New energy automobile aluminum profile constant-speed extrusion automation process

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum profiles, in particular to a new energy automobile aluminum profile constant-speed extrusion automation technology which comprises the steps that firstly, an extrusion cylinder of an extruder is preheated to a first preset temperature range; 2, preheating the extrusion die to a second preset temperature range; thirdly, the aluminum bar is evenly heated to a third preset temperature range through a heating furnace, and then secondary heating treatment is conducted on the aluminum bar at an outlet of the heating furnace through a preheating furnace; fourthly, the preheated aluminum bar is fed into an extrusion cylinder, and constant-speed extrusion is conducted within a first preset pressure range; fifthly, in the extrusion process, the temperature of the aluminum bar and the temperature of the extrusion die are monitored and adjusted in real time; sixthly, auxiliary cooling is carried out at a discharging opening of the mold in a liquid nitrogen spraying mode; and seventhly, after the extruded aluminum profile is cooled to the room temperature, actual treatment is conducted. The technical problems that in the existing new energy vehicle aluminum profile production process, temperature control is inaccurate, the extrusion speed and temperature are difficult to match, and the auxiliary cooling effect is limited are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of aluminum profiles, and in particular to an automated process for iso-speed extrusion of aluminum profiles for new energy vehicles. Background Art

[0002] At present, with the increasing global attention to energy conservation, emission reduction and sustainable development, the new energy vehicle industry has ushered in unprecedented development opportunities. As a key structural material for new energy vehicles, aluminum profiles have been widely used in body frames, battery pack shells and other components due to their light weight, high strength and corrosion resistance. However, the extrusion molding process of aluminum profiles is the core link in its manufacturing process, and its technical level and process stability directly determine the quality and performance of aluminum profiles.

[0003] The traditional aluminum extrusion process for new energy vehicles has the following technical bottlenecks: 1. Inaccurate temperature control: During the extrusion process, the temperature of the aluminum rod and the mold fluctuates greatly, which is difficult to accurately control within the ideal range, resulting in uneven internal structure of the aluminum profile, decreased mechanical properties, and increased scrap rate; Difficulty in matching extrusion speed and temperature: The dynamic matching relationship between the extrusion speed and the aluminum rod temperature is complex. It is difficult for traditional processes to flexibly adjust the extrusion speed according to the real-time temperature of the aluminum rod, resulting in unstable discharge temperature, affecting subsequent processing effects and product consistency; Limited auxiliary cooling effect: Existing auxiliary cooling methods often cannot accurately control the discharge temperature, which can easily cause residual stress or deformation of the aluminum profile during the cooling process, affecting its final performance.

[0004] Based on this, the applicant has made corresponding adjustments and improvements to the forming process of aluminum profiles for new energy vehicles. Summary of the invention

[0005] Therefore, in response to the above problems, the present invention proposes an automated constant-speed extrusion process for aluminum profiles for new energy vehicles, which solves the technical problems of inaccurate temperature control, difficulty in matching extrusion speed and temperature, and limited auxiliary cooling effect in the existing production process of aluminum profiles for new energy vehicles.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: an automated process for constant-speed extrusion of aluminum profiles for new energy vehicles, comprising the following steps:

[0007] The first step is to preheat the extruder, preheat the extruder barrel to a first preset temperature range of 445°C to 455°C, and maintain the temperature range until the extrusion process begins;

[0008] The second step is to preheat the die, preheating the extrusion die to a second preset temperature range of 475°C to 485°C, and maintaining the temperature range until the extrusion process is completed;

[0009] Step 3: Aluminum bar heating. The aluminum bar is evenly heated to the third preset temperature range of 505°C to 515°C through a heating furnace. Subsequently, it undergoes secondary heating treatment through a preheating furnace at the outlet of the heating furnace, causing the longitudinal temperature of the aluminum bar to decrease in a gradient manner, with the decreasing range being 455°C to 515°C;

[0010] Step 4: Constant-speed extrusion. The preheated aluminum bar is fed into the extrusion cylinder and undergoes constant-speed extrusion under the first preset pressure range of 155 ± 15 kg / m 2 at a constant extrusion speed controlled within 3.5 to 4.5 m / min;

[0011] Step 5: Temperature regulation. During the extrusion process, the temperature of the aluminum bar and the extrusion die is monitored and adjusted in real time to ensure that the temperature fluctuation of the aluminum bar during extrusion does not exceed ±5°C;

[0012] Step 6: Auxiliary cooling. At the die outlet, liquid nitrogen is sprayed for auxiliary cooling, and the temperature is detected in real time through an infrared thermometer to control the outlet temperature within the fourth preset temperature range of 505°C to 515°C;

[0013] Step 7: Aging treatment. After the extruded aluminum profile is cooled to room temperature, aging treatment is carried out. The aging treatment temperature is within the fifth preset temperature range of 145°C to 165°C, and the aging treatment time is 2.5 to 4.5 hours.

