Deflagration complex environment emulsification breaking agent and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of industrial crushing agents, and discloses a deflagration complex environment emulsification crushing agent and a preparation method thereof. The emulsifying and crushing agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of ammonium nitrate, 40-45 parts of porous granular ammonium nitrate, 5-10 parts of sodium nitrate, 10-20 parts of water, 4-7 parts of oil, 2-4 parts of an emulsifier, 2-10 parts of nano aluminum powder and 1-3 parts of a rare earth material. The cracking agent has the advantages of simple preparation process, high safety, high stability and low sensitivity, is low in deflagration speed, can meet the requirements of the cracking agent for the dissimilar metal complex environment, and can be applied to different complex environments by adjusting the material ratio and dosage.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of industrial fracturing agents, and more particularly relates to an emulsion fracturing agent for deflagration in a complex environment and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In a complex environment, the application of emulsion fracturing agents has gradually attracted attention, especially in fields such as petroleum, chemical industry, and mining. A complex environment generally refers to an environment with extreme temperature, pressure, pH value, ionic strength, or the presence of various interfering substances. In such an environment, the performance of conventional fracturing agents will be affected, so it is necessary to select a fracturing agent with better stability and adaptability. The emulsion fracturing agent for a complex environment can also be applied to metal welding. By using the huge energy generated by the explosion of the fracturing agent, it drives the metal plates to collide at high speed, generates high pressure at the contact surface, forms a metal jet on the surface, and forms a metallurgical bond between the two. The application of the emulsion fracturing agent for a complex environment can improve the welding effect of metal materials with extremely different physical properties. Therefore, the emulsion fracturing agent for a complex environment plays an extremely important role in the explosion processing industry. Due to the special requirements of complex environment technology, the deflagration speed of the fracturing agent for a complex environment must be controlled within the range of 1300 m / s to 2800 m / s to achieve better results, while the deflagration speed of common civil fracturing agents is generally between 3000 m / s and 6000 m / s. Therefore, reducing the deflagration speed of the fracturing agent for a complex environment has great practical significance.

[0003] Currently, the deflagration fracturing agents for complex environments at home and abroad are mainly prepared by mixing diluents such as salt, talcum powder, and expanded perlite with powdered fracturing agents such as expanded ammonium nitrate fracturing agent, powdered modified ammonium oil fracturing agent (ANFO), and powdered emulsion fracturing agent on-site in a complex environment. Some people use oil and diluents to produce expanded ammonium oil fracturing agent for complex environments with expanded ammonium nitrate, and it has excellent performance. However, the above-mentioned fracturing agents have high energy consumption, large dust, are prone to moisture absorption and caking when the air is humid, and diluents such as salt will have a certain corrosive effect on the welded metal, and mixing diluents on-site increases potential safety hazards. For the prepared deflagration fracturing agent, it is necessary to have a suitable deflagration speed, and at the same time, it should have good flowability, stability, and process preparation ability to be better applied in the industrial field.

[0004] Furthermore, there are still many deficiencies in the current improvement solutions for the fracturing agent. For example, Chinese Patent CN102010169A discloses a static fracturing agent, which is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60-90 parts of a hydrated swelling substance; 4-10 parts of a hydraulic substance; 2-4 parts of a hydration retarder; 1-2 parts of a water reducing agent; 2-4 parts of an expansion and force increasing agent; and 1-31 parts of a cementing and strengthening agent. Although this method can perform static blasting on marble, the reaction time is long, which is time-consuming and laborious. Chinese Patent CN116199479A discloses a new type of static fracturing agent and its preparation method. The calcination temperature of the main material calcium oxide of the new type of static fracturing agent is high, and the constant temperature time is long. The short-term contact with the air environment has a direct impact on its performance. At the same time, prior arts such as Chinese Patent CN114163285A, CN112409111A, CN104341253A, CN109369314A, etc. disclose emulsion explosives, the raw materials of which include ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate, etc., and some rare earth materials are also used. However, these technologies do not provide an overall proportioning scheme for the fracturing agent in complex environments. Especially in terms of controlling the deflagration speed and the use of rare earth isooctanoate materials, the technical effect of reducing the deflagration speed is not involved, and in complex environmental conditions, the technical improvement in terms of its stability and adaptability is still insufficient. Therefore, there are still many disadvantages when the existing fracturing agents are applied to complex environments, including problems such as too high deflagration speed, excessive energy consumption, poor fluidity, and potential safety hazards, which urgently need to be further optimized. Under complex environmental conditions, the emulsion fracturing agent needs to have good thermal stability and chemical stability to ensure the effect during use. The above technical solutions do not meet the applicability of the fracturing agent in complex environments.

