Photoelectric hybrid heating fluidized bed device with low carbon emission

Abstract

The invention discloses a photoelectric hybrid heating fluidized bed device with low carbon emission, which comprises a storage tank for introducing reaction raw materials, a lifting pipe for conveying the materials by gas or generating partial reaction, a receiving cavity for reaction, a descending pipe, a solar heater and an electric heating device, and the descending pipe sleeves the outer side of the lifting pipe; the downcomer is connected with the storage box and the receiving cavity, the storage box sleeves the outer side of the lifting pipe, one end of the lifting pipe is located in the receiving cavity, the lifting pipe is provided with a material returning opening to be communicated with the storage box, the solar heater is used for providing heat for the receiving cavity, and the electric heating device is used for providing auxiliary heating. Reaction raw materials introduced into the storage box are lifted into the receiving cavity through the lifting pipe for reaction, and solid-phase products obtained after reaction and the raw materials which are not completely reacted return to the storage box through the descending pipe. Therefore, stable heat supply of completely renewable energy to the reaction device, preheating of the electric heating device and return objects of the downcomer can be realized, and the purposes of improving the energy utilization rate and reducing carbon emission can be achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to industrial fluidized bed production, and more particularly to a photo - electric hybrid heating fluidized bed device with low carbon emissions. Background Art

[0002] As an important thermal and chemical engineering equipment, fluidized bed reaction devices are widely used in production processes such as energy conversion, homogeneous or heterogeneous reactions, and particle drying. However, traditional fluidized beds are usually heated by fossil fuel combustion, with an energy consumption as high as 5 GJ per ton of processed material and a carbon emission of up to 1.2 tons per ton of material, which does not meet the requirements of green and low - carbon sustainable development.

[0003] Solar heating has significant advantages in reducing the consumption of fossil energy. However, due to its influence by factors such as weather and region, a single solar heating mode has limitations in terms of continuity and stability. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Object of the Invention: Aiming at the above - mentioned disadvantages, the present invention provides a photo - electric hybrid heating fluidized bed device with low carbon emissions that reduces carbon emissions.

[0005] Technical Solution: To solve the above problems, the present invention adopts a photo - electric hybrid heating fluidized bed device with low carbon emissions, which includes a storage tank for introducing reaction raw materials, a riser for gas - transporting materials or carrying out partial reactions, a receiving chamber for carrying out reactions, a down - comer, a solar heater, and an electric heating device. The down - comer is sleeved outside the riser, and the down - comer connects the storage tank and the receiving chamber. The storage tank is sleeved outside the riser. One end of the riser is located in the receiving chamber, and the riser is provided with a return port communicating with the storage tank. The solar heater is used to provide heat for the receiving chamber, and the electric heating device is used to provide auxiliary heating. The reaction raw materials introduced into the storage tank are lifted to the receiving chamber through the riser for reaction, and the solid - phase products after the reaction and the unreacted raw materials return to the storage tank through the down - comer.

[0006] The "photo - electric combination, surface - volume complementary" heating technology of this device is a new heating technology that utilizes the solar "surface" heating of the solar thermal effect and the electric energy "volume" heating based on the principle of electricity - to - heat. It is a new method for efficiently and stably supplying heat to the fluidized bed reaction device based on completely renewable energy. The material and the fluidizing gas first receive the heat provided by the electric heating device in a "volume" manner in the riser and are pre - heated or heated in advance, and then form a "fountain" above the riser to receive the heat provided by the solar heating device in a "surface" manner for reactions or heat storage and other above - mentioned technological behaviors. This technology can not only achieve the efficient utilization of renewable energy but also ensure the stable operation of the reaction device through electric energy heating.

[0007] Furthermore, the solar heater includes a concentrating heating system and a light-transmitting window, which are used to provide the heat required for the process, and the temperature can reach over 900 °C. The light-transmitting window is arranged on the receiving cavity. The concentrating heating system includes concentrating mirrors arranged in an array, which has the functions of automatically tracking sunlight and reflecting sunlight to the light-transmitting window. The concentrating heating system converges the received solar radiation through the light-transmitting window into the receiving cavity to provide the heat required for the reaction. The material of the light-transmitting window is heat-resistant quartz or transparent ceramic material.

