A magnesium-based hydrogen storage tank with a flameless combustion catalytic component and a working method

Abstract

The present invention provides a magnesium-based hydrogen storage tank with a flameless combustion catalytic component and a working method, comprising a tank body, wherein a mixing zone, a flameless combustion catalytic zone, and a hydrogen storage zone are sequentially arranged in the tank body, the hydrogen storage zone is filled with a magnesium-based hydrogen storage material, and the flameless combustion catalytic zone is provided with a flameless combustion catalytic component; a heat exchange channel is provided in the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material, one end of the heat exchange channel is connected to a hot gas exhaust channel, and the mixing zone and the hydrogen storage zone are connected through a hydrogen channel; a hydrogen inlet, a hydrogen outlet, and an air inlet are provided on the tank body. The present invention uses a flameless combustion catalytic component to carry out hydrogen combustion. The present invention uses the catalytic action of the flameless combustion catalytic component to cause hydrogen to undergo a low-temperature, uniform catalytic combustion reaction on the inner surface of the pores of the flameless combustion catalytic component, thereby avoiding the high-temperature concentration and explosion risk caused by traditional open flame combustion; and effectively reduces energy consumption and reduces the operating cost of the hydrogen storage equipment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of hydrogen storage, and in particular to a magnesium-based hydrogen storage tank with a flameless combustion catalytic component and a working method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Hydrogen is a clean energy source that produces no carbon emissions during use. It boasts high energy density and is easily stored and converted. Hydrogen storage technology is crucial in the hydrogen energy industry chain, serving as a key link between hydrogen production and end-use. Among numerous hydrogen storage materials, magnesium-based solid-state hydrogen storage materials have become a research hotspot due to their superior overall performance. These materials offer a high hydrogen storage density (up to 7.6% by mass and approximately 110g / L by volume) and are capable of reversible hydrogen absorption and desorption at room temperature and pressure.

[0003] However, magnesium-based hydrogen storage has the following difficulties in its application: since magnesium-based hydrogen storage materials need to be heated during the hydrogen release stage to maintain them within a specific temperature range, the existing heating methods usually use electric heating or hydrogen burner heating; among them, the use of electric heating schemes requires a large amount of electricity. Taking the hydrogen release stage as an example, it usually takes 4.167 kilowatt-hours of electricity to release 1 kilogram of hydrogen. The high cost of electricity greatly increases the operating cost of hydrogen storage equipment; and when using hydrogen burners to heat magnesium-based hydrogen storage materials, the temperature is difficult to control, and during the hydrogen combustion heating process, the local combustion temperature is too high and the flame is concentrated, which can easily cause hydrogen leakage and diffusion, and there is a great risk of explosion during the burner ignition process. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the deficiencies in the prior art and to provide a magnesium-based hydrogen storage tank with a flameless combustion catalytic component and a working method.

[0005] The objective of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solution: a magnesium-based hydrogen storage tank with a flameless combustion catalytic component, comprising a tank body, wherein a mixing zone, a flameless combustion catalytic zone, and a hydrogen storage zone are sequentially arranged in the tank body, the hydrogen storage zone is filled with a magnesium-based hydrogen storage material, and the flameless combustion catalytic zone is provided with a flameless combustion catalytic component; a heat exchange channel is provided in the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material, one end of the heat exchange channel is connected to a hot gas exhaust channel, and the mixing zone and the hydrogen storage zone are connected through a hydrogen channel; the tank body is provided with a hydrogen inlet, a hydrogen outlet, and an air inlet;

[0006] In the hydrogen charging stage, cooling gas or combustion gas mixed with air and hydrogen is introduced into the mixing zone. The combustion gas forms heating gas after passing through the flameless combustion catalytic zone. The heating gas is introduced into the heat exchange channel to make the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material reach the hydrogen storage operating temperature range, or cooling gas is introduced to reduce the temperature of the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material.