[0005] Therefore, how to provide an emulsion fracturing agent for deflagration in complex environments and its preparation method is a technical problem that those skilled in the art urgently need to solve. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides an emulsion fracturing agent for deflagration in complex environments with good explosion performance and safety performance, and its preparation method, which has the advantages of simple preparation process, high safety, high stability, and low sensitivity. In order to further optimize the performance of the fracturing agent, it is found through research that by adjusting the proportion of key raw materials, such as increasing the proportion of expanded graphite, the deflagration speed can be effectively controlled and its stability can be improved.

[0007] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0008] An emulsion fracturing agent for deflagration in complex environments, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of ammonium nitrate, 39-45 parts of porous granular ammonium nitrate, 5-10 parts of sodium nitrate, 10-20 parts of water, 4-7 parts of oil, 2-4 parts of an emulsifier, 2-10 parts of nano-aluminum powder, and 1-3 parts of rare earth materials.

[0009] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are as follows: Adding aluminum powder to the fracturing agent can effectively enhance the total energy released during the explosion, improve the working ability and explosion power of the fracturing agent. The energy level of the oxidation reaction of aluminum is relatively high, but its reaction rate is usually much lower than that of the pure matrix fracturing agent, resulting in the reaction of aluminum powder being completed and releasing energy during the expansion process of the detonation products after the CJ plane. Its detonation is divided into two processes. The first process is that the aluminum powder directly undergoes a detonation reaction with the components of the fracturing agent to form detonation products; the second process is that the unreacted aluminum powder undergoes a secondary reaction with the detonation gas products to form the final detonation products.

[0010] Preferably, the raw materials further include expanded graphite.

[0011] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are as follows: Expanded graphite has a loose and porous structure, is non-toxic and harmless, has a strong adsorption capacity for organic compounds, and also has properties such as high temperature resistance, low temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, and unique mechanical properties. Expanded graphite does not react with other raw materials in the formula and can better mix with the emulsified matrix to form a relatively stable substance. Due to the unique physical properties of expanded graphite, when the emulsified matrix is mixed with expanded graphite, the volume of the formed substance increases, and the water-in-oil type emulsified matrix is not easy to absorb moisture and has good fluidity. Expanded graphite can be fully mixed into the substance to form a deflagration emulsified fracturing agent.

[0012] Expanded graphite has good heat resistance and flame retardant effects, making the deflagration emulsified fracturing agent have higher sensitivity and better safety. The special structure of expanded graphite can effectively reduce the density of the emulsified fracturing agent, thereby reducing the detonation propagation speed of the fracturing agent.

[0013] The internal space of expanded graphite is in a network structure, which plays an important role in improving the detonation sensitivity of the fracturing agent. When the high-temperature emulsified matrix is mixed with expanded graphite, the emulsified matrix coats the surface of expanded graphite and encloses microbubbles, which can form "hot spots" during the explosion reaction, thereby improving the initiation and detonation sensitivity of the fracturing agent.

[0014] Preferably, the bulk density of the ammonium nitrate is 2.26 g / cm 3 .

[0015] Preferably, the chemical formula of the porous granular ammonium nitrate is NH4NO3·nH2O, where n = 0.2 - 0.3.

[0016] Preferably, the bulk density of the porous granular ammonium nitrate is 0.8 g / cm 3 .

[0017] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are as follows: Porous granular ammonium nitrate is a white granular material, which appears porous in appearance, has a loose texture, is easy to absorb moisture, contains crystal water in its molecules, has a lower melting point than ammonium nitrate, is more prone to deliquescence and decomposition than ammonium nitrate, and can be directly added to the emulsion matrix. The large particle size of porous granular ammonium nitrate can better reduce the density of the fracturing agent and thus reduce the deflagration speed.

[0018] Preferably, the oil is selected from one or more of machine oil, diesel oil, mineral oil, corn oil, soybean oil, paraffin wax, petrolatum wax, microcrystalline wax, and beeswax.

[0019] Preferably, the emulsifier is selected from one of polyisobutylene succinic anhydride derivatives and a mixture of polyisobutylene succinic anhydride derivatives and Span 80.

[0020] Preferably, the polyisobutylene succinic anhydride derivative is selected from one of the grades T151, T152, and T154.

[0021] Preferably, the rare earth material is rare earth isooctanoate.

[0022] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are as follows: Rare earth isooctanoate is safe, non-toxic, inexpensive, and has unique physical and chemical properties. It can be compounded with other metal salts to form a composite stabilizer to play a synergistic role, and can better mix with the water phase and the oil phase to form a relatively stable substance. At the same time, the rare earth material can change the surface energy of the material by interacting with the material surface, enabling effective dispersion of the deflagration fracturing agent, reducing the density and thus reducing the deflagration speed.

[0023] Preferably, the deflagration speed of the emulsion fracturing agent is 1800 - 2500 m / s.

