Gear transmission reducing reverse drilling drill

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of medical instruments, and provides a gear-driven reducing reverse drill which comprises a handle mechanism, a transmission mechanism, a tool bit mechanism and a reducing adjusting mechanism, the transmission mechanism comprises an inner rod and an outer rod, one end of the outer rod is connected with the handle mechanism, and cavities communicated with each other are formed in the outer rod and the handle mechanism; the inner rod is arranged in the cavity in a front-back moving mode. The tool bit mechanism is connected to the end, away from the handle mechanism, of the transmission mechanism, and the inner rod is rotationally connected with the outer rod. The variable-diameter adjusting mechanism is arranged on the handle mechanism and comprises a worm and gear assembly, and the worm and gear assembly is in meshing transmission connection with the inner rod so as to act the inner rod to move back and forth relative to the outer rod in the axis direction; the lead angle of the turbine worm assembly is smaller than the friction angle. According to the turnover tool bit, the inner rod cannot move backwards relative to the outer rod in the drilling process, so that the stop turnover function of the turnover tool bit is achieved, and it is guaranteed that the cutting angle of the turnover tool bit is stable and unchanged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of medical devices, and particularly relates to a gear-driven variable-diameter reverse drill. Background Art

[0002] Reverse drills are mainly used for establishing bone tunnels on the femoral side and tibial side in total internal cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery. Reverse drills are indispensable instruments for preparing stepped bone tunnels in total internal cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery.

[0003] At present, the reverse drills used clinically are mainly of two types. One is a drill bit with a single diameter, and the reverse drilling cannot be changed within a certain size range, so multiple size specifications need to be equipped. The other is a variable-diameter reverse drill, and the size of the reverse drill is adjusted by adjusting the angle of the cutter head.

[0004] However, when the existing reverse drill is adjusted to a required size, during the drilling process, it is prone to be stressed and the angle of the cutter head rotates, so it cannot maintain a certain required size, and the accuracy of drilling cannot be guaranteed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention provides a gear-driven variable-diameter reverse drill to solve the defect in the prior art that during the drilling process, it is prone to be stressed and the angle of the cutter head rotates, so it cannot maintain a certain specific size. It realizes that the inner rod does not move backward relative to the outer rod during the drilling process, thereby achieving the anti-rotation function of the reversing cutter head and ensuring that the chip-cutting angle of the reversing cutter head remains stable.

[0006] The present invention provides a gear-driven variable-diameter reverse drill, comprising: A handle mechanism; A transmission mechanism, the transmission mechanism is connected to the front end of the handle mechanism. The transmission mechanism includes an inner rod and an outer rod. One end of the outer rod is connected to the handle mechanism, and mutually communicating cavities are provided inside the outer rod and the handle mechanism. The inner rod is arranged to be movable back and forth in the cavity; A cutter head mechanism, the cutter head mechanism is connected to the end of the transmission mechanism far from the handle mechanism, and the inner rod and the outer rod are rotatably connected; A variable-diameter adjustment mechanism, the variable-diameter adjustment mechanism is arranged on the handle mechanism. The variable-diameter adjustment mechanism includes a worm and worm gear assembly. The worm and worm gear assembly is in meshing transmission connection with the inner rod to move the inner rod back and forth along the axis relative to the outer rod; Wherein, the helix angle of the worm and worm gear assembly is less than the friction angle.

[0007] According to a gear-driven variable diameter reverse drilling provided by the present invention, the worm gear assembly includes a worm gear and a worm gear, the inner rod is provided with a rack portion extending along its own length direction, the worm gear is respectively engaged with the worm gear and the rack portion to transmit the rotation of the worm gear to the inner rod, thereby driving the inner rod to move in the front-rear direction.

[0008] According to a gear-driven variable diameter back-drilling drill provided by the present invention, the variable diameter adjustment mechanism includes a gear set, the gear set is connected to the worm, and the gear set is used to drive the worm to rotate.