[0007] During the hydrogen release stage, part of the hydrogen released from the hydrogen storage area is passed into the mixing area and mixed with the air introduced through the air inlet to form a mixed combustion gas. The mixed combustion gas passes through the flameless combustion catalytic zone and then enters the heat exchange channel to stabilize the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material within the hydrogen release operating temperature range.

[0008] Preferably, the flameless combustion catalytic component is made of a high-porosity ceramic material with a porosity of 70%-90%, and the pore surface of the high-porosity ceramic material is coated with a platinum catalyst.

[0009] Preferably, the hydrogen release operating temperature range is 300-380°C; during the hydrogen release stage, when the temperature of the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material rises, the decomposition of magnesium hydride intensifies and causes the amount of heat absorption to increase, thereby suppressing the temperature rise of the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material; when the temperature of the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material drops, the decomposition of magnesium hydride weakens and causes the amount of heat absorption to decrease, thereby suppressing the temperature drop of the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material.

[0010] Preferably, the hydrogen storage operating temperature range is 200°C–300°C.

[0011] Preferably, a hydrogen inlet valve is provided on the hydrogen inlet, a hydrogen outlet valve is provided on the hydrogen outlet, an air inlet valve is provided on the air inlet, and a hydrogen channel valve is provided on the hydrogen channel.

[0012] Preferably, the heat exchange channel is U-shaped.

[0013] A method for operating a magnesium-based hydrogen storage tank with a flameless combustion catalytic component comprises the following steps: during a hydrogen charging stage, first opening a hydrogen channel, introducing air into a mixing zone through an air inlet, introducing hydrogen through a hydrogen inlet, the hydrogen passing through the hydrogen storage zone through the hydrogen channel and then entering the mixing zone, where it mixes with air to form a mixed combustion gas; the mixed combustion gas passing through a flameless combustion catalytic zone is introduced into a heat exchange channel and heats a magnesium-based hydrogen storage material so that the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material reaches a hydrogen storage operating temperature range; after the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material reaches the hydrogen storage operating temperature range, the hydrogen channel is closed, and the hydrogen introduced through the hydrogen inlet reacts with the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material to form magnesium hydride; and simultaneously introducing cooling air into the air inlet, the cooling air flows through the heat exchange channel and cools the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material so that the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material remains within the hydrogen storage operating temperature range.

[0014] In the hydrogen release stage, a combustion gas mixed with hydrogen and air is first introduced into the mixing zone through the air inlet, and the combustion gas is introduced into the heat exchange channel through the flameless combustion catalytic zone to make the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material reach the preheating temperature range, thereby causing the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material to release hydrogen within the preheating temperature range; the released hydrogen is introduced into the mixing zone through the hydrogen channel, and then part of the hydrogen released from the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material is introduced into the mixing zone through the hydrogen channel and mixed with the air introduced through the air inlet to form a mixed combustion gas, and the mixed combustion gas is introduced into the heat exchange channel after passing through the flameless combustion catalytic zone to stabilize the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material within the hydrogen release operating temperature range; another part of the hydrogen released from the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material is discharged through the hydrogen outlet.

[0015] Preferably, during the hydrogen charging stage, when hydrogen is introduced through the hydrogen inlet, the pressure of the hydrogen is 2-10 MPa.

[0016] Preferably, the preheating temperature ranges from 200°C to 250°C.

[0017] As a preference, when cooling gas is introduced into the air inlet during the hydrogen charging phase, the flow rate of the cooling gas is Calculated using the following formula:

[0018] ;

[0019] Where, is the constant pressure specific heat capacity of air, is the mass flow rate of hydrogen released from the hydrogen storage area, is the enthalpy change of the hydrogenation reaction, is the temperature of the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material, is the temperature of the cooling air before it is introduced, is the heat transfer coefficient between the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material and the heat exchange channel; is the total heat exchange area of the heat exchange channel.

