Yellow phosphorus production waste heat efficient recycling process and device based on multistage exchange

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of waste heat recovery, in particular to a yellow phosphorus production waste heat efficient recycling process and device based on multistage exchange, the yellow phosphorus production waste heat efficient recycling device comprises a recovery cabin and an external combustion engine directly utilizing high-temperature flue gas waste heat to generate power, and a cleaning machine and a heat exchanger are arranged in the recovery cabin. According to the yellow phosphorus production waste heat efficient recycling technology and device based on multi-stage exchange, when the scraper moves in a reciprocating mode, the piston plate is driven by the connecting rod to pressurize in the outer sleeve frame, external gas is pushed into the liquid storage tank, heat exchange liquid is forced to circularly flow in the heat exchange pipe, input of an extra conveying pump is reduced, and extra energy consumption is avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of waste heat recovery, and more specifically, to a process and device for highly efficient recovery and utilization of waste heat in yellow phosphorus production based on multi-stage exchange. Background Art

[0002] The highly efficient recovery and utilization of waste heat in yellow phosphorus production is achieved through tail gas purification, combustion heat energy conversion, and cascade utilization. After the yellow phosphorus tail gas is dust-removed and acid-removed by alkali washing, it enters a special boiler for combustion. The high-temperature flue gas generates steam through a corrosion-resistant heat exchanger, which drives a steam turbine to generate electricity or directly provides heat for production. The system adopts a segmented anti-corrosion design, low-temperature section heat pipe heat exchange technology, and is equipped with a waste liquid recovery device, which improves the waste heat utilization rate to more than 80% and reduces carbon dioxide emissions by more than 10,000 tons per year.

[0003] The patent with the application number CN202223576262.1 discloses a yellow phosphorus production flue gas collection device, including a heating furnace and a recovery device body. The recovery device body includes an air induction device, a dust removal device, and a waste heat recovery device. The two ends of the air induction device are respectively connected to the heating furnace and the dust removal device. The interior of the dust removal device is provided with a first dust removal chamber and a second dust removal chamber; the waste heat recovery device includes a recovery chamber, the interior of the recovery chamber is provided with clean water and a superconducting rod, and an air return pipe is arranged above the recovery chamber. The superconducting rod penetrates through the recovery chamber and extends into the interior of the air return pipe to heat the air return. Through this device, the yellow phosphorus flue gas is effectively purified, facilitating the subsequent treatment of the yellow phosphorus flue gas.

[0004] However, in traditional yellow phosphorus production waste heat recovery systems, the cleaning devices generally rely on external power (such as motors or air pumps) to drive the ash cleaning mechanism, which not only increases energy consumption and operating costs, but also causes ash accumulation on the surface of the heat exchange tubes due to intermittent cleaning, increasing the thermal resistance. After long-term operation, the heat exchange efficiency decreases significantly. In addition, the circulation of the heat exchange liquid needs to rely on an independent transfer pump to maintain flow, resulting in high additional power consumption, and the pump body is prone to failure under high-temperature and high-dust working conditions, increasing the maintenance cost.

[0005] In view of this, we propose a process and device for highly efficient recovery and utilization of waste heat in yellow phosphorus production based on multi-stage exchange. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a process and device for highly efficient recovery and utilization of waste heat in yellow phosphorus production based on multi-stage exchange. When the external combustion engine absorbs heat, the power generated by the rotation of the internal flywheel can drive the cleaning machine to clean the heat exchanger, and at the same time provide power for the flow of the heat exchange liquid inside the heat exchanger, so as to solve the problems raised in the above background art.

[0007] To achieve the above object, on the one hand, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0008] A device for efficiently recycling waste heat in yellow phosphorus production based on multi-stage exchange, including a recovery chamber and an external combustion engine that directly utilizes the waste heat of high-temperature flue gas to generate electricity. A cleaner and a heat exchanger are arranged inside the recovery chamber.

[0009] This setting enables the power generated by the rotation of the internal flywheel when the external combustion engine absorbs heat to drive the cleaner to clean the heat exchanger, and at the same time provides power for the flow of the heat exchange liquid inside the heat exchanger.

