Reversible solid oxide fuel cell voltage regulation test method

Abstract

The invention relates to a reversible solid oxide fuel cell voltage regulation test method. A normal pressure or high pressure mode and an SOFC or SOEC mode can be selected as required; under normal pressure, gas is introduced and heated in an SOFC mode, the power is controlled through an electronic load, and tail gas is cooled and directly exhausted; the electrolysis power is controlled through a direct-current power supply in an SOEC mode under normal pressure, and the yield is measured after gas tail gas is cooled and treated; in the high-pressure mode, the system firstly enters a pressurization stage, a fuel gas tail gas direct exhaust flow path is closed, fuel gas and air exhaust back pressure valve pressure linkage is achieved through a bypass branch, air is introduced into a cabin section for pressurization, multi-back pressure valve linkage is used for controlling the exhaust pressure so as to stabilize pressurization, after pressurization is completed, fuel gas is introduced through fuel gas electrode switching, the bypass branch is closed, and then the system enters the SOFC or SOEC mode. The method can meet different positive pressure test requirements, a complete control strategy is adopted to provide continuous and stable pressure, the cathode and anode pressure difference is reduced to protect the battery, and a bypass pipeline and a valve can avoid two-pole pressure difference fluctuation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of fuel cell systems, and more specifically, to a pressure regulation test method for a reversible solid oxide fuel cell. Background Art

[0002] A reversible solid oxide cell (R-SOC) is a key energy conversion device that can switch between two modes: a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) and a solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC). In the SOFC mode, the chemical energy of the fuel can be efficiently converted into electrical energy and heat energy; while in the SOEC mode, electrical energy can be used to electrolyze water vapor or carbon dioxide into hydrogen or syngas for energy storage. Conducting comprehensive and accurate performance tests on R-SOC cells is of great significance. Performance data under different pressure conditions can provide key basis for the optimized design, material selection, and system integration of the cells.

[0003] However, there are many technical problems in the existing test methods. Firstly, there is a lack of a system that can meet the performance test of R-SOC under different positive pressure conditions, making it difficult to accurately control the pressures of the anode and cathode of the cell. Secondly, during the existing test process, it is impossible to effectively avoid the problem of excessive air pressure difference between the anode and cathode of the cell, which will not only damage the structure of the cell body, reduce the service life of the cell, but also greatly reduce the accuracy and reliability of the test data. Thirdly, in terms of the operation control strategy of the test system, the existing technology cannot provide continuous and stable pressure for R-SOC cells. The instability of the pressure during the test will cause fluctuations in the cell performance, making it difficult to obtain accurate performance data and affecting the evaluation of the cell performance.

[0004] For example, Patent CN119493020A discloses a high-pressure test device for a solid oxide fuel cell, but it is only applicable to the SOFC mode and does not cover the function of switching between normal pressure and high pressure modes, thus unable to meet the test requirements under multi-pressure scenarios. Although Patent CN105449250A discloses a reversible SOFC / SOEC test system, its pressure regulation relies on a single pressure regulating valve and cannot achieve the pressure linkage between the fuel electrode and the air electrode during the pressurization stage, easily damaging the cell structure due to pressure difference fluctuations.

[0005] The above problems are worthy of solution. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to overcome the problems that the existing R-SOC test system cannot meet the performance test under different positive pressure conditions, cannot effectively avoid the excessive air pressure difference between the anode and cathode of the cell, and cannot provide continuous and stable pressure for R-SOC cells, the present invention provides a pressure regulation test method for a reversible solid oxide fuel cell.

[0007] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0008] A voltage regulation test method for a reversible solid oxide fuel cell, characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0009] Select the atmospheric pressure mode or the high pressure mode according to the test requirements, and select to operate in the SOFC mode or the SOEC mode;

[0010] The operation of the SOFC mode under the atmospheric pressure mode includes introducing gases into the air electrode and the fuel electrode and heating, controlling the power output through an electronic load, and directly discharging the tail gases of both electrodes after cooling.

[0011] The operation of the SOEC mode under the atmospheric pressure mode includes introducing gases into the air electrode and the fuel electrode and heating, controlling the electrolysis power through a DC power supply, and measuring the production after the fuel tail gas is cooled, subjected to gas-liquid separation, and dried.

[0012] Under the high pressure mode, first enter the pressurization stage. The pressurization stage includes closing the direct discharge flow path of the fuel tail gas, connecting the front ends of the fuel discharge back pressure valve and the air discharge back pressure valve through a bypass branch, so that the pressure values of the fuel discharge back pressure valve and the air discharge back pressure valve are linked; introducing air into the cabin section to increase the pressure, and during the pressurization process, through the linkage adjustment of the fuel discharge back pressure valve, the air discharge back pressure valve, and the cold air outlet back pressure valve, controlling the discharge pressures of the fuel tail gas, the air tail gas, and the cold air, and keeping the test system stably pressurized;

[0013] After the pressurization is completed, the fuel electrode is switched to introduce fuel and the bypass branch is closed, and then enter the SOFC mode or the SOEC mode.

[0014] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the specific operation steps of the SOFC mode under the atmospheric pressure mode include:

[0015] Start the tail gas cooling system, cool the fuel electrode tail gas and the air electrode tail gas through the cooling gas, and monitor the cooling temperature;

[0016] Open the fuel tail gas direct discharge valve and the air discharge solenoid valve, close the fuel tail gas bypass valve, and directly discharge the tail gas;

[0017] Introduce fuel into the fuel electrode, introduce air into the air electrode, and precisely adjust the flow rate through a mass flow controller;

[0018] Start the fuel heater, the air heater, and the high-temperature furnace, and adjust the heating power to raise the temperature of the stack to the target temperature;

[0019] Start the water inlet flow path to humidify the fuel, and use an evaporator to mix water vapor with the fuel;

[0020] When the stack reaches the operating temperature, start the electronic load to control the power output, and monitor the operating state of the stack in real time through a pressure gauge and a thermometer.

[0021] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the specific operation steps of the SOEC mode under the normal pressure mode include:

[0022] Start the tail gas cooling system, cool the gas pole tail gas and the air pole tail gas by cooling gas, and monitor the cooling temperature;

[0023] Close the gas exhaust direct discharge valve, open the gas exhaust bypass solenoid valve, and allow the gas exhaust to enter the drying pipe and flow meter after being dehydrated by the gas-liquid separator;

[0024] Gas is introduced into the gas electrode, air is introduced into the air electrode, and the flow rate is precisely adjusted by a mass flow controller;

[0025] Start the gas heater, air heater and high-temperature furnace, and adjust the heating power to raise the temperature of the fuel cell stack to the target temperature;

[0026] Start the water inlet flow path to humidify the gas, and use the evaporator to mix the water vapor with the gas;

[0027] When the fuel cell stack reaches the operating temperature, the DC power supply is started to control the electrolysis power, and the gas production is measured through the dew point meter and flow meter, while the operating status of the fuel cell stack is monitored in real time.

[0028] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the boosting stage in the high pressure mode specifically includes:

[0029] Close the gas exhaust direct discharge valve, open the gas exhaust bypass valve, and link the gas exhaust back pressure valve with the front end pressure of the air exhaust back pressure valve;

[0030] The protective gas is introduced into the gas electrode, and the air is introduced into the air electrode and the compartment, and the flow rate is adjusted by the mass flow controller and the electronic pressure regulating valve;

[0031] Start the tail gas cooling system to cool the gas pole tail gas and air pole tail gas;

[0032] By adjusting the opening of the gas discharge back pressure valve, air discharge back pressure valve and cold air outlet back pressure valve in a linked manner, the discharge pressure of each flow path is controlled to achieve stable system pressure increase;

[0033] After the pressure stabilizes, close the protective gas inlet flow path, switch to supplying gas to the gas electrode, and close the bypass branch.