[0014] Furthermore, in the aluminum bar heating step, by controlling the heating power of the preheating furnace, precise control of the longitudinal temperature gradient of the aluminum bar is achieved, with the gradient change rate not exceeding 5°C per meter, and the preheating furnace adopts a segmented independent temperature control method, and the temperature of each segment can be adjusted independently.

[0015] Furthermore, in the constant-speed extrusion step, the extrusion speed is finely adjusted according to the real-time temperature of the aluminum bar. When the temperature of the aluminum bar approaches the upper limit of the third preset temperature range, the extrusion speed is reduced; when the temperature of the aluminum bar approaches the lower limit, the extrusion speed is increased to maintain the stability of the outlet temperature, and the adjustment range of the extrusion speed does not exceed ±0.5 m / min.

[0016] Furthermore, in the temperature regulation step, if it is detected that the temperature of the aluminum bar or the extrusion die exceeds the preset range, the emergency cooling or heating system is immediately activated. The emergency cooling system rapidly reduces the temperature by spraying compressed air or coolant, and the emergency heating system rapidly increases the temperature by means of resistance wire or induction heating. Both are equipped with PID controllers to automatically adjust the output power according to the temperature deviation to ensure that the temperature is restored to within the preset range of ±2°C within 10 seconds.

[0017] Further, in the auxiliary cooling step, the flow rate and spraying time of liquid nitrogen spraying are adjusted according to the real-time monitoring data of the infrared thermometer. When the infrared thermometer detects that the discharging temperature is higher than the upper limit of the fourth preset temperature range, the liquid nitrogen flow rate is increased to 75%-85% of the maximum flow rate, and the spraying time is extended to 5 seconds; when the detected temperature is lower than the lower limit, the liquid nitrogen flow rate is reduced to 30% of the minimum flow rate, and the spraying time is shortened to 2 seconds; when the temperature is within the range, the flow rate is maintained at 45%-55% of the maximum flow rate and the spraying time is 2-4 seconds to achieve precise temperature control.

[0018] Further, in the aging treatment step, the aging treatment temperature is finely adjusted according to the set basic set value, but always remains within the fifth preset temperature range. During the aging treatment process, the circulating air heating method is adopted to ensure uniform heating of the aluminum profiles.

[0019] Further, the motor speed of the circulating hot air blower is controlled by a frequency converter, and then the air volume and hot air output temperature of the hot air blower are adjusted to realize dynamic adjustment of the hot air output power according to the deviation between the real-time temperature and the target temperature in the aging treatment cavity, ensuring the stability and uniformity of the aging treatment temperature. The frequency conversion control range is set to 30% to 100% of the rated speed of the blower.

[0020] Further, a deflector or a spiral air duct structure is arranged in the aging treatment chamber, so that the circulating hot air circulates in the chamber in a spiral path. The spiral circulation direction is to spiral along the central axis in the length direction of the aluminum profile, ensuring that the hot air can fully contact all surfaces of the aluminum profile and improving the heating efficiency and temperature uniformity.

[0021] Further, after the aluminum rod heating step, an aluminum rod surface cleaning step is added to remove the oxide scale and impurities on the surface of the aluminum rod through high-pressure gas, ensuring good contact between the aluminum rod and the extrusion cylinder and the die.

[0022] Further, in the aluminum rod surface cleaning step, a high-pressure gas and oscillation synergistic action method is adopted to achieve efficient cleaning, including the following steps:

[0023] Step a, high-pressure gas spraying. Dry compressed air is used as the cleaning medium, and the gas pressure is set to 0.6-0.8 MPa. The surface of the aluminum profile is sprayed all-round through multiple groups of fan-shaped or conical nozzles. The nozzles are arranged along the conveying direction of the aluminum profile, and the spraying angle is adjustable. During the spraying process, the gas flow rate is dynamically adjusted according to the size and surface pollution degree of the aluminum profile. The flow rate of a single nozzle is controlled at 100-150 L / min, and the total flow rate does not exceed 1200 L / min;

[0024] Step b, Oscillation-assisted cleaning: While injecting high-pressure gas, mechanical oscillation is applied to the aluminum profile. The oscillation frequency is set to 50 - 150 Hz, the amplitude is ±2 - 5 mm, and the cleaning cycle lasts for 5 - 10 seconds.