[0020] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0021] 1. This invention utilizes a flameless combustion catalytic component for hydrogen combustion. Through the catalytic action of the flameless combustion catalytic component, hydrogen undergoes a low-temperature, uniform catalytic combustion reaction within the pores of the component, thereby avoiding the high-temperature concentration and explosion risks associated with traditional open flame combustion. Compared to traditional combustion methods, this method involves virtually no open flame during the combustion process, resulting in a gentler and more controllable heat release, significantly improving the safety and temperature uniformity of the heating process.

[0022] 2. In the hydrogen release stage, the present invention uses a flameless combustion catalytic component to catalytically burn hydrogen to release hydrogen. To release 1 kg of hydrogen, only 0.125 kg of hydrogen needs to be burned. Under the same conditions, if an electric heating scheme is adopted, to release 1 kg of hydrogen, a fuel cell needs to generate 4.167 kWh of electricity, and the equivalent amount of hydrogen required to generate 4.167 kWh of electricity is 0.313 kg. Therefore, this scheme in the present invention effectively reduces energy consumption and reduces the operating cost of hydrogen storage equipment.

[0023] 3. During the hydrogen storage phase, after the hydrogenation reaction begins, cooling air is introduced through the air inlet. After passing through the heat exchange channel, the cooling air is discharged through the hot gas exhaust channel. At this time, the heat exchange channel acts as a cooling channel, cooling the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material through heat exchange between the cooling air and the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material. During the hydrogen release period, the combustion gas temperature is maintained between 400°C and 430°C by adjusting the size of the air inlet and the opening of the hydrogen valve in the mixing zone. This effectively controls the temperature of the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material, helps maintain good cycle stability and hydrogen storage efficiency of the magnesium-based material, and avoids safety accidents.

[0024] 4. The structural design of the U-shaped heating tube provides a larger heat exchange surface area within a limited space. The layout of the heating pipe helps to achieve uniform distribution of heat flow, reduce local overheating or overcooling, and thus improve the uniformity and efficiency of hydrogen absorption and release. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Cross-sectional view in the AA direction.

[0027] In the figure: 1. Air inlet, 2. Air inlet valve, 3. Tank body, 4. Flameless combustion catalytic component, 5. Hydrogen inlet valve, 6. Hydrogen inlet, 7. Magnesium-based hydrogen storage material, 8. Heat exchange channel, 9. Hydrogen outlet, 10. Hydrogen outlet valve, 11. Hydrogen channel, 12. Fan, 13. Hot gas exhaust channel, 15. Mixing zone hydrogen inlet valve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present invention are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] like Figures 1 to 2As shown, the present invention provides a magnesium-based hydrogen storage tank with a flameless combustion catalytic component, including a tank body 3, in which a mixing area, a flameless combustion catalytic area, and a hydrogen storage area are sequentially arranged. The hydrogen storage area is filled with a magnesium-based hydrogen storage material 7, and the flameless combustion catalytic area is provided with a flameless combustion catalytic component 4; a heat exchange channel 8 is provided in the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material 7, one end of the heat exchange channel 8 is connected to a hot gas exhaust channel 13, and the mixing area and the hydrogen storage area are connected through a hydrogen channel 11; a hydrogen inlet 6, a hydrogen outlet 9, and an air inlet 1 are provided on the tank body 3; wherein the hydrogen inlet 6 and the hydrogen outlet 9 are both connected to the hydrogen storage area, and the air inlet 1 is connected to the mixing area.

[0030] During the hydrogen charging stage, cooling air is introduced into the air inlet 1 or the hydrogen channel valve 15 and the air inlet valve 2 are opened to introduce a mixture of air and hydrogen. The combustion gas passes through the flameless combustion catalytic zone to form a heating gas, and the heating gas is introduced into the heat exchange channel 8 to allow the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material 7 to reach the hydrogen storage operating temperature range or the cooling gas is introduced to reduce the temperature of the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material 7; during the hydrogen release stage, the pressure of the hydrogen storage tank is 0.8-1.0 MPa, and part of the hydrogen reserved in the hydrogen storage area is introduced into the mixing zone and mixed with the air introduced into the air inlet 1 to form a mixed combustion gas. The mixed combustion gas passes through the flameless combustion catalytic zone and is introduced into the heat exchange channel 8 to stabilize the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material 7 within the hydrogen release operating temperature range.