[0034] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the specific operation steps of the SOFC mode in the high-pressure mode include:

[0035] Start the gas heater, air heater and high-temperature furnace, and adjust the heating power to raise the temperature of the fuel cell stack to the target temperature;

[0036] Start the water inlet flow path to humidify the gas, and use the evaporator to mix the water vapor with the gas;

[0037] When the stack reaches the operating temperature, the electronic load is started to control the power output, and the operating status of the stack is monitored in real time through the pressure gauge and thermometer;

[0038] The opening of the electronic pressure regulating valve is adjusted synchronously to control the cooling gas flow rate and ensure that the exhaust gas is fully cooled.

[0039] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the specific operation steps of the SOEC mode in the high-pressure mode include:

[0040] Start the gas heater, air heater and high-temperature furnace, and adjust the heating power to raise the temperature of the fuel cell stack to the target temperature;

[0041] Start the water inlet flow path to humidify the gas, and use the evaporator to mix the water vapor with the gas;

[0042] When the stack reaches the operating temperature, the DC power supply is started to control the electrolysis power, and the gas production is measured through the dew point meter and flow meter, while the stack operation status is monitored in real time;

[0043] The opening of the electronic pressure regulating valve is adjusted synchronously to control the cooling gas flow rate and ensure that the exhaust gas is fully cooled.

[0044] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, it also includes a pressure reduction stage, which includes opening a bypass branch to connect the gas exhaust back pressure valve and the air exhaust back pressure valve to achieve pressure linkage; stopping heating, adjusting the heater and furnace power to cool the battery to room temperature; cutting off the supply of air, gas, and protective gas; closing related valves to stop pressurization; controlling the pressure of each flow path through the linkage of each back pressure valve and the bypass valve, and gradually increasing the opening of the back pressure valve to slowly discharge the gas.

[0045] Furthermore, the specific steps of the pressure reduction stage include:

[0046] Open the gas tail gas bypass valve to realize the pressure linkage between the gas electrode and the air electrode;

[0047] Close the water inlet flow path, stop humidification, and gradually reduce the heater and furnace power to cool the stack to room temperature;

[0048] Close the solenoid valves and flow controllers of the air, fuel gas and protective gas inlet paths to cut off the gas supply;

[0049] Close the boost air intake valve and stop supplying air to the compartment;

[0050] By adjusting the opening of the cold air outlet back pressure valve, air discharge back pressure valve and gas discharge back pressure valve in a linked manner, the gas slow discharge is controlled so that the system pressure can be steadily reduced to normal pressure.

[0051] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in the boosting stage of the high-pressure mode, the protective gas is an inert gas, and when the system pressure reaches the set target value, the gas inlet flow path of the protective gas is closed and the gas inlet flow path of the fuel gas is simultaneously opened to achieve a non-disturbing switch of the fuel gas electrode inlet gas from the protective gas to the fuel gas. During the switching process, the pressure difference between the fuel gas electrode and the air electrode is monitored in real time, and the bypass branch is used to balance the pressure difference between the two electrodes.

[0052] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the exhaust port of the air electrode tail gas is arranged inside the cabin section. The tail gas is first discharged into the cabin section and then discharged through the air exhaust pipeline of the cabin section. The same air discharge back pressure valve is used to realize the coordinated pressure regulation of the air electrode tail gas and the air inside the cabin section, avoiding excessive pressure difference between the air electrode and the cabin section.

[0053] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, a pressure relief valve is provided in the cabin section pressure stabilization system. When the cabin section pressure gauge detects that the pressure exceeds the set threshold, the pressure relief valve automatically opens to quickly reduce the pressure.

[0054] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the cabin section is a closed chamber, which internally integrates a high-temperature furnace, a heater and a cooler, and the high-temperature furnace is internally provided with an R-SOC battery.

[0055] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the tail gas cooling system includes a gas cooler and an air cooler arranged in series, and the cooling gas flows through the gas cooler and the air cooler in sequence.

[0056] For the present invention according to the above solution, its beneficial effects are as follows:

[0057] The present invention realizes the synchronous regulation of the pressures of the anode and cathode of the R-SOC battery by designing a linkage system of the bypass branch and the back pressure valve in the high-pressure mode; in the boosting stage, the bypass branch connects the front ends of the gas discharge back pressure valve and the air discharge back pressure valve, forcing the pressures of the two electrodes to be linked. Combined with the coordinated regulation of the electronic pressure regulating valve and the mass flow controller, the pressure control accuracy of ±2% can be achieved within the range of 0.5 - 1.5 MPa, meeting the test requirements under different positive pressure conditions; at the same time, by dynamically adjusting the opening of the back pressure valve through the closed-loop feedback control strategy, the pressure difference between the anode and cathode is strictly limited within 0.1 MPa, avoiding problems such as electrolyte cracking or seal failure caused by excessive pressure difference and ensuring the safety of the battery structure; in addition, the system adopts a progressive pressure boosting strategy, and through the linkage control of the electronic pressure regulating valve and the back pressure valve, a stable pressure change rate of 0.1 - 0.5 MPa / min is achieved, and the pressure fluctuation amplitude ≤ ±3%, effectively eliminating the battery performance fluctuation caused by pressure mutation in traditional tests, reducing the repeatability error of test data to within 5%, and significantly improving the reliability of test results;

[0058] It can be seen that the present invention can not only meet the performance test requirements of solid oxide fuel cells and solid oxide fuel electrolyzers under different positive pressure conditions; moreover, a complete operation control strategy is formulated, which can provide continuous and stable pressure for the R-SOC cell according to the requirements of the pressure increase and decrease rate. The small cathode-anode pressure difference helps to avoid large pressure shocks to the cell and protects the cell to the greatest extent; and by using a bypass branch, it is realized that during the pressure increase and decrease and intake air flow regulation stages, by opening the bypass valve, the pressure difference fluctuations between the fuel electrode and the air electrode caused by asynchronous pressure increase and flow regulation are effectively avoided;

[0059] Furthermore, the present invention directly discharges the cooled air electrode tail gas into the cabin section and uses the same back pressure valve for pressure regulation as the pressurized intake air flow path, which helps to control the pressure difference between the air electrode of the R-SOC cell and the cabin section space, and at the same time reduces the system equipment cost; by integrating the evaporator, heater, high-temperature furnace and cooler into the cabin section, it is possible to avoid high-temperature pipelines passing through the cabin wall, so that the pipelines entering and leaving the cabin section are all at normal temperature air flow, reducing the insulation difficulty of the pipelines and improving the safety of the cabin section at the same time;

[0060] In addition, while the pressurized intake air flow path realizes pressure regulation in the cabin section, the flowing gas also helps to cool the equipment in the cabin section and regulate the environmental temperature in the cabin section, avoiding overheating of the cabin wall caused by heat accumulation in the cabin section; by pressurizing the cooling air flow path, it helps to reduce the pressure difference between the heat exchange flow path of the tail gas cooler and the cabin section, reducing the processing difficulty and production cost of the tail gas cooler and improving the operation reliability of the equipment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0061] Figure 1 is the method flow chart of the present invention;

[0062] Figure 2 is the flow chart for operating in the atmospheric pressure SOFC mode;

[0063] Figure 3 is the flow chart for operating in the atmospheric pressure SOEC mode;

[0064] Figure 4 is the flow chart for operating in the high pressure SOFC mode;

[0065] Figure 5 is the flow chart for operating in the high pressure SOEC mode;

[0066] Figure 6 is the structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0067] Figure 7 is for Figure 6 the enlarged view of the front part of the middle cabin section;

[0068] Figure 8 is for Figure 6Enlarged view of the middle cabin section;

[0069] Figure 9 For Figure 6 Enlarged view of the rear part of the middle cabin section.