[0009] According to a gear-driven variable diameter reverse drilling provided by the present invention, the gear set includes a driving wheel and a driven wheel, the driven wheel is coaxially connected to the worm, the driving wheel and the driven wheel are meshingly driven, and the driving wheel drives the driven wheel to rotate, thereby driving the worm to rotate.

[0010] According to a gear-driven variable diameter back-drilling drill provided by the present invention, the transmission ratio of the driving wheel to the driven wheel is less than 1.

[0011] According to a gear-driven variable diameter back-drilling drill provided by the present invention, the variable diameter adjustment mechanism further comprises an adjustment knob, the adjustment knob is rotatably connected to the outer side of the handle mechanism, and the adjustment knob is coaxially connected to the driving wheel through a rotating shaft; And / or, the adjusting knob is engraved with 5-10 scale values, and the adjusting knob is adjusted to correspond to different scale values ​​so that the cutter head mechanism can be quickly positioned to the target diameter.

[0012] According to a gear-driven variable diameter reverse drilling provided by the present invention, the worm is extended and arranged in a length direction perpendicular to the inner rod, and an avoidance hole is opened on the inner rod corresponding to the rack portion, and the worm is inserted into the avoidance hole.

[0013] According to a gear-driven variable diameter reverse drilling provided by the present invention, the turbine is rotatably connected to the cavity via a rotating shaft, and the turbine is respectively arranged perpendicular to the inner rod or the worm.

[0014] According to a gear-driven variable diameter reverse drilling provided by the present invention, the cavity extends inside the outer rod to and passes through the end away from the handle mechanism, and a U-shaped groove is provided at the end of the outer rod away from the handle mechanism, the cutter head mechanism is eccentrically rotatably connected in the U-shaped groove, and the end of the inner rod away from the handle mechanism is rotatably connected to the cutter head mechanism.

[0015] A variable-diameter reverse drill with gear drive according to the present invention, the cutter head mechanism includes a swing cutter head and a U-shaped adapter. The swing cutter head is eccentrically rotatably connected in the U-shaped groove. One end of the U-shaped adapter is connected to the end of the inner rod away from the handle mechanism, and the other end is eccentrically rotatably connected to the swing cutter head.

[0016] A variable-diameter reverse drill with gear drive provided by the present invention, by setting the worm and worm gear assembly as the transmission mechanism of the inner rod and the outer rod, and the helix angle of the worm and worm gear assembly is less than the friction angle, the worm and worm gear transmission has a self-locking characteristic. When the cutter head mechanism is in the process of using chips, the cutter head mechanism is subjected to a reverse force. When the force is transmitted to the worm and worm gear assembly, at this time, the worm is to rotate reversely, but due to the tooth surface force of the worm, the worm and worm gear assembly is self-locked, realizing the axial position locking of the inner rod during the cutting process, thereby ensuring the stability of the cutter head angle and the consistency of the chip angle, that is, the inner rod does not move backward relative to the outer rod, achieving the stop and flip function of the flip cutter head, ensuring that the chip angle of the flip cutter head remains stable and unchanged, and improving the accuracy and safety of the operation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0018] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a variable-diameter reverse drill with gear drive provided by the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 is Figure 1 a schematic structural diagram of the variable-diameter reverse drill in removing the handle mechanism.

[0020] Figure 3 is Figure 2 an enlarged view of part A in.

[0021] Figure 4 is Figure 2 an enlarged view of part B in.

[0022] Reference numerals: 10, variable-diameter reverse drill with gear drive; 100, handle mechanism; 200, transmission mechanism; 210, inner rod; 211, rack portion; 212, relief hole; 220, outer rod; 221, U-shaped groove; 300, cutter head mechanism; 310, swing cutter head; 320, U-shaped adapter; 400. Variable diameter adjusting mechanism; 410. Turbine worm assembly; 411. Turbine; 412. Worm; 420. Gear set; 421. Driving wheel; 422. Driven wheel; 430. Adjusting knob. Detailed implementation mode

[0023] The following further describes in detail the implementation mode of the present invention in conjunction with the drawings and embodiments. The following embodiments are used to illustrate the present invention, but cannot be used to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0024] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "up", "down", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the embodiments of the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", and "third" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0025] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "connected" and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present invention can be understood according to specific situations.

