Environment-friendly water-based protection liquid for oil and gas energy development and testing method

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of energy development environment-friendly control materials, in particular to a stable protection liquid for energy exploitation and a testing method.The stable protection liquid for energy exploitation is prepared by adding a certain amount of the protection liquid into a conventional drilling fluid formula or adding bentonite to form a testing liquid, and performing a pulling-up conical connecting rod hammer height test on an annular cutter testing device; according to the method, water protection, filtration loss resistance and stratum pollution reduction are achieved, the method belongs to an energy exploitation material with a certain environment protection performance, energy is stabilized or protected, exploitation and development are promoted, the method has the effects of data quantification, convenience, accuracy and rapidness, and the method is suitable for popularization and application. The material has wide application in the field of energy exploitation or energy environment-friendly exploitation materials.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of environmental protection control and detection in energy development, and particularly to an environmentally friendly water-based protective fluid for oil and gas energy development and a method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In energy development (such as oil and gas drilling and production, geothermal energy development), environmentally friendly water-based protectants are designed to be biodegradable, low-toxic, and highly efficient, replacing traditional chemical agents to reduce pollution to groundwater resources and the ecological environment. The selection of environmentally friendly and green raw materials and technological innovation are particularly important. The environmental protection performance detection system and detection methods that meet international environmental protection standards (such as ISO 14000, EPA) are important bases for measuring environmental protection. Environmentally friendly water-based protectants, through green raw materials, precise detection, and intelligent applications, can significantly reduce the negative impact on water bodies and ecosystems while ensuring the efficiency of energy development. Existing drilling and production fluids or production materials have problems such as large filtration loss or filtration leakage polluting the formation, and existing drilling and production fluids also have the disadvantages of attenuation of wetting slipperiness or instability of cuttings-carrying ability. The above problems mainly occur because the existing drilling and production fluids lack protectants, or the polymers used in the existing production fluids have poor or absent water protection performance. For example, unstable water protection of polymers leads to fast water loss of drilling fluids, fast destruction of molecular structures, and fast viscosity degradation. The inorganic substances in drilling and production fluids have increased resistance or poor structural lubrication and rheological properties without the assistance of water-protecting polymeric organic substances, resulting in unstable production or leakage and penetration, damaging the production oil layer. Existing energy production materials lack protection or environmental protection control. In addition, existing protective additives for drilling and production fluids lack effective preparation and rapid effect evaluation methods, severely restricting the development of protective materials for drilling and production fluids. There is an urgent need to develop a highly efficient protective material for energy development and related methods. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To solve at least one of the above problems, the present invention provides a test method for the structural performance of an environmentally friendly water-based protective fluid for oil and gas energy development. First, add the protective agent solution of the present invention in a certain amount to a conventional drilling fluid formulation or add it to bentonite to form a test solution, and perform a test on the height of the lifting conical connecting rod hammer of the ring cutter test device. Then, remove the sealing partition of the ring cutter test device, and test the filtration loss through a filter loss instrument. Next, place the filter cake after testing the filtration loss on a conical force measuring table, lift the conical connecting rod hammer to a height that can cut through the conventional drilling filter cake and release it. The connecting rod hammer head cuts downward to the conical top part of the conical filter cake, and measure the distance of depression of the conical top of the conical filter cake.

[0004] The present invention also provides a test device for the structural performance of a protective liquid, a fluid loss agent, or an energy extraction material, which is characterized by comprising a conical force measuring platform, an annular cutting tool, a widened cavity, a conical frame, a conical hopper, a conical connecting rod hammer, and a support platform. The upper end of the annular cutting tool is connected to the widened cavity. The conical hopper is arranged in the widened cavity. The conical connecting rod hammer is arranged in the conical hopper. The support platform is arranged on one side of the conical hopper. The conical force measuring platform is arranged at the lower end of the annular cutting tool.

[0005] Preferably, the conical force measuring platform has a convex edge. The height of the convex edge from the cone top does not exceed the height of the annular cutting tool. The outer diameter of the convex edge does not exceed the inner diameter of the annular cutting tool so as to seamlessly embed the convex edge into the annular cutting tool. The convex edge is composed of a separable outer ring, a ringless convex edge, and a telescopic cone top. When the convex edge rises until its lower end enters the lower end part of the annular cutting tool, the outer ring of the convex edge is clamped into and thickens the annular cutting tool to cooperate with the downward cutting of the connecting rod hammer. Connected to the annular cutting tool is the widened cavity. A vertical pressing plate is arranged in the widened cavity. One end of a horizontally moving toothed plate that can pass through the widened cavity is connected to the pressing plate. The other end of the toothed plate is connected to a T-shaped gear outside the widened cavity. The T-shaped gear can drive the horizontally moving toothed plate and the pressing plate to move. A force measuring device or instrument is arranged on the pressing plate. The upper end of the widened cavity is connected to the conical frame. A conical hopper that can freely move up and down within a certain height along the conical frame is arranged in the conical frame. A conical connecting rod hammer that can move up and down within a certain height space in the conical hopper is arranged in the conical hopper. The upper conical end part of the conical connecting rod hammer is connected to the convex hanging torsion of the support platform through a connecting rod. A device for testing the vertical cutting force of the test hammer is arranged on the conical connecting rod hammer to test the cutting force or structural performance.

