Horizontal well pipe wall perforating tool

Abstract

The invention discloses a horizontal well pipe wall perforating tool. The horizontal well pipe wall perforating tool comprises a gear shifting differential crawling short section, an anchoring centering short section, a rotary connecting short section and an eccentric perforating short section. The gear-shifting differential crawling short section realizes differential walking and variable-diameter folding functions through a first gear-shifting driving mechanism; the anchoring centering short section is of a telescopic multi-stage anchoring arm structure, and it is guaranteed that the tool is stably centered and bears axial counter force in the perforating process. The connecting short section is rotated, so that all the modules synchronously rotate in the circumferential direction; and the eccentric perforating short section integrates a second gear shifting driving mechanism, a lower eccentric structure and a hydraulic perforating executing mechanism, so that the radial extension, rotary cutting and perforating position control of the drill bit are realized. According to the invention, modules are cooperatively matched, a multi-section perforating task is completed through the steps of differential propulsion, directional anchoring, eccentric control, hydraulic perforating and the like, and the multi-section perforating device has the functions of jamming obstacle crossing, self-adaptive posture adjustment, retraction protection and the like. The device is compact in structure, flexible to control, high in perforating precision and suitable for all-directional perforating operation of the pipe wall of the horizontal well section.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of oil and gas exploitation, and particularly relates to a horizontal well pipe wall perforation tool applicable to pipe string perforation operations in the build section and horizontal section of horizontal wells. Background Art

[0002] During the process of oil and gas exploration and development, the wide application of horizontal well technology has improved the exploitation efficiency of oil and gas resources. In horizontal well development, especially in pressure-bearing working conditions such as wellbore maintenance and pipe string jamming, perforation is often required to release the wellbore pressure for subsequent operations such as cutting and pipe pulling. However, in horizontal wells, due to the long well section and complex build section, usually accompanied by a large well inclination angle and a small curvature radius, it is extremely easy to cause the perforation tool to become stuck, the friction resistance to increase, and it is difficult to smoothly reach the target position. Therefore, higher requirements are put forward for the adaptability and lowering performance of the perforation tool.

[0003] Existing conventional perforation tools are mainly cable-conveyed perforation tools or pyrotechnic perforation devices. These tools are mostly applicable to vertical well sections or well sections with a small well inclination. The existing cable-conveyed perforation tools lack the adaptability to complex well sections, and have problems such as poor passability in the build section, inaccurate positioning, and easy jamming; in addition, pyrotechnic perforation is restricted by the transportation, storage, and safety control of pyrotechnic products, and its on-site emergency application is limited.

[0004] In summary, there is an urgent need to design a downhole pipe wall perforation tool and perforation method applicable to the complex build section well conditions of horizontal wells, with good crawling ability and direction control ability. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention provides a horizontal well pipe wall perforation tool and perforation method with precise actions and strong adaptability to solve the technical problems in the prior art that it cannot adapt to the complex working conditions of the build section and horizontal section of horizontal wells, and has problems such as jamming and inaccurate positioning, and realizes the purpose of stable lowering and precise positioning of the perforation tool in horizontal wells.

[0006] For this reason, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: A horizontal well pipe wall perforation tool includes a shift differential crawling sub, an anchoring and centering sub, a rotating connection sub, and an eccentric perforation sub; The shift differential crawling sub is used to drive the perforation tool to move forward along the pipe wall in the build section and horizontal section.

[0007] The anchoring and centering sub is used to position, center, and anchor the perforation tool when it encounters resistance in the build section or during perforation operations; The rotating connection sub is used to realize the relative rotational connection between the anchoring and centering sub and the eccentric perforation sub; The eccentric perforating sub is used to achieve the eccentricity of the perforating sub on the basis of overall centering and punch holes in the pipe wall.

[0008] When this application is used: A cable is used to lower the perforating tool into the well. The tool's active crawling and obstacle-crossing operations in the vertical section, build section, and horizontal section are achieved through the shift differential crawling sub. When encountering resistance or needing to adjust the attitude, the tool's in-situ anchoring and centering positioning are achieved through the anchoring centering sub, and the circumferential attitude adjustment of the crawling wheels is completed in cooperation with the shift differential crawling sub to ensure the smooth passage of complex well sections. After the tool reaches the predetermined perforating position, stable anchoring and precise centering are achieved again through the anchoring centering sub. Then, through the eccentric perforating sub in sequence, the overall rotation positioning of the perforating assembly and the eccentricity of the perforating sub are realized, and finally the perforating operation is completed. After the perforating operation is over, all the subs are closed, and the tool is lifted back by the cable to complete the perforating operation.

[0009] In this solution, the shift differential crawling sub and the anchoring centering sub cooperate with each other. When the tool encounters resistance or needs to rotate and adjust the attitude of the shift differential crawling sub, they can provide a rigid support foundation for the perforating tool, avoiding displacement or eccentricity from affecting the operation accuracy, and are particularly suitable for precise operations in the build section and the perforating section. The rotating connection sub, as the core of the rotational connection between the subs, has a compact structure and smooth rotation, which can ensure efficient and stable relative rotational movements between adjacent subs, providing the necessary mechanism guarantee for the circumferential positioning of the drill bit. The eccentric perforating sub integrates an eccentric rotation mechanism, a perforating drill bit, and a hydraulic control system, and can achieve four functions: the rotational positioning, eccentricity, drill bit rotation, and hydraulic telescopic control of the perforating assembly, and is suitable for various pipe wall structures.