[0026] In the embodiments of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the first feature being "on" or "under" the second feature can be that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are indirectly in contact through an intermediate medium. Moreover, the first feature being "above", "over" and "on" the second feature can be that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature has a higher horizontal height than the second feature. The first feature being "under", "below" and "beneath" the second feature can be that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature has a lower horizontal height than the second feature.

[0027] In the description of this specification, the descriptions referring to terms such as "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" mean that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the embodiments of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described can be combined in a suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. In addition, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0028] The following combines Figures 1 to 4 , and through specific embodiments and their application scenarios, the gear transmission variable-diameter reverse drilling provided by the embodiments of the present invention is described in detail.

[0029] In the embodiments of the present application, as Figures 1 to 3 shown, the gear transmission variable-diameter reverse drill 10 includes a handle mechanism 100, a transmission mechanism 200, a cutter head mechanism 300, and a variable-diameter adjustment mechanism 400. The transmission mechanism 200 is connected to the front end of the handle mechanism 100. The transmission mechanism 200 includes an inner rod 210 and an outer rod 220. One end of the outer rod 220 is connected to the handle mechanism 100, and mutually communicating cavities are provided inside the outer rod 220 and the handle mechanism 100. The inner rod 210 is movably arranged back and forth in the cavity; the cutter head mechanism 300 is connected to the end of the transmission mechanism 200 far from the handle mechanism 100, and the inner rod 210 and the outer rod 220 are rotatably connected; the variable-diameter adjustment mechanism 400 is arranged on the handle mechanism 100. The variable-diameter adjustment mechanism 400 includes a worm and gear assembly 410. The worm and gear assembly 410 is in meshing transmission connection with the inner rod 210 to move the inner rod 210 back and forth along the axial direction relative to the outer rod 220; wherein, the helix angle of the worm and gear assembly 410 is less than the friction angle.

[0030] The handle mechanism 100 provides an operation interface for doctors, enabling them to conveniently control the entire device. It not only provides the comfort of holding, but also integrates the variable-diameter adjustment mechanism 400 (worm and gear assembly 410), allowing doctors to adjust the size of the cutter head without changing the holding posture. Ensures the convenience and flexibility of operation during the surgical process.

[0031] The transmission mechanism 200 includes an inner rod 210 and an outer rod 220. Among them, the inner rod 210 is movably arranged back and forth in the cavity inside the outer rod 220. This design allows the angle or diameter of the cutter head to be changed by adjusting the position of the inner rod 210. Realizes the dynamic adjustment of the cutter head size, eliminates the need to replace tools of different specifications, and improves the surgical efficiency and accuracy.

[0032] The cutter head mechanism 300 directly performs the task of bone tunnel preparation, and its design directly affects the success rate and safety of the surgery. The cutter head mechanism 300 is rotationally connected to the inner rod 210 and the outer rod 220. Therefore, its position and angle can be controlled by adjusting the position of the inner rod 210. This ensures that the cutter head can work at the required precise position and angle, improving the accuracy and effectiveness of the surgery.

[0033] The worm and gear assembly 410 is in meshing transmission connection with the inner rod 210, driving the inner rod 210 to move back and forth along the axial direction relative to the outer rod 220, thereby changing the flipping angle and cutting diameter of the cutter head. Due to the design that its helix angle is less than the friction angle, it has a self-locking property, which can prevent unexpected movement caused by the reverse force during the chip cutting process, ensuring the stability of the cutter head position.

[0034] The helix angle of the worm 412 of the worm wheel 411 is less than the friction angle. Even when subjected to a large reverse acting force, it can keep the position of the inner rod 210 unchanged, avoiding unexpected changes in the cutter head angle. This greatly improves the stability and precision during the surgery, reducing the risks brought by tool instability.