[0006] The beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0007] The protective agent of the present invention has the effect of protecting water or reducing fluid loss. Further, the effect of protecting water is realized at the molecular structure level. Further, through the complementarity of absorption and water protection, water absorption can promote enhanced water protection. Further, the inorganic substances and ordinary polymer organic substances in the drilling and production fluid assist in water protection and anti-fluid loss, enhancing the lubricity and permeability, and thus benefiting the stable drilling and production of the oil and gas layer. The synthesis of the present invention has a protective additive with a molecular structure. The protective liquid of the present invention has the effect of reducing the fluid loss amount, absorbing and protecting water or structurally absorbing and protecting water, reducing the infiltration of other energy extraction liquids into the formation and polluting the formation. At the same time, the component selection of the protective liquid material of the present invention is also an environmentally friendly and pollution-free material. The test data detection shows that the protective liquid of the present invention is a safe and environmentally friendly protective liquid. In addition, the use of water-based protective liquid or extraction liquid is a relatively environmentally friendly method compared to oil-based extraction liquid, and it also has the effect of reducing or preventing the infiltration of other liquids into the formation and polluting the formation or controlling environmental pollution. The further effect analysis principle process of the present invention is that the presence of the water absorption group and dodecyl acrylate in the invention, combined with the molecular structure of the present invention, enables the environmentally friendly water-based protective liquid for oil and gas energy development of the present invention to quickly absorb water and prevent water loss.

[0008] The present invention also provides an experimental test method for an environmentally friendly water-based protective liquid used in oil and gas energy development. This method can initially determine the effectiveness of the produced samples, and based on the judgment of the sample effectiveness, decide whether to proceed with the evaluation of the next-step effects. This method is simple and fast, can assist in guiding the production process, and can also reduce ineffective detection and evaluation, improving work efficiency.

[0009] The effect evaluation method for the environmentally friendly water-based protective liquid used in oil and gas energy development provided by the present invention can comprehensively calculate its pros and cons, and can quantify the data of the effect evaluation method, facilitating accurate, fast, and convenient results. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0010] Figure 1 : It is a partial molecular structure schematic diagram of the substance after the synthesis reaction of 3-methyl-3-buten-1-ol, alpha olefin sulfonate, and dodecyl acrylate of the present invention;

[0011] Figure 2 : It is a partial shape diagram of the electron microscope image obtained by electron microscope testing of the environmentally friendly water-based protective agent sample for oil and gas energy development of the present invention;

[0012] Figure 3 : It is an infrared spectrum diagram of the molecular compound in the emulsion of the present invention;

[0013] Figure 4 : It is a schematic diagram of the conical force measuring platform of the present invention;

[0014] Figure 5 : It is a schematic diagram of the hammer lifting state before the annular cutter test device cuts the filter cake;

[0015] Figure 6 : It is a schematic diagram of the convex edge structure where the outer ring of the conical top shrinks and detaches;

[0016] Figure 7 : It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the conical top cap;

[0017] Figure 8 : It is a schematic diagram of the thickened state of the structure after the annular cutter cuts the filter cake;

[0018] Figure 9 : It is a schematic diagram of the conical hopper of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 10 : It is a partial structure schematic diagram of the conical connecting rod hammer arranged inside the conical hopper;

[0020] Figure 11 : It is a partial structure schematic diagram inside the support plate frame;

[0021] Figure 12 : It is a schematic diagram of the state where the conical connecting rod hammer and the conical hopper descend together after the connecting rod passes through; Figure 13: Schematic diagram of the state where the tip of the hammer head of the connecting rod hammer penetrates the lower surface of the filter cake but does not exceed a certain distance and the conical hopper does not descend;

[0022] Figure 14 : Schematic diagram of the end tooth structure of the folding rod and the pressing plate connected by the T-shaped gear;

[0023] Figure 15 : Schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of the T-shaped gear. Detailed implementation mode

[0024] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments.