[0024] The present invention also provides a preparation method of the above deflagration emulsion fracturing agent in a complex environment, comprising the following steps:

[0025] S1: At room temperature, ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate, nano-aluminum powder, and water are mixed and stirred thoroughly to dissolve, obtaining an aqueous phase;

[0026] S2: At room temperature, the emulsifier and the oil are mixed and stirred thoroughly to dissolve, obtaining an oil phase;

[0027] S3: The rare earth material and the aqueous phase obtained in step S1 are slowly added to the oil phase, and stirred in a stirring mixer to obtain a water-in-oil emulsion matrix;

[0028] S4: The emulsion matrix obtained in step S3 is fully mixed with porous granular ammonium nitrate to obtain a colloidal matrix;

[0029] S5: The colloidal matrix obtained in step S4 is added to expandable graphite and dispersed and mixed evenly to obtain an emulsion fracturing agent.

[0030] Preferably, the rotation speed of the stirring in step S3 is 1500 r / min, and the time is 6 min.

[0031] Preferably, the mass ratio of the colloidal matrix to the expanded graphite in step S5 is 80 - 90:10 - 20.

[0032] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are as follows: Since the colloidal matrix has certain fluidity and adhesiveness, and the expanded graphite has certain self - adhesiveness, it is easy to be dispersed and mixed with the expanded graphite. Fully dispersing and mixing the freshly prepared colloidal matrix with the expanded graphite plays an important role in improving stability.

[0033] As can be seen from the above - mentioned technical solution, compared with the prior art, the present invention provides an emulsion breaker for deflagration in a complex environment and its preparation method, having the following beneficial effects:

[0034] 1. The emulsion breaker obtained by the present invention has the advantages of simple preparation process, high safety, high stability, and low sensitivity. The deflagration speed is low, which can meet the requirements of the breaker for different metal complex environments, and can be applied to different complex environments by adjusting the material ratio and dosage.

[0035] 2. Rare earth isooctanoate can be compounded with its metal salt to form a composite heat stabilizer to play a synergistic role, and can better mix with the water phase and the oil phase to form a relatively stable substance. The emulsion matrix can form a stable W / O - type structure. The emulsion matrix and the expanded graphite can be mixed and dissolved. The prepared breaker is not easy to absorb moisture and has good flowability. Expanded graphite is a non - toxic substance, with wide sources and moderate prices, reducing the cost of the breaker. By adjusting the ratio of expanded graphite to porous granular ammonium nitrate, the density, deflagration speed and sensitivity of the breaker can be changed, so as to optimize its application in a specific environment. When the proportion of expanded graphite increases, the hygroscopicity and flowability of the breaker can be significantly improved, the deflagration speed can be reduced, and the detonation sensitivity of the breaker can be increased. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only the embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained according to the provided drawings.

[0037] Figure 1 It is the process flow chart of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0038] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0039] The process flow chart of the present invention is as follows Figure 1 As shown, the final result is an emulsified crushing agent, i.e., a finished explosive product.

[0040] Example 1

[0041] A method for preparing an emulsified crushing agent for a complex deflagration environment comprises the following steps:

[0042] S1: At room temperature, 15 parts of water, 5 parts of nano aluminum powder, 15 parts of ammonium nitrate and 6 parts of sodium nitrate were mixed, added into a water phase proportioning tank and stirred thoroughly to dissolve, thereby obtaining a water phase;

[0043] S2: At room temperature, mix 4.5 parts of diesel and engine oil with equal weight and 2.5 parts of emulsifier T-154, add them into the oil phase proportioning tank, stir and mix to obtain the oil phase;

[0044] S3: At room temperature, slowly add the water phase and 2 parts of rare earth isooctanoate into the oil phase, continuously increase the speed to 1500 r / min in the stirring mixer, and stir for 6 minutes to obtain a water-in-oil (W / O) emulsified base;

[0045] S4: thoroughly mixing the emulsified base with 40 parts of porous granular ammonium nitrate to obtain a colloidal base;

[0046] S5: adding expanded graphite into the colloidal matrix, and under the continuous and sufficient stirring and dispersing action of a stirring machine, the expanded graphite is fully combined with the colloidal matrix to obtain an emulsified crushing agent.

[0047] Example 2

[0048] A method for preparing an emulsified crushing agent for a complex deflagration environment comprises the following steps:

[0049] S1: At room temperature, 14 parts of water, 6 parts of nano aluminum powder, 14 parts of ammonium nitrate and 6 parts of sodium nitrate were mixed, added into a water phase proportioning tank and stirred thoroughly to dissolve, thereby obtaining a water phase;

[0050] S2: At room temperature, mix 4.5 parts of diesel and engine oil with equal weight and 42 parts of emulsifier T-15, add them into the oil phase proportioning tank, stir and mix to obtain the oil phase;

[0051] S3: At room temperature, slowly add 1.5 parts of rare earth isooctanoate to the aqueous phase and then slowly add them to the oil phase. Continuously increase the rotation speed to 1500 r / min in a stirring mixer and stir for 6 min to obtain a water-in-oil (W / O) type emulsified matrix.