[0008] Furthermore, a solid raw material inlet is arranged on the upper side of the storage tank, a gas inlet is arranged at the bottom of the riser, and a return port is arranged on the side of the bottom of the riser. The return port is communicated with the storage tank. There is no limit to the opening size and quantity of the return port, which can be determined according to the particle size and mass of the solid raw material and solid product and the strength requirements of the riser. The electric heating device is arranged outside the downcomer and is used to assist in heating or preheating the reaction in the riser in the downcomer. The concentrating heating system heats the reaction raw materials ejected into the riser through the light-transmitting window. The receiving cavity is provided with a gas-phase product outlet for discharging the gas-phase product of the reaction. The solid-phase product of the reaction and the raw materials that are not completely reacted return to the storage tank through the downcomer.

[0009] Furthermore, the gas inlet is connected with a solar preheating device. The solar preheating device includes a reflector and a preheating pipe. The form of the reflector includes a parabolic trough reflector or a linear Fresnel reflector. Both ends of the preheating pipe are provided with a gas raw material inlet and a preheated gas outlet. The reflector is used to reflect solar radiation to heat the preheating pipe. The preheated gas outlet in the preheating pipe is connected with the gas inlet in the riser.

[0010] Furthermore, a wind distribution plate is arranged at the connection between the storage tank and the riser. The wind distribution plate is located below the return port. A discharge port is arranged at the center of the wind distribution plate, and the discharge port is located below the connection between the storage tank and the riser.

[0011] Furthermore, an annular baffle is also arranged on the riser. The annular baffle is located below the connection between the downcomer and the storage tank, forms an acute angle with the riser, and inclines downward along the direction away from the riser, which is used to change the fluid flow direction or slow down the falling speed of the material.

[0012] Furthermore, the lower part of the receiving cavity is a conical section, which inclines downward along the direction close to the riser. The lower part of the storage tank is a conical section, which inclines downward along the direction close to the riser. The solid raw material inlets are uniformly arranged in the circumferential direction of the storage tank, and the solid raw material inlets incline downward along the direction close to the storage tank.

[0013] Furthermore, the heating forms of the electric heating device include one or more of Joule heating, induction heating, electromagnetic radiation, and plasma heating; the sources of electrical energy for the electric heating device include one or more of solar energy, wind energy, hydraulic energy, and biomass energy; the electric heating device can independently raise the temperature to 1000 °C.

[0014] Furthermore, an annular fixator is provided outside the riser. The annular fixator is a high-temperature-resistant, open-type, double-circular steel ring connected by high-temperature-resistant steel sheets, which is used to maintain the stability of the riser in the fluidized state and meet the requirement of fixing the riser to prevent it from shaking on the premise of considering the thermal expansion of rigid materials at high temperatures.

[0015] The riser and its related components are integrated; the present invention does not limit the connection method of the receiving chamber, the downcomer, and the storage tank. Exemplarily, the receiving chamber, the downcomer, and the storage tank can be an integrated structure or a structure connected to each other by flanges. The switches of the gas raw material and the gas product can be controlled by globe valves; the switches of the solid raw material and the solid product can be controlled by ball valves.

[0016] Furthermore, the reactions carried out in the riser and the receiving chamber include biomass pyrolysis and gasification at 850 °C to 950 °C, cement clinker calcination at 900 °C, metal oxide preparation at 900 °C, calcium cycle CO2 capture at 650 °C to 950 °C, syngas production at 500 °C to 750 °C, heat storage and drying at 900 °C.

[0017] Advantages: Compared with the prior art, the significant advantages of the present invention are:

[0018] (1) Compared with the fluidized bed reaction device that uses traditional carbon-based fuel combustion for heating, the present invention can not only achieve stable heating of the reaction device with completely renewable energy, but also achieve the purpose of improving energy utilization efficiency and reducing carbon emissions.

[0019] (2) Compared with the currently single-energy-supplying reaction device, the present invention innovatively introduces a combined heating method of solar "surface" heating and electric "volume" heating to ensure the stable operation of the fluidized bed reaction device under different conditions. Through experimental verification of the "photoelectric combination, surface-body complementarity" heating technology, not only the thermal energy utilization efficiency is improved, but also the adaptability and continuity of the system are enhanced, providing a reliable basis and support for the further large-scale application of the technology.