[0035] In this application, by setting the worm and gear assembly 410 as the transmission mechanism 200 of the inner rod 210 and the outer rod 220, and the helix angle of the worm and gear assembly 410 is less than the friction angle, the worm 412 worm wheel transmission has a self-locking property. When the cutter head mechanism 300 is in the process of using the chip, the cutter head mechanism 300 is subjected to a reverse acting force. When the acting force is transmitted to the worm and gear assembly 410, at this time, the worm wheel 411 needs to rotate reversely, but due to the tooth surface acting force of the worm 412, the worm 412 worm wheel assembly is self-locked, realizing the axial position locking of the inner rod 210 during the cutting process, thereby ensuring the stability of the cutter head angle and the consistency of the chip cutting angle, that is, the inner rod 210 does not move backward relative to the outer rod 220, achieving the stop flipping function of the flipping cutter head, ensuring that the chip cutting angle of the flipping cutter head is stable and unchanged, and improving the accuracy and safety of the surgery.

[0036] Refer to Figure 3 , according to a gear transmission variable diameter reverse drilling 10 provided by the present invention, the worm and gear assembly 410 includes a worm wheel 411 and a worm 412. The inner rod 210 is provided with a rack portion 211 extending along its own length direction. The worm wheel 411 is respectively meshed with the worm 412 and the rack portion 211 to transmit the rotation of the worm 412 to the inner rod 210, thereby driving the inner rod 210 to move in the front and back directions.

[0037] It can be understood that the worm wheel 411 is a part of the worm and gear assembly 410, and it receives the rotational force from the adjustment knob 430 on the handle mechanism 100 through meshing with the worm 412.

[0038] The worm 412 meshes with the worm gear 411 , and when the worm 412 rotates, it drives the worm gear 411 to rotate.

[0039] The inner rod 210 is provided with a rack portion 211 extending along its length, and the rack portion 211 is directly meshed with the turbine 411. When the turbine 411 rotates, it can directly drive the rack portion 211, thereby causing the inner rod 210 to move forward and backward along the axial direction. The design of the rack portion 211 enables the inner rod 210 to accurately respond to the rotation of the turbine 411.

[0040] The turbine 411 meshes with the worm 412 and the rack 211 at the same time, forming an efficient power transmission chain. When the doctor rotates the worm 412 by adjusting the knob 430, the rotational energy of the worm 412 is transmitted to the turbine 411; then, the turbine 411 converts this rotational motion into the linear motion of the inner rod 210. The linear motion of the inner rod 210 drives the rotation of the cutter head mechanism 300 to achieve the change of the cutter head radius.

[0041] Since the worm gear assembly 410 has a self-locking property, that is, the worm gear 412 cannot be easily driven by the worm gear 411 to reverse, this ensures that even if the cutter head is subjected to a large reverse force, the inner rod 210 will not move backward due to these forces, which greatly improves the stability of the cutter head position during surgery.

[0042] Reference Figure 3 According to a gear-driven variable diameter back-drilling drill 10 provided by the present invention, the variable diameter adjustment mechanism 400 includes a gear set 420, and the gear set 420 is connected to the worm 412, and the gear set 420 is used to drive the worm 412 to rotate.

[0043] It can be understood that the gear set 420, as an intermediate link connecting the adjusting knob 430 and the worm 412, can effectively transmit the adjusting knob 430 to the worm 412. Through the meshing transmission between the gears in the gear set 420, the rotational motion of the external power source is smoothly and accurately transmitted to the worm 412, providing power support for the rotation of the worm 412, ensuring that the variable diameter adjustment mechanism 400 can operate smoothly and accurately.

[0044] Reference Figure 3 According to a gear-driven variable diameter reverse drilling 10 provided by the present invention, the gear set 420 includes a driving wheel 421 and a driven wheel 422, the driven wheel 422 is coaxially connected to the worm 412, the driving wheel 421 and the driven wheel 422 are meshed and driven, and the driving wheel 421 drives the driven wheel 422 to rotate, thereby driving the worm 412 to rotate.