[0010] The cleaner includes a reciprocating screw rod, a scraper, and a pushing frame. The reciprocating screw rod can rotate together with the internal flywheel of the external combustion engine, driving the scraper and the pushing frame to move back and forth in the recovery chamber.

[0011] The heat exchanger includes a liquid storage tank, heat exchange tubes, an outer jacket frame, a piston plate, and an air outlet pipe. When the scraper arranged outside the heat exchange tubes moves, it simultaneously drives the piston plate to move back and forth in the outer jacket frame, and cooperates with the intake valve and the exhaust valve on the outer jacket frame to push external gas into the liquid storage tank through the air outlet pipe to complete the pressurization work, thereby driving the heat exchange liquid to move inside the heat exchange tubes.

[0012] This setting scrapes off the flue gas ash on the heat exchange tubes, preventing the increase of thermal resistance, maintaining the heat exchange efficiency, and forcing the heat exchange liquid to circulate inside the heat exchange tubes, reducing the investment in additional transfer pumps and avoiding the generation of additional energy consumption.

[0013] In the technical solution of the present invention, the recovery chamber includes a chamber body, a deflector welded to the inner wall of the chamber body, an L-shaped inner partition board, an ash discharge bin for removing ash, and outer convex chamber bodies integrally formed on the side walls at the front and rear ends of the chamber body. A plurality of regularly distributed insertion holes are opened on the outer side walls at the front and rear ends of the chamber body, and openings are provided on the top surface of the upper right side and the left side wall of the chamber body for the flue gas generated during yellow phosphorus production to pass through.

[0014] In the technical solution of the present invention, the ash discharge bin includes a bin body fixedly connected to the outer side wall of the chamber body by bolts, a baffle slidably connected inside the bin body, a plurality of regularly distributed telescopic rods, and springs sleeved outside the telescopic rods. A plurality of regularly distributed ash discharge grooves are opened on the bottom surface of the bin body.

[0015] In the technical solution of the present invention, both ends of the telescopic rod are respectively clamped and fixed to the inner side wall of the bin body and the longitudinal plate wall of the baffle, and the elastic force provided by the spring pushes the baffle towards the direction of the chamber body.

[0016] This setting allows the dust to be discharged from the chamber body through an independent space, and ensures the airtightness of the internal environment of the chamber body during the discharge.

[0017] In the technical solution of the present invention, the cleaning machine further includes an annular gear, a rotating shaft arranged parallel to the reciprocating lead screw, a shaft gear clamped and fixed on the outer side wall of the rotating shaft and meshed with the annular gear, a pulley clamped at the ends of the rotating shaft and the reciprocating lead screw, and a synchronous belt sleeved between the two pulleys.

[0018] In the technical solution of the present invention, the annular gear is clamped and fixed on the outer side of the flywheel inside the external combustion engine, the rotating shaft and the reciprocating lead screw are both rotatably connected to the inner side wall of the cabin, and the convex block at the top of the cross plate of the scraper is sleeved on the outside of the reciprocating lead screw.

[0019] In the technical solution of the present invention, bellows are also clamped on the front and rear sides of the top cross plate of the scraper, the other ends of the bellows are clamped on the inner side wall of the convex cabin body, a pair of bellows are both arranged below the inner partition board, and the pushing frame is welded and fixed to the bottom end of the scraper.

[0020] This setting utilizes the power generated by the flywheel of the external combustion engine, so that during the forward and backward movement of the scraper, the surface area ash of the internal structure of the heat exchanger can be cleared in real time, ensuring long-term stable heat exchange efficiency.

[0021] In the technical solution of the present invention, the heat exchanger further includes a liquid outlet pipe clamped at one side port of the heat exchange tube and several connecting rods clamped and fixed on the outer side wall of the piston plate, and the other ends of the connecting rods are clamped and fixed on the outer side wall of the pushing frame.

[0022] In the technical solution of the present invention, the bottom pipe of the liquid storage tank is clamped and fixed to the other side port of the heat exchange tube, the outer sleeve frame is clamped and fixed to the outer side wall of the cabin, an air inlet valve and an air outlet valve are clamped on the outer side wall of the outer sleeve frame, and one end of the air outlet pipe is clamped on the outside of the air outlet valve on the top surface of the outer sleeve frame and the other end extends into the interior of the liquid storage tank.