[0010] Further, the shift differential crawling sub includes a first shift driving mechanism for driving the crawling wheels to rotate in the axial direction and realizing the circumferential rotation of the differential crawling sub, a differential mechanism for enabling the crawling wheels to rotate at different speeds in the build section of the well, and a first diameter-changing mechanism for driving all the crawling wheels to expand or retract in the radial direction.

[0011] In this solution, the first shift mechanism can drive the crawling wheels to roll in the axial direction to achieve the stable propulsion of the whole string of tools in the wellbore. When encountering complex situations such as resistance or failed obstacle crossing, this driving mechanism can switch to the circumferential driving mode, cooperate with the anchoring centering sub to anchor and position first, and then realize the slow rotation of the shift differential crawling sub around the tool axis to complete the adjustment of the crawling path of the crawling wheels. The differential mechanism can enable the two-side crawling wheels to rotate at different speeds during the crawling process to adapt to the curved or asymmetric structure of the well wall, improving the wall-following ability and forward stability. The first diameter-changing mechanism controls the expansion or retraction of the crawling wheels in the radial direction to achieve the flexible contact or detachment between the perforating tool and the pipe wall.

[0012] Further, the first shift driving mechanism includes a first driving device for driving a first transmission shaft. The first transmission shaft is fixedly connected to a first synchronous pulley and is sleeved respectively with a first spur gear and a second spur gear in a rotatable but non-driving manner. The first synchronous cover rotates synchronously under the drive of the first synchronous pulley. A first shift lever can drive the first synchronous cover to axially slide along the first synchronous pulley. A first linear driving device drives the first shift lever to perform a circumferential linear motion to control the engagement of the first spur gear and the second spur gear. The first spur gear drives a first bevel gear to rotate through a first intermediate transmission assembly. The first bevel gear transmits power to the differential mechanism. The second spur gear drives a first internal gear to rotate through a second intermediate transmission assembly. The first internal gear is fixedly connected to a first crawling housing and is rotatably connected to a second crawling housing.

[0013] In this solution, the connection method between the synchronous cover and the synchronous pulley is not limited, and connections such as sliding keys and splines can be used. The first linear driving device preferably adopts a high-precision linear driving device to ensure the smooth execution of the shifting action under complex well conditions, thereby effectively improving the stability and reliability of the shifting mechanism.

[0014] In addition, the first intermediate transmission assembly and the second intermediate transmission assembly can, according to actual working conditions, achieve torque or speed adjustment functions through multi-stage transmission, improving the power adaptability of the perforating tool during downhole operations.

[0015] Further, the differential mechanism includes a second bevel gear meshing with the first bevel gear. The second bevel gear is fixedly connected to a third bevel gear. The third bevel gear transmits power to a fifth bevel gear through at least two groups of fourth bevel gears. The third bevel gear and the fifth bevel gear are respectively fixedly connected to a second transmission shaft and a third transmission shaft and drive a crawling wheel to rotate through a third intermediate transmission assembly.

[0016] In this solution, when the two crawling wheels crawl synchronously at the same speed, the multiple groups of fourth bevel gears in the differential mechanism remain in a non-rotating state, and power can be directly and stably transmitted to the two crawling wheels to achieve stable propulsion. When the perforating tool needs to perform attitude adjustment or obstacle-crossing actions in the deviated section or under complex pipe wall conditions, the two crawling wheels rotate at different speeds. At this time, the multiple groups of fourth bevel gears will generate a self-rotating motion to automatically offset the speed difference and improve the tool's ability to adapt to the downhole environment.

[0017] In addition, to meet the crawling torque requirements in high-resistance environments during downhole obstacle-crossing or in large-angle deviated sections, the third intermediate transmission assembly connected to the output end of the differential mechanism adopts a multi-stage gear train design, and torque amplification and stable output are achieved through the combination of the number of gear stages.

[0018] Furthermore, the first diameter-changing mechanism includes a second driving device, the second driving device is fixedly connected to the first push rod, the first push rod is fixedly connected to the center bracket via a first elastic device, the center bracket and the fixed bracket are rotatably connected to the suspension arm, and the fixed bracket is fixedly connected to the crawling arm.

[0019] In this solution, the suspension arm is provided with an elastic suspension structure, so that the crawling wheel has a certain radial adaptive adjustment capability during the forward movement, ensuring that the crawling wheel always maintains good contact with the pipe wall and improving the obstacle crossing capability.

[0020] Furthermore, the anchoring center short section includes a third driving device, the third driving device is fixedly connected to the second push rod, the second push rod is fixedly connected to the upper anchoring bracket through the second elastic device, the upper anchoring bracket is fixedly connected to the upper slider, the upper slider is rotatably connected to the upper anchoring arm, the upper anchoring arm is rotatably connected to the lower anchoring arm, the lower anchoring arm is rotatably connected to the lower slider, the lower slider is fixedly connected to the lower anchoring bracket, the second elastic device and the upper anchoring bracket are slidably connected to the central axis, and can slide axially along the central axis.