[0020] (3) Compared with the currently single-function reaction devices, the present invention has the advantage of multi-functionality, enabling multiple thermochemical reactions and energy conversion processes to be achieved in the same device. This device is applicable to various processes such as biomass pyrolysis and gasification, cement clinker calcination, metal oxide preparation, syngas production, heat storage, drying, etc., with a wide range of application scenarios and high energy utilization capabilities, significantly enhancing the applicability and industrial value of the device, and meeting diverse production requirements.

[0021] (4) The photocurrent fluidized bed device provided by the present invention has the advantages of multi-energy complementarity and multi-function synergy, and is characterized by a simple structure and flexible adjustment. The design of the device can flexibly adjust the scale and layout according to different process requirements and scenarios. In addition, the device adopts green and low-carbon technologies, reducing the dependence on traditional fossil energy, meeting environmental protection requirements, and showing good market promotion and application potential. Description of the Drawings

[0022] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the low-carbon emission photo-thermal hybrid heating fluidized bed device in the present invention. Detailed Embodiments

[0023] Example 1

[0024] As Figure 1 shown, in this example, a low-carbon emission photo-thermal hybrid heating fluidized bed device includes a solar heating device 3 for providing the heat required for production in different environments, an electric heating device 5 as an auxiliary heat source, a solar preheating device 7 for preheating the gas required for production, a riser 1 as a place for transporting gas and materials or for partial reaction, and a receiving chamber 2 as a cavity for receiving solar heat and a container for reaction. The riser 1 is connected to a storage tank 6, the receiving chamber 2 is connected to a downcomer 4, and the storage tank 6 is connected to the downcomer 4 and the riser 1 for storing materials and achieving gas sealing. The riser 1 and its related components are integrated; the receiving chamber 2, the downcomer 4, and the storage tank 6 can be of an integrated structure or connected to each other as a whole through flanges.

[0025] The solar heating device 3 is a concentrating heating system composed of a concentrator matrix, located below the receiving chamber 2, where the concentrator matrix is arranged around the entire device; the concentrator matrix is composed of several regularly arranged concentrator mirrors, having the functions of automatically tracking sunlight and reflecting sunlight to the light-transmitting window 202, for receiving solar radiation and converging the received solar radiation to the receiving chamber 2 through the concentrator mirrors via the light-transmitting window; high-efficiency thermal energy conversion of solar energy is achieved through the concentrator matrix, and the solar heating device can independently raise the temperature to 950 °C.

[0026] The electric heating device 5 serves as an auxiliary heat source to ensure stable heat supply in different environments. The heating forms include, but are not limited to, one or more of Joule heating, induction heating, electromagnetic radiation, and plasma heating; its electrical energy comes from one or more of renewable energy power generation such as, but not limited to, solar energy, wind energy, hydraulic energy, and biomass energy; among them, the electric heating device can independently raise the temperature to 1000 °C.

[0027] The solar preheating device 7 includes a reflector 701 and a preheating pipe 702; the form of the reflector 701 can be a parabolic trough reflector or a linear Fresnel reflector; the preheating pipe 702 is provided with a gas raw material inlet 702a and a preheated gas outlet 702b; the preheating pipe 702 is placed horizontally as a whole; the gas raw material inlet 702a and the preheated gas outlet 702b are respectively arranged at both ends of the preheating pipe 702; the reflector 701 is located below or on the side of the preheating pipe 702 to concentrate solar heat on the preheating pipe 702 for heating the preheating pipe; the preheated gas outlet 702b in the preheating pipe 702 is connected to the preheated gas inlet 101 in the riser 1. The preheating device raises the gas temperature through the reflector and the preheating pipe, thereby optimizing the reaction conditions and improving the overall efficiency.