[0023] This setting converts the power generated by the external combustion engine into mechanical energy, so that after the external gas is pushed into the liquid storage tank, the heat exchange liquid is forced to circulate in the heat exchange tube, reducing the investment in additional transfer pumps and avoiding the generation of additional energy consumption.

[0024] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a process for efficient recovery and utilization of waste heat in yellow phosphorus production based on multi-stage exchange, using the above-mentioned device for efficient recovery and utilization of waste heat in yellow phosphorus production based on multi-stage exchange, including the following steps:

[0025] S1. First, when yellow phosphorus is produced, after the flue gas enters the interior of the cabin, the temperature inside the cabin rises, and the heat source continuously heats the working medium in the closed cylinder inside the external combustion engine, causing it to expand by heating and pushing the piston inside the cylinder of the power external combustion engine to move outward. The piston drives the crankshaft to rotate through the connecting rod, and the flywheel on the crankshaft stores kinetic energy by inertia and maintains a stable rotational speed;

[0026] S2. Meanwhile, the crankshaft drives the displacement piston to push the expanded gas to the cold end. After the gas dissipates heat and contracts at the cold end, the inertial force of the flywheel pulls the piston back to compress the gas, causing it to return to the hot end for reheating, forming a continuous cycle. During this process, the rotational kinetic energy of the flywheel drives the generator to work through the output shaft, thereby realizing the conversion of thermal energy into electrical energy;

[0027] S3. After the flywheel of the external combustion engine rotates, the ring gear rotates accordingly, and the meshing shaft gear drives the rotating shaft to rotate, thereby causing the pulley on the outside of the rotating shaft to rotate. After being transmitted through the synchronous belt, it drives the pulley on the outside of the reciprocating lead screw to rotate with it;

[0028] S4. After the reciprocating lead screw rotates, it drives the scraper to move back and forth on the outside of the heat exchange tube. After the scraper scrapes off the dust on the heat exchange tube, the push frame that moves with the scraper drives the dust to move towards the baffle;

[0029] S5. After the push frame squeezes the baffle, the telescopic rod contracts, and the baffle is pushed forward, causing the dust to fall from the ash discharge groove. During the subsequent backward movement of the push frame, the elastic force of the spring pushes the baffle backward for resetting;

[0030] S6. While the scraper moves back and forth, it drives the piston plate to move inside the outer sleeve frame through the connecting rod. After inhaling external gas into the outer sleeve frame through the intake valve and outlet valve, it is then discharged into the interior of the liquid storage tank through the outlet pipe outside the outlet valve, thereby completing the pressurization work inside the liquid storage tank;

[0031] S7. Subsequently, the heat exchange liquid inside the liquid storage tank will flow inside the heat exchange tube. When the liquid level inside the liquid storage tank drops, it can be filled with the liquid storage tank through an external liquid supply device.

[0032] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0033] 1. The high-efficiency waste heat recovery and utilization process and device for yellow phosphorus production based on multi-stage exchange directly utilize the waste heat of high-temperature flue gas to generate electricity through an external combustion engine. At the same time, the power of the rotating flywheel drives the reciprocating lead screw and scraper of the cleaning machine to realize the real-time removal of dust on the surface of the heat exchange tube. This integrated design does not require additional energy consumption, solves the problem that the cleaning device in the traditional waste heat recovery system relies on external power, significantly reduces the operating cost, and ensures the long-term stability of the heat exchange efficiency.