[0025] By adopting the foregoing technical solutions, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0026] 1. This solution realizes the efficient and high-quality extrusion forming of aluminum profiles for new energy vehicles by precisely controlling key steps such as extruder preheating, die preheating, aluminum rod heating, isothermal extrusion, temperature regulation, auxiliary cooling, and aging treatment. Isothermal extrusion and temperature regulation ensure the uniformity of the internal structure of the aluminum profile, improving its mechanical properties and surface quality; auxiliary cooling and aging treatment further optimize the performance of the aluminum profile, meeting the requirements of the new energy vehicle industry for lightweight and high-performance aluminum profiles.

[0027] 2. By controlling the heating power of the preheating furnace, precise control of the longitudinal temperature gradient of the aluminum rod is achieved, which helps to reduce the thermal stress during the extrusion process of the aluminum profile and improve the dimensional accuracy and surface quality of the product. The segmented independent temperature control method allows the temperature to be adjusted according to different parts of the aluminum rod, further optimizing the extrusion process.

[0028] 3. The extrusion speed is finely adjusted according to the real-time temperature of the aluminum rod, maintaining the stability of the discharge temperature, which helps to reduce the deformation and residual stress of the aluminum profile during the extrusion process and improve the overall performance of the product. This dynamic adjustment mechanism makes the extrusion process more flexible and efficient.

[0029] 4. The provision of an emergency cooling or heating system ensures that when the temperature of the aluminum rod or extrusion die exceeds the preset range, it can quickly return to normal, avoiding production interruptions or product quality problems caused by abnormal temperatures. The use of a PID controller improves the accuracy and response speed of temperature regulation.

[0030] 5. The flow rate and spraying time of liquid nitrogen spraying are adjusted according to the real-time monitoring data of the infrared thermometer, achieving precise control of the discharge temperature. This dynamic adjustment mechanism helps to reduce the thermal stress of the aluminum profile during the cooling process and improve the dimensional stability and surface quality of the product.

[0031] 6. The aging treatment temperature is finely adjusted according to the set basic set value, and the circulating air heating method is adopted to ensure the uniform heating of the aluminum profile during the aging treatment process. This helps to optimize the organizational structure of the aluminum profile and improve its mechanical properties and corrosion resistance.

[0032] 7. By controlling the motor speed of the circulating hot air blower through a frequency converter, the dynamic adjustment of the hot air output power is achieved. This adjustment mechanism helps to precisely control the hot air output according to the deviation between the real-time temperature and the target temperature in the actual processing chamber, further improving the uniformity and stability of the actual processing.

[0033] 8. A baffle or spiral air duct structure is set in the chamber for actual processing, so that the circulating hot air circulates in the chamber in a spiral path. This design ensures that the hot air can fully contact all surfaces of the aluminum profile, improving the heating efficiency and temperature uniformity, and further optimizing the organizational structure of the aluminum profile.

[0034] 9. After the aluminum rod heating step, an aluminum rod surface cleaning step is added. The oxide scale and impurities on the surface of the aluminum rod are removed by high-pressure gas, ensuring good contact between the aluminum rod and the extrusion cylinder and the die. This helps to reduce friction and wear during the extrusion process, improving the extrusion efficiency and product quality.

[0035] 10. The high-efficiency cleaning of the aluminum rod surface is achieved by the synergistic action of high-pressure gas and oscillation. The high-pressure gas injection can quickly remove the loose impurities on the surface of the aluminum rod, while the oscillation assistance can deeply remove the stubborn impurities attached to the surface of the aluminum rod. This synergistic mechanism improves the cleaning efficiency and quality, providing a good foundation for the subsequent extrusion process. At the same time, the gas flow rate and oscillation parameters are dynamically adjusted, making the cleaning process more flexible and efficient, and adapting to aluminum rods of different specifications and pollution degrees. Specific Embodiments

[0036] The present invention will be further described in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0037] This embodiment provides an isothermal extrusion automation process for aluminum profiles of new energy vehicles, including the following steps:

[0038] The first step is to preheat the extruder. The extrusion cylinder of the extruder is preheated to the first preset temperature range of 445°C to 455°C and maintained within this temperature range until the extrusion process starts;

[0039] The second step is to preheat the die. The extrusion die is preheated to the second preset temperature range of 475°C to 485°C and maintained within this temperature range until the extrusion process ends;

[0040] The third step is to heat the aluminum rod. The aluminum rod is uniformly heated to the third preset temperature range of 505°C to 515°C through a heating furnace, and then undergoes a secondary heating treatment through a preheating furnace at the outlet of the heating furnace, so that the longitudinal temperature of the aluminum rod decreases in a gradient, and the decreasing range is 455°C to 515°C;

[0041] The fourth step is isothermal extrusion. The preheated aluminum rod is fed into the extrusion cylinder, and within the first preset pressure range of 155 ± 15 kg / m 2Perform equal-speed extrusion at a speed controlled between 3.5 and 4.5 m / min;

[0042] Step 5, temperature regulation: During the extrusion process, continuously monitor and adjust the temperatures of the aluminum rod and the extrusion die to ensure that the temperature fluctuation of the aluminum rod during extrusion does not exceed ±5°C;

[0043] Step 6, auxiliary cooling: At the die outlet, use the method of spraying liquid nitrogen for auxiliary cooling, and use an infrared thermometer to continuously detect the temperature, controlling the outlet temperature within the fourth preset temperature range of 505°C to 515°C;

[0044] Step 7, aging treatment: After cooling the extruded aluminum profile to room temperature, perform aging treatment. The aging treatment temperature is within the fifth preset temperature range of 145°C to 165°C, and the aging treatment time is 2.5 to 4.5 hours.

[0045] In actual production, operate in accordance with the above steps in sequence. Each link, such as preheating, heating, extrusion, cooling, and aging treatment, is equipped with an automated control system to achieve precise control of parameters such as temperature, pressure, and speed.

[0046] In the aluminum rod heating step, precisely control the longitudinal temperature gradient of the aluminum rod by controlling the heating power of the preheating furnace. The gradient change rate does not exceed 5°C per meter, and the preheating furnace uses a segmented independent temperature control method, where the temperature of each segment can be adjusted independently. In the design of the preheating furnace, it is divided into multiple independent heating segments, and each heating segment is equipped with an independent heating element and temperature sensor. Through the PLC control system, automatically adjust the heating power of each heating segment according to the preset temperature gradient curve to achieve precise control of the longitudinal temperature of the aluminum rod. At the same time, set a temperature detection point at the outlet of the preheating furnace to continuously monitor the actual temperature of the aluminum rod to ensure that the temperature gradient meets the requirements.

[0047] In the equal-speed extrusion step, finely adjust the extrusion speed according to the real-time temperature of the aluminum rod. When the temperature of the aluminum rod approaches the upper limit of the third preset temperature range, reduce the extrusion speed; when the temperature of the aluminum rod approaches the lower limit, increase the extrusion speed to maintain the stability of the outlet temperature, and the adjustment range of the extrusion speed does not exceed ±0.5 m / min. Integrate a temperature sensor and a speed adjustment device on the extrusion machine control system. When the temperature sensor detects a change in the temperature of the aluminum rod, transmit the signal to the control system, and the control system automatically adjusts the extrusion speed according to the preset algorithm. At the same time, set the upper and lower limits of the speed adjustment to ensure that the adjustment range of the extrusion speed is within a reasonable range.

[0048] In the temperature control step, if the temperature of the aluminum rod or the extrusion die is detected to exceed the preset range, the emergency cooling or heating system is immediately activated. The emergency cooling system rapidly reduces the temperature by spraying compressed air or coolant, and the emergency heating system rapidly increases the temperature by means of resistance wires or induction heating. Both are equipped with PID controllers, which automatically adjust the output power according to the temperature deviation to ensure that the temperature is restored to within the preset range ±2°C within 10 seconds. The emergency cooling and heating systems are arranged around the extruder, including compressed air nozzles, coolant nozzles, resistance wire heating devices, induction heating devices, etc. Temperature sensors continuously monitor the temperatures of the aluminum rod and the die and transmit the data to the PID controller. When the temperature exceeds the preset range, the PID controller automatically activates the corresponding emergency system and adjusts the output power according to the temperature deviation to ensure that the temperature is rapidly restored to within the preset range.