[0028] The riser 1 is provided with a preheated gas inlet 101, a distributor plate 102, an annular baffle 104, a return port 103, an annular retainer 105, and a discharge port 106; the preheated gas inlet 101 is arranged at the lower end of the riser 1; the center of the distributor plate 102 is provided with the discharge port 106, and they are both arranged below the connection between the storage tank 6 and the riser 1; the return port 103 is arranged above the connection between the storage tank 6 and the riser 1 and is evenly distributed around the riser 1. The opening size and number of the return port 103 are determined according to the particle size and mass of the solid raw material and the solid product and the strength requirements of the riser 1. The annular baffle 104 is arranged below the connection between the downcomer 4 and the storage tank 6 and forms an angle of 45° / 135° with the riser 1; the annular retainer 105 is an open double-ring structure, welded by three high-temperature resistant steel sheets, and is fixed outside the riser 1, below the connection between the receiving chamber 2 and the downcomer 4. This retainer takes into account high-temperature thermal expansion and structural rigidity, effectively preventing the riser 1 from shaking in the fluidized state. The type of the distributor plate 102 can be a direct-flow straight-hole type distributor plate or a flow-measuring cap type distributor plate. The return material through the downcomer can preheat the riser, further improving the heat utilization rate and reducing carbon emissions.

[0029] The receiving chamber 2 is provided with a gas product outlet 201 and a light-transmitting window 202; the light-transmitting window 202 is arranged on the lower conical surface of the receiving chamber 2 and surrounds it in a circle; the material of the light-transmitting window 202 is high-temperature resistant quartz or transparent ceramic material. The lower conical section of the receiving chamber 2 forms an angle of 45° / 135° with the downcomer 4; the gas product outlet 201 is arranged above the side of the receiving chamber 2 and is evenly distributed around it.

[0030] The storage tank 6 is provided with a solid raw material inlet 601; the lower conical section of the storage tank 6 forms an angle of 45° / 135° with the riser 1; the solid raw material inlet 601 is arranged above the side of the storage tank 6 at an angle of 45° / 135° therewith and is evenly distributed around the storage tank; the solid raw material inlet 601 is connected to a continuous feeder.

[0031] This device is applicable to a variety of thermochemical reactions and energy conversion processes, including but not limited to biomass pyrolysis and gasification at 850°C - 950°C, cement clinker calcination at 900°C, preparation of metal oxides at around 900°C, calcium looping CO2 capture at 650°C - 950°C, synthesis gas production at 500°C - 750°C, heat storage at 900°C, drying and other processes.

[0032] Example 2

[0033] Biomass pyrolysis and gasification process:

[0034] In this example, a low-carbon emission photovoltaic hybrid heating fluidized bed device can be used for biomass pyrolysis and gasification processes to produce hydrogen-rich syngas or hydrogen. The specific process is as follows: Gasifying agents such as air, oxygen, steam or carbon dioxide are preheated by the solar preheating device 7, and the preheating temperature can reach above 400°C, and then enter the riser from the preheated gas inlet 101 in the riser 1; Biomass raw materials such as rice husks, pine sawdust, corn straw, wood chips or algae Enteromorpha prolifera, etc. and the catalyst (Ni-based catalyst, natural ore or alkali and alkaline earth metals, etc.) enter the riser through the solid raw material inlet 601 in the storage tank 6 and the return port 103 in the riser 1 in sequence; The gasifying agent is used as a transportation medium, and the biomass raw material and the catalyst flow upward as a whole in the riser 1 and are preheated / heated to about 750°C by the electric heating device 5 to first undergo partial pyrolysis reactions; Subsequently, the biomass raw material and the catalyst are heated to 850°C - 950°C by the solar heating device 3 again in the form of a "fountain" above the riser 1 to undergo further pyrolysis and gasification reactions, and the gas-phase product hydrogen-rich syngas is discharged through the gas-phase product outlet 201 in the receiving cavity 2, and then pure hydrogen gas can be obtained through separation and purification for use as a gas fuel or for synthesizing liquid fuels and chemical products. The gasified solid products, ungasified biomass raw materials and catalysts enter the storage tank 6 through the downcomer 4 and the annular baffle 104 on the riser 1 in sequence, and the catalyst can be activated in the downcomer 4 to extend its life; Subsequently, the three enter the riser 1 through the return port 103 together with the preheated gasifying agent, repeating the above reaction process until the biomass pyrolysis is completed; Finally, the solid slag produced by biomass gasification is discharged from the discharge port 106, and the catalyst therein can be separated according to its activity for consideration of reuse.