[0034] 2. The high-efficiency waste heat recovery and utilization process and device for yellow phosphorus production based on multi-stage exchange, when the scraper reciprocates, also drives the piston plate to pressurize inside the outer sleeve frame through the connecting rod, pushes external gas into the liquid storage tank, and forces the heat exchange liquid to circulate inside the heat exchange tube, reducing the investment in additional transfer pumps and avoiding the generation of additional energy consumption. Description of the Drawings

[0035] Figure 1Schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 2 Schematic sectional view of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of the recovery cabin in the present invention;

[0038] Figure 4 Schematic sectional view of the structure of the recovery cabin in the present invention;

[0039] Figure 5 Schematic sectional view of the structure of the ash discharge bin in the present invention;

[0040] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the structure of the external combustion engine in the present invention;

[0041] Figure 7 Schematic sectional view of the structure of the cleaning machine in the present invention;

[0042] Figure 8 For the present invention Figure 7 Enlarged schematic view of part A;

[0043] Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the structure of the heat exchanger in the present invention;

[0044] Figure 10 Partial schematic view of the structure of the heat exchanger in the present invention;

[0045] Explanation of reference numerals:

[0046] 100, recovery cabin; 110, cabin body; 111, jack; 120, deflector; 130, inner partition; 140, ash discharge bin; 141, bin body; 1410, ash discharge groove; 142, baffle; 143, telescopic rod; 144, spring; 150, outer convex cabin body;

[0047] 200, external combustion engine;

[0048] 300, cleaning machine; 310, ring gear; 320, shaft gear; 330, rotating shaft; 340, reciprocating lead screw; 350, pulley; 360, synchronous belt; 370, scraper; 380, bellows; 390, pushing frame;

[0049] 400, heat exchanger; 410, liquid storage tank; 420, heat exchange tube; 430, liquid outlet pipe; 440, outer jacket frame; 441, ventilation groove; 450, piston plate; 460, connecting rod; 470, gas outlet pipe. Detailed implementation manners

[0050] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments in the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0051] Please refer to Figures 1-10 as shown, the technical solution provided by this embodiment is:

[0052] An efficient waste heat recovery and utilization device for yellow phosphorus production based on multi-stage exchange includes a recovery chamber 100 and an external combustion engine 200 that directly utilizes the waste heat of high-temperature flue gas to generate electricity. A cleaner 300 and a heat exchanger 400 are arranged inside the recovery chamber 100. When the external combustion engine 200 absorbs heat, the power generated by the rotation of the internal flywheel can drive the cleaner 300 to clean the heat exchanger 400 and simultaneously provide power for the flow of the heat exchange liquid inside the heat exchanger 400.

[0053] Please refer to Figures 2-5 as shown, the recovery chamber 100 includes a chamber body 110, a flow guide plate 120 welded to the inner wall of the chamber body 110 and an L-shaped inner partition plate 130, an ash discharge bin 140 for ash removal, and outwardly convex chamber bodies 150 integrally formed on the front and rear side walls of the chamber body 110. A number of regularly distributed jacks 111 are opened on the outer side walls at both ends of the chamber body 110. An opening is provided on the top surface of the upper right side and the left side wall of the chamber body 110 for the flue gas generated during yellow phosphorus production to pass through.

[0054] Specifically, the ash discharge bin 140 includes a bin body 141 fixedly connected to the outer side wall of the chamber body 110 by bolts, a baffle plate 142 slidably connected inside the bin body 141, a number of regularly distributed telescopic rods 143, and springs 144 sleeved outside the telescopic rods 143. A number of regularly distributed ash discharge grooves 1410 are opened on the bottom surface of the bin body 141.

[0055] Furthermore, both ends of the telescopic rod 143 are respectively clamped and fixed to the inner side wall of the bin body 141 and the longitudinal plate wall of the baffle plate 142. The elastic force provided by the spring 144 pushes the baffle plate 142 towards the direction of the chamber body 110.

[0056] Further, the cabin 110 is used to provide a placement area for the external combustion engine 200, the cleaner 300, and the heat exchanger 400, and restricts the area where the flue gas flows during yellow phosphorus production through the baffle plate 120 and the inner partition plate 130. The convex cabin 150 provides a placement area for the internal structure of the cleaner 300. The ash discharge groove 1410 on the cabin 141 is used to provide an area for the discharge of dust. When the baffle plate 142 moves forward, the telescopic rod 143 contracts, and the baffle plate 142 is pushed forward, allowing the accumulated ash to fall through the ash discharge groove 1410. During the subsequent backward movement of the push frame 390, the elastic force of the spring 144 pushes the baffle plate 142 backward for reset. This setting allows the dust to be discharged from the cabin 110 through an independent space and ensures the airtightness of the internal environment of the cabin 110 during the discharge.