[0031] In this embodiment, the flameless combustion catalytic component 4 utilizes a porous ceramic flameless catalytic burner. This component is constructed from a high-porosity ceramic material with a porosity of 70%-90%. The pore surfaces of the high-porosity ceramic material are coated with a platinum catalyst. Furthermore, the flameless combustion catalytic component 4 is equipped with an electric heater for heating the high-porosity ceramic material to a catalytic operating temperature.

[0032] In the present invention, the mixed gas of air and hydrogen will undergo catalytic combustion under the action of the platinum catalyst when passing through the flameless combustion catalytic component 4. There is almost no open flame during the entire catalytic combustion process, and the heat release is more gentle and controllable, which significantly improves the safety and temperature uniformity of the heating process; the mixed gas of air and hydrogen forms a higher temperature heating gas after catalytic combustion, and the heating gas will enter the heat exchange channel 8 and exchange heat with the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material 7, so that the temperature of the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material 7 rises to the hydrogen storage operating temperature range or the hydrogen release operating temperature range; after passing through the heat exchange channel 8, the heating gas is discharged to the outside of the tank body 3 through the hot gas exhaust channel 13.

[0033] The hydrogen inlet 6 is provided with a hydrogen inlet valve 5 , the hydrogen outlet 9 is provided with a hydrogen outlet valve 10 , the air inlet 1 is provided with an air inlet valve 2 , and the hydrogen channel 11 is provided with a mixing zone hydrogen inlet valve 15 .

[0034] This invention utilizes a flameless combustion catalytic component 4 for hydrogen combustion. Through the catalytic action of the flameless combustion catalytic component 4, hydrogen undergoes a low-temperature, uniform catalytic combustion reaction within the pores of the component 4, thereby avoiding the high-temperature concentration and explosion risks associated with traditional open flame combustion. Compared to traditional combustion methods, this method involves virtually no open flame during the combustion process, resulting in a gentler and more controllable heat release, significantly improving the safety and temperature uniformity of the heating process.

[0035] During the hydrogen release stage, the present invention uses a flameless combustion catalytic component to catalytically combust hydrogen to release hydrogen. Only 0.125 kg of hydrogen needs to be burned to release 1 kg of hydrogen. Under the same conditions, if an electric heating solution is adopted, the release of 1 kg of hydrogen requires a fuel cell to generate 4.167 kWh of electricity, and the equivalent amount of hydrogen required to generate 4.167 kWh of electricity is 0.313 kg. Therefore, this solution in the present invention effectively reduces energy consumption and reduces the operating cost of the hydrogen storage equipment.

[0036] The magnesium-based hydrogen storage material has spherical or flaky particles with a particle size distribution of 100 nm to 500 nm. The total surface area (BET) of the pores ranges from 500 to 1000 m2 / g. The material has a hierarchical pore structure, with micropores ranging from 2 nm to 10 nm (accounting for approximately 30%–50% of the total surface area, or 150–500 m2 / g) and mesopores ranging from 10 nm to 50 nm (accounting for approximately 50%–70% of the total surface area, or 250–700 m2 / g). The overall porosity of the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material is 30% to 60%.

[0037] During the hydrogen charging stage, the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material 7 needs to be heated first to reach the hydrogen storage operating temperature range; during this process, hydrogen and air are introduced into the interior of the tank body 3 through the air inlet 1 and the hydrogen channel 11 to form a mixed combustion gas for heating. The heating can increase the temperature of the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material 7, thereby increasing the collision frequency and energy between hydrogen molecules and the surface of the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material 7, and promoting the hydrogenation reaction; hydrogen is introduced into the hydrogen storage area through the hydrogen inlet 6, and the hydrogen reacts with the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material 7 to form magnesium hydride (MgH2).