[0025] An environment-friendly water-based protective agent for oil and gas energy development, comprising dodecyl acrylate, α-olefin sulfonate, hyaluronic acid and at least substances that can constitute or achieve water protection or reduce fluid loss. · The components further include 3-methyl-3-buten-1-ol. The components are sequentially formed into substances with at least the following molecular structure pattern (Ⅰ) through esterification and addition reactions, as shown in Figure 1 It can be seen that the water-absorbing substance or structural substance or structural water-absorbing and protecting substance formed by esterifying hyaluronic acid with 3-methyl-3-buten-1-ol forms a compound after catalytic addition reaction with α-olefin sulfonate and dodecyl acrylate. As shown in Figure 2 By electron microscopy testing, a partial shape diagram of the electron micrograph of the environment-friendly water-based protective agent sample for oil and gas energy development of the present invention is obtained. In the electron micrograph, a long and thick chain-like substance surrounds a small grid-shaped figure. The shape of this electron microscope image shows that the interaction between α-olefin sulfonate and dodecyl acrylate in the compound molecule can cause dodecyl acrylate to form an arrangement around the molecular structure to achieve structural water protection. In the present invention, the α-olefin is preferably C14-C16 or sodium tetradecene sulfonate. In order to synthesize a single or stable hyaluronic acid with a certain rotation, the hyaluronic acid is an artificial synthetic product. Based on the above electron microscopy testing and the analysis of the experimental results of fluid loss testing, it is considered that the principle process is as follows: There is α-olefin sulfonate in the molecular structure. Under the low tension of α-olefin sulfonate, when hyaluronic acid absorbs water, α-olefin sulfonate cooperates to rapidly diffuse water within the molecule and promote dodecyl acrylate to form a cluster arrangement around the outside of the molecular structure. The hydrophilic part of sodium sulfate in α-olefin sulfonate faces hyaluronic acid, and the α-olefin part faces the outside of hyaluronic acid, thereby generating a structure in which dodecyl acrylate and α-olefin sulfonate surround the water-absorbing hyaluronic acid, and thus achieving the water protection effect at the molecular structure level. The protective agent of the present invention has good water absorption. From Figure 2Analyzing the structure with water-absorbing substances is limited in variation, i.e., the water-absorbing substances such as hyaluronic acid are limited in variation within the range of long chains as shown in the figure. Through the complementary functions of water absorption and water protection, the principle of the further effect of the present invention is to control water loss after water absorption and water protection to achieve the regulation of the surface property or wettability of the overall drilling and production fluid. Due to the arrangement of the long chains on the outer layer of the structure, the fluidity and traction of the overall liquid are increased. The process of analyzing the principle of the further effect of the present invention is that due to the presence of the water-absorbing groups and dodecyl acrylate designed in the present invention, combined with the molecular structure of the present invention, the environmentally friendly water-based protection fluid for oil and gas energy development of the present invention can achieve the complementary functions of rapid water absorption and water protection. After water absorption, it can promote enhanced water protection. The protective agent of the present invention, together with the inorganic substances and ordinary polymer organic substances in the drilling and production fluid, assists in water absorption, water protection and filtration loss resistance, highlighting the surface activity or wettability. Experiments show that the protective agent can be added to bentonite or water to form a protection fluid or a drilling fluid. For example, a protection fluid or a drilling fluid can be formed by 0.5% protective agent + 6% sodium-based bentonite. Preferably, the protective agent of the present invention is added to the conventional drilling fluid at 0.5% to form a protection fluid or be used as a drilling fluid. (Conventional drilling and production fluid formula: 4% sodium-based bentonite +

[0026] 0.2% Na2CO3 + 0.1% - 0.2% NaOH + 0.1% - 0.2% FA-367 + 0.3% - 0.4% PAM + 0.3% - 0.4% CMC + 1% low-fluorescence lubricant) The experimental test results show that the result of testing the storage modulus of the drilling fluid by a rheometer shows an increase of 12.3% compared with that before adding the protective agent of the present invention, indicating an increase in its elasticity. The water protection and the long-chain structure on the outside are beneficial to the increase of wettability and elasticity. At the same time, the formed protection fluid or drilling fluid with 0.5% protective agent is tested by the general fluid loss test method in the art. The filter press is preferably a medium-pressure filter press of the KC-NS type. The test data of the fluid loss experiment show a reduction of 21% compared with that before adding the protective agent. From the test data, it can be seen that at least 21% water protection effect is achieved, or further, up to 21% effect is generated by the complementary functions of absorption and water protection. This shows that the present invention has the effect of reducing the infiltration of other production fluids into the formation through fluid loss and polluting the formation, and belongs to a material with certain environmental protection performance. Further, the reduction of fluid loss is beneficial to the stability of the wellbore, which is conducive to preventing the collapse of the wellbore or the energy production formation, or is beneficial to reducing pollution and protecting the production formation. The on-site use data of Yinmouran Company show that the on-site construction stability rate is as high as 99%. Through tracer monitoring of the adjacent formation for no less than 10 times, no trace components of the above-mentioned structural substances or conventional formula liquids are detected, and the above-mentioned effects are also verified by on-site case data. Further, the substances of the present invention also have surface activity, wettability or structural compressive shear resistance, which are beneficial to improving the production efficiency.

[0027] The following provides a test method for the protective fluid, fluid loss agent, or structural performance of drilling fluid to at least achieve the effect of testing or evaluating the penetration force of undercutting of an energy development material to evaluate the thickness, or testing the distance of depression of the cone top of a conical filter cake to evaluate the elastic structure, or the pressure exerted by the cutter on the force measuring platform, etc. This method is used for the performance testing of any elastic water protection material, structural material, or fluid loss agent with elasticity for energy development. The following takes the protective fluid of the present invention as an example for illustration. First, add a certain amount of the protective agent fluid of the present invention to a conventional drilling fluid formulation or add bentonite to form a test fluid. First, conduct a test on the height of the lifting conical connecting rod hammer of the ring cutter test device. Then, remove the sealing partition of the ring cutter test device and test the fluid loss volume through a fluid loss instrument. For example, Figures 4-6 , then place the filter cake after testing the fluid loss volume on the conical force measuring platform ZXCLT, lift the conical connecting rod hammer to a height that can penetrate the conventional drilling filter cake and release it. The connecting rod hammer head cuts downward towards the cone top part of the conical filter cake, measure the distance of depression of the cone top of the conical filter cake, or record the penetration force around the ring cutter HZQD of the filter cake.