[0045] It can be understood that the gear set 420 composed of the driving wheel 421 and the driven wheel 422 realizes efficient power transmission between the external power source and the worm 412 through meshing transmission. Compared with direct connection, the gear set 420 transmission has the advantages of high transmission efficiency, accurate transmission ratio, reliable operation, etc., which can reduce energy loss during power transmission and improve the working efficiency and performance of the variable-diameter reverse drilling. The meshing transmission of the gear set 420 has a certain buffering and shock-absorbing effect, which can reduce the influence of the vibration and impact of the external power source on the worm 412.

[0046] Referring to Figure 3 , for a variable-diameter reverse drilling 10 provided by the present invention, the transmission ratio of the driving wheel 421 to the driven wheel 422 is less than 1.

[0047] It can be understood that since the transmission ratio is less than 1, a small-angle rotation of the driving wheel 421 will cause the driven wheel 422 (and the worm 412 coaxially connected thereto) to rotate quickly to the positioning point. This enables the doctor to quickly and accurately adjust the flipping angle of the cutter head by finely adjusting the rotation amount of the driving wheel 421.

[0048] Referring to Figure 3 , for a variable-diameter reverse drilling 10 provided by the present invention, the variable-diameter adjusting mechanism 400 further includes an adjusting knob 430, and the adjusting knob 430 is rotatably connected to the outside of the handle mechanism 100, and the adjusting knob 430 is coaxially connected to the driving wheel 421 through a rotating shaft.

[0049] It can be understood that the adjusting knob 430 is arranged on the outside of the handle mechanism 100. Without the operator having to reach deep inside the device or use special tools, the operator can easily touch and operate the adjusting knob 430 with a finger when holding the handle. This enables the operator to quickly and accurately control the variable-diameter adjusting mechanism 400, improving the working efficiency.

[0050] The adjusting knob 430 is coaxially connected to the driving wheel 421 through a rotating shaft. When the operator rotates the adjusting knob 430, the rotating shaft will rotate accordingly, and then drive the driving wheel 421 to rotate synchronously. This realizes the direct correlation between the operation of the adjusting knob 430 by the operator and the movement of the driving wheel 421. The operator can precisely control the rotation angle and speed of the driving wheel 421 by rotating the adjusting knob 430, thereby realizing precise control of the variable-diameter adjusting mechanism 400.

[0051] There are 5 - 10 scale values engraved on the adjusting knob 430. By adjusting the adjusting knob 430 to correspond to different scale values, the cutter head mechanism 300 can be quickly positioned to the target diameter. Among them, the adjustment interval for each scale value is 0.5 mm.

[0052] Referring to Figure 3, according to a variable-diameter reverse drill 10 with gear drive provided by the present invention, the worm 412 extends along a length direction perpendicular to the inner rod 210, and an avoidance hole 212 is formed on the inner rod 210 corresponding to the rack portion 211, and the worm 412 passes through the avoidance hole 212.

[0053] It can be understood that the perpendicular extension arrangement of the worm 412 to the inner rod 210 helps to optimize the spatial layout of the overall structure, making the drill design more compact and reducing the floor area.

[0054] The formation of the avoidance hole 212 on the inner rod 210 enables the worm 412 to pass through the inner rod 210 without interference with the inner rod 210. Such a design can ensure the independent movement of the worm 412 and the inner rod 210 without mutual interference.

[0055] Through the design of the avoidance hole 212, the meshing between the worm 412 and the rack portion 211 can be closer, reducing the clearance during the transmission process, thereby improving the transmission efficiency and accuracy.

[0056] Refer to Figure 3 , according to a variable-diameter reverse drill 10 with gear drive provided by the present invention, the turbine 411 is rotatably connected to the cavity through a rotating shaft, and the turbine 411 is respectively perpendicular to the inner rod 210 or the worm 412.