[0021] In this solution, the third drive device drives the anchor arm to expand radially through the slider to achieve rapid centering and stable anchoring in the well. It works in conjunction with the differential shift crawling sub and the eccentric perforating sub to improve obstacle crossing efficiency and perforation accuracy, and adapt to complex well conditions.

[0022] In addition, a limiting mechanism can be provided between the upper anchoring arm and the lower anchoring arm to limit the maximum deployment angle and prevent damage to the mechanism caused by excessive deployment.

[0023] Furthermore, the rotary connection short section includes a rotary shell, and the rotary shell is fixedly connected to the first rotary bearing, the second rotary bearing and the split screw ring respectively.

[0024] Furthermore, the eccentric perforating sub includes a perforating mechanism for perforating the pipe wall, a second gear shifting driving mechanism for driving the perforating mechanism to be eccentric and the eccentric perforating sub to rotate as a whole, and a lower eccentric mechanism for maintaining a balanced perforating force; The structure of the second shifting drive mechanism is the same as that of the first shifting drive mechanism, including a fourth driving device, a fourth transmission shaft, a second synchronizing wheel, a second synchronizing cover, a second shifting lever. The fourth transmission shaft is sleeved between the third spur gear and the fourth spur gear in a rotatable but non-driving manner. The second synchronizing cover rotates synchronously under the drive of the second synchronizing wheel and axially slides along the second synchronizing wheel under the action of the second shifting lever to control the engagement of the third spur gear and the fourth spur gear. The third spur gear is power-engaged with the fifth spur gear through a fourth intermediate transmission assembly. The fifth spur gear is fixedly connected to the anchoring centering short section. The fourth spur gear is power-transmitted to the first perforating housing through a fifth intermediate transmission assembly; The lower eccentric mechanism includes a fifth driving device that drives the sixth spur gear to rotate. The sixth spur gear is power-transmitted to the first perforating housing through a sixth intermediate transmission assembly.

[0025] In this solution, the eccentric perforating short section is connected to the lower eccentric mechanism through the second shifting drive mechanism to achieve the positioning and eccentric movement of the perforating short section. When the perforating tool reaches the predetermined position, the second shifting drive mechanism first switches to the rotation gear to drive the perforating short section to rotate slowly, thereby completing the precise positioning of the perforating direction. After the positioning is completed, the shifting drive mechanism switches to the eccentric gear and cooperates with the lower eccentric mechanism to move synchronously to achieve the radial eccentric movement of the perforating mechanism. The eccentric structure is symmetrically arranged, which can achieve balanced stress during the perforating operation, significantly improve the stability and reliability of the perforating process, avoid the short section swing or structural damage caused by eccentric load, and ensure the perforating accuracy and operation safety.

[0026] In addition, the fourth intermediate transmission assembly and the fifth intermediate transmission assembly can adopt multi-stage transmission to adjust the torque or speed according to the actual working conditions. The second linear drive device is preferably a high-precision linear drive device to ensure the smooth execution of the shifting action under complex well conditions.

[0027] Furthermore, the perforating mechanism includes a hydraulic telescopic control device for controlling the telescopic movement of the drill bit and a drill bit rotation control mechanism for rotating the drill bit. The drill bit rotation control mechanism includes a sixth driving device that drives the sixth bevel gear to rotate. The sixth bevel gear is power-engaged with the seventh bevel gear. The seventh bevel gear is fixedly connected to the rotating seat. The rotating seat is fixedly connected to the drill bit through an internal spline, and a third elastic device is provided between them. The rotating seat is rotatably connected to the fixed cover through a third rotating bearing. The fixed cover is fixedly connected to the first perforating housing; Further, the hydraulic telescopic control device includes an oil tank, a hydraulic pump, a check valve, a two-way three-position directional control valve, a pressure reducing valve, an accumulator, and a pilot-operated relief valve. The hydraulic pump is connected to the oil tank through an oil pipeline to provide a system pressure oil source. The hydraulic pump is connected to the two-way three-position directional control valve through an oil pipeline to form a drill bit extension oil circuit. The two-way three-position directional control valve has two switching states, respectively used to control the hydraulic oil to enter the extension cavity of the drill bit and the hydraulic oil in the extension cavity to flow back to the oil tank through the two-way three-position directional control valve. The hydraulic pump is connected to the check valve, the pressure reducing valve, the accumulator, and the pilot-operated relief valve in sequence through another oil pipeline to form a drill bit retraction oil circuit. The drill bit retraction oil circuit is connected to the drill bit retraction cavity through a rotary seal ring. The rotary seal ring is rotatably connected to the rotary seat.

[0028] In this solution, there is a hydraulic telescopic control device for driving the extension and retraction of the drill bit. The designed working pressure of the drill bit extension oil cavity in the system is 10 MPa, and the pressure of the drill bit retraction oil cavity is limited to 5 MPa by the pressure reducing valve. Under normal circumstances, the drill bit is kept in the initial contracted state by the third elastic device. When the hydraulic pump is started, through the control of the two-way three-position directional control valve, the hydraulic oil enters the drill bit extension oil cavity, pushing the drill bit to work outward. At the same time, the retraction oil cavity is filled with oil synchronously. Due to the installation of the pressure reducing valve, only a pressure of 5 MPa is maintained, forming a pressure difference to push the drill bit to extend stably. After the perforation is completed, the hydraulic pump is turned off, and the directional control valve is switched to connect the extension oil cavity with the oil tank, while the retraction oil cavity releases the pre-stored energy (pressure of 5 MPa) through the installed accumulator, and together with the third elastic device, the drill bit is automatically retracted. This structure can complete the recovery of the drill bit without relying on the pressure of the hydraulic pump. Even if the system fails, it can ensure the smooth recovery of the drill bit, significantly improving the operation safety and system reliability.