[0028] Furthermore, the convex edge cooperates with the ring cutter to cut the filter cake into a cone shape. For example, Figure 7 , press and contract the retractable cone top into the diameter of the body, so that the convex edge pushes the cut conical filter cake including the bottom of the filter cake into the widened cavity. Then, the convex edge or the non-ring convex edge moves downward, preferably to a height not exceeding the lower plane of the widened cavity or the end lower plane of the cone top and the widened cavity. Further, for example, Figure 8 , when the bottom of the convex edge rises to be flush with the upper end face of the ring cutter, the outer ring of the convex edge is embedded into the ring cutter to form a thickened lower end part of the cutter during rising. Place the thickened ring cutter device after pressing and cutting on a stand or an iron stand that can be fixed outside the ring cutter. Further, after the test is completed, compress the upper half of the cutter or pull down the clamp forcefully with the outer ring of the ring cutter to make it return to the non-ring convex edge.

[0029] The specific description of the test on the height of the lifting conical connecting rod hammer is as follows. It is required to form a filter cake by testing the conventional drilling fluid according to the standards of GB / T5005 - 2010 and SYT 6865 - 2021. Preferably, the thickness of the filter cake formed under medium pressure and normal temperature conditions does not exceed 3 mm. According to the above requirements, the height of the lifting conical connecting rod hammer is tested to be 3 - 5 cm.

[0030] When testing the filter cake with a ring cutter, remove the sealing partition plate, lift the conical connecting rod hammer to a height where it can cut through the conventional drilling filter cake and release it. The connecting rod hammer head cuts downward to the conical top part of the conical filter cake, and measure the distance of depression at the conical top of the conical filter cake. The less the downward distance, the more likely the filter cake has a stronger structure, especially an elastic structure. For example, when the filter cake formed by adding the protective liquid of the present invention at 0.5% to the conventional drilling fluid drops by 8 mm, it further shows that the protective liquid of the present invention has the performance of resisting shear extrusion deformation and leakage during drilling and production, further enhancing the production stability and the performance of protecting against leakage and pollution of the formation. Under the same conditions, the filter cake formed by the conventional drilling fluid without adding the protective liquid drops 7 mm less, and the filter cake formed by the conventional drilling fluid without adding the protective liquid penetrates more than 13 mm. Further, if the device for measuring the vertical cutting force of the test hammer set on the connecting rod hammer shows a larger data, it further confirms that the filter cake has a stronger structure;

[0031] Further, as Figure 13 , when the tip of the hammer head of the connecting rod hammer penetrates the lower surface of the filter cake but does not exceed a certain distance and the connecting rod does not touch the convex hanging twist or the conical bucket does not descend and the pressing plate does not push and bend the filter cake for testing. If the tip of the hammer head of the connecting rod hammer penetrates the lower surface of the filter cake by more than 13 mm, the support rod is activated through the plate frame pressing plate. For example, when testing the filter cake formed by the conventional drilling fluid without adding the protective liquid and the filter cake drops by 15 mm, the connecting rod touches the convex hanging twist and disengages from the hanging rod. After the spring drives the plate frame to return, as Figure 12 shown, the support rod ZCG can pass through the plate frame and cooperate with the conical connecting rod hammer to descend until the conical bucket moves downward together. The folding rod ZG of the downward moving conical bucket drives the vertical pressing plate to horizontally press and shear the filter cake to at least test the press-cutting property or press-cutting bending property of the filter cake from the penetration opening, measure the size of the press-cutting deformation data or observe the data size of the force measuring device on the pressing plate. The larger the data, the more certain press-cutting resistance exists; when testing the filter cake formed by the conventional drilling fluid without adding the protective liquid, the filter cake is compressed by 6 mm by the pressing plate, and the pressing plate pressure data is 2.3 N. According to production experience, if the compression exceeds 1.5 mm and the pressure data is less than 2, it is generally considered that the data is small and the filter cake structure is soft.

[0032] Furthermore, the larger the data of the cutting-through force test device, the higher the thickness or hardness of the cross-section of the conical filter cake. If the connecting rod hammer head fails to cut through the filter cake and the distance of the depression of the conical top of the conical filter cake is less, it indicates that the structure of the filter cake is stronger, and the material or texture of the filter cake is dense. If the filter cake is cut by the pressing plate and the descending distance is less, the structure is stronger, and the material or texture of the filter cake is more dense and excellent; if the connecting rod hammer head cuts through the filter cake and the data of the force measuring device on the pressing plate is larger, it indicates that the material texture is soft but has a certain viscosity; if the connecting rod hammer head cuts through the filter cake and the data of the force measuring device on the pressing plate is relatively small, and the force measuring data on the pressing plate is less than the data under the same conditions of conventional drilling fluid, it indicates that the structure of the filter cake is poor and the texture is soft, which may affect the safety and environmental protection of the oil and gas energy formation.