[0057] Please refer to Figure 6 As shown, the external combustion engine 200 includes a closed cylinder, a piston sliding inside the cylinder, a connecting rod moving together with the piston, a crankshaft provided at the end of the connecting rod, and a flywheel outside the crankshaft. The working principle of the external combustion engine 200 is to continuously heat the working medium, such as hydrogen / helium, inside the closed cylinder through an external heat source, causing it to expand thermally and push the power piston to move outward. The piston drives the crankshaft to rotate through the connecting rod. The flywheel on the crankshaft stores kinetic energy by inertia and maintains a stable rotational speed to help the engine cross the dead center. At the same time, the crankshaft drives the displacement piston to push the expanded gas to the cold end. After the gas cools and contracts at the cold end, the inertial force of the flywheel pulls the piston back to compress the gas, causing it to return to the hot end to be reheated, forming a continuous cycle. This setting drives the generator through the rotational kinetic energy of the flywheel through the output shaft, thereby realizing the conversion of thermal energy and electrical energy.

[0058] Please refer to Figures 7-8 As shown, the cleaner 300 includes a reciprocating lead screw 340, a scraper 370, and a push frame 390. The reciprocating lead screw 340 can rotate together with the flywheel inside the external combustion engine 200, driving the scraper 370 and the push frame 390 to reciprocate back and forth inside the recovery cabin 100.

[0059] Specifically, the cleaner 300 further includes a ring gear 310, a rotating shaft 330 arranged parallel to the reciprocating lead screw 340, a shaft gear 320 clamped and fixed on the outer sidewall of the rotating shaft 330 and meshing with the ring gear 310, pulley wheels 350 clamped at the ends of the rotating shaft 330 and the reciprocating lead screw 340, and a timing belt 360 sleeved between the two pulley wheels 350.

[0060] Further, the ring gear 310 is clamped and fixed on the outside of the flywheel inside the external combustion engine 200. The rotating shaft 330 and the reciprocating lead screw 340 are both rotatably connected to the inner sidewall of the cabin 110. The convex block at the top of the cross plate of the scraper 370 is sleeved on the outside of the reciprocating lead screw 340.

[0061] Further, bellows covers 380 are clamped on both the front and rear sides of the top cross plate of the scraper 370. The other ends of the bellows covers 380 are clamped on the inner side wall of the convex outer housing 150. A pair of bellows covers 380 are both arranged below the inner partition plate 130. The pushing frame 390 is welded and fixed to the bottom end of the scraper 370.

[0062] Further, after the flywheel of the external combustion engine 200 rotates, the ring gear 310 rotates accordingly. The meshing shaft gear 320 drives the rotating shaft 330 to rotate, and then the pulley 350 on the outer side of the rotating shaft 330 rotates. After being transmitted by the synchronous belt 360, it drives the pulley 350 on the outer side of the reciprocating lead screw 340 to rotate with it. After the reciprocating lead screw 340 rotates, it drives the scraper 370 to move back and forth on the outer side of the heat exchange tube 420. After the scraper 370 scrapes off the accumulated ash on the heat exchange tube 420, the pushing frame 390 that moves together with the scraper 370 drives the accumulated ash to move towards the baffle 142. This setting utilizes the power generated by the flywheel of the external combustion engine 200, so that the scraper 370 can remove the accumulated ash on the surface area of the internal structure of the heat exchanger 400 in real time during the forward and backward movement, ensuring long-term stable heat exchange efficiency.

[0063] Please refer to Figures 9-10 As shown, the heat exchanger 400 includes a liquid storage tank 410, heat exchange tubes 420, an outer frame 440, a piston plate 450, and an air outlet pipe 470. When the scraper 370 arranged on the outer side of the heat exchange tube 420 moves, it scrapes off the flue gas accumulated ash on the heat exchange tube 420, preventing the increase of thermal resistance and maintaining the heat exchange efficiency. At the same time, it drives the piston plate 450 to reciprocate back and forth inside the outer frame 440, and cooperates with the intake valve and outlet valve on the outer frame 440 to push the external gas into the liquid storage tank 410 through the air outlet pipe 470 to complete the pressurization work, and then drives the movement of the heat exchange liquid inside the heat exchange tube 420.