[0029] In addition, a pilot-operated relief valve is provided in the retraction oil circuit to prevent overpressure of the hydraulic system during the extension of the drill bit and play a role in pressure relief protection. The energy storage method of the accumulator is not limited and can be flexibly configured according to the on-site working conditions and structure. The working pressure of the drill bit extension oil cavity can be flexibly set according to the on-site working condition requirements, but it must be ensured that it is always higher than the retraction circuit pressure to ensure the effective extension and control accuracy of the drill bit.

[0030] The specific layout positions of hydraulic components such as the hydraulic pump and check valve in the hydraulic telescopic device can be adjusted according to the downhole space layout and actual working conditions as long as the hydraulic oil circuit functions required by this solution can be achieved.

[0031] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects: 1. A perforating tool for the wall of a horizontal well according to the present invention realizes the ability of self-adaptive forward movement and obstacle crossing in complex downhole well sections through a shift differential crawling sub. The crawling sub can flexibly select axial crawling or switch to a circumferential differential rotation mode through a first shift driving mechanism to adapt to irregular or blocked wellbore conditions. 2. A perforating tool for the wall of a horizontal well according to the present invention realizes accurate centering and stable positioning of the tool during downhole attitude adjustment and perforation process through an anchoring and centering sub. The anchoring devices are symmetrically arranged and can be automatically reset in cooperation with an elastic buffer structure, improving operation safety. It can be linked with the crawling sub to adjust the attitude and reposition in the build section or horizontal section to ensure accurate running direction and balanced force of the tool.

[0032] 3. A perforating tool for the wall of a horizontal well according to the present invention realizes the angle coordination and relative rotation between the internal subs of the perforating tool through a rotating connection sub, which is particularly suitable for the eccentric perforation positioning link, improving the overall maneuverability and downhole operation accuracy.

[0033] 4. A perforating tool for the wall of a horizontal well according to the present invention realizes accurate eccentricity and directional perforation of the perforating part on the basis of overall centering through an eccentric perforation sub. The perforating section first performs rotational positioning and then eccentric movement through a second shift driving mechanism and a lower eccentric mechanism. The two-step positioning improves the perforation accuracy. The eccentric structure is symmetrically arranged on both sides, with more balanced force, ensuring the stability of the perforation process and the drill bit life.

[0034] 5. A perforating tool for the wall of a horizontal well according to the present invention realizes safe and controllable management of the drill bit extension and retraction process through a hydraulic drill bit telescopic control system. The hydraulic pump drive cooperates with a two-position three-way directional control valve to control the drill bit telescopic action. An accumulator is arranged in the retraction circuit, and even if the hydraulic pump fails, the drill bit can be automatically retracted under the action of a third elastic component and an energy storage mechanism to avoid the risk of jamming. The system is equipped with a pilot-operated relief valve to provide overpressure protection for the oil circuit during the drill bit extension process, improving the overall reliability and safety of the system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the present invention, form a part of this application, and do not limit the embodiments of the present invention. In the drawings: Figure 1 is the front view of a specific embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 is the structural schematic diagram of the differential crawling sub in a specific embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 is the internal schematic diagram of the differential crawling sub in a specific embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 is Figure 3 the view from direction A of Figure 5 is Figure 3 the sectional view taken along line B-B; Figure 6 is the structural schematic diagram of the anchoring centering sub in the specific embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 is the internal schematic diagram of the anchoring centering sub in the specific embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 is the structural schematic diagram of the rotary connection sub in the specific embodiment of the present invention; Figure 9 is Figure 8 the sectional view taken along line C-C; Figure 10 is the structural schematic diagram of the eccentric perforation sub in the specific embodiment of the present invention; Figure 11 is Figure 10 the sectional view taken along line D-D; Figure 12 is Figure 10 the lower left isometric view with the outer shell removed at G; Figure 13 is Figure 10 the upper right isometric view with the outer shell removed at I; Figure 14 is Figure 1 the partial enlarged view with the outer shell removed at J; Figure 15 is Figure 10 the structural schematic diagram at H; Figure 16 is Figure 15 the sectional view taken along line E-E; Figure 17 is Figure 15 the view in the direction of F.