[0035] Example 3

[0036] Cement clinker calcination process:

[0037] In this embodiment, a hybrid solar-electric heating fluidized bed device with low carbon emissions can be used in the cement clinker calcination process to achieve low carbon emissions during the cement clinker production process. The specific process is as follows: After being preheated by the solar preheating device 7, the air can reach a preheating temperature of about 450°C and enters the riser 1 through the preheated gas inlet 101 in the riser; the cement raw meal, which is a mixture of calcareous raw materials, argillaceous raw materials, and a small amount of corrective raw materials in proportion, enters the riser through the solid raw material inlet 601 in the storage tank 6 and the return port 103 in the riser 1 successively; the preheated air, as a transportation medium, and the cement raw meal flow upward as a whole in the riser 1 and are preheated / heated to 700°C - 750°C by the electric heating device 5, and the cement raw meal first undergoes a partial pre-decomposition reaction; subsequently, the cement raw meal forms a "fountain" shape above the riser 1 and is heated by the solar heating device 3 to about 900°C to undergo a more complete decomposition reaction, and the gaseous product CO2 is discharged through the gaseous product outlet 201 in the receiving chamber 2 and can be used as an important raw material in industrial, food, and chemical production fields subsequently. The decomposed cement clinker and the incompletely decomposed cement raw meal enter the storage tank 6 through the downcomer 4 and the annular baffle 104 on the riser 1; then the two enter the riser 1 together with the preheated air through the return port 103, and the above reaction process is repeated until the cement raw meal is completely decomposed; finally, the cement clinker is discharged from the discharge port 106 and used for subsequent cement production.

[0038] Example 4

[0039] Metal oxide preparation process:

[0040] In this embodiment, a low-carbon-emission hybrid photovoltaic-thermal heating fluidized bed device can be used for carbonate decomposition reactions (such as calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, or iron carbonate, etc.) (MeCO3 → MeO + CO2) to prepare important metal oxides for subsequent production or directly as final products. The specific process is as follows: The inert or oxidizing gas raw material is preheated by the solar preheating device 7, and the preheating temperature can reach about 500 °C. Then, it enters the riser 1 together with the carbonate raw material through the preheated gas inlet 101 in the riser 1 and the solid raw material inlet 601 in the storage tank 6 and the return port 103 in the riser 1. The inert or oxidizing gas, as the transport medium and the carbonate raw material, flow upward as a whole in the riser 1 and are preheated / heated to above 700 °C by the electric heating device 5 to first undergo a partial decomposition reaction; Subsequently, the carbonate raw material is heated again to above 900 °C in the form of a "fountain" by the solar heating device 3 above the riser 1 to undergo a further decomposition reaction. The gaseous product CO2 is discharged through the gaseous product outlet 201 in the receiving chamber 2 and can be used as an important raw material in industrial, food, and chemical production fields. The decomposed metal oxides and the incompletely decomposed carbonate raw materials enter the storage tank 6 through the downcomer 4 and the annular baffle 104 on the riser 1; Subsequently, the two enter the riser 1 together with the preheated inert or oxidizing gas through the return port 103, and the above reaction process is repeated until the carbonate raw material is completely decomposed; Finally, the metal oxides produced by carbonate decomposition are discharged from the discharge port 106 and can be used as intermediate products or target products for subsequent production or directly as final products.

[0041] Example 5

[0042] Calcium looping CO2 capture process:

[0043] In this embodiment, a low-carbon-emission hybrid photovoltaic-thermal heating fluidized bed device can be used for the calcium looping reaction Realize the enrichment of CO2 in the flue gas at the tail of a coal-fired power plant. The specific process is as follows: The coal-fired flue gas (containing 12% - 15% CO2) is preheated by the solar preheating device 7, and the preheating temperature can reach 350°C - 400°C, and then enters the riser 1 from the preheated gas inlet 101 in the riser; The solid absorbent (such as CaO, etc.) enters the riser through the solid raw material inlet 601 in the storage tank 6 and the return port 103 in the riser 1 successively. The coal-fired flue gas, as a transportation medium and CaO, flow upward as a whole in the riser 1 and are preheated / heated to about 650°C by the electric heating device 5. The CO2 in the coal-fired flue gas reacts with CaO to form CaCO3; Subsequently, CaCO3 is heated to about 950°C by the solar heating device 3 in the form of a "fountain" above the riser 1 and undergoes a calcination reaction. The decomposed high-concentration CO2 is discharged through the gas-phase product outlet 201 in the receiving chamber 2, and the pure CO2 formed through condensation and separation can be used as an important raw material in the industrial, food, and chemical production fields. The decomposed CaO enters the storage tank 6 through the downcomer 4 and the annular baffle 104 on the riser 1; Subsequently, it enters the riser 1 together with the preheated coal-fired flue gas through the return port 103, and the above reaction process is repeated until CaO is deactivated; Finally, the deactivated CaO is discharged from the discharge port 106 and can be used for cement production.