[0052] S4: Thoroughly mix the emulsified matrix with 40 parts of porous granular ammonium nitrate to obtain a colloidal matrix.

[0053] S5: Add expanded graphite to the colloidal matrix. Under the continuous and thorough stirring and dispersion of a stirring machine, the expanded graphite and the colloidal matrix are fully combined to obtain an emulsified breaker.

[0054] Example 3

[0055] A preparation method of an emulsified breaker for a deflagration complex environment, comprising the following steps:

[0056] S1: At room temperature, add 13 parts of water, 5.5 parts of nano-aluminum powder, 14 parts of ammonium nitrate, and 6 parts of sodium nitrate to a water-phase proportioning tank and stir thoroughly to dissolve them to obtain an aqueous phase.

[0057] S2: At room temperature, mix 4.5 parts of diesel and machine oil with the same specific gravity and 2 parts of emulsifier T-154, and add them to an oil-phase proportioning tank and stir and mix to obtain an oil phase.

[0058] S3: At room temperature, slowly add the aqueous phase and 2 parts of rare earth isooctanoate to the oil phase. Continuously increase the rotation speed to 1500 r / min in a stirring mixer and stir for 6 min to obtain a water-in-oil (W / O) type emulsified matrix.

[0059] S4: Thoroughly mix the emulsified matrix with 39 parts of porous granular ammonium nitrate to obtain a colloidal matrix.

[0060] S5: Add expanded graphite to the colloidal matrix. Under the continuous and thorough stirring and dispersion of a stirring machine, the expanded graphite and the colloidal matrix are fully combined to finally obtain an emulsified breaker.

[0061] Test experiment

[0062] The deflagration speed test experiment is measured by a BSW-3A deflagration speed tester. Pour the emulsified breaker prepared in each example into a container with dimensions of 30 cm in length, 3 cm in width, and 3 cm in height. The thickness of the breaker is arranged to be 20 mm, and the distance between the two probes for measuring the deflagration speed is 8 cm. Each example is tested 3 times and the average value is taken. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0063] Table 1

[0064]

[0065] The foregoing description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. An emulsifying and crushing agent for deflagration in a complex environment, characterized in that, The invention comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10 to 20 parts of ammonium nitrate, 39 to 45 parts of porous granular ammonium nitrate, 5 to 10 parts of sodium nitrate, 10 to 20 parts of water, 4 to 7 parts of oil, 2 to 4 parts of emulsifier, 2 to 10 parts of nano aluminum powder and 1 to 3 parts of rare earth material.

2. A deflagration complex environment emulsifying and crushing agent according to claim 1, characterized in that, The raw material also includes expanded graphite.

3. The emulsifying and crushing agent for deflagration in a complex environment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The chemical formula of the porous granular ammonium nitrate is NH4NO3·nH2O, where n=0.2-0.

3.

4. The emulsified fragmentation agent for deflagration in a complex environment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The oil is selected from one or more of engine oil, diesel, mineral oil, corn oil, soybean oil, paraffin, vaseline wax, microcrystalline wax, and beeswax.

5. A deflagration complex environment emulsifying crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that The emulsifier is selected from one of a polyisobutylene succinic anhydride derivative, a mixture of a polyisobutylene succinic anhydride derivative and Span 80.

6. The emulsifying and crushing agent for deflagration in a complex environment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rare earth material is rare earth isooctanoate.

7. The preparation method of an emulsion breaker for deflagration in a complex environment according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The following steps are involved: S1: At room temperature, ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate, nano-aluminum powder and water are mixed and stirred to dissolve to obtain an aqueous phase; S2: Mix the emulsifier and the oil at room temperature and stir them thoroughly to dissolve them to obtain an oil phase; S3: slowly adding the rare earth material and the water phase obtained in step S1 into the oil phase, stirring in a stirring mixer to obtain an oil-in-water emulsified matrix; S4: fully mixing the emulsified matrix obtained in step S3 with the porous granular ammonium nitrate to obtain a colloidal matrix; S5: adding the colloidal matrix obtained in step S4 into the expanded graphite to disperse and mix evenly to obtain an emulsified crushing agent.

8. A preparation method of an emulsion breaker for deflagration in a complex environment according to any one of claims 7, characterized in that The stirring speed in step S3 is 1500 r / min and the stirring time is 6 min.

9. A preparation method of an emulsion breaking agent for deflagration in a complex environment according to any one of claims 7, characterized in that, In step S5, the mass ratio of the colloidal matrix to the expanded graphite is 80-90:10-20.

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