[0033] Therefore, the protective agent material of the present invention belongs to a structural material or a structural water-absorbing and water-protecting material. The present invention is beneficial to stable drilling and production, can protect the oil and gas layers during exploitation, or has the function of reducing liquid leakage and reducing large fluid loss or leakage pollution of other liquids to the formation. The protective agent further has wettability or anti-cutting pressure resistance, which is also beneficial to accelerating exploitation; preferably, trans-p-coumaric acid can be used to replace hyaluronic acid. If it is used in low-temperature energy development such as oil and gas development, trans-p-coumaric acid can also be used to at least partially replace hyaluronic acid. If it is only used for protecting water in the drilling fluid of conventional fracturing exploitation, a hydrophobically associating polymer with a molecular weight greater than 800,000 known in the art can be used to replace the substance of formula (Ⅰ).

[0034] A test device for the structural performance of a protective fluid or a fluid loss agent or an energy exploitation material, which at least realizes the mechanical test borne by the force measuring platform, that is, a ring cutter test device. The device includes a conical force measuring platform ZXCLT, a ring cutter HZQD, a widened cavity JKQ, a conical frame ZXKJ, a conical hopper ZXD, a conical connecting rod hammer ZXLGC, and a support platform. The upper end of the ring cutter HZQD is connected to the widened cavity JKQ. The conical hopper ZXD is arranged in the widened cavity JKQ. The conical connecting rod hammer ZXLGC is arranged in the conical hopper ZXD. A support platform is arranged on one side of the conical hopper ZXD. The lower end of the ring cutter HZQD is provided with a conical force measuring platform. Preferably, a force measuring instrument is arranged at the bottom of the force measuring platform to test the mechanical test borne by the cutter.

[0035] The following details the structural composition of the ring cutter test device. Preferably, a cutting-through force test device is provided at the bottom of the force measuring platform to evaluate the thickness or hardness of the cut surface of the conical filter cake. There is a convex edge TY on the conical force measuring platform. The height of the convex edge TY from the cone top does not exceed the height of the ring cutter, and the outer diameter of the convex edge does not exceed the inner diameter of the ring cutter to achieve seamless embedding of the convex edge into the ring cutter. Preferably, the convex edge is composed of a separable outer ring WH, a body BT or a non-ring convex edge, and a telescopic cone top SSZD. When the convex edge rises until its lower end enters the lower end of the ring cutter, the outer ring WH of the convex edge is snapped into and thickens the ring cutter to cooperate with the connecting rod hammer for downward cutting. Connected to the ring cutter is a widened cavity JKQ. Preferably, a vertical pressure plate SZYB is provided in the widened cavity JKQ. One end of a horizontal moving toothed plate that can pass through the widened cavity is connected to the pressure plate, and the other end of the toothed plate is connected to a T-shaped gear outside the widened cavity. The T-shaped gear can drive the horizontal moving toothed plate and the pressure plate to move. A force measuring device or instrument is provided on the pressure plate. Preferably, the upper half of the widened cavity or the ring cutter is made of a transparent and elastic plastic. Preferably, such as Figures 6-8 The telescopic cone top can be retracted at least within the diameter of the body. The telescopic cone top is composed of two half-cone surfaces. After contraction, the two half-cone surfaces overlap at the upper end of the cone top, and there is a binding wire or ring at the folded part. When the two half-cone surfaces are pulled apart, they can form a cone top, such as Figure 4 , when the ring cutter cuts, the cone top is in the pulled-open state, such as Figure 6 , after cutting is completed, the cone top can be pressed to contract. In order to form a more uniform conical filter cake, the filter cake after testing the fluid loss can be first placed on the pulled-open convex edge cone top, such as Figure 7 , and a cone top cap ZDM is placed on the convex edge to press a uniform conical filter cake. The cone of the cone top cap is larger than the cone of the pulled-open convex edge.