[0044] Example 6

[0045] Process for producing syngas by dry reforming of methane:

[0046] In this embodiment, a hybrid solar-electric heated fluidized bed apparatus with low carbon emissions can be used for the dry reforming of methane (CH4 + CO2 → 2H2 + 2CO) to produce syngas. Two greenhouse gases, CH4 and CO2, are used to produce syngas (H2 / CO = 1) suitable for carbonyl synthesis and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis under high temperature and catalyst conditions. The specific process is as follows: CH4 and CO2 are preheated by the solar preheating device 7 to a preheating temperature of about 350 °C and then enter the riser 1 through the preheated gas inlet 101 in the riser; the catalyst (noble metal or non-noble metal), the carrier (oxide, spinel, perovskite or mesoporous material), and the promoter (alkali metal / alkali metal oxide or rare earth metal / rare earth metal oxide) enter the riser through the solid raw material inlet 601 in the storage tank 6 and the return port 103 in the riser 1 in sequence; CH4 and CO2 act as both reactants and transport media, and the catalyst / carrier / promoter flow upward as a whole in the riser 1 and are preheated / heated to about 500 °C by the electric heating device 5 to first undergo a partial dry reforming reaction of methane; subsequently, the catalyst / carrier / promoter are heated again to 550 °C - 650 °C in the form of a "fountain" by the solar heating device 3 above the riser 1 to further catalyze the reaction of CH4 and CO2. The gaseous products are discharged through the gaseous product outlet 201 in the receiving chamber 2, and the syngas after removing water vapor through the condensation process can be used as the raw material gas for producing chemical products. The catalyst / carrier / promoter enter the storage tank 6 through the downcomer 4 and the annular baffle 104 on the riser 1 in sequence, and the catalyst is reactivated by certain measures to extend its life; then the three enter the riser 1 through the return port 103 together with the preheated CH4 and CO2 to repeat the above dry reforming reaction process of methane; finally, the used catalyst / carrier / promoter are discharged from the discharge port 106.

[0047] Example 7

[0048] Process for producing syngas by reverse water gas shift reaction:

[0049] In this embodiment, a photo-thermal hybrid heating fluidized bed device with low carbon emissions can be used for the reverse water-gas shift reaction (CO2 + H2 → CO + H2O) to produce syngas, and convert the greenhouse gas CO2 into high-value-added chemicals through a hydrogenation process. The specific process is as follows: After being preheated by the solar preheating device 7, the temperature of CO2 and H2 can reach about 300 °C, and they enter the riser 1 from the preheated gas inlet 101 in the riser; the catalyst (such as metal-based catalysts like Pt / Ni / Cu, metal carbides or phosphides) enters the riser through the solid raw material inlet 601 in the storage tank 6 and the return port 103 in the riser 1 successively; CO2 and H2 act as both reactants and transportation media and catalysts, and flow upward as a whole in the riser 1. They are preheated / heated to about 400 °C by the electric heating device 5 and first undergo a partial reverse water-gas shift reaction; subsequently, the catalyst is heated to 500 °C - 600 °C again in the form of a "fountain" by the solar heating device 3 above the riser 1 to further catalyze the reaction of CO2 and H2. The gaseous products are discharged through the gaseous product outlet 201 in the receiving chamber 2, and the syngas after removing water vapor through the condensation process can be used as the raw material gas for producing chemical products or prepare olefin chemicals and alcohol fuels through the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process. The catalyst enters the storage tank 6 successively through the downcomer 4 and the annular baffle 104 on the riser 1, and certain measures are taken to reactivate the catalyst to extend its life; subsequently, the catalyst enters the riser 1 together with the preheated CO2 and H2 through the return port 103, and the above-mentioned methane dry reforming reaction process is repeated; finally, the used catalyst is discharged from the discharge port 106.

