated with the second cavity through a low-temperature medium filling pipeline and a second inlet; A low-temperature medium taking port, which is sequentially communicated with the second cavity through the low-temperature medium taking pipeline and a second outlet. Along the flow direction of the low-temperature medium, a first solenoid valve and a first water bath heat exchanger are sequentially provided on the low-temperature medium taking pipeline.

6. The high-pressure and low-temperature hydrogen and cryogenic medium composite storage system according to any one of claims 5, characterized in that, It further comprises a low-temperature medium discharge port, which is communicated with the second cavity through a low-temperature medium discharge pipeline.

7. The high-pressure and low-temperature hydrogen and low-temperature medium composite storage system according to claim 4, wherein It further comprises: A hydrogen taking port, which is communicated with the first cavity through a hydrogen taking pipeline. Along the flow direction of the high-pressure low-temperature hydrogen, a second solenoid valve, a first pressure reducing valve, a second water bath heat exchanger and a second pressure reducing valve are sequentially provided on the hydrogen taking pipeline.

8. The high-pressure and low-temperature hydrogen and low-temperature medium composite storage system according to claim 5, characterized in that It further comprises: A self-pressurizing pipeline, both ends of which are communicated with the second cavity, and the self-pressurizing pipeline passes through the first water bath heat exchanger and is provided with a third solenoid valve. The low-temperature medium is heated and vaporized by the first water bath heat exchanger and then returns to the second cavity to realize the pressurization in the second cavity.

9. The high-pressure and low-temperature hydrogen and low-temperature medium composite storage system according to claim 4, wherein It further comprises: A hydrogen overpressure discharge port, the hydrogen overpressure discharge port is sequentially connected to the first cavity through a first one-way valve and a safety valve group, and the safety valve group includes a first safety valve and a second safety valve arranged in parallel; and / or; A cryogenic medium overpressure discharge port, the cryogenic medium overpressure discharge port is sequentially connected to the second cavity through a second one-way valve and a second rupture disk; and / or; An inert gas overpressure discharge port, the inert gas overpressure discharge port is sequentially connected to the third cavity through a third one-way valve and a third rupture disk.

10. The high-pressure cryogenic hydrogen and cryogenic medium composite storage system according to claim 5, characterized in that: Filters are provided on both the high-pressure hydrogen filling pipeline and the cryogenic medium filling pipeline.

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