[0036] Such as Figure 8 As shown, the upper end of the widened cavity is connected to a conical frame ZXKJ, such as Figure 9 As shown, a conical hopper ZXD that can move freely up and down within a certain height of the conical frame is provided inside the conical frame, such as Figure 10 , a conical connecting rod hammer ZXLGC that can move up and down within a certain height space inside the conical hopper is provided inside the conical hopper, such as Figures 11-12, The conical upper end of the conical connecting rod hammer ZXLGC is connected to the convex hanging torsion TXGN of the support platform through the connecting rod LJG. The upper end of the conical hopper is provided with a support rod ZCG to connect the support circular plate ZCYB or through the plate frame TGBK. The support platform includes a support plate frame ZCBK, a conical hopper support rod blocking plate ZZB. The lower end of the support plate frame is the conical hopper support rod blocking plate. The upper layer of the support plate frame is provided with a hanging rod GG for hanging the convex hanging torsion hook. The lower layer of the support plate frame is the support rod ZCG. Springs TH are sequentially connected from left to right in the middle. The support circular plate ZCYB for the conical hopper support rod, the through plate frame TGBK through which the conical hopper support rod passes, the convex hanging torsion TXGN, and the connecting rod plate frame LJGBK through which the connecting rod LJG passes. By pulling the convex hanging torsion, the spring is stretched and the convex hanging torsion is hooked on the hanging rod. At this time, the support circular plate can support and prevent the support rod from passing through. When the convex hanging torsion is pressed to disengage from the hanging rod, the spring drives the through plate frame to contract to enable the support rod to pass through. At the same time, the connecting rod plate frame also contracts and returns to enable the connecting rod to pass through (see Figure 12 ). Preferably, the distance between the support plate frame and the conical hopper support rod blocking plate does not exceed two-thirds of the radius of the annular cutting tool. The upward lifting distance of the conical connecting rod hammer is set with a top limit, generally selected as 3 - 5 cm. The free fall distance of the conical connecting rod hammer when lifted to the highest point is limited by the conical hopper or the convex hanging torsion after the hook. When the conical connecting rod hammer is partially lifted to the highest point and then descends before being restricted by the conical hopper, the distance to the bottom of the convex hanging torsion after hooking does not exceed the height of the cone of the conical force measuring platform. When the conical connecting rod hammer partially descends to the lowest point, it can touch the convex hanging torsion to disengage from the hanging rod, as Figure 12 . The conical connecting rod hammer and the conical hopper descend together through the contracted through plate frame. The maximum distance is limited by the conical hopper support rod blocking plate or the conical frame. When the conical connecting rod hammer is not lifted, the convex hanging torsion is hooked on the hanging rod. A partition plate of the same size as the convex hanging torsion area is placed on the hanging rod to prevent the connecting rod from touching the convex hanging torsion and disengaging from the hanging rod. At this time, the support circular plate supports the support rod and keeps the conical hopper in a certain position and stationary.

[0037] Preferably, a device or sensor for testing the vertical cutting force of the test hammer is provided on the conical connecting rod hammer to test the cutting force. The conical hopper can freely rise upward by a certain distance. The distance of the conical hopper freely descending downward does not exceed two-thirds of the radius of the annular cutting tool. The distance of the conical connecting rod hammer freely descending downward in the conical hopper does not exceed the height of the cone of the conical force measuring platform or does not exceed 12 mm (the thickness of the conical filter cake is originally less than the height of the cone of the conical force measuring platform, that is, the height of the cone formed by the conical force measuring platform for the conical mud cake is much greater than the thickness of the conical filter cake. Preferably, the distance of the conical connecting rod hammer freely descending downward in the conical hopper is 9 - 12 mm). A downward folding rod is provided outside the upper port of the conical hopper, as Figures 14-15, the end of the folding rod is connected to the T-shaped gear and can drive the T-shaped gear to move. Corresponding teeth are provided at the ends of the folding rod and the pressing plate connected to the T-shaped gear, and a gear movable fixing part is provided on the T-shaped gear; the device has a simple structure, is easy to operate, or is easy to apply in the field of oil and gas exploitation, is easy to promote, and has a wide range of uses in the field of oil and gas exploitation or environmental protection materials.

[0038] On the basis of the above description, the following further describes a component of an environmentally friendly water-based protective agent for oil and gas energy development. The component further includes water, trans, cis-2,6-nonadienal, white oil, ethanol, span 80. React the component water, variable water-absorbing substance, dodecyl acrylate, alpha olefin sulfonate, trans, cis-2,6-nonadienal, white oil, ethanol, span 80 to form an emulsion-type compound. The addition of the trans, cis-2,6-nonadienal can accelerate the chemical reaction and strengthen the strength of the molecular chain composed of the variable water-absorbing substance, dodecyl acrylate, and alpha olefin sulfonate.

[0039] The following describes a preparation method of an environmentally friendly water-based protective agent for oil and gas energy development according to the present invention. React dodecyl acrylate, C14 olefin sulfonate, No. 10 white oil, ethanol, span 80, hyaluronic acid, 3-methyl-3-buten-1-ol according to the required quality to form an emulsion with water protection function. It should be noted that in order to ensure the identity or stability of the materials used in large-scale industrial production on site and the stable safety of on-site construction, the hyaluronic acid in the present invention is preferably hyaluronic acid synthesized in large quantities or produced at the industrial level, and natural hyaluronic acid is not selected without special instructions, and the Ketone Source brand model is preferred.