[0038] After entering the hydrogenation reaction process, since the hydrogenation reaction itself is an exothermic reaction, a large amount of heat will be released, causing the temperature of the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material 7 to rise rapidly. In order to avoid the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material 7 from having too high a temperature, which may lead to a decrease in hydrogen storage performance or potential safety risks, when the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material 7 reaches the hydrogen storage operating temperature range and begins to store hydrogen, cooling gas is introduced through the air inlet 1. The cooling gas can be air or some inert gases (such as nitrogen). After passing through the heat exchange channel 8, the cooling gas is discharged to the outside through the hot gas exhaust channel 13. At this time, the heat exchange channel 8 acts as a cooling channel, and the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material 7 is cooled by heat exchange between the cooling gas and the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material 7, thereby effectively controlling the temperature of the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material 7, helping to maintain the good cycle stability and hydrogen storage efficiency of the magnesium-based material, and avoiding the occurrence of safety accidents.

[0039] During the hydrogen release phase, the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material 7 decomposes at a certain temperature to release hydrogen. To improve the efficiency of hydrogen release, the present invention utilizes a flameless combustion catalytic component 4 to catalytically combust the hydrogen and heat the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material 7, thereby stabilizing the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material 7 within the hydrogen release operating temperature range. The heating decomposes the magnesium hydride to produce hydrogen.

[0040] Among them, during the starting process of the hydrogen release stage, since the temperature of the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material 7 is low (maintained at room temperature), hydrogen cannot be released. The catalytic combustion of the combustion gas mixed with air and hydrogen is introduced into the mixing zone through the air inlet to achieve heating of the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material 7, so that the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material 7 reaches a temperature at which hydrogen can be released (i.e., the preheating temperature range). The pressure of the hydrogen storage tank when it is full of hydrogen is 0.8-1MPa. The air intake fan set at the air inlet is turned on, and air is introduced into the mixing zone through the air inlet valve. After the air intake fan is turned on for 10 seconds, the hydrogen inlet valve 15 in the mixing zone is opened, and the released hydrogen is introduced into the mixing zone through the hydrogen channel 11. The magnesium-based hydrogen storage material 7 is heated by the hot gas generated by the catalytic burner. The material releases hydrogen; when the hydrogen starts to be released, the hydrogen continues to pass into the mixing zone through the hydrogen channel 11, and the hydrogen released by the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material 7 is mixed with air in the mixing zone to form a mixed combustion gas. The mixed combustion gas forms a heating gas with a higher temperature after passing through the flameless combustion catalytic component 4. Subsequently, the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material 7 is heated by the mixed combustion gas to reach the hydrogen release working temperature range; within the hydrogen release working temperature range, the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material 7 releases a large amount of hydrogen. Among the released hydrogen, a small part of the hydrogen passes through the hydrogen channel 11 into the mixing zone and mixes with air to form a mixed combustion gas to maintain the temperature state of the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material 7; the rest of the hydrogen is all discharged from the hydrogen outlet 9 and supplied to the outside world. The heating energy in the hydrogen release stage of the present invention all comes from the hydrogen stored in the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material 7 itself, which reduces the dependence on external energy and enables the entire hydrogen release stage to achieve energy self-sufficiency.

[0041] The hydrogen storage operating temperature range is 200°C–300°C. The hydrogen release operating temperature range is 300–380°C. During the hydrogen release phase, the opening of the hydrogen channel valve 15 is controlled at 20%–30% of the opening of the air inlet valve 2. By controlling the valve opening, the hydrogen ratio in the mixed combustion gas is controlled. At this ratio, the mixed combustion gas will form a heated gas with a temperature of 400–430°C after catalytic combustion in the flameless combustion catalytic component 4. This heated gas controls the temperature of the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material 7 within the range of 300–380°C.