[0036] Figure 18 is the hydraulic schematic diagram of the hydraulic telescopic control device The labels in the drawings and the corresponding component names: 1-shift differential crawler short section, 101-first drive device, 102-first transmission shaft, 103-first synchronous wheel, 104-first spur gear, 105-second spur gear, 106-first synchronous cover, 107-first lever, 108-first linear drive device, 109-first intermediate transmission assembly, 110-first bevel gear, 111-second intermediate transmission assembly, 112-first internal gear, 113-first crawler housing, 114-second crawler housing Row housing, 115-second bevel gear, 116-third bevel gear, 117-fourth bevel gear, 118-fifth bevel gear, 119-second transmission shaft, 120-third transmission shaft, 121-third intermediate transmission assembly, 122-crawling wheel, 123-second driving device, 124-first push rod, 125-first elastic device, 126-center bracket, 127-suspension arm, 128-fixed bracket, 129-crawling arm, 2-anchoring center short section. 201-third driving device, 202-second push rod, 203-second elastic device, 204-upper anchor bracket, 205-upper slider, 206-upper anchor arm, 207-lower anchor arm, 208-lower slider, 209-lower anchor bracket, 210-central axis, 3-rotating connection short section, 301-rotating housing, 302-first rotating bearing, 303-second rotating bearing, 304-opening screw ring, 4-eccentric perforated short section, 401-fourth driving device, 402-fourth transmission shaft, 403-second synchronous wheel, 404-second synchronous cover, 405-second lever, 406-second linear driving device, 407-third spur gear, 408-fourth spur gear Gear, 409-fourth intermediate transmission assembly, 410-fifth spur gear, 411-fifth intermediate transmission assembly, 412-first perforated housing, 413-fifth driving device, 414-sixth spur gear, 415-sixth intermediate transmission assembly, 416-drill bit, 417-sixth driving device, 418-sixth bevel gear, 419-seventh bevel gear, 420-rotating seat, 421-third elastic device, 422-third rotating bearing, 423-fixed cover, 424-oil tank, 425-hydraulic pump, 426-one-way valve, 427-two-position three-way reversing valve, 428-pressure reducing valve, 429-accumulator, 430-pilot overflow valve, 431-rotating sealing ring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments and drawings. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their description are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0038] Embodiment 1: A horizontal well wall perforating tool, the tool comprises: Figure 1As shown, the perforating tool includes a shifting differential crawling sub-section 1, an anchoring centering sub-section 2, a rotating connection sub-section 3, and an eccentric perforating sub-section 4; The shifting differential crawling sub-section 1 is used to drive the perforating tool to move forward along the pipe wall in the deviated section and the horizontal section.

[0039] The anchoring centering sub-section 2 is used to position, center, and anchor the perforating tool when the perforating tool encounters resistance in the deviated section or during perforating operations; The rotating connection sub-section 3 is used to achieve the relative rotational connection between the anchoring centering sub-section 2 and the eccentric perforating sub-section 4; The eccentric perforating sub-section 4 is used to make the perforating sub-section eccentric on the basis of overall centering and punch holes in the pipe wall.

[0040] In this example, they are successively the differential crawling sub-section 1, the anchoring centering sub-section 2, the rotating connection sub-section 3, the eccentric perforating sub-section 4, the rotating connection sub-section 3, the anchoring centering sub-section 2, and the differential crawling sub-section 1. Among them, the differential crawling sub-section and the anchoring centering sub-section are fixedly connected by their split threads.

[0041] Embodiment 2: A horizontal well pipe wall perforating tool, on the basis of Embodiment 1, the shifting differential crawling sub-section 1 is as Figure 2 and Figure 3 shown, and includes a first shifting drive mechanism for driving the crawling wheel 122 to rotate axially and realizing the circumferential rotation of the differential crawling sub-section 1 around the tool axis, a differential mechanism for realizing the differential rotation of the left and right crawling wheels 122 in complex well sections such as the downhole deviated section, and a first diameter-changing mechanism for controlling the retraction and extension of the crawling wheel 122 in the radial direction.

[0042] In this example, the first shifting drive mechanism is as Figure 5As shown, it includes a first driving device 101, i.e., a motor, which is used to drive a first transmission shaft 102. The first transmission shaft 102 is fixedly connected to a first synchronous pulley 103, and is respectively sleeved on a first spur gear 104 and a second spur gear 105 in a rotatable but non-driven manner. A first synchronous cover 106 rotates synchronously under the drive of the first synchronous pulley 103. A first lever 107 can drive the first synchronous cover 106 to axially slide along the first synchronous pulley 103. A first linear driving device 108 drives the first lever 107 to perform a circumferential linear motion to control the engagement of the first spur gear 104 and the second spur gear 105. The first spur gear 104 drives a first bevel gear 110 to rotate through a first intermediate transmission assembly 109. The first bevel gear 110 transmits power to the differential mechanism. The second spur gear 105 drives a first internal gear 112 to rotate through a second intermediate transmission assembly 111. The first internal gear 112 is fixedly connected to a first crawling housing 113 and is rotatably connected to a second crawling housing 114.

[0043] In this embodiment, the differential mechanism is as Figure 3 shown, and includes a second bevel gear 115 meshing with the first bevel gear 110. The second bevel gear 115 is fixedly connected to a third bevel gear 116. The third bevel gear 116 transmits power to a fifth bevel gear 118 through at least two groups of fourth bevel gears 117. Multiple groups of fourth bevel gears 117 can be set to make the power transmission more stable. The third bevel gear 116 and the fifth bevel gear 118 are respectively fixedly connected to a second transmission shaft 119 and a third transmission shaft 120, and finally drive a crawler wheel 122 to rotate through a third intermediate transmission assembly 121.