[0070] In the figure,

[0071] 1. Air inlet stop valve; 2. Air inlet solenoid valve; 3. Air mass flow controller;

[0072] 4. Fuel gas inlet stop valve; 5. Fuel gas inlet solenoid valve; 6. Fuel gas mass flow controller;

[0073] 7. Inert gas inlet stop valve; 8. Inert gas inlet solenoid valve; 9. Inert gas mass flow controller;

[0074] 10. Water vapor inlet stop valve; 11. Y-type filter; 12. Feed water pump; 13. Water flow meter; 14. Water inlet solenoid valve; 15. Water inlet check valve; 16. Evaporator;

[0075] 17. Cabin section; 18. Fuel gas heater; 19. Air heater; 20. High-temperature furnace; 21. Fuel gas electrode inlet pressure gauge; 22. Fuel gas electrode inlet thermometer; 23. Air electrode inlet pressure gauge; 24. Air electrode inlet thermometer; 25. Fuel gas electrode outlet thermometer; 26. Fuel gas electrode outlet pressure gauge; 27. Air electrode outlet thermometer; 28. Air electrode outlet pressure gauge; 29. Fuel gas cooler; 30. Air cooler; 31. First cooler thermometer; 32. Second cooler thermometer; 33. Third cooler thermometer;

[0076] 34. Cold air inlet stop valve; 35. Cold air inlet solenoid valve; 36. Cold air mass flow controller;

[0077] 37. Pressurized gas inlet stop valve; 38. Pressurized gas inlet solenoid valve; 39. Pressurized gas inlet pressure regulating valve;

[0078] 40. Cold air outlet back pressure valve; 41. Cold air outlet solenoid valve; 42. Air discharge check valve; 43. Air discharge back pressure valve; 44. Air discharge solenoid valve;

[0079] 45. Cabin section pressure relief valve; 46. Cabin section thermometer; 47. Cabin section pressure gauge; 48. Gas-liquid separator; 49. Automatic drain valve;

[0080] 50. Fuel gas discharge back pressure valve; 51. Fuel gas discharge solenoid valve; 52. Fuel gas tail gas drying bypass valve; 53. Drying pipe; 54. Bypass flow meter; 55. Dew point meter; 56. Fuel gas tail gas direct discharge valve; 57. Bypass pressure relief valve; 58. Fuel gas tail gas bypass valve; 59. Electronic load; 60. DC power supply. Detailed implementation method

[0081] To better understand the purpose, technical solution and technical effects of the present invention, the present invention will be further described and explained below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters denote similar items in the following drawings. Therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent drawings. At the same time, it is stated that the embodiments described below are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0082] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as "fixed to" or "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or there may also be an intermediate element. When an element is considered to be "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intermediate element at the same time.

[0083] The indicated orientation or positional relationship is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship in which the product of this application is customarily placed during use, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly understood by those skilled in the art, or the orientation or positional relationship in which the product of this application is customarily placed during use. It is only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be construed as a limitation of this application. The terms "first", "second" and "third" are only used for the purpose of convenient description and cannot be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features.

[0084] As Figures 1 to 5 shown, a voltage regulation test method for a reversible solid oxide fuel cell includes the following steps:

[0085] Select the atmospheric pressure mode or the high pressure mode according to the test requirements, and select to operate in the SOFC mode or the SOEC mode;

[0086] At the start of the test, the system communication and battery insulation are detected to ensure no risk of short circuit or leakage. The system can control the corresponding gas path on-off and the operation of the modules on the gas path according to the pressure mode and battery operating mode selected by the user. The modules include valves, mass flow controllers, flow meters, thermometers, and pressure gauges, so as to realize that the system automatically turns on the corresponding functions according to the test mode required by the user, improve the test efficiency. The system specifically controls the following modules automatically: open and close the corresponding flow path through the solenoid valve; adjust the gas flow through the mass flow controller; use the pressure gauge and thermometer to feedback data in real time. The electronic load 59 or the DC power supply 60 supplies power or consumes power according to the mode switch.

[0087] In this embodiment, the solenoid valves include an air inlet solenoid valve 2, a fuel gas inlet solenoid valve 5, a protective gas inlet solenoid valve 8, a water inlet solenoid valve 14, a cold air inlet solenoid valve 35, a pressurized gas inlet solenoid valve 38, an air discharge solenoid valve 44, a fuel gas discharge solenoid valve 51, a fuel gas tail gas direct discharge valve 56, and a fuel gas tail gas bypass valve 58. The mass flow controllers include an air mass flow controller 3, a fuel gas mass flow controller 6, a protective gas mass flow controller 9, and a cold air mass flow controller 36. The pressure gauges include a fuel gas pole inlet pressure gauge 21, an air pole inlet pressure gauge 23, a fuel gas pole outlet pressure gauge 26, an air pole outlet pressure gauge 28, and a cabin section pressure gauge 47. The thermometers include a fuel gas pole inlet thermometer 22, an air pole inlet thermometer 24, a fuel gas pole outlet thermometer 25, an air pole outlet thermometer 27, a first cooler thermometer 31, a second cooler thermometer 32, a third cooler thermometer 33, and a cabin section thermometer 46.

[0088] The battery operating modes include the SOFC mode or the SOEC mode. The SOFC mode is a power generation process that directly converts the chemical energy of the fuel into electrical energy and heat energy, and the SOEC mode is an energy storage process that electrolyzes water vapor or carbon dioxide into hydrogen or syngas using electrical energy.

[0089] When the atmospheric pressure SOFC mode is selected, go to step A; when the atmospheric pressure SOEC mode is selected, go to step B; when the high-pressure SOFC mode is selected, first go to step C, and then enter the SOFC mode under high pressure; when the high-pressure SOEC mode is selected, first go to step C, and then enter the SOEC mode under high pressure.

[0090] Step A: The operation of the SOFC mode under atmospheric pressure includes introducing gases into the air pole and the fuel gas pole and heating, controlling the power output through the electronic load 59, and directly discharging the tail gases of the two poles after cooling; specifically, it includes the following steps:

[0091] Step 101: Start the tail gas cooling system and detect that it is in a normal working state; cool the fuel gas pole tail gas and the air pole tail gas through the tail gas cooling system;

[0092] Specifically, open the cold air inlet stop valve 34, the cold air inlet solenoid valve 35, and the cold air mass flow controller 36 to introduce cooling gas into the fuel gas cooler 29 and the air cooler 30; monitor the temperatures of the fuel gas tail gas and the air tail gas after cooling through the first cooler thermometer 31 and the second cooler thermometer 32, and monitor the temperature of the gas transported from the air cooler 30 to the cold air outlet of the cabin section 17 through the third cooler thermometer 33 to ensure the cooling effect and prevent the high-temperature tail gas from affecting the normal operation of other parts of the system.

[0093] Step 102: Start the air tail gas direct discharge flow path and the fuel gas tail gas direct discharge flow path;

[0094] Specifically, open the direct exhaust valve 56 of the fuel gas tail gas and the air discharge solenoid valve 44, and close the bypass valve 58 of the fuel gas tail gas.

[0095] Step 103: Start the fuel gas inlet air flow path and the air inlet air flow path, and introduce fuel gas into the fuel gas electrode and air into the air electrode;

[0096] Specifically, open the fuel gas inlet stop valve 4, the fuel gas inlet solenoid valve 5, and the fuel gas mass flow controller 6, and introduce hydrogen into the fuel gas electrode; open the air inlet stop valve 1, the air inlet solenoid valve 2, and the air mass flow controller 3, and introduce air into the air electrode.

[0097] Step 104: Start the fuel gas heater 18 on the fuel gas inlet air flow path and the air heater 19 on the air inlet air flow path. By adjusting the heating power of the fuel gas heater 18 and the air heater 19, heat the input fuel gas and air respectively to raise the temperature of the fuel gas and air to an appropriate temperature; and start the heating function of the high-temperature furnace 20 to provide a temperature environment that meets the requirements for the R-SOC battery in the high-temperature furnace 20.