[0057] It can be understood that the turbine 411 is connected to the cavity through a rotating shaft and is perpendicular to the inner rod 210 or the worm 412. Such a layout helps to more effectively arrange each component within a limited space, making the overall structure more compact.

[0058] The perpendicular arrangement of the turbine 411 to the inner rod 210 or the worm 412 realizes cross-axis transmission. This layout can more effectively convert and transmit power, making the power transmission more direct and efficient.

[0059] Refer to Figure 4 , according to a variable-diameter reverse drill 10 with gear drive provided by the present invention, the cavity extends inside the outer rod 220 to the end far from the handle mechanism 100 and penetrates through, and a U-shaped groove 221 is formed at the end of the outer rod 220 far from the handle mechanism 100. The cutter head mechanism 300 is eccentrically rotatably connected to the U-shaped groove 221, and the end of the inner rod 210 far from the handle mechanism 100 is rotatably connected to the cutter head mechanism 300.

[0060] It can be understood that the cavity extends inside the outer rod 220 to the end far from the handle mechanism 100 and penetrates through, providing sufficient installation and movement space for the inner rod 210 and the variable-diameter adjustment mechanism 400. So as to be arranged and cooperate orderly within the cavity, ensuring that power can be efficiently and stably transmitted from the handle mechanism 100 to the cutter head mechanism 300 to realize the variable-diameter and reverse drilling functions.

[0061] One end of the outer rod 220 away from the handle mechanism 100 is provided with a U-shaped groove 221, which provides a suitable space for the eccentric rotational connection of the cutter head mechanism 300. The shape and size of the U-shaped groove 221 can be precisely machined according to the design requirements of the cutter head mechanism 300 to ensure that the cutter head mechanism 300 can stably rotate eccentrically in the groove, realizing a specific motion trajectory and function.

[0062] The two side walls of the U-shaped groove 221 can play a certain guiding and restricting role in the movement of the cutter head mechanism 300, enabling the cutter head mechanism 300 to move in a predetermined direction and range during the eccentric rotation process, ensuring the working accuracy and stability of the variable-diameter backdrill.

[0063] The cutter head mechanism 300 is eccentrically rotationally connected in the U-shaped groove 221. When the cutter head mechanism 300 rotates eccentrically under the drive of power, its motion trajectory is a circular motion centered on the eccentric shaft. This enables the cutter head mechanism 300 to continuously change the contact position and the direction of the acting force with the inner wall of the drill hole during the working process, thereby gradually expanding the diameter of the drill hole and realizing the variable-diameter function.

[0064] One end of the inner rod 210 away from the handle mechanism 100 is rotationally connected to the cutter head mechanism 300, enabling the telescopic movement of the inner rod 210 during the variable-diameter adjustment process to be effectively transmitted to the cutter head mechanism 300. When the inner rod 210 expands and contracts under the action of the variable-diameter adjustment mechanism 400, through the rotational connection with the cutter head mechanism 300, it can drive the cutter head mechanism 300 to perform eccentric rotation or other corresponding movements, thereby realizing the variable-diameter function.

[0065] Referring to Figure 4 , according to a gear-driven variable-diameter backdrill 10 provided by the present invention, the cutter head mechanism 300 includes a swing cutter head 310 and a U-shaped adapter 320. The swing cutter head 310 is eccentrically rotationally connected in the U-shaped groove 221. One end of the U-shaped adapter 320 is connected to one end of the inner rod 210 away from the handle mechanism 100, and the other end is eccentrically rotationally connected to the swing cutter head 310.

[0066] It can be understood that the swing cutter head 310 is installed in the U-shaped groove 221 by an eccentric rotational connection method, allowing it to freely rotate and adjust the angle within a certain range.

[0067] One end of the U-shaped adapter 320 is connected to the inner rod 210, and the other end is eccentrically rotationally connected to the swing cutter head 310, forming a flexible mechanical structure. By adjusting the position of the inner rod 210, the angle change of the swing cutter head 310 can be indirectly controlled. This enables the doctor to finely adjust the angle of the swing cutter head 310 by simply moving the inner rod 210 back and forth, improving the accuracy and controllability during the surgical process.