[0040] First, weigh hyaluronic acid and 3-methyl-3-buten-1-ol according to a molar ratio of 1:1 and dissolve them in water to form a 50% aqueous solution. Add 5-8% concentrated sulfuric acid by mass percentage, and react at 80-105 °C for 3-8 h, then dry and crush to form a variable water-absorbing substance, preferably at 85 °C for 5 hours, or the substance is multi-branched hyaluronic acid. Then, dissolve the water-absorbing substance, ethanol, trans, cis-2,6-nonadienal, dodecyl acrylate, and alpha olefin sulfonate in 100 g of water according to a mass ratio of 20:10:2:1:1 and stir to form an aqueous solution. Mix No. 10 white oil and span 80 according to a mass ratio of 80:3 to form a 200 g oil solution. Pour the aqueous solution into the oil solution under high-speed shear stirring at no less than 800 revolutions per minute and shear for 20-40 minutes to form a microemulsion; secondly, add 2% potassium persulfate and 5% vitamin C to the microemulsion, and stir and heat to 30-60 °C to catalyze the addition reaction for 4-8 h to form an emulsion-type molecular compound.

[0041] Take the above compound sample, dissolve 5% of the solution with methanol and water in a ratio of 1:1, then coat it on a potassium bromide tablet, and use an FTIR infrared spectrometer to test the infrared spectrum diagram, asFigure 2 It can be seen that there is no peak in the spectrogram at the position of 1670 - 1640 cm -1 which indicates that the carbon-carbon double bond is opened. Multiple peaks appear at the position of 2800 - 3000 cm -1 confirming the presence of carbon long chains, their alkyl groups and methyl groups in the molecule. A broad peak appears at the position of 1680 - 1740 cm -1 indicating the presence of ester substances. From the above, it can be seen that the method of the present invention synthesizes the substances required in the present invention. In addition, from the above, it can be seen that the method steps of the present invention are few and easy to operate, and the method of the present invention has the effects of being simple, fast and efficient.

[0042] The following describes an experimental test method for the environmental protection water-based protective agent for oil and gas energy development or the effects of other extraction liquids or the water absorption protection effect. First, dissolve sodium C14 - C16 olefin sulfonate in water to form a 0.1% aqueous solution, and use a ZL-10 type surface tension meter to measure the surface tension of the aqueous solution at room temperature as B1 = 39 mN·m -1 , dissolve the environmental protection water-based protective agent for oil and gas energy development in water to form a 0.1% aqueous solution, and measure its surface tension; secondly, convert its tension value into the surface tension value B2 = 58 mN·m when the environmental protection water-based protective liquid for oil and gas energy development contains 0.1% equivalent of α-olefin sulfonate -1 , by comparing the tensions of B2 and B1, and evaluating the effects of the detected environmental protection water-based protective agent samples for oil and gas energy development, or the surface wettability and permeability, or judging the production quality effects and whether to conduct the next evaluation of the effects of the environmental protection water-based protective liquid for oil and gas energy development through formula (Ι) or the tension evaluation formula. The formula or the evaluation tension formula (Ι) is In the formula, 40 / 50 is the coefficient obtained by calculating the magnitudes of the tensions in different states of the substance through experiments. When the calculation result does not conform to formula (Ⅰ), the next evaluation of the effects of the environmental protection water-based protective liquid for oil and gas energy development may not be selected. When the calculation result does not conform to the formula (Ι), it is necessary to resample or judge that the production quality does not meet the requirements. From the calculation by formula (Ι), 39 ≤ 45.4. Therefore, the samples produced by the experimental test method of the present invention are effective and the next effect evaluation can be carried out. This method is simple and fast, can assist in guiding the production process, and can also reduce ineffective detection and evaluation, improving work efficiency. The present invention can also be used for the experimental test of the water absorption protection effect of the extraction liquid containing surfactants or polymers. During the test, replace the protective agent with a surfactant or polymer, and the other method steps are as above.

[0043] Further, for the experimental test method of the environmental protection water-based protective agent or other extraction liquids used in oil and gas energy development for absorbing and protecting water, the evaluation process of the effect of the environmental protection water-based protective liquid used in oil and gas energy development is as follows: First, put 10 g of industrial-grade hyaluronic acid into 30 g of water, absorb water for 3 minutes, then filter and weigh it, and the mass is M1 = 13 g. Calculate and weigh 10 g of the environmental protection water-based protective liquid used in oil and gas energy development, put it into 30 g of water, absorb water for 3 minutes, then filter and weigh it, and the mass is M2 = 15 g. Then, put the industrial-grade hyaluronic acid with a weight of M1 = 13 g and the environmental protection water-based protective liquid with a weight of M2 = 17 g into a 60 °C blast drying oven and dry for 30 minutes, and then weigh the hyaluronic acid and the environmental protection water-based protective liquid respectively to obtain the values M11 = 5 g and M21 = 10 g. By comparing the magnitudes of the values of M1, M2, M11, and M21, and comprehensively calculating and evaluating its effect through formulas (Ⅱ), (Ⅲ), and (Ⅳ).

[0044] Furthermore, for an experimental test method of an environmental protection water-based protective agent or other extraction liquids used in oil and gas energy development for absorbing and protecting water, when the calculations of M1, M2, M11, and M21 conform to any one of (Ⅱ), (Ⅲ), and (Ⅳ), it is judged to be effective. When the calculation results conform to any two of (Ⅱ), (Ⅲ), and (Ⅳ), it is judged to have the conditions for use. The following are the formulas of (Ⅱ), (Ⅲ), and (Ⅳ): (Ⅱ): (Ⅲ): (Ⅳ)

[0045] Calculated from the above formulas, the evaluation data of the protective agent of the present invention shows that it conforms to the conditions of formulas (Ⅱ) and (Ⅲ). Therefore, this protective agent not only has the effect of rapid water absorption and water protection effect, but also has other conditions for use and can be used.