[0098] Step 105: Start the water inlet flow path to humidify the fuel gas, and use the evaporator 16 to mix water vapor with the fuel gas;

[0099] Specifically, open the water vapor inlet stop valve 10 and the water inlet solenoid valve 14. After the water is filtered by the Y-type filter 11 through the water supply pump 12, it is sent to the water flow meter 13 to measure the flow rate, and then enters the evaporator 16. The water is heated and evaporated, and water vapor is introduced into the fuel gas electrode to ensure the water and heat balance inside the stack.

[0100] Step 106: When the stack (i.e., the R-SOC battery) is heated to the target operating temperature, start the electronic load 59 to control the power loading and power consumption of the R-SOC battery, and monitor the operating temperature and pressure conditions of the stack in real time through the pressure gauges and thermometers at the inlet and outlet of the fuel gas electrode of the stack and at the inlet and outlet of the air electrode of the stack. The pressure gauges and thermometers specifically include: the fuel gas electrode inlet pressure gauge 21, the fuel gas electrode inlet thermometer 22, the fuel gas electrode outlet pressure gauge 26, the fuel gas electrode outlet thermometer 25, the air electrode inlet pressure gauge 23, the air electrode inlet thermometer 24, the air electrode outlet pressure gauge 28, and the air electrode outlet thermometer 27.

[0101] Through the above steps 101 to 106, the performance test of the R-SOC battery in the SOFC mode under normal pressure can be completed, and performance data such as the power generation power, current, and voltage of the battery in this mode, as well as the temperature and pressure changes during the operation of the stack, can be obtained, providing data support for studying the performance of the battery in the normal pressure SOFC mode.

[0102] Step B. The operation of the SOEC mode under atmospheric pressure includes introducing gases into the air electrode and the fuel electrode and heating, controlling the electrolysis power through the DC power supply 60, cooling the fuel exhaust gas, and measuring the output after gas-liquid separation and drying; specifically, it includes the following steps:

[0103] Step 201. Start the exhaust gas cooling system and detect that it is in a normal working state; cool the fuel electrode exhaust gas and the air electrode exhaust gas through the exhaust gas cooling system.

[0104] Specifically, open the cold air inlet stop valve 34, the cold air inlet solenoid valve 35, and the cold air mass flow controller 36 to introduce cooling gas into the fuel cooler 29 and the air cooler 30; monitor the temperatures of the fuel exhaust gas and the air exhaust gas after cooling through the first cooler thermometer 31 and the second cooler thermometer 32, and monitor the temperature of the gas at the cold air outlet of the air cooler 30 delivered to the cabin section 17 through the third cooler thermometer 33 to ensure that the temperatures of the cooled fuel exhaust gas and the air exhaust gas are kept within the allowable range, avoiding damage to subsequent equipment or affecting the measurement accuracy caused by high-temperature exhaust gas.

[0105] Step 202. Start the direct exhaust flow path of the air exhaust gas and the treatment pipeline of the fuel electrode exhaust gas; the treatment pipeline of the fuel electrode exhaust gas is provided with a gas-liquid separator 48, a drying pipe 53, a flow meter, and a dew point meter 55. The gas-liquid separator 48 is used to separate the liquid water in the fuel exhaust gas and discharge the liquid water through the automatic drain valve 49 to avoid the influence of liquid water on subsequent measurements and equipment; the drying pipe 53 is used to further remove the residual moisture in the fuel exhaust gas to ensure that the fuel gas entering the flow meter and the dew point meter 55 is in a dry state and improve the measurement accuracy; the dew point meter 55 is used to measure the dew point temperature of the dried fuel exhaust gas, calculate the water content in the fuel gas according to the dew point temperature, and then relatively accurately calculate the fuel gas output of the R-SOC cell under the electrolysis condition; when the dew point temperature deviates from the set range, the system automatically adjusts the flow rate of the feed water pump 12 and increases or decreases the humidification amount through the evaporator 16 to ensure the water-heat balance inside the stack and improve the electrolysis efficiency.

[0106] Specifically, keep the gas discharge back-pressure valve 50 fully open, close the gas discharge solenoid valve 51, the gas tail gas direct discharge valve 56 and the gas tail gas bypass valve 58, and open the gas tail gas drying bypass valve 52 and the cold air outlet solenoid valve 41. The cooled air tail gas is directly discharged through the cold air outlet solenoid valve 41; the cooled gas tail gas first enters the gas-liquid separator 48, and the gas-liquid separator 48 uses principles such as gravity and centrifugal force to separate the liquid water in the gas tail gas, and the liquid water is discharged through the automatic drain valve 49. The separated gas tail gas then enters the drying pipe 53, and the drying pipe 53 is filled with desiccants such as silica gel to further remove the moisture in the gas tail gas and make the gas reach a dry state. The dried gas enters the bypass flowmeter 54 to measure the flow rate, and then passes through the dew point meter 55 to measure the dew point temperature, so as to relatively accurately calculate the gas production of the R-SOC battery under the electrolysis condition.

[0107] Step 203: Start the gas electrode inlet gas flow path and the air electrode inlet gas flow path, and introduce gas into the gas electrode and air into the air electrode;

[0108] Specifically, open the gas inlet stop valve 4, the gas inlet solenoid valve 5, and the gas mass flow controller 6, and introduce hydrogen into the gas electrode; open the air inlet stop valve 1, the air inlet solenoid valve 2, and the air mass flow controller 3, and introduce air into the air electrode.

[0109] Step 204: Start the gas heater 18 on the gas electrode inlet gas flow path and the air heater 19 on the air electrode inlet gas flow path to heat the input gas and air respectively; and start the heating function of the high-temperature furnace 20 to provide a temperature environment that meets the requirements for the R-SOC battery in the high-temperature furnace 20;

[0110] Step 205: Start the water inlet flow path to humidify the gas, and use the evaporator 16 to mix the water vapor with the gas; the water vapor participates in the electrolysis reaction, and an appropriate amount of water vapor can promote the reaction and improve the electrolysis efficiency;

[0111] Specifically, open the water vapor inlet stop valve 10 and the water inlet solenoid valve 14, filter the water through the Y-type filter 11 by the water supply pump 12, send it to the water flowmeter 13 to measure the flow rate, and then enter the evaporator 16 to heat and evaporate the water, and introduce the water vapor into the gas electrode to fully mix the water vapor and the gas before entering the stack, ensure the water and heat balance inside the stack, improve the electrolysis reaction efficiency, and prevent the stack from being damaged due to water shortage.

[0112] Step 206: When the stack heats up to the target working temperature, start the DC power supply 60 to control the electrolysis power of the R-SOC battery, and monitor the operating temperature and pressure conditions of the stack in real time through the pressure gauges and thermometers at the inlet and outlet of the gas electrode of the stack and the inlet and outlet of the air electrode of the stack.

[0113] Through the above steps 201 to 206, the performance test of the R-SOC battery in the SOEC mode under atmospheric pressure can be completed, and performance data such as the electrolysis power, gas production, current, and voltage of the battery in this mode, as well as the temperature and pressure changes during the operation of the stack, can be obtained, providing data support for studying the performance of the battery in the atmospheric pressure SOEC mode.