[0049] In the auxiliary cooling step, the flow rate and spraying time of liquid nitrogen are adjusted according to the real-time monitoring data of the infrared thermometer. When the infrared thermometer detects that the discharge temperature is higher than the upper limit of the fourth preset temperature range, the liquid nitrogen flow rate is increased to 75%-85% of the maximum flow rate, and the spraying time is extended to 5 seconds; when the detected temperature is lower than the lower limit, the liquid nitrogen flow rate is reduced to 30% of the minimum flow rate, and the spraying time is shortened to 2 seconds; within the temperature range, the maximum flow rate of 45%-55% and the spraying time of 2-4 seconds are maintained to achieve precise temperature control.

[0050] In the aging treatment step, the aging treatment temperature is finely adjusted according to the set basic setting value, but always remains within the fifth preset temperature range. During the aging treatment process, the circulating air heating method is adopted to ensure uniform heating of the aluminum profile.

[0051] The motor speed of the circulating hot air blower is controlled by a frequency converter, thereby adjusting the air volume and hot air output temperature of the hot air blower, and realizing dynamic adjustment of the hot air output power according to the deviation between the real-time temperature and the target temperature in the aging treatment chamber to ensure the stability and uniformity of the aging treatment temperature. The frequency conversion control range is set to 30% to 100% of the rated speed of the blower.

[0052] A deflector or spiral air duct structure is arranged in the chamber for aging treatment, so that the circulating hot air circulates in the chamber in a spiral path. The spiral circulation direction is to spiral along the central axis in the length direction of the aluminum profile, ensuring that the hot air can fully contact all surfaces of the aluminum profile and improving the heating efficiency and temperature uniformity.

[0053] After the aluminum rod heating step, add an aluminum rod surface cleaning step to remove the oxide scale and impurities on the surface of the aluminum rod by high-pressure gas, ensuring good contact between the aluminum rod and the extrusion cylinder and the die. A high-pressure gas cleaning device can be set at the outlet of the aluminum rod heating furnace, including a high-pressure gas source, nozzles, and a control system, etc. When the aluminum rod is taken out of the heating furnace, it is sent under the cleaning device through a conveying device. The control system starts the high-pressure gas source, and sprays the high-pressure gas on the surface of the aluminum rod through the nozzles to remove the oxide scale and impurities. At the same time, set the angle and spraying pressure of the nozzles to ensure the best cleaning effect.

[0054] In the aluminum rod surface cleaning step, a high-pressure gas and oscillation synergistic method is adopted to achieve efficient cleaning, including the following steps:

[0055] Step a, high-pressure gas spraying, using dry compressed air as the cleaning medium, setting the gas pressure to 0.6 - 0.8 MPa, and spraying the surface of the aluminum profile in all directions through multiple groups of fan-shaped or conical nozzles. The nozzles are arranged along the conveying direction of the aluminum profile, and the spraying angle is adjustable. During the spraying process, the gas flow rate is dynamically adjusted according to the size and surface pollution degree of the aluminum profile. The flow rate of a single nozzle is controlled at 100 - 150 L / min, and the total flow rate does not exceed 1200 L / min;

[0056] Step b, oscillation-assisted cleaning, while spraying high-pressure gas, apply mechanical oscillation to the aluminum profile. Set the oscillation frequency to 50 - 150 Hz and the amplitude to ±2 - 5 mm. The cleaning cycle lasts for 5 - 10 seconds.

[0057] The oscillation system includes an oscillator, a frequency adjustment device, an amplitude adjustment device, etc., and can be equipped with a fastening mechanism for the aluminum profile, such as clamps, clamping cylinders, etc. Dynamically adjust the gas flow rate through a flow control device, and optimize the cleaning effect according to the size and surface pollution degree of the aluminum profile. At the same time, adjust the parameters of the oscillator through the frequency adjustment device and the amplitude adjustment device to ensure the best oscillation-assisted cleaning effect. After the cleaning cycle ends, turn off the high-pressure gas spraying system and the oscillation system, and send the aluminum rod to the next process.

[0058] The above-mentioned dynamic adjustments for heating power, extrusion speed, liquid nitrogen injection volume, etc. are all carried out by using the fuzzy PID control algorithm.