[0044] In this embodiment, the first diameter-changing mechanism is as Figure 4 shown, and is used to control the crawler wheel 122 to expand or retract in the radial direction to achieve contact with or retraction from the wellbore wall. It includes a second driving device 123, i.e., a hydraulic cylinder. The second driving device 123 is fixedly connected to a first push rod 124. The first push rod 124 is fixedly connected to a central support 126 through a first elastic device 125 to maintain an initial elastic connection. The central support 126 and a fixed support 128 are hinged to a suspension arm 127. The crawler arm 129 is linked with the suspension arm 127 to expand or retract, thereby realizing the automatic diameter-changing function of the overall crawling mechanism.

[0045] Preferably, the suspension arm 127 adopts an elastic suspension structure, which can adaptively adjust the inner diameter when encountering sudden changes in the wellbore wall or local obstacles, and improve the obstacle-crossing ability.

[0046] Embodiment 3: A horizontal well pipe wall perforation tool. On the basis of Embodiment 1 or 2, the anchoring and centering short section 2 is asFigure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, it includes a third driving device, i.e., a hydraulic cylinder 201, fixedly connected to a second push rod 202, which is used to provide a power source for the anchoring device. The second push rod 202 is connected to an upper anchoring bracket 204 through a second elastic device 203 to form an elastic buffer structure, which is beneficial to force buffering and return during the anchoring process. The upper anchoring bracket 204 is fixedly connected to an upper slider 205. The upper slider 205 is rotatably connected to an upper anchoring arm 206. The upper anchoring arm 206 is rotatably connected to a lower anchoring arm 207. The lower anchoring arm 207 is rotatably connected to a lower slider 208. The lower slider 208 is fixedly connected to a lower anchoring bracket 209 to form a linkage structure to realize the expansion and contraction of the anchoring arm. The second elastic device 203 and the upper anchoring bracket 204 are slidably connected to a central shaft 210 and can axially slide along the central shaft 210.

[0047] Embodiment 4: A horizontal well pipe wall perforating tool. On the basis of any of the above embodiments, the rotating connection short section is as Figure 8 and Figure 9 shown, and includes a rotating outer shell 301, which is fixedly connected to a first rotating bearing 302, a second rotating bearing 303 and a split ring 304 respectively.

[0048] In this embodiment, the rotating connection short section is used to realize the relative rotation positioning of the whole tool while keeping the axial stability, which is convenient for realizing the perforation angle adjustment and multi-angle operation. To achieve reliable connection and detachable structure between modules, the rotating outer shell 301 is also fixedly connected to the split ring 304, which not only ensures the high-strength connection of the rotating connection part, but also facilitates subsequent modular maintenance, replacement and assembly operations.

[0049] Preferably, to improve the ability to resist downhole complex working conditions, a sealing ring structure can be set at the joint of the rotating outer shell 301 and the bearing to prevent foreign matters such as mud and well fluid from entering the bearing interior and ensure the reliability of long-term rotating work.

[0050] Embodiment 5: A horizontal well pipe wall perforating tool. On the basis of any of the above embodiments, the eccentric perforating short section 4 is as Figures 10 to 18 shown, and includes a perforating mechanism for realizing pipe wall perforation, a second shift driving mechanism for driving the perforating mechanism eccentrically and the whole eccentric perforating short section 4 to rotate, and a lower eccentric mechanism for keeping the perforating force balanced; In this embodiment, the structure of the second shift driving mechanism is the same as that of the first shift driving mechanism, including a fourth driving device 401 motor, a fourth transmission shaft 402, a second synchronous pulley 403, a second synchronous cover 404, a second shift lever 405, a second linear driving device 406. The fourth transmission shaft 402 is sleeved between a third spur gear 407 and a fourth spur gear 408 in a rotatable but non-driving manner. The second synchronous cover 404 rotates synchronously under the drive of the second synchronous pulley 403 and axially slides along the second synchronous pulley 403 under the action of the second shift lever 405 to control the engagement of the third spur gear 407 and the fourth spur gear 408. The third spur gear 407 is power-engaged with a fifth spur gear 410 through a fourth intermediate transmission assembly 409. The fifth spur gear 410 is fixedly connected to the anchoring centering short section 2. The fourth spur gear 408 is power-transmitted to a first perforated housing 412 through a fifth intermediate transmission assembly 411; In this embodiment, the lower eccentric mechanism includes a fifth driving device 413 motor that drives a sixth spur gear 414 to rotate. The sixth spur gear 414 is power-transmitted to the first perforated housing 412 through a sixth intermediate transmission assembly 415.