[0050] Example 8

[0051] Heat storage process:

[0052] In this embodiment, a hybrid photovoltaic and thermal heating fluidized bed device with low carbon emissions can be used in the heat storage process. By using quartz sand or silica sand as the heat storage medium, solar energy can be stored in the form of sensible heat. The heat stored in the quartz sand or silica sand can be used for heating or other thermal processes. The specific process is as follows: The fluidizing gas (usually an inert gas) is preheated by the solar energy preheating device 7, and the preheating temperature can reach above 450 °C. Then it enters the riser 1 from the preheated gas inlet 101 in the riser; the quartz sand or silica sand enters the riser through the solid raw material inlet 601 in the storage tank 6 and the return port 103 in the riser in sequence; the fluidizing gas transports the quartz sand or silica sand to the upper part of the riser to absorb the heat in the solar energy heating device in the form of a "fountain" (the electric heating device does not work during this process), and the temperature can reach about 900 °C; the fluidizing gas is discharged through the gas-phase product outlet 201 in the receiving chamber 2 and can be stored for the next transportation; the quartz sand or silica sand that has absorbed solar heat enters the storage tank 6 through the downcomer 4 and the annular baffle 104 on the riser 1 in sequence; then the quartz sand or silica sand enters the riser 1 together with the preheated fluidizing gas through the return port 103, repeating the above process; during this process, the quartz sand or silica sand that has absorbed solar heat can pass through other heat exchange equipment in the storage tank for other thermal processes.

[0053] Example 9

[0054] Drying process:

[0055] In this embodiment, a hybrid photovoltaic and thermal heating fluidized bed device with low carbon emissions can be used in the drying process to dry solid particles by solar heating. The specific process is as follows: The fluidizing gas (usually an inert gas) is preheated by the solar energy preheating device 7 (the preheating temperature depends on the particles to be dried), and then enters the riser 1 from the preheated gas inlet 101 in the riser; the solid particles enter the riser through the solid raw material inlet 601 in the storage tank 6 and the return port 103 in the riser in sequence; the fluidizing gas fluidizes the solid particles in the riser and heats and dries them through the electric heating device (the drying temperature depends on the particles to be dried, and the solar energy heating device does not work during this process). The dried solid particles pass through the downcomer and enter the storage tank 6 through the downcomer 4 and the annular baffle 104 on the riser 1 in sequence; then the dried particles are discharged through the return port 103 and the discharge port 106 in sequence. This drying process can also be carried out in a way that the electric heating device does not work while the solar energy heating device works, that is, the fluidizing gas transports the solid particles to the upper part of the riser to absorb the heat in the solar energy heating device in the form of a "fountain" (the drying temperature depends on the particles to be dried, and the electric heating device does not work during this process), and the subsequent process is the same as above.

[0056] In summary, under the background of the utilization and conversion of renewable energy, the rapid development of green electricity and electrification technologies, and industrial low-carbon production, a photoelectric hybrid heating fluidized bed device provided by the present invention applies the "photoelectric combination + surface-body complementary" collaborative technology to the fluidized bed reaction device, realizing efficient energy conversion and low-carbon green production in the industrial process, and providing new ideas and technical support for the design, development, and scaling-up of a new type of fluidized bed reaction device.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic hybrid heating fluidized bed device with low carbon emissions, characterized in that, It includes a storage tank (6) for introducing reaction raw materials, a riser (1) for gas transporting materials or carrying out partial reactions, a receiving chamber (2) for carrying out reactions, a downcomer (4), a solar heater (3) and an electric heating device (5). The downcomer (4) is sleeved outside the riser (1), and the downcomer (4) is connected to the storage tank (6) and the receiving chamber (2). The storage tank (6) is sleeved outside the riser (1). One end of the riser (1) is located inside the receiving chamber (2), and the riser (1) is provided with a return port (103) communicating with the storage tank (6). The solar heater (3) is used to provide heat for the receiving chamber (2), and the electric heating device (5) is used for auxiliary heating. The reaction raw materials introduced into the storage tank are lifted to the receiving chamber through the riser for reaction, and the solid-phase products and the unreacted raw materials after the reaction return to the storage tank through the downcomer.