[0042] During the hydrogen release phase, when the temperature of the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material 7 rises, the decomposition of the magnesium hydride intensifies, leading to an increase in heat absorption, thereby suppressing the temperature rise of the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material 7. When the temperature of the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material 7 drops, the decomposition of the magnesium hydride weakens, leading to a decrease in heat absorption, thereby suppressing the temperature drop of the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material 7. These characteristics form an inherent negative feedback during the hydrogen release phase, making the entire hydrogen release process self-stabilizing in the range of 300-380°C.

[0043] During the hydrogen release phase, the decomposition reaction of magnesium hydride (MgH2) is a highly endothermic process (MgH2 formation enthalpy ≈ 75.2 kJ / mol, requiring the absorption of an equivalent amount of heat during decomposition). During hydrogen release, the desorption of hydrogen is promoted by gradually reducing the internal pressure of the storage tank (usually controlled at 0.1–1 MPa, and can be further reduced to near-normal pressure if necessary). The magnesium hydride in the hydrogen storage material undergoes a reversible thermal decomposition reaction, decomposing into metallic magnesium and hydrogen (H2), thereby releasing the stored hydrogen.

[0044] In the present application, the heat exchange channel 8 is U-shaped.

[0045] A fan is provided at the outlet end of the hot gas exhaust channel, and the fan is used to discharge the gas in the hot gas exhaust channel.

[0046] In the design of the present invention, the diameter of the tank is set in the range of 180-250mm, and the overall length of the tank is 800-1000mm. Through the numerical simulation analysis of the system, the arrangement of the heat exchange channels is optimized, and the heat exchange channels are arranged in a rectangular array (such as Figure 2 As shown in the figure, the spacing between adjacent heat exchange tubes is 30–40 mm. This spacing not only fully ensures uniform heat transfer but also effectively avoids local overheating or temperature blind spots, making temperature control easier and improving overall thermal management efficiency. The diameter of the heat exchange channel is controlled between 12–20 mm, and the internal gas flow rate is controlled between 1.5–2 m / s. Thermodynamic calculations and simulations have verified that this size range achieves optimal hydrogen storage and release performance within a limited space.

[0047] Furthermore, to meet the needs of hydrogen storage at varying scales, this design offers excellent scalability in terms of sizing. If a larger tank capacity is required, the overall tank and internal structure can be scaled up proportionally, while maintaining the aforementioned tube spacing and relative proportions of the heat exchange channels. This proportional expansion approach not only simplifies the complexity of the scale-up design but also ensures that the system maintains excellent thermal management and hydrogen storage performance across varying sizes, offering exceptional engineering flexibility and replicability.

[0048] Example 2:

[0049] The present invention provides a working method of a magnesium-based hydrogen storage tank with a flameless combustion catalytic component. In the hydrogen charging stage, a hydrogen channel is first opened, air is introduced into a mixing zone through an air inlet, and hydrogen is introduced through a hydrogen inlet. After passing through the hydrogen storage zone, the hydrogen enters the mixing zone through the hydrogen channel and mixes with air in the mixing zone to form a mixed combustion gas. After passing through the flameless combustion catalytic zone, the mixed combustion gas is introduced into a heat exchange channel and heats a magnesium-based hydrogen storage material so that the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material reaches a hydrogen storage operating temperature range. After the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material reaches the hydrogen storage operating temperature range, the hydrogen channel is closed, and the hydrogen introduced through the hydrogen inlet reacts with the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material to form magnesium hydride. Simultaneously, cooling air is introduced into the air inlet, and the cooling air flows through the heat exchange channel and cools the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material so that the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material is maintained within the hydrogen storage operating temperature range.