[0051] In this embodiment, the perforating mechanism includes a hydraulic telescopic control device for controlling the telescopic movement of a drill bit 416 and a drill bit rotation control mechanism for rotating the drill bit. The drill bit rotation control mechanism includes a sixth driving device 417 motor that drives a sixth bevel gear 418 to rotate. The sixth bevel gear 418 is power-engaged with a seventh bevel gear 419. The seventh bevel gear 419 is fixedly connected to a rotating seat 420. The rotating seat 420 is fixedly connected to the drill bit 416 through an internal spline, and a third elastic device 421 is provided therebetween. The rotating seat 420 is rotatably connected to a fixed cover 423 through a third rotating bearing 422. The fixed cover 423 is fixedly connected to the first perforated housing 412; In this embodiment, the hydraulic telescopic control device includes an oil tank 424, a hydraulic pump 425, a one-way valve 426, a two-position three-way directional control valve 427, a pressure reducing valve 428, an accumulator 429, and a pilot-operated relief valve 430. The hydraulic pump 425 is connected to the oil tank 424 through an oil pipeline and is used to provide a system pressure oil source. The hydraulic pump 425 is connected to the two-position three-way directional control valve 427 through an oil pipeline to form a drill bit extension oil circuit. The two-position three-way directional control valve 427 has two switching states, which are respectively used to control the hydraulic oil to enter the extension cavity of the drill bit 416 and the hydraulic oil in the extension cavity to flow back to the oil tank through the two-position three-way directional control valve 427. The hydraulic pump 425 is sequentially connected to the one-way valve 426, the pressure reducing valve 428, the accumulator 429, and the pilot-operated relief valve 430 through other oil pipelines to form a drill bit retraction oil circuit. The drill bit retraction oil circuit is connected to the retraction cavity of the drill bit 416 through a rotary seal ring 431. The rotary seal ring 431 is rotatably connected to the rotary seat 420.

[0052] Embodiment 6: A horizontal well pipe wall perforating tool. On the basis of any of the above embodiments, the specific steps of the horizontal well perforating operation are as follows: S1: Connect all the short sections of the perforating tool on the ground and lower it into the well through a cable. In the vertical section, it can be lowered according to the self-gravity of the perforator or the shift differential short section 1 can be started to assist in crawling. S2: After entering the deviated section or horizontal section of the well, start the shift differential short section 1 to drive the crawler wheels to crawl forward. S3: When encountering an obstruction during the crawling process, start the anchoring and centering short section 2 for temporary anchoring. Switch the circumferential rotation gear of the shift differential crawling short section 1 to adjust the attitude and azimuth of the crawler wheels, and close the anchoring and centering short section 2 to continue crawling after overcoming the obstacle. S4: When reaching the target perforating position, start the anchoring and centering short section 2 for centering and anchoring. S5: Start the eccentric perforating short section 4. First, drive the perforating mechanism to rotate circumferentially to complete the orientation of the perforating direction, and then make the perforating mechanism radially eccentric to start the perforating operation. S6: After the perforating operation is completed, start all the short section retracting devices, lift the cable and recover it to complete the perforating operation.

[0053] It should be noted that in this article, relational terms such as first and second are only used to distinguish different entities or operations, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. In addition, the term "connected" used in this article, without further specification, can be directly connected or indirectly connected through other components.

Claims

1. A horizontal wellbore wall perforating tool, characterized in that The perforating tool includes a shifting differential crawling sub (1), an anchoring and centering sub (2), a rotary connection sub (3), and an eccentric perforating sub (4); The shifting differential crawling sub (1) is used to drive the perforating tool to move forward along the pipe wall in the deviation section and the horizontal section; The anchoring and centering sub (2) is used to position, center, and anchor the perforating tool when the perforating tool encounters resistance in the deviation section or during perforating operations; The rotary connection sub (3) is used to realize the relative rotary connection between the anchoring and centering sub (2) and the eccentric perforating sub (4); The eccentric perforating sub (4) is used to make the perforating sub eccentric on the basis of overall centering and punch holes in the pipe wall.

2. The perforating tool for the horizontal well pipe wall according to claim 1, wherein The shifting differential crawling sub (1) includes a first shifting drive mechanism for driving the driving crawling wheel (122) to rotate in the axial direction and realizing the circumferential rotation of the differential crawling sub (1), a differential mechanism for enabling the crawling wheel (122) to rotate at different speeds in the downhole deviation section, and a first diameter-changing mechanism for driving all the crawling wheels (122) to expand or retract in the radial direction.

3. The horizontal well pipe wall perforating tool according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first shifting drive mechanism includes a first driving device (101), the first driving device (101) is used to drive a first transmission shaft (102), the first transmission shaft (102) is fixedly connected to a first synchronous wheel (103), and is respectively sleeved in a rotatable but non-driving manner between a first spur gear (104) and a second spur gear (105). A first synchronous cover (106) realizes synchronous rotation under the drive of the first synchronous wheel (103). A first shifting lever (107) can drive the first synchronous cover (106) to axially slide along the first synchronous wheel (103). A first linear drive device (108) drives the first shifting lever (107) to perform a circumferential linear motion to control the engagement of the first spur gear (104) and the second spur gear (105). The first spur gear (104) drives a first bevel gear (110) to rotate through a first intermediate transmission assembly (109). The first bevel gear (110) transmits power to the differential mechanism. The second spur gear (105) drives a first internal gear (112) to rotate through a second intermediate transmission assembly (111). The first internal gear (112) is fixedly connected to a first crawling housing (113) and is rotatably connected to a second crawling housing (114).

4. The horizontal wellbore wall perforating tool according to claim 2, characterized in that, The differential mechanism includes a second bevel gear (115) meshing with the first bevel gear (110). The second bevel gear (115) is fixedly connected to a third bevel gear (116). The third bevel gear (116) transmits power to a fifth bevel gear (118) through at least two groups of fourth bevel gears (117). The third bevel gear (116) and the fifth bevel gear (118) are respectively fixedly connected to a second transmission shaft (119) and a third transmission shaft (120), and drive the crawling wheel (122) to rotate through a third intermediate transmission assembly (121).