2. The low-carbon emission hybrid photovoltaic and thermal fluidized bed heating device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The solar heater (3) includes a concentrating heating system and a light-transmitting window (202). The receiving chamber (2) is provided with the light-transmitting window (202). The concentrating heating system includes concentrating mirrors arranged in an array. The concentrating heating system converges the received solar radiation to the inside of the receiving chamber (2) through the light-transmitting window (202) to provide the heat required for the reaction.

3. The photoelectric hybrid heating fluidized bed device with low carbon emissions according to claim 2, wherein, A solid raw material inlet (601) is arranged on the upper side surface of the storage tank (6). A gas inlet (101) is arranged at the bottom of the riser (1), and a return port (103) is arranged on the side surface at the bottom of the riser (1). The return port (103) communicates with the storage tank (6). The electric heating device (5) is arranged outside the downcomer (4) to provide auxiliary heating or preheating for the reaction in the riser (1) inside the downcomer (4). The concentrating heating system heats the reaction raw materials ejected into the riser (1) through the light-transmitting window (202). The receiving chamber (2) is provided with a gas-phase product outlet (201) for discharging the gas-phase products of the reaction. The solid-phase products of the reaction and the unreacted raw materials return to the storage tank through the downcomer.

4. The low-carbon-emission hybrid photovoltaic and thermal heating fluidized bed device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The gas inlet (101) is connected with a solar preheating device (7). The solar preheating device (7) includes a reflector (701) and a preheating pipe (702). The form of the reflector (701) includes a parabolic trough reflector or a linear Fresnel reflector. Both ends of the preheating pipe (702) are provided with a gas raw material inlet (702a) and a preheated gas outlet (702b). The reflector (701) is used to reflect solar radiation to heat the preheating pipe (702). The preheated gas outlet (702b) in the preheating pipe (702) is connected to the gas inlet (101) in the riser (1).

5. The optoelectronic hybrid heating fluidized bed device with low carbon emissions according to claim 3, characterized in that, An air distribution plate (102) is arranged at the connection of the storage tank (6) and the riser (1). The air distribution plate (102) is located below the return port (103). A discharge port (106) is arranged at the center of the air distribution plate (102), and the discharge port (106) is located below the connection of the storage tank (6) and the riser (1).

6. The low-carbon emission hybrid photovoltaic and thermal fluidized bed heating device according to claim 5, wherein, An annular baffle (104) is further provided on the riser (1). The annular baffle (104) is located below the connection between the downcomer (4) and the storage tank (6), forms an acute angle with the riser (1), and slopes downward along the direction away from the riser (1) for changing the fluid flow direction or slowing down the falling speed of the material.

7. The low-carbon-emission hybrid photovoltaic and thermal heating fluidized bed device according to claim 1, characterized in that The lower part of the receiving chamber (2) is a conical section, which slopes downward along the direction close to the riser (1). The lower part of the storage tank (6) is a conical section, which slopes downward along the direction close to the riser (1). Solid raw material inlets (601) are evenly arranged circumferentially on the storage tank (6), and the solid raw material inlets (601) slope downward along the direction close to the storage tank (6).

8. The low-carbon emission hybrid photovoltaic and thermal fluidized bed heating device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heating forms of the electric heating device (5) include one or more of Joule heating, induction heating, electromagnetic radiation, and plasma heating; the energy sources of the electric energy of the electric heating device (5) include one or more of solar energy, wind energy, hydraulic energy, and biomass energy; the electric heating device can independently raise the temperature to 1000 °C.

9. The low-carbon emission photo-thermal hybrid heating fluidized bed device according to claim 1, characterized in that, An annular fixator (105) is arranged outside the riser (1). The annular fixator (105) is a high-temperature-resistant, open-type double circular steel ring connected by high-temperature-resistant steel sheets for maintaining the stability of the riser in the fluidized state.

10. The optoelectronic hybrid heating fluidized bed device with low carbon emissions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reactions carried out in the riser (1) and the receiving chamber (2) include biomass pyrolysis and gasification at 850 °C to 950 °C, cement clinker calcination at 900 °C, preparation of metal oxides at 900 °C, calcium cycle CO2 capture at 650 °C to 950 °C, synthesis gas production at 500 °C to 750 °C, heat storage process and drying process at 900 °C.

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