[0050] In the hydrogen release stage, a combustion gas mixed with hydrogen and air is first introduced into the mixing zone through the air inlet, and the combustion gas is introduced into the heat exchange channel through the flameless combustion catalytic zone to make the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material reach the preheating temperature range, thereby causing the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material to release hydrogen within the preheating temperature range; the released hydrogen is introduced into the mixing zone through the hydrogen channel, and then part of the hydrogen released from the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material is introduced into the mixing zone through the hydrogen channel and mixed with the air introduced through the air inlet to form a mixed combustion gas, and the mixed combustion gas is introduced into the heat exchange channel after passing through the flameless combustion catalytic zone to stabilize the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material within the hydrogen release operating temperature range; another part of the hydrogen released from the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material is discharged through the hydrogen outlet.

[0051] Among them, in the hydrogen charging stage, when hydrogen is introduced through the hydrogen inlet, the pressure of the hydrogen is 2-10MPa.

[0052] The preheating temperature range is 200℃-250℃.

[0053] When cooling air is introduced into the air inlet during the hydrogen charging phase, the flow rate of the cooling air should be controlled. If the cooling air flow rate is too large, the temperature of the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material will be too low, affecting the hydrogen storage efficiency. If the cooling air flow rate is too small, the temperature of the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material will be too high due to poor cooling effect, resulting in a decrease in hydrogen storage performance or potential safety risks. In the present invention, the flow rate of the cooling air is precisely controlled according to the actual operating conditions, thereby precisely controlling the cooling effect on the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material and avoiding the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material temperature being too high or too low, as follows:

[0054] The heat released by the hydrogenation reaction is The mass flow rate of hydrogen released from the hydrogen storage area is expressed as The enthalpy of hydrogenation is , and the relationship is:

[0055] ;

[0056] The heat of the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material is transferred to the cooling gas through the heat exchange channel. The heat transfer equation is:

[0057] ;

[0058] Where U is the heat transfer coefficient between the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material and the heat exchange channel; A is the total heat exchange area of the heat exchange channel, ΔT avg is the mean temperature difference, ΔT avg The calculation is performed using the following formula:

[0059] ;

[0060] is the temperature of the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material, The temperature of the cooling air before it is introduced can be measured by a temperature sensor installed on the air inlet; is the temperature of the cooling gas when it is discharged, which can be measured by a temperature sensor arranged at the outlet end of the hot gas discharge channel; U is the heat transfer coefficient between the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material and the heat exchange channel; A is the total heat exchange area of the heat exchange channel.

[0061] The heat removed by the cooling air is calculated using the following formula:

[0062] ;

[0063] in, is the constant pressure specific heat capacity of air, is the flow rate of cooling gas.

[0064] Based on the heat balance and heat transfer equation, when cooling air is introduced into the air inlet during the hydrogen charging stage, the flow rate of the cooling air is Calculated using the following formula:

[0065] .