[0046] The above formulas are obtained by calculating the ratio of water absorption and water loss efficiency through experiments under different physical conditions of substances. Through the above formulas, the comprehensive calculation of its effect can be realized, and the effect evaluation method data can be quantified, which has the effects of being convenient, accurate, and fast.

[0047] The following describes the test of the environmental protection or environmental control protection of the protective agent or protective liquid of the present invention. According to GB / T 18420.2-2009, the 96h-LC50 value of the protective agent or liquid for Artemia is measured to be 920000 mg·L －1 , far exceeding the allowable value of biological toxicity specified in the national standard (30000 mg.L －1 ), indicating that the prepared protective agent basically has no biological toxicity; according to SY / T 6788-2020, the BOD55 / COD of the protective agent or fluid loss reducer is measured Cr(The ratio of five-day biochemical oxygen demand to chemical oxygen demand) is 0.38, which is greater than 0.1 specified in the industry standard. This indicates that the prepared fluid loss reducer has good biodegradability and belongs to environmentally friendly materials. As can be seen from the previous text, the protective fluid of the present invention has the effects of reducing fluid loss, absorbing and protecting water or structurally absorbing and protecting water, and reducing the infiltration of liquids from other energy exploitations into the formation to pollute the formation. The protective agent has the benefit of environmental protection, which is conducive to the energy-saving and environmental-friendly development of energy. At the same time, the component selection of the protective fluid material of the present invention is also an environmentally friendly and pollution-free material. The above data detection shows that the protective fluid of the present invention is a safe and environmentally friendly protective fluid. In addition, the use of water-based protective fluid or exploitation liquid is a relatively environmentally friendly way compared with oil-based exploitation liquid, and it also has the effect of reducing or preventing the infiltration of other liquids into the formation to pollute the formation.

[0048] The above is only the preferred specific embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, according to the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, making equivalent substitutions or changes, should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A test method for the structural properties of an environmentally friendly water-based protective fluid used in oil and gas energy development, characterized in that, First, add the protective agent liquid of the present invention in a certain amount to a conventional drilling fluid formulation or add it to bentonite to form a test fluid. Conduct a test on the height of the lifting conical connecting rod hammer of the ring cutter test device. Then, remove the sealing partition plate of the ring cutter test device, test the filtration loss through a filter loss instrument. Next, place the filter cake after testing the filtration loss on the conical force measuring platform, lift the conical connecting rod hammer to the height at which it can cut through the conventional drilling filter cake and release it. The connecting rod hammer head cuts downward to the conical top part of the conical filter cake, and measure the distance of the depression of the conical top of the conical filter cake.

2. A testing device for the structural properties of a protective liquid, a fluid loss agent, or an energy extraction material, characterized in that It includes a conical force measuring platform, a ring cutter, a widened cavity, a conical frame, a conical hopper, a conical connecting rod hammer, and a support platform. The upper end of the ring cutter is connected to the widened cavity. The conical hopper is arranged in the widened cavity. The conical connecting rod hammer is arranged in the conical hopper. The support platform is arranged on one side of the conical hopper. The conical force measuring platform is arranged at the lower end of the ring cutter.

3. A testing device for the structural properties of a protection fluid, a fluid loss agent, or an energy extraction material according to claim 2, characterized in that, There is a convex edge on the conical force measuring platform. The height of the convex edge conical top does not exceed the height of the ring cutter, and the outer diameter of the convex edge does not exceed the inner diameter of the ring cutter to achieve seamless embedding of the convex edge into the ring cutter. The convex edge is composed of a separable outer ring, a ringless convex edge, and a telescopic conical top. When the convex edge rises until its lower end enters the lower end part of the ring cutter, the outer ring of the convex edge is clamped into and thickens the ring cutter to cooperate with the downward cutting of the connecting rod hammer. Connected to the ring cutter is the widened cavity. A vertical pressing plate is arranged in the widened cavity. One end of a horizontal moving toothed plate that can pass through the widened cavity is connected to the pressing plate. The other end of the toothed plate is connected to a T-shaped gear outside the widened cavity. The T-shaped gear can drive the horizontal moving toothed plate and the pressing plate to move. A force measuring device or instrument is arranged on the pressing plate. The upper end of the widened cavity is connected to the conical frame. A conical hopper that can freely move up and down within a certain height of the conical frame is arranged in the conical frame. A conical connecting rod hammer that can move up and down within a certain height space in the conical hopper is arranged in the conical hopper. The conical upper end part of the conical connecting rod hammer is connected to the convex hanging twist of the support platform through a connecting rod. A device for testing the vertical cutting force of the test hammer is arranged on the conical connecting rod hammer to test the cutting force or structural performance.

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