[0059] Before the surface cleaning step of the aluminum rod, surfactant pretreatment can also be carried out. A surfactant spraying area is set between the outlet of the aluminum rod heating furnace and the cleaning device. An atomizing nozzle is used to evenly spray the diluted environmentally friendly surfactant on the surface of the aluminum rod. The spraying amount is adjusted according to the specifications of the aluminum rod to ensure that the spraying amount per square meter of the aluminum rod surface is controlled within 50-100 ml. After spraying, it is left standing for 5-10 seconds to allow the surfactant to fully penetrate and play its role. By utilizing the wetting, emulsifying, dispersing and other characteristics of the surfactant, the adhesion of impurities such as oxide scales and oil stains on the surface of the aluminum rod is pre-reduced, creating favorable conditions for the subsequent cleaning step. Among them, the surfactant can be a non-ionic surfactant such as alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether; a silver ion surfactant such as sodium oleate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, etc. can be used; or a special aluminum material cleaning surfactant such as a highly efficient phosphorus-free surfactant like Texent610A can also be used.

[0060] After the oscillating-assisted cleaning, electromagnetic pulse assistance cleaning can be utilized. A special electrode maintains a small gap (0.5-1 mm) with the surface of the aluminum rod, the pulse frequency is 1-5 times per second, and the pulse voltage is 5-15 kV. By using the instantaneous high-voltage electric field generated by the electromagnetic pulse, the impurities and oxide scales on the surface of the aluminum rod are ionized and broken down, thus falling off. As the last step, the electromagnetic pulse cleaning can perform in-depth treatment on the remaining most stubborn impurities. Its high-energy characteristics ensure that the surface of the aluminum rod reaches an extremely high cleanliness, providing high-quality raw materials for the subsequent extrusion forming process.

[0061] The sequence of surfactant pretreatment → high-pressure gas spraying → mechanical oscillation assistance → electromagnetic pulse cleaning conforms to the logic of "softening - preliminary removal - deep loosening - ultimate removal", and can clean the surface of the aluminum rod efficiently and thoroughly. Each step is closely connected and forms a synergistic effect, ensuring that aluminum rods of different specifications and different pollution degrees can achieve an ideal cleaning effect, while avoiding damage to the surface of the aluminum rod. This sequence optimizes the cleaning process, reduces repeated operations and ineffective cleaning time, and improves production efficiency.

[0062] Although the present invention has been specifically shown and described in conjunction with the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that various changes can be made to the present invention in terms of form and details without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims, and all such changes are within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An isothermal extrusion automation process for aluminum profiles of new energy vehicles, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: First step, preheat the extruder. Preheat the extrusion barrel of the extruder to the first preset temperature range of 445°C to 455°C and maintain this temperature range until the extrusion process starts; Second step, preheat the die. Preheat the extrusion die to the second preset temperature range of 475°C to 485°C and maintain this temperature range until the extrusion process ends; Third step, heat the aluminum rod. Uniformly heat the aluminum rod through a heating furnace to the third preset temperature range of 505°C to 515°C. Subsequently, conduct a secondary heating treatment through a preheating furnace at the outlet of the heating furnace, so that the longitudinal temperature of the aluminum rod decreases in a gradient manner, and the decreasing range is 455°C to 515°C; Step 4, isostatic extrusion. Feed the preheated aluminum bar into the extrusion cylinder and perform isostatic extrusion under the first preset pressure range of 155 ± 15 kg / m 2 at a speed of 3.5 - 4.5 m / min; Fifth step, temperature control. During the extrusion process, monitor and adjust the temperature of the aluminum rod and the extrusion die in real time to ensure that the temperature fluctuation of the aluminum rod during the extrusion process does not exceed ±5°C; Sixth step, auxiliary cooling. At the die outlet, use the method of spraying liquid nitrogen for auxiliary cooling, and detect the temperature in real time through an infrared thermometer to control the outlet temperature within the fourth preset temperature range of 505°C to 515°C; Seventh step, aging treatment. After cooling the extruded aluminum profile to room temperature, conduct aging treatment. The aging treatment temperature is the fifth preset temperature range of 145°C to 165°C, and the aging treatment time is 2.5 to 4.5 hours.

2. The isothermal extrusion automation process for aluminum profiles of new energy vehicles according to claim 1, wherein In the aluminum rod heating step, by controlling the heating power of the preheating furnace, precise control of the longitudinal temperature gradient of the aluminum rod is achieved. The gradient change rate does not exceed 5°C per meter, and the preheating furnace adopts a segmented independent temperature control method, and the temperature of each section can be adjusted independently.