[0064] Specifically, the heat exchanger 400 further includes a liquid outlet pipe 430 clamped to one side port of the heat exchange tube 420 and a number of connecting rods 460 clamped and fixed to the outer side wall of the piston plate 450. The other ends of the connecting rods 460 are clamped and fixed to the outer side wall of the pushing frame 390.

[0065] Further, the bottom pipe of the liquid storage tank 410 is clamped and fixed to the other side port of the heat exchange tube 420. The outer frame 440 is clamped and fixed to the outer side wall of the cabin body 110. An intake valve and an outlet valve are clamped on the outer side wall of the outer frame 440. One end of the air outlet pipe 470 is clamped to the outside of the outlet valve on the top surface of the outer frame 440, and the other end extends into the interior of the liquid storage tank 410.

[0066] Further, while the squeegee 370 moves back and forth, the piston plate 450 is driven to move inside the outer casing 440 through the connecting rod 460. Then, through the intake valve and the exhaust valve, external gas is inhaled into the outer casing 440 and then discharged into the interior of the liquid storage tank 410 through the outlet pipe 470 outside the exhaust valve, thus completing the pressurization work inside the liquid storage tank 410. A ventilation groove 441 is provided on one side wall of the outer casing 440, which is used for gas circulation to maintain the internal and external air pressures of the outer casing 440 when the piston plate 450 moves. This setting converts the power generated by the external combustion engine 200 into mechanical energy. After the external gas is pushed into the liquid storage tank 410, the forced heat exchange liquid circulates in the heat exchange tube 420, reducing the investment in additional transfer pumps and avoiding the generation of additional energy consumption.

[0067] The present invention also provides a process for highly efficient recovery and utilization of waste heat in yellow phosphorus production based on multi-stage exchange, using the above-mentioned device for highly efficient recovery and utilization of waste heat in yellow phosphorus production based on multi-stage exchange, including the following steps:

[0068] S1. First, when yellow phosphorus is produced, after the flue gas enters the interior of the cabin 110, the temperature inside the cabin 110 rises. The heat source continuously heats the working medium in the closed cylinder inside the external combustion engine 200, causing it to expand thermally and push the piston inside the cylinder of the power external combustion engine 200 to move outward. The piston drives the crankshaft to rotate through the connecting rod, and the flywheel on the crankshaft stores kinetic energy by inertia and maintains a stable rotational speed.

[0069] S2. At the same time, the crankshaft drives the displacement piston to push the expanded gas to the cold end. After the gas cools and contracts at the cold end, the inertial force of the flywheel pulls the piston back to compress the gas, causing it to return to the hot end to be reheated, forming a continuous cycle. During this process, the rotational kinetic energy of the flywheel drives the generator to work through the output shaft, realizing the conversion of thermal energy and electrical energy.

[0070] S3. After the flywheel of the external combustion engine 200 rotates, the ring gear 310 rotates accordingly, and the meshing shaft gear 320 drives the rotating shaft 330 to rotate, thereby causing the pulley 350 outside the rotating shaft 330 to rotate. After being transmitted through the synchronous belt 360, it drives the pulley 350 outside the reciprocating lead screw 340 to rotate with it.

[0071] S4. After the reciprocating lead screw 340 rotates, it drives the squeegee 370 to move back and forth outside the heat exchange tube 420. After the squeegee 370 scrapes off the dust on the heat exchange tube 420, the pushing frame 390 that moves with the squeegee 370 drives the dust to move towards the baffle 142.

[0072] S5. After the pushing frame 390 squeezes the baffle 142, the telescopic rod 143 contracts, and the baffle 142 is pushed forward, causing the dust to fall through the dust discharge groove 1410. During the subsequent backward movement of the pushing frame 390, the elastic force of the spring 144 pushes the baffle 142 backward for resetting.

[0073] S6. While the squeegee 370 moves back and forth, the piston plate 450 is driven to move inside the outer frame 440 through the connecting rod 460. Then, through the intake valve and the exhaust valve, external gas is inhaled into the outer frame 440 and then discharged into the interior of the liquid storage tank 410 through the outlet pipe 470 outside the exhaust valve, thus completing the pressurization work inside the liquid storage tank 410.