[0114] Step C: In the high-pressure mode, first enter the pressurization stage. The pressurization stage includes closing the direct exhaust flow path of the gas tail gas, connecting the front end of the gas discharge back pressure valve 50 and the air discharge back pressure valve 43 through the bypass branch, so that the pressure values of the gas discharge back pressure valve 50 and the air discharge back pressure valve 43 are linked, ensuring the pressure connection between the gas electrode and the air electrode, and avoiding the pressure difference fluctuation between the two poles; introducing a protective gas into the gas electrode, introducing air into the air electrode and the cabin section 17 for synchronous pressurization, and during the pressurization process, through the linkage adjustment of the gas discharge back pressure valve 50, the air discharge back pressure valve 43 and the cold air outlet back pressure valve 40, controlling the discharge pressure of the gas tail gas, the air tail gas and the cold air, and keeping the test system pressurized stably; after the pressurization is completed, the gas electrode is switched to introduce gas and the bypass branch is closed, and then enter the SOFC mode or the SOEC mode. It can be seen that in the initial stage of the pressurization stage in the high-pressure mode, a protective gas is introduced into the gas electrode, and then switched to gas after the system pressure is stable. Specifically, step C includes the following steps:

[0115] Step 301: Start the air discharge back pressure valve 43 flow path and the gas discharge back pressure valve 50 flow path, and open the bypass branch to connect the front end of the gas discharge back pressure valve 50 and the front end of the air discharge back pressure valve 43, so that the pressure values of the gas discharge back pressure valve 50 and the air discharge back pressure valve 43 are linked, ensuring the pressure connection between the gas electrode and the air electrode, and avoiding the generation of too large a pressure difference between the two poles during the pressurization process, thereby protecting the battery body structure; while opening the bypass branch, close the gas tail gas direct discharge valve 56, the gas tail gas drying bypass valve 52 and the gas tail gas bypass valve 58 to prevent abnormal gas discharge from affecting the system pressure stability.

[0116] Step 302: Start the protective gas inlet flow path and the air electrode inlet flow path, and introduce a protective gas into the gas electrode and air into the air electrode; among them, the protective gas is usually an inert gas, such as argon, etc. Its function is to protect the gas electrode from oxidation when gas is not introduced in the initial stage of pressurization, and avoid chemical reactions between the gas electrode material and air, etc., affecting the battery performance and life.

[0117] Specifically, open the protective gas inlet stop valve 7, the protective gas inlet solenoid valve 8, and the protective gas mass flow controller 9, and introduce the protective gas with a rated flow rate into the fuel electrode; at the same time, open the air inlet stop valve 1, the air inlet solenoid valve 2, and the air mass flow controller 3, and introduce the air with a rated flow rate into the air electrode. During the gas introduction process, precisely adjust the gas flow rate through the mass flow controller to ensure that the flow rates of the protective gas and the air are stable and meet the supercharging requirements. At the same time, use the pressure gauge and thermometer to monitor the pressure and temperature of the inlet gas to ensure the stability of the inlet gas state.

[0118] Step 303: Start the tail gas cooling system and detect that it is in a normal working state; cool the tail gas of the fuel electrode and the tail gas of the air electrode through the tail gas cooling system; the specific operation is the same as step 101 in step A and will not be elaborated here.

[0119] Step 304: Start the pressurized inlet air flow path of the cabin section 17, and introduce air into the interior of the cabin section 17 to increase the internal pressure of the cabin section 17. Specifically, open the pressurized gas inlet stop valve 37, the pressurized gas inlet solenoid valve 38, and the pressurized gas inlet pressure regulating valve 39, and introduce a certain flow rate of air into the cabin section 17; during the pressurization process, use the linkage adjustment of the fuel gas discharge back pressure valve 50, the air discharge back pressure valve 43, and the cold air outlet back pressure valve 40 to control the discharge pressure of the fuel gas tail gas, the discharge pressure of the air tail gas, and the discharge pressure of the cold air. By adjusting the opening degrees of these three back pressure valves and according to the system pressure feedback, the resistance of each flow path is adjusted in real time, so as to achieve precise control of the gas discharge pressure of each flow path. For example, when the system pressure increases too fast, appropriately increase the opening degree of the back pressure valve to increase the gas discharge and reduce the pressure growth rate; when the system pressure increases too slowly, reduce the opening degree of the back pressure valve to reduce the gas discharge and accelerate the pressure growth rate, so as to maintain stable pressurization of the system, that is, the pressure growth rate is stable and does not undergo sudden changes, and the pressure is stably increased to the set target pressure value. During the pressurization process, continuously monitor the pressure data such as the cabin section pressure gauge 47, the fuel electrode inlet pressure gauge 21, and the air electrode inlet pressure gauge 23, as well as the temperature data such as the cabin section thermometer 46, the fuel electrode inlet thermometer 22, and the air electrode inlet thermometer 24 to ensure the normal state of each part of the system.

[0120] In a preferred embodiment, a cabin section pressure relief valve 45 and a bypass pressure relief valve 57 are provided in the cabin section pressure stabilization system. When the cabin section pressure gauge 47 detects that the pressure exceeds the set threshold, the pressure relief valve automatically opens to quickly reduce the pressure.

[0121] Step 305: After the pressure of the fuel cell test environment reaches the target pressure value, close the protective gas inlet flow path, start the fuel electrode inlet flow path, and switch to input fuel into the fuel electrode; specifically, close the protective gas inlet stop valve 7, protective gas inlet solenoid valve 8, and protective gas mass flow controller 9, open the fuel gas inlet stop valve 4, fuel gas inlet solenoid valve 5, and fuel gas mass flow controller 6, and introduce the rated flow of fuel gas into the fuel electrode.

[0122] Step 306: Start the fuel gas heater 18 on the fuel electrode inlet flow path and the air heater 19 on the air electrode inlet flow path to heat the input fuel gas and air respectively; and start the heating function of the high-temperature furnace 20 to provide a temperature environment that meets the requirements for the R-SOC battery in the high-temperature furnace 20.

[0123] Step 307: Start the water inlet flow path to humidify the fuel gas, and use the evaporator 16 to mix water vapor with the fuel gas.

[0124] Step 308: Close the bypass branch and cut off the connection between the fuel gas discharge back pressure valve 50 and the air discharge back pressure valve 43; then execute Step 3081 to enter the SOFC mode under high pressure, or execute Step 3082 to enter the SOEC mode under high pressure.

[0125] Step 3081: When the fuel cell temperature rises to the target operating temperature, start the electronic load 59 to control the power draw and power consumption of the R-SOC battery, and monitor the operating temperature and pressure conditions of the fuel cell in real time through the inlet gas pressure gauge and outlet gas pressure gauge, inlet gas thermometer and outlet gas thermometer of the fuel electrode of the fuel cell, and the inlet gas pressure gauge and outlet gas pressure gauge, inlet gas thermometer and outlet gas thermometer of the air electrode of the fuel cell.

[0126] Step 3082: When the fuel cell temperature rises to the target operating temperature, start the DC power supply 60 to control the electrolysis power of the R-SOC battery, and monitor the operating temperature and pressure conditions of the fuel cell in real time through the pressure gauges and thermometers at the inlets and outlets of the fuel electrode of the fuel cell and the inlets and outlets of the air electrode of the fuel cell.

[0127] After completing the SOFC mode or SOEC mode test under high pressure, it is necessary to enter the pressure reduction stage, and the pressure reduction stage includes the following steps:

[0128] Step 401: Open the bypass branch and stop heating.

[0129] Open the gas exhaust bypass valve 58 to connect the front end of the gas discharge back pressure valve 50 and the front end of the air discharge back pressure valve 43, realizing the pressure linkage between the gas electrode and the air electrode, making the pressures of the two electrodes change synchronously, and avoiding the situation of excessive pressure difference between the two electrodes during the pressure reduction process; close the water vapor inlet stop valve 10 and the water inlet solenoid valve 14, stop the operation of the water pump 12, and close the water flowmeter 13 to stop the humidification operation of the incoming water flow path on the gas. At the same time, adjust the heating powers of the gas heater 18, the air heater 19, and the high-temperature furnace 20, gradually reduce the heating power, and realize the stable cooling of the R-SOC battery to room temperature. During the cooling process, monitor the temperature change of the stack in real time through the thermometers at the inlet and outlet of the stack gas electrode and the inlet and outlet of the stack air electrode to ensure that the cooling rate meets the equipment requirements and avoid damaging the battery due to too fast cooling.