[0066] The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned optimal implementation mode. Anyone can derive other forms of products under the inspiration of the present invention. However, no matter what changes are made in the shape or structure, any technical solution that is the same or similar to that of the present application falls within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A magnesium-based hydrogen storage tank with a flameless combustion catalytic component, characterized in that: The invention comprises a tank body, wherein a mixing zone, a flameless combustion catalytic zone, and a hydrogen storage zone are sequentially arranged in the tank body, the hydrogen storage zone is filled with a magnesium-based hydrogen storage material, and the flameless combustion catalytic zone is provided with a flameless combustion catalytic component; a heat exchange channel is provided in the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material, one end of the heat exchange channel is connected to a hot gas exhaust channel, and the mixing zone and the hydrogen storage zone are connected through a hydrogen channel; a hydrogen inlet, a hydrogen outlet, and an air inlet are provided on the tank body; In the hydrogen charging stage, cooling gas or combustion gas mixed with air and hydrogen is introduced into the mixing zone. The combustion gas forms heating gas after passing through the flameless combustion catalytic zone. The heating gas is introduced into the heat exchange channel to make the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material reach the hydrogen storage operating temperature range, or cooling gas is introduced to reduce the temperature of the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material. During the hydrogen release phase, part of the hydrogen released from the hydrogen storage area is passed into the mixing area and mixed with the air introduced into the air inlet to form a mixed combustion gas. The mixed combustion gas passes through the flameless combustion catalytic zone and then enters the heat exchange channel to stabilize the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material in the hydrogen release operating temperature range. The magnesium-based hydrogen storage tank with a flameless combustion catalytic component operates as follows: during a hydrogen charging stage, the hydrogen channel is first opened, air is introduced into the mixing zone through the air inlet, and hydrogen is introduced through the hydrogen inlet. After passing through the hydrogen storage zone, the hydrogen enters the mixing zone through the hydrogen channel and mixes with the air in the mixing zone to form a mixed combustion gas. After passing through the flameless combustion catalytic zone, the mixed combustion gas is introduced into the heat exchange channel and heats the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material so that the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material reaches a hydrogen storage operating temperature range; after the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material reaches the hydrogen storage operating temperature range, the hydrogen channel is closed, and the hydrogen introduced through the hydrogen inlet reacts with the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material to form magnesium hydride; and simultaneously, cooling air is introduced into the air inlet, and the cooling air flows through the heat exchange channel and cools the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material so that the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material is maintained within the hydrogen storage operating temperature range. In the hydrogen release stage, a combustion gas mixed with hydrogen and air is first introduced into the mixing zone through the air inlet, and the combustion gas is introduced into the heat exchange channel through the flameless combustion catalytic zone to make the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material reach the preheating temperature range, thereby causing the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material to release hydrogen within the preheating temperature range; the released hydrogen is introduced into the mixing zone through the hydrogen channel, and then part of the hydrogen released from the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material is introduced into the mixing zone through the hydrogen channel and mixed with the air introduced into the air inlet to form a mixed combustion gas, and the mixed combustion gas is introduced into the heat exchange channel after passing through the flameless combustion catalytic zone to stabilize the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material within the hydrogen release operating temperature range; another part of the hydrogen released from the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material is discharged through the hydrogen outlet; When cooling gas is introduced into the air inlet during the hydrogen charging phase, the cooling gas flow rate Calculated using the following formula: ； Where, is the constant pressure specific heat capacity of air, is the mass flow rate of hydrogen released from the hydrogen storage area, is the enthalpy change of the hydrogenation reaction, is the temperature of the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material, is the temperature of the cooling air before it is introduced, is the heat transfer coefficient between the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material and the heat exchange channel; is the total heat exchange area of the heat exchange channel.

2. A magnesium-based hydrogen storage tank with a flameless combustion catalytic component according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flameless combustion catalytic component is made of a high-porosity ceramic material with a porosity of 70%-90%, and the pore surface of the high-porosity ceramic material is coated with a platinum catalyst.

3. The magnesium-based hydrogen storage tank with a flameless combustion catalytic component according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydrogen release operating temperature range is 300-380°C. During the hydrogen release stage, when the temperature of the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material rises, the decomposition of magnesium hydride intensifies and causes an increase in heat absorption, thereby suppressing the temperature rise of the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material; when the temperature of the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material drops, the decomposition of magnesium hydride weakens and causes a decrease in heat absorption, thereby suppressing the temperature drop of the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material.

4. The magnesium-based hydrogen storage tank with a flameless combustion catalytic component according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydrogen storage operating temperature range is 200°C–300°C.

5. The magnesium-based hydrogen storage tank with a flameless combustion catalytic component according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydrogen inlet is provided with a hydrogen inlet valve, the hydrogen outlet is provided with a hydrogen outlet valve, the air inlet is provided with an air inlet valve, and the hydrogen channel is provided with a hydrogen channel valve.

6. The magnesium-based hydrogen storage tank with a flameless combustion catalytic component according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat exchange channel is U-shaped.

7. The magnesium-based hydrogen storage tank with a flameless combustion catalytic component according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the hydrogen charging stage, when hydrogen is introduced through the hydrogen inlet, the pressure of the hydrogen is 2–10 MPa.

8. The magnesium-based hydrogen storage tank with a flameless combustion catalytic component according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preheating temperature range is 200°C-250°C.

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