[0074] S7. Subsequently, the heat exchange liquid inside the liquid storage tank 410 will flow in the heat exchange tube 420. When the liquid level in the liquid storage tank 410 drops, the liquid storage tank 410 can be filled through an external liquid supply device.

[0075] The foregoing description of the specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention is for purposes of illustration and exemplification. These descriptions are not intended to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed, and it is apparent that many changes and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The purpose of selecting and describing the exemplary embodiments is to explain the specific principles of the present invention and its practical applications, so that those skilled in the art can implement and utilize various different exemplary embodiments of the present invention, as well as various different selections and changes. The scope of the present invention is intended to be defined by the specification and its equivalents.

Claims

1. An efficient waste heat recovery and utilization device for yellow phosphorus production based on multi-stage exchange, comprising a recovery chamber and an external combustion engine that directly utilizes the waste heat of high-temperature flue gas for power generation, characterized in that: Inside the recovery capsule, there are a cleaning machine and a heat exchanger. When the external combustion engine absorbs heat, the power generated by the rotation of the internal flywheel can drive the cleaning machine to clean the heat exchanger and at the same time provide power for the flow of the heat exchange liquid inside the heat exchanger; The cleaning machine includes a reciprocating lead screw, a scraper, and a pushing frame. The reciprocating lead screw can rotate together with the internal flywheel of the external combustion engine, driving the scraper and the pushing frame to move back and forth inside the recovery capsule; The heat exchanger includes a liquid storage tank, heat exchange tubes, an outer jacket frame, a piston plate, and an air outlet pipe. When the scraper arranged outside the heat exchange tubes moves, it scrapes off the flue gas ash on the heat exchange tubes, preventing the increase of thermal resistance and maintaining the heat exchange efficiency. At the same time, it drives the piston plate to move back and forth inside the outer jacket frame, and cooperates with the intake valve and the outlet valve on the outer jacket frame to push the external gas into the liquid storage tank through the air outlet pipe to complete the pressurization work, thereby promoting the movement of the heat exchange liquid inside the heat exchange tubes.

2. The device for highly efficient recovery and utilization of waste heat in yellow phosphorus production based on multi-stage exchange according to claim 1, wherein: The recovery capsule includes a capsule body, a deflector welded to the inner wall of the capsule body, an L-shaped inner partition board, an ash discharge bin for discharging ash, and outwardly protruding capsule bodies integrally formed on the side walls at the front and rear ends of the capsule body. A number of regularly distributed jacks are opened on the outer side walls at the front and rear ends of the capsule body, and openings are provided on the top surface of the upper right side and the left side wall of the capsule body for the flue gas generated during yellow phosphorus production to pass through.

3. The device for highly efficient recovery and utilization of waste heat in yellow phosphorus production based on multi-level switching according to claim 2, wherein: The ash discharge bin includes a bin body fixedly connected to the outer side wall of the capsule body by bolts, a baffle slidably connected inside the bin body, a number of regularly distributed telescopic rods, and springs sleeved outside the telescopic rods. A number of regularly distributed ash discharge grooves are opened on the bottom surface of the bin body.

4. The high-efficiency waste heat recovery and utilization device for yellow phosphorus production based on multi-stage exchange according to claim 3, wherein: Both ends of the telescopic rod are respectively clamped and fixed to the inner side wall of the bin body and the longitudinal plate wall of the baffle, and the elastic force provided by the spring pushes the baffle towards the direction of the capsule body.

5. The device for highly efficient recovery and utilization of waste heat in yellow phosphorus production based on multi-stage exchange according to claim 4, wherein: The cleaning machine further includes a ring gear, a rotating shaft arranged parallel to the reciprocating lead screw, a shaft gear clamped and fixed on the outer side wall of the rotating shaft and meshing with the ring gear, pulley wheels clamped at the ends of the rotating shaft and the reciprocating lead screw, and a synchronous belt sleeved between the two pulley wheels.