[0130] Step 402: Cut off the gas supply;

[0131] Close the air inlet solenoid valve 2 and the air mass flow controller 3 to reduce the air flow rate of the air electrode of the R-SOC battery to 0; close the gas inlet solenoid valve 5 and the gas mass flow controller 6 to reduce the gas flow rate of the gas electrode of the R-SOC battery to 0. At the same time, close the protective gas inlet stop valve 7, the protective gas inlet solenoid valve 8, and the protective gas mass flow controller 9 (if the protective gas incoming flow path is in the open state) to prevent gas from continuing to enter the system. During the process of cutting off the gas supply, closely monitor the numerical changes of the pressure gauges such as the gas electrode inlet pressure gauge 21 and the air electrode inlet pressure gauge 23 of the stack to ensure that the gas cut-off operation is stable and does not cause violent pressure fluctuations.

[0132] Step 403: Stop the pressurized air intake of the cabin section;

[0133] Close the pressurized gas inlet stop valve 37, the pressurized gas inlet solenoid valve 38, and the pressurized gas inlet pressure regulating valve 39 to reduce the air flow rate into the cabin section 17 to 0 and stop the pressurization operation of the cabin section 17. At this time, the pressure inside the cabin section 17 will start to gradually decrease, and the pressure change inside the cabin section 17 is monitored in real time through the cabin section pressure gauge 47.

[0134] Step 404: Control the pressure reduction process;

[0135] The pressure values of the cold air inlet flow path, the air electrode flow path, and the fuel gas electrode flow path of the R-SOC battery are jointly controlled by the cold air outlet back pressure valve 40, the air discharge back pressure valve 43, the fuel gas discharge back pressure valve 50, and the opened fuel gas tail gas bypass valve 58 to achieve stable pressure reduction of the system. During specific operations, according to the system pressure feedback, gradually increase the opening degrees of the cold air outlet back pressure valve 40, the air discharge back pressure valve 43, and the fuel gas discharge back pressure valve 50 to slowly discharge the gas in each flow path. Continuously monitor the values of each pressure gauge, including the fuel gas electrode inlet pressure gauge 21, the air electrode inlet pressure gauge 23, the cabin section pressure gauge 47, etc., to ensure that the system pressure steadily drops to atmospheric pressure, control the pressure drop speed to be stable, and avoid damage to the battery and system equipment caused by pressure mutations.

[0136] As Figures 6 to 9 shown, the present invention also provides a pressure regulation test system for a reversible solid oxide fuel cell, including a stack air and water inlet system, a stack hot box system, a tail gas cooling system, and a cabin section pressure stabilization system.

[0137] Among them, the stack air and water inlet system includes an air inlet flow path, a fuel gas inlet flow path, a protective gas inlet flow path, and a water inlet flow path. The air inlet flow path includes an air inlet stop valve 1, an air inlet solenoid valve 2, and an air mass flow controller 3 connected in sequence; the air inlet stop valve 1 is used to cut off the air supply during system maintenance, repair, or emergency to ensure system safety; the air inlet solenoid valve 2 realizes the quick opening and closing of the air flow path according to the test requirements and control instructions, and precisely controls the on and off of the air; the air mass flow controller 3 can accurately adjust the air flow entering the system to ensure that an appropriate and stable amount of air is provided for the air electrode of the fuel cell under different test conditions.

[0138] The fuel gas inlet flow path includes a fuel gas inlet stop valve 4, a fuel gas inlet solenoid valve 5, and a fuel gas mass flow controller 6 connected in sequence; the fuel gas inlet stop valve 4 is used to cut off the fuel gas to prevent safety problems such as fuel gas leakage; the fuel gas inlet solenoid valve 5 controls the entry and exit of the fuel gas, and quickly responds to open or close the fuel gas passage according to different modes and stages during the test; the fuel gas mass flow controller 6 accurately controls the fuel gas flow to ensure a stable and reaction-demand-compliant amount of fuel gas is provided for the fuel gas electrode of the fuel cell.

[0139] The protective gas inlet flow path includes a protective gas inlet stop valve 7, a protective gas inlet solenoid valve 8, and a protective gas mass flow controller 9 connected in sequence; during the initial stage of high-pressure mode pressurization in the test system, the protective gas enters the fuel electrode through this flow path. The protective gas inlet stop valve 7 is used to control the total switch of the protective gas to ensure that the gas flow is completely cut off during the non-pressurization stage or when the protective gas is not required; the protective gas inlet solenoid valve 8 realizes the fast on / off control of the protective gas; the protective gas mass flow controller 9 precisely adjusts the flow rate of the protective gas so that it enters the fuel electrode stably at the rated flow rate, preventing the fuel electrode material from reacting with air when fuel gas is not introduced, thereby protecting the fuel electrode and extending the service life of the battery.

[0140] The water inlet flow path includes a water vapor inlet stop valve 10, a Y-type filter 11, a water pump 12, a water flow meter 13, a water inlet solenoid valve 14, a check valve 15, and an evaporator 16 connected in sequence. The water vapor inlet stop valve 10 is used to cut off the water input; the Y-type filter 11 is used to filter impurities in the water to prevent impurities from entering the system and blocking the pipeline or affecting the battery reaction; the water pump 12 provides power to transport the water to subsequent equipment; the water flow meter 13 measures the water flow rate to precisely control the humidification water volume; the water inlet solenoid valve 14 adjusts the water flow rate and on / off according to the system control signal; the check valve 15 prevents water from flowing back to ensure that the water flows in the specified direction; the evaporator 16 heats and evaporates the water so that the water vapor mixes fully with the fuel gas and then enters the fuel cell to maintain the water and heat balance inside the stack.

[0141] Both the protective gas inlet flow path and the fuel gas inlet flow path are connected to the fuel gas heater 18 of the stack thermal box system. The protective gas inlet flow path is used to input the protective gas to the fuel electrode, and the fuel gas inlet flow path is used to input the fuel gas to the fuel electrode. The evaporator 16 is connected to the front end of the fuel gas heater 18 to humidify the input fuel gas.

[0142] Among them, the stack thermal box system includes a gas heater 18, an air heater 19, and a high-temperature furnace 20. The high-temperature furnace 20 is internally provided with an R-SOC battery. The gas heated by the gas heater 18 is input to the gas electrode of the R-SOC battery, and a gas electrode inlet pressure gauge 21 and a gas electrode inlet thermometer 22 are provided on the input channel; a gas electrode outlet thermometer 25 and a gas electrode outlet pressure gauge 26 are provided on the output channel of the gas electrode. The gas heated by the air heater 19 is input to the air electrode of the R-SOC battery, and an air electrode inlet pressure gauge 23 and an air electrode inlet thermometer 24 are provided on the input channel; an air electrode outlet thermometer 27 and an air electrode outlet pressure gauge 28 are provided on the output channel of the air electrode. Through the thermometers at the inlets of the two electrodes, the temperatures of the gas and air entering the battery can be measured to ensure that the gas participates in the reaction at an appropriate temperature. Through the thermometers at the outlets of the two electrodes, the temperatures of the gas and air discharged from the battery can be measured. The gas electrode outlet thermometer 25 reflects the heat release and gas energy change of the battery reaction to judge whether the reaction is sufficient; the air electrode outlet thermometer 27 analyzes the heat change of the oxidation reaction and the heat exchange situation to evaluate the battery thermal management performance. Through the pressure gauges at the inlets and outlets of the two electrodes respectively, the input pressure can be measured to monitor whether the gas pressure input is normal, and the pressure difference between the output and the input can also be measured to analyze the reaction state inside the battery and the gas flow resistance.

[0143] The gas heater 18 and the air heater 19 are key devices for preheating the reaction gas in the stack thermal box system. The gas heater 18 heats the input gas to an appropriate temperature so that it can meet the temperature requirements of the R-SOC battery during the chemical reaction, which helps to improve the activity of the gas participating in the reaction, accelerate the reaction rate, and enhance the performance and energy conversion efficiency of the battery. Similarly, the air heater 19 heats the incoming air to ensure that the air enters the air electrode of the battery at an appropriate temperature, promoting the efficient progress of the oxidation reaction.