5. The horizontal wellbore wall perforating tool according to claim 2, wherein The first diameter-changing mechanism includes a second driving device (123), the second driving device (123) is fixedly connected to a first push rod (124), the first push rod (124) is fixedly connected to a central support (126) through a first elastic device (125), the central support (126) and a fixed support (128) are rotatably connected to a suspension arm (127), and the fixed support (128) is fixedly connected to a crawling arm (129).

6. The horizontal wellbore wall perforating tool according to claim 1, characterized in that, The anchoring and centering short section (2) includes a third driving device (201), the third driving device (201) is fixedly connected to a second push rod (202), the second push rod (202) is fixedly connected to an upper anchoring support (204) through a second elastic device (203), the upper anchoring support (204) is fixedly connected to an upper sliding block (205), the upper sliding block (205) is rotatably connected to an upper anchoring arm (206), the upper anchoring arm (206) is rotatably connected to a lower anchoring arm (207), the lower anchoring arm (207) is rotatably connected to a lower sliding block (208), the lower sliding block (208) is fixedly connected to a lower anchoring support (209), and the second elastic device (203) and the upper anchoring support (204) are slidably connected to a central shaft (210) and can axially slide along the central shaft (210).

7. A horizontal wellbore wall perforating tool according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rotary connection short section (3) includes a rotary outer shell (301), and the rotary outer shell (301) is fixedly connected to a first rotary bearing (302), a second rotary bearing (303), and a split screw ring (304) respectively.

8. A horizontal wellbore wall perforating tool according to claim 1, characterized in that, The eccentric perforation short section (4) includes a perforation mechanism for perforating the pipe wall, a second shifting drive mechanism for driving the perforation mechanism eccentrically and rotating the eccentric perforation short section (4) as a whole, and a lower eccentric mechanism for maintaining the balance of the perforation force; The structure of the second shifting drive mechanism is the same as that of the first shifting drive mechanism, and includes a fourth driving device (401), a fourth transmission shaft (402), a second synchronous pulley (403), a second synchronous cover (404), a second shift lever (405), a second linear drive device (406), and the fourth transmission shaft (402) is respectively sleevedly connected to a third spur gear (407) and a fourth spur gear (408) in a rotatable but non-driving manner. The second synchronous cover (404) rotates synchronously under the drive of the second synchronous pulley (403) and axially slides along the second synchronous pulley (403) under the action of the second shift lever (405) to control the engagement of the third spur gear (407) and the fourth spur gear (408). The third spur gear (407) is power-engaged with a fifth spur gear (410) through a fourth intermediate transmission component (409), the fifth spur gear (410) is fixedly connected to the anchoring and centering short section (2), and the fourth spur gear (408) is power-transmitted to a first perforation outer shell (412) through a fifth intermediate transmission component (411); The lower eccentric mechanism includes a fifth driving device (413) that drives a sixth spur gear (414) to rotate, and the sixth spur gear (414) is in power transmission with the first perforated housing (412) through a sixth intermediate transmission assembly (415).

9. The horizontal wellbore wall perforating tool according to claim 8, characterized in that, The perforating mechanism includes a hydraulic telescopic control device for controlling the telescopic movement of the drill bit (416) and a drill bit rotation control mechanism for rotating the drill bit. The drill bit rotation control mechanism includes a sixth driving device (417) that drives a sixth bevel gear (418) to rotate. The sixth bevel gear (418) is in power meshing with a seventh bevel gear (419). The seventh bevel gear (419) is fixedly connected to a rotating seat (420). The rotating seat (420) is fixedly connected to the drill bit (416) through an internal spline, and a third elastic device (421) is provided therebetween. The rotating seat (420) is rotatably connected to a fixed cover (423) through a third rotating bearing (422), and the fixed cover (423) is fixedly connected to the first perforated housing (412).

10. The perforating tool for the horizontal well pipe wall according to claim 9, characterized in that The hydraulic telescopic control device includes an oil tank (424), a hydraulic pump (425), a check valve (426), a two-position three-way directional valve (427), a pressure reducing valve (428), an accumulator (429), and a pilot-operated relief valve (430). The hydraulic pump (425) is communicated with the oil tank (424) through an oil pipeline for providing a system pressure oil source. The hydraulic pump (425) is connected to the two-position three-way directional valve (427) through an oil pipeline to form a drill bit extension oil circuit. The two-position three-way directional valve (427) has two switching states, respectively used to control the hydraulic oil to enter the extension cavity of the drill bit (416) and the hydraulic oil in the extension cavity to flow back to the oil tank through the two-position three-way directional valve (427). The hydraulic pump (425) is sequentially connected to the check valve (426), the pressure reducing valve (428), the accumulator (429), and the pilot-operated relief valve (430) through oil pipelines to form a drill bit retraction oil circuit. The drill bit retraction oil circuit is communicated with the retraction cavity of the drill bit (416) through a rotary seal ring (431); the rotary seal ring (431) is rotatably connected to the rotating seat (420).

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