6. The device for highly efficient recovery and utilization of waste heat in yellow phosphorus production based on multi-stage exchange according to claim 5, wherein: The ring gear is clamped and fixed to the outside of the flywheel inside the external combustion engine. Both the rotating shaft and the reciprocating lead screw are rotatably connected to the inner side wall of the capsule body. The convex block at the top of the transverse plate of the scraper is sleeved outside the reciprocating lead screw.

7. The device for highly efficient recovery and utilization of waste heat in yellow phosphorus production based on multi-stage exchange according to claim 6, wherein: The front and rear sides of the top transverse plate of the scraper are also clamped with bellows. The other ends of the bellows are clamped to the inner side wall of the outwardly protruding capsule body. A pair of bellows are both arranged below the inner partition board. The pushing frame is welded and fixed to the bottom end of the scraper.

8. The device for highly efficient recovery and utilization of waste heat in yellow phosphorus production based on multi-stage switching according to claim 7, characterized in that: The heat exchanger further includes a liquid outlet pipe clamped to one side port of the heat exchange tube and a number of connecting rods clamped and fixed to the outer side wall of the piston plate. The other ends of the connecting rods are clamped and fixed to the outer side wall of the pushing frame.

9. The device for highly efficient recovery and utilization of waste heat in yellow phosphorus production based on multi-stage exchange according to claim 8, wherein: The bottom end pipeline of the liquid storage tank is clamped and fixed to the other side port of the heat exchange tube. The outer jacket frame is clamped and fixed to the outer side wall of the capsule body. An intake valve and an outlet valve are clamped to the outer side wall of the outer jacket frame. One end of the air outlet pipe is clamped to the outside of the outlet valve on the top surface of the outer jacket frame, and the other end extends into the inside of the liquid storage tank.

10. A process for highly efficient recovery and utilization of waste heat in yellow phosphorus production based on multi-stage exchange, using the device for highly efficient recovery and utilization of waste heat in yellow phosphorus production based on multi-stage exchange according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Including the following steps: S1. First, when yellow phosphorus is produced, after the flue gas enters the interior of the cabin, the temperature inside the cabin rises. The heat source continuously heats the working medium in the closed cylinder inside the external combustion engine, causing it to expand by heating and pushing the piston inside the cylinder of the power external combustion engine to move outward. The piston drives the crankshaft to rotate through the connecting rod. The flywheel on the crankshaft stores kinetic energy by inertia and maintains a stable rotational speed. S2. At the same time, the crankshaft drives the displacement piston to push the expanded gas to the cold end. After the gas cools and contracts at the cold end, the inertial force of the flywheel pulls the piston back to compress the gas, causing it to return to the hot end to be reheated, forming a continuous cycle. During this process, the rotational kinetic energy of the flywheel drives the generator to work through the output shaft, realizing the conversion of heat energy and electrical energy. S3. After the flywheel of the external combustion engine rotates, the ring gear rotates accordingly, and the meshing shaft gear drives the rotation of the rotating shaft, thereby causing the pulley on the outside of the rotating shaft to rotate. After being transmitted through the synchronous belt, it drives the pulley on the outside of the reciprocating lead screw to rotate with it. S4. After the reciprocating lead screw rotates, it drives the scraper to move back and forth on the outside of the heat exchange tube. After the scraper scrapes off the dust on the heat exchange tube, the push frame that moves with the scraper drives the dust to move towards the baffle. S5. After the push frame presses the baffle, the telescopic rod contracts, and the baffle is pushed forward, causing the dust to fall from the ash discharge groove. During the subsequent backward movement of the push frame, the elastic force of the spring pushes the baffle backward to reset. S6. While the scraper moves back and forth, it drives the piston plate to move inside the outer sleeve frame through the connecting rod. After inhaling external gas into the outer sleeve frame through the intake valve and outlet valve, it is then discharged into the interior of the liquid storage tank through the outlet pipe outside the outlet valve, completing the pressurization work inside the liquid storage tank. S7. Subsequently, the heat exchange liquid inside the liquid storage tank will flow inside the heat exchange tube. When the liquid level inside the liquid storage tank drops, it can be filled with the liquid storage tank through an external liquid supply device.

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