[0144] Among them, the exhaust gas cooling system includes a gas cooler 29, an air cooler 30, a cold air inlet flow path and a cold air exhaust flow path. The gas cooler 29 and the air cooler 30 are arranged inside the cabin section 17. The cold air inlet flow path shares an intake input end with the pressurized intake flow path. The output end of the cold air inlet flow path is connected to the gas cooler 29. The cold air output channel of the gas cooler 29 is connected to the air cooler 30. The cold air output channel of the air cooler 30 is connected to the cold air discharge flow path. The cold air inlet flow path includes a cold air inlet stop valve 34, a cold air inlet solenoid valve 35, and a cold air mass flow controller 36 connected in sequence. The cold air discharge flow path includes a cold air outlet back pressure valve 40 and a cold air outlet solenoid valve 41 connected in sequence. When it is necessary to pressurize the air flow path for cooling (i.e., the cold air flow path of the exhaust gas cooling system), the opening of the cold air outlet back pressure valve 40 can be reduced, so that the cold air discharge is blocked, thereby increasing the pressure in the flow path, which helps to reduce the pressure difference between the heat exchange flow path of the exhaust gas cooler and the cabin section 17, and reduces the processing difficulty and production cost of the exhaust gas cooler.

[0145] The gas cooler 29 and the air cooler 30 adopt a series structure, which means that the cooling gas first enters the gas cooler 29 to cool the gas pole exhaust gas, absorbs heat and then enters the air cooler 30 to continue cooling the air pole exhaust gas. In this process, the cooling gas flows through the two coolers in sequence, forming a coherent cooling flow path. The cooling gas passes through two areas that need to be cooled successively, first taking away the heat from one place and then using the partial waste heat to cool another place. The series structure can make full use of the cooling capacity of the cooling gas. Because after the cooling gas absorbs heat in the gas cooler 29, although its temperature rises, it still has a certain cooling capacity and can continue to be used to cool the gas pole exhaust gas, so that the cooling gas is more fully utilized.

[0146] The cooling system with a series structure is relatively simple in design and layout. By adjusting the total flow rate of the cooling gas, the cooling effects on both the gas pole exhaust gas and the air pole exhaust gas can be controlled simultaneously. During the operation of the system, only by adjusting the cold air mass flow controller 36 at the inlet of the cooling gas, the cooling capacity of the entire cooling system can be changed, and the operation is more convenient and fast, which is conducive to realizing the automatic control of the system.

[0147] A first cooler thermometer 31 is provided on the gas output channel of the gas cooler 29, and the first cooler thermometer 31 is used to detect the temperature of the cooled gas exhaust gas; a second cooler thermometer 32 is provided on the air output channel of the air cooler 30, and the second cooler thermometer 32 is used to detect the temperature of the cooled air exhaust gas; a third cooler thermometer 33 is provided on the cold air output channel of the air cooler 30, and the third cooler thermometer 33 is used to detect the temperature of the output cold air.

[0148] Among them, the cabin pressure stabilization system includes cabin 17 and a pressurized intake air flow path, a gas exhaust gas flow path, and an air exhaust gas flow path connected to cabin 17. The gas exhaust gas flow path includes a direct exhaust flow path and a treatment flow path, and the air exhaust gas flow path and the treatment flow path of the gas exhaust gas are connected through a gas exhaust gas bypass flow path. The pressurized intake air flow path includes a pressurized air inlet stop valve 37, a pressurized air inlet solenoid valve 38, and a pressurized air inlet pressure regulating valve 39 connected in sequence; while the pressurized intake air flow path realizes pressure regulation in cabin 17, the flowing gas also helps to cool the equipment in the cabin and regulate the ambient temperature in the cabin, avoiding overheating of the cabin wall caused by heat accumulation in cabin 17. The air exhaust gas flow path includes an air discharge check valve 42, an air discharge back pressure valve 43, and an air discharge solenoid valve 44 connected in sequence.

[0149] The exhaust port of the air electrode exhaust gas is arranged inside cabin 17, so as to realize that the exhaust gas of the air electrode is first discharged inside cabin 17 and then discharged through the air exhaust pipe of cabin 17, realizing the coordinated control of the exhaust of the air electrode exhaust gas and the exhaust of the air inside cabin 17. Since the air electrode exhaust gas is directly discharged into cabin 17 and the same air discharge back pressure valve 43 is used for pressure regulation in the pressurized intake air flow path inside cabin 17, the pressure difference between the air electrode and cabin 17 can be effectively controlled, avoiding pressure shock to the battery and other equipment inside cabin 17 caused by excessive pressure difference, reducing the risk of equipment damage, extending the service life of the equipment, and ensuring the stable operation of the test system. In addition, this structural design reduces the need to set up a complex exhaust system for the air electrode exhaust gas alone, without the need to configure special exhaust gas pressure regulating equipment additionally. By sharing the exhaust pressure regulating facilities with cabin 17, the system structure is simplified and the cost is reduced.

[0150] Cabin 17 is a closed chamber, and inside the chamber, there are a high-temperature furnace 20, a heater for heating gas, a cooler for cooling exhaust gas, etc. A reversible solid oxide fuel cell (i.e., R-SOC cell) is placed inside the high-temperature furnace 20. Integrating the high-temperature furnace 20, the heater, and the cooler into the closed cabin 17 forms an efficient thermal cycle system. On the one hand, the heater heats the incoming gas and then directly transports it to the high-temperature furnace 20, reducing heat loss during the transmission process and improving energy utilization efficiency; on the other hand, the cooler cools the exhaust gas, and the recovered part of the heat can be used to preheat the intake air or maintain a suitable temperature inside the cabin, realizing the effective utilization and balance management of heat and reducing the overall energy consumption of the system. Since the pipelines for entering and leaving cabin 17 are all at normal temperature airflow inside, it avoids the complex heat insulation problem brought by high-temperature pipelines passing through the cabin wall; and compared with the design where high-temperature pipelines are exposed outside, the cabin layout of the present invention significantly reduces the heat insulation cost and technical difficulty of the pipelines, reducing heat loss and energy waste caused by improper heat insulation measures.

[0151] The section 17 is provided with a section thermometer 46 and a section pressure gauge 47. The section thermometer 46 monitors the temperature inside the section 17 in real time to ensure that the temperature inside the section 17 is within the suitable range for the normal operation of the equipment. And by monitoring the temperature change trend, it can assist in judging the heat transfer situation during the battery reaction process and the thermal stability of the entire system. The section pressure gauge 47 measures the pressure inside the section 17 in real time, which helps to analyze the pressure balance situation of the entire test system.

[0152] The direct exhaust flow path and the treatment flow path of the gas tail gas flow path are connected to the gas output channel of the gas cooler 29. The direct exhaust flow path is provided with a gas tail gas direct exhaust valve 56, the treatment flow path is provided with a gas-liquid separator 48, the gas output end of the gas-liquid separator 48 is connected with a gas discharge back pressure valve 50, and the liquid output end of the gas-liquid separator 48 is connected with an automatic drain valve 49. The rear end of the gas discharge back pressure valve 50 is simultaneously connected with a gas discharge solenoid valve 51 and a gas tail gas measurement bypass. The gas tail gas measurement bypass includes a gas tail gas drying bypass valve 52, a drying tube 53, a bypass flowmeter 54 and a dew point meter 55 connected in sequence.

[0153] Among them, the electrical control system includes an electronic load 59 and a DC power supply 60. Both the electronic load 59 and the DC power supply 60 are connected to the R-SOC battery, and either the electronic load 59 or the DC power supply 60 is started. Specifically, when the R-SOC battery is in the SOFC mode, the electronic load 59 is started; when the R-SOC battery is in the SOEC mode, the DC power supply 60 is started.

[0154] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. For the sake of concise description, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, it should be considered as the scope described in this specification.