3. The isothermal extrusion automation process for aluminum profiles of new energy vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the constant-speed extrusion step, the extrusion speed is finely adjusted according to the real-time temperature of the aluminum rod. When the temperature of the aluminum rod approaches the upper limit of the third preset temperature range, reduce the extrusion speed; When the temperature of the aluminum rod approaches the lower limit, increase the extrusion speed to maintain the stability of the outlet temperature, and the adjustment range of the extrusion speed does not exceed ±0.5 m / min.

4. The isothermal extrusion automation process for aluminum profiles of new energy vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the temperature control step, if it is detected that the temperature of the aluminum rod or the extrusion die exceeds the preset range, immediately start the emergency cooling or heating system. The emergency cooling system quickly reduces the temperature by spraying compressed air or coolant, and the emergency heating system quickly increases the temperature by means of resistance wire or induction heating. Both are equipped with PID controllers, and the output power is automatically adjusted according to the temperature deviation to ensure that the temperature is restored to within the preset range of ±2°C within 10 seconds.

5. The isothermal extrusion automation process for aluminum profiles of new energy vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that In the auxiliary cooling step, the flow rate and spraying time of the liquid nitrogen spraying are adjusted according to the real-time monitoring data of the infrared thermometer. When the infrared thermometer detects that the outlet temperature is higher than the upper limit of the fourth preset temperature range, increase the liquid nitrogen flow rate to 75%-85% of the maximum flow rate and extend the spraying time to 5 seconds; when it is detected that the temperature is lower than the lower limit, reduce the liquid nitrogen flow rate to 30% of the minimum flow rate and shorten the spraying time to 2 seconds; when within the temperature range, maintain 45%-55% of the maximum flow rate and a spraying time of 2-4 seconds to achieve precise temperature control.

6. The isothermal extrusion automation process of aluminum profiles for new energy vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the aging treatment step, the aging treatment temperature is finely adjusted according to the set basic set value, but always remains within the fifth preset temperature range. During the aging treatment process, the circulating air heating method is adopted to ensure uniform heating of the aluminum profile.

7. The isothermal extrusion automation process for aluminum profiles of new energy vehicles according to claim 6, characterized in that, Control the motor speed of the circulating hot air blower through a frequency converter, and then adjust the air volume and hot air output temperature of the hot air blower to achieve dynamic adjustment of the hot air output power according to the deviation between the real-time temperature and the target temperature in the actual treatment chamber, ensuring the stability and uniformity of the actual treatment temperature. The frequency conversion control range is set to 30% - 100% of the rated speed of the blower.

8. The isothermal extrusion automation process for aluminum profiles of new energy vehicles according to claim 7, characterized in that, Install a deflector or a spiral air duct structure in the chamber for actual treatment, so that the circulating hot air flows in a spiral path in the chamber. The spiral circulation direction is to spiral along the central axis in the length direction of the aluminum profile, ensuring that the hot air can fully contact all surfaces of the aluminum profile and improving the heating efficiency and temperature uniformity.

9. The isothermal extrusion automation process for aluminum profiles of new energy vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that, After the aluminum rod heating step, add a surface cleaning step for the aluminum rod. Remove the oxide scale and impurities on the surface of the aluminum rod through high-pressure gas to ensure good contact between the aluminum rod and the extrusion cylinder and the die.

10. The isothermal extrusion automation process for aluminum profiles of new energy vehicles according to claim 9, wherein, In the surface cleaning step of the aluminum rod, adopt a method of the synergistic action of high-pressure gas and oscillation to achieve efficient cleaning, including the following steps: Step a, high-pressure gas injection: Use dry compressed air as the cleaning medium. Set the gas pressure to 0.6 - 0.8 MPa. Perform omnidirectional injection on the surface of the aluminum profile through multiple groups of fan-shaped or conical nozzles. The nozzles are arranged along the conveying direction of the aluminum profile, and the injection angle is adjustable. During the injection process, the gas flow is dynamically adjusted according to the size and surface pollution degree of the aluminum profile. The flow rate of a single nozzle is controlled at 100 - 150 L / min, and the total flow rate does not exceed 1200 L / min. Step b, oscillation-assisted cleaning: While injecting high-pressure gas, apply mechanical oscillation to the aluminum profile. Set the oscillation frequency to 50 - 150 Hz and the amplitude to ±2 - 5 mm. The cleaning cycle lasts for 5 - 10 seconds.