[0068] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements for some of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A gear-driven variable-diameter reverse drill, characterized in that, include: Handle mechanism; A transmission mechanism, the transmission mechanism is connected to the front end of the handle mechanism, the transmission mechanism comprises an inner rod and an outer rod, one end of the outer rod is connected to the handle mechanism, and a cavity communicating with each other is provided inside the outer rod and the handle mechanism, and the inner rod is arranged in the cavity so as to be movable forward and backward; A cutter head mechanism, the cutter head mechanism is connected to an end of the transmission mechanism away from the handle mechanism, and the inner rod and the outer rod are rotatably connected; A variable diameter adjustment mechanism, the variable diameter adjustment mechanism is arranged on the handle mechanism, the variable diameter adjustment mechanism comprises a worm gear assembly, the worm gear assembly is meshed and connected with the inner rod to drive the inner rod to move forward and backward along the axis direction relative to the outer rod; Wherein, the helix angle of the worm gear assembly is smaller than the friction angle.

2. A variable-diameter reverse drilling gear drive according to claim 1, characterized in that, The worm gear assembly includes a worm gear and a worm gear. The inner rod is provided with a rack portion extending along its length direction. The worm gear is respectively engaged with the worm gear and the rack portion to transmit the rotation of the worm gear to the inner rod, thereby driving the inner rod to move in the front-rear direction.

3. A variable-diameter reverse drilling gear drive according to claim 2, characterized in that, The variable diameter adjustment mechanism comprises a gear set, the gear set is connected to the worm, and the gear set is used to drive the worm to rotate.

4. A variable-diameter reverse drilling gear drive according to claim 3, characterized in that The gear set comprises a driving wheel and a driven wheel, the driven wheel is coaxially connected with the worm, the driving wheel and the driven wheel are meshed and driven, and the driving wheel drives the driven wheel to rotate, thereby driving the worm to rotate.

5. A variable-diameter reverse drilling gear drive according to claim 4, characterized in that, The transmission ratio between the driving wheel and the driven wheel is less than 1.

6. A variable-diameter reverse drilling gear drive according to claim 4, characterized in that, The variable diameter adjustment mechanism further includes an adjustment knob, which is rotatably connected to the outer side of the handle mechanism, and the adjustment knob is coaxially connected to the driving wheel through a rotating shaft; And / or, the adjusting knob is engraved with 5-10 scale values, and the adjusting knob is adjusted to correspond to different scale values ​​so that the cutter head mechanism can be quickly positioned to the target diameter.

7. A variable-diameter reverse drilling gear drive according to claim 2, characterized in that, The worm is arranged to extend in a direction perpendicular to the length of the inner rod, and a avoidance hole is provided on the inner rod corresponding to the rack portion, and the worm is passed through the avoidance hole.

8. A variable-diameter reverse drilling machine with gear transmission according to claim 2, characterized in that, The turbine is rotatably connected to the cavity via a rotating shaft, and the turbine is respectively arranged perpendicularly to the inner rod or the worm.

9. A variable-diameter reverse drilling gear drive according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, The cavity extends inside the outer rod to and passes through the end away from the handle mechanism, and a U-shaped groove is provided at the end of the outer rod away from the handle mechanism, the cutter head mechanism is eccentrically rotatably connected in the U-shaped groove, and the end of the inner rod away from the handle mechanism is rotatably connected to the cutter head mechanism.

10. A variable-diameter reverse drilling gear drive according to claim 9, characterized in that, The cutter head mechanism includes a swinging cutter head and a U-shaped adapter. The swinging cutter head is eccentrically rotatably connected in the U-shaped groove. One end of the U-shaped adapter is connected to an end of the inner rod away from the handle mechanism, and the other end is eccentrically rotatably connected to the swinging cutter head.

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