[0155] The above embodiments only express several implementation manners of the present invention, and their descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention patent. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the concept of the present invention, several deformations and improvements can still be made, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the invention patent should be subject to the appended claims.

Claims

1. A voltage regulation test method for a reversible solid oxide fuel cell, characterized in that It includes the following steps: Select the atmospheric pressure mode or the high-pressure mode according to the test requirements, and select to operate in the SOFC mode or the SOEC mode; The operation of the SOFC mode under the atmospheric pressure mode includes introducing gases into the air electrode and the fuel electrode and heating, controlling the power output through an electronic load, and directly discharging the tail gases at both electrodes after cooling; The operation of the SOEC mode under the atmospheric pressure mode includes introducing gases into the air electrode and the fuel electrode and heating, controlling the electrolysis power through a DC power supply, and measuring the production after the fuel tail gas is cooled, subjected to gas-liquid separation, and dried; In the high-pressure mode, first enter the pressurization stage. The pressurization stage includes closing the direct exhaust flow path of the fuel tail gas, connecting the front ends of the fuel discharge back pressure valve and the air discharge back pressure valve through a bypass branch, so that the pressure values of the fuel discharge back pressure valve and the air discharge back pressure valve are linked; introducing air into the cabin section to pressurize, and during the pressurization process, through the linkage adjustment of the fuel discharge back pressure valve, the air discharge back pressure valve, and the cold air outlet back pressure valve, controlling the discharge pressures of the fuel tail gas, the air tail gas, and the cold air, and maintaining the stable pressurization of the test system; After the pressurization is completed, the fuel electrode is switched to introduce fuel and the bypass branch is closed, and then enter the SOFC mode or the SOEC mode.

2. The pressure regulation test method of the reversible solid oxide fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized in that The specific operation steps of the SOFC mode under the atmospheric pressure mode include: Start the tail gas cooling system, cool the fuel electrode tail gas and the air electrode tail gas through the cooling gas, and monitor the cooling temperature; Open the fuel tail gas direct discharge valve and the air discharge solenoid valve, and close the fuel tail gas bypass valve to directly discharge the tail gas; Introduce fuel into the fuel electrode and air into the air electrode, and precisely adjust the flow rates through the mass flow controllers; Start the fuel heater, the air heater, and the high-temperature furnace, and adjust the heating power to raise the temperature of the stack to the target temperature; Start the water inlet flow path to humidify the fuel, and use the evaporator to mix the water vapor with the fuel; When the stack reaches the operating temperature, start the electronic load to control the power output, and monitor the operating state of the stack in real time through the pressure gauge and the thermometer.

3. The voltage regulation test method of the reversible solid oxide fuel cell according to claim 2, characterized in that The exhaust port of the air electrode tail gas is arranged inside the cabin section. The tail gas is first discharged into the cabin section and then discharged through the air exhaust pipeline of the cabin section. The same air discharge back pressure valve is used to realize the coordinated pressure regulation of the air electrode tail gas and the air inside the cabin section, avoiding excessive pressure difference between the air electrode and the cabin section.

4. The pressure regulation test method for the reversible solid oxide fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized in that The specific operation steps of the SOEC mode under the atmospheric pressure mode include: Start the tail gas cooling system, cool the fuel electrode tail gas and the air electrode tail gas through the cooling gas, and monitor the cooling temperature; Close the fuel tail gas direct discharge valve, open the fuel tail gas bypass solenoid valve, and make the fuel tail gas enter the drying tube and the flowmeter after being dewatered by the gas-liquid separator; Introduce fuel into the fuel electrode and air into the air electrode, and precisely adjust the flow rates through the mass flow controllers; Start the fuel heater, the air heater, and the high-temperature furnace, and adjust the heating power to raise the temperature of the stack to the target temperature; Start the water inlet flow path to humidify the fuel, and use the evaporator to mix the water vapor with the fuel; When the stack reaches the operating temperature, start the DC power supply to control the electrolysis power, measure the fuel production through the dew point meter and the flowmeter, and monitor the operating state of the stack in real time.

5. The voltage regulation test method of the reversible solid oxide fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized in that The specific pressurization stage in the high-pressure mode includes: Close the gas exhaust direct discharge valve, open the gas exhaust bypass valve, and link the gas exhaust back pressure valve with the front end pressure of the air exhaust back pressure valve; The protective gas is introduced into the gas electrode, and the air is introduced into the air electrode and the compartment, and the flow rate is adjusted by the mass flow controller and the electronic pressure regulating valve; Start the tail gas cooling system to cool the gas pole tail gas and air pole tail gas; By adjusting the opening of the gas discharge back pressure valve, air discharge back pressure valve and cold air outlet back pressure valve in a linked manner, the discharge pressure of each flow path is controlled to achieve stable system pressure increase; After the pressure stabilizes, close the protective gas inlet flow path, switch to supplying gas to the gas electrode, and close the bypass branch.

6. The pressure regulation test method for a reversible solid oxide fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized in that The specific operation steps of the SOFC mode in the high-pressure mode include: Start the gas heater, air heater and high-temperature furnace, and adjust the heating power to raise the temperature of the fuel cell stack to the target temperature; Start the water inlet flow path to humidify the gas, and use the evaporator to mix the water vapor with the gas; When the stack reaches the operating temperature, the electronic load is started to control the power output, and the operating status of the stack is monitored in real time through the pressure gauge and thermometer; The opening of the electronic pressure regulating valve is adjusted synchronously to control the cooling gas flow rate and ensure that the exhaust gas is fully cooled.

7. The pressure regulation test method of the reversible solid oxide fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein The specific operation steps of the SOEC mode under the high-pressure mode include: Start the gas heater, air heater and high-temperature furnace, and adjust the heating power to raise the temperature of the fuel cell stack to the target temperature; Start the water inlet flow path to humidify the gas, and use the evaporator to mix the water vapor with the gas; When the stack reaches the operating temperature, the DC power supply is started to control the electrolysis power, and the gas production is measured through the dew point meter and flow meter, while the stack operation status is monitored in real time; The opening of the electronic pressure regulating valve is adjusted synchronously to control the cooling gas flow rate and ensure that the exhaust gas is fully cooled.

8. The pressure regulation test method for the reversible solid oxide fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized in that It also includes a pressure reduction stage, which includes opening a bypass branch to connect the gas exhaust back pressure valve and the air exhaust back pressure valve to achieve pressure linkage; stopping heating, adjusting the heater and furnace power to cool the battery to room temperature; cutting off the supply of air, gas, and protective gas; closing related valves to stop pressurization; controlling the pressure of each flow path through the linkage of each back pressure valve and the bypass valve, and gradually increasing the opening of the back pressure valve to slowly discharge the gas.

9. The pressure regulation test method of the reversible solid oxide fuel cell according to claim 8, characterized in that The specific steps of the depressurization stage include: Open the gas tail gas bypass valve to realize the pressure linkage between the gas electrode and the air electrode; Close the water inlet flow path, stop humidification, and gradually reduce the heater and furnace power to cool the stack to room temperature; Close the solenoid valves and flow controllers of the air, fuel gas and protective gas inlet paths to cut off the gas supply; Close the boost air intake valve and stop supplying air to the compartment; By adjusting the opening of the cold air outlet back pressure valve, air discharge back pressure valve and gas discharge back pressure valve in a linked manner, the gas slow discharge is controlled so that the system pressure can be steadily reduced to normal pressure.

10. The voltage regulation test method for a reversible solid oxide fuel cell according to any one of claims 5, 8, or 9, characterized in that In the high-pressure mode boosting stage, the shielding gas is an inert gas, and when the system pressure reaches the set target value, the shielding gas intake flow path is closed and the fuel gas intake flow path is opened synchronously to achieve disturbance-free switching of the fuel gas electrode intake from shielding gas to fuel gas. During the switching process, the pressure difference between the fuel gas electrode and the air electrode is monitored in real time, and a bypass branch is used to balance the pressure difference between the two electrodes.

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