Vehicle lightning effect small current injection test method, device, equipment and medium

Abstract

The invention discloses a vehicle lightning effect small current injection test method, device, equipment and medium, and relates to the technical field of vehicle test.The method comprises the steps that pulse current with preset waveform parameters is applied to a specified injection point of a test vehicle through a small current pulse generator, and the test vehicle is placed in the center of a conductive plane; a wheel screw of a test vehicle is connected with a grounding wire of the conductive plane through a short-circuit jumper wire to form a low-impedance conductive path; a current monitoring device and an induced voltage monitoring device are used for respectively measuring the injection current and the induced voltage of the test vehicle; analyzing the distribution path and attenuation degree of the lightning current in the test vehicle according to the waveform data of the injection current and the induced voltage; based on the analysis result of the distribution path and the attenuation degree, the anti-interference performance of the test vehicle in the thunder and lightning environment is evaluated; and generating a test report including the injection current, the induced voltage, the distribution path and the anti-interference performance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of vehicle testing, and particularly to a small current injection test method, device, equipment and medium for vehicle lightning effects. Background Technique

[0002] The lightning effect refers to the charge discharge phenomenon between atmospheric charges and the ground or objects, with force effect, thermal effect and electromagnetic effect. With the development of vehicle intelligence and lightweighting, the body structure of modern vehicles gradually adopts non-metallic materials or light alloys, resulting in a significant decline in its shielding performance and the ability to withstand large lightning currents. The high voltage and large current generated during lightning discharge can not only damage the external structure of the vehicle (such as paint and glass), but also cause serious interference or permanent damage to the internal electronic control system and power system of the vehicle, thus affecting the safe operation of the vehicle. Especially in the context of the rapid development of autonomous driving and electrification technologies, the anti-interference ability of vehicles to lightning effects has become one of the important indicators for evaluating their safety performance.

[0003] At present, the test methods for vehicle lightning effects mainly include large current injection test and small current injection test. The large current injection test simulates the real lightning strike environment by applying a high-amplitude lightning current to the vehicle, and can directly evaluate the anti-lightning strike performance of the vehicle under extreme conditions. However, this test method has obvious limitations: firstly, the large current injection test has extremely high requirements for test equipment and test environment, and the test cost is expensive; secondly, due to the large amplitude of the lightning current, irreversible damage to the vehicle structure or electronic equipment may occur during the test process, thus affecting the continuity and accuracy of subsequent tests. In addition, it is difficult to accurately measure the distribution path and attenuation degree of the lightning current inside the vehicle in the large current injection test, which limits its application in vehicle design optimization. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this application is to provide a small current injection test method, device, equipment and medium for vehicle lightning effects.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, this application provides the following solutions:

[0006] In the first aspect, this application provides a small current injection test method for vehicle lightning effects, including:

[0007] Applying a pulsed current with preset waveform parameters to a specified injection point of the test vehicle through a small current pulse generator, the test vehicle is placed at the center position of the conductive plane, and the wheel screws of the test vehicle are connected to the ground wire of the conductive plane through a shorting jumper to form a low-impedance conductive path;

[0008] Measure the injected current and induced voltage of the test vehicle using a current monitoring device and an induced voltage monitoring device respectively;

[0009] Analyze the distribution path and attenuation degree of lightning current in the test vehicle according to the waveform data of the injected current and the induced voltage;

[0010] Evaluate the anti-interference performance of the test vehicle in a lightning environment based on the analysis results of the distribution path and the attenuation degree;

[0011] Generate a test report including the injected current, the induced voltage, the distribution path and the anti-interference performance.

[0012] Optionally, the step of applying a pulsed current with preset waveform parameters to a specified injection point of the test vehicle through a small current pulse generator includes:

[0013] Set the waveform parameter of the small current pulse generator to an impulse current waveform of 10 / 350 μs;

[0014] Adjust the current peak value of the small current pulse generator to a preset range of 500 ± 50 A;

[0015] Real-time monitor the output current waveform of the small current pulse generator through an oscilloscope;

[0016] Adjust the parameters of the small current pulse generator according to the calibration result of the output current waveform.

[0017] Optionally, the step of measuring the injected current and the induced voltage of the test vehicle using a current monitoring device and an induced voltage monitoring device respectively includes:

[0018] Install a current transformer on the current injection path of the test vehicle to capture the injected current;

[0019] Arrange voltage probes on the cables of key electronic devices of the test vehicle to measure the induced voltage;

[0020] Connect the output signals of the current transformer and the voltage probes to a storage oscilloscope;

[0021] Transmit the data of the storage oscilloscope to an external computer in real time through an optical fiber isolation system.

[0022] Optionally, the step of analyzing the distribution path and attenuation degree of lightning current in the test vehicle according to the waveform data of the injected current and the induced voltage includes:

[0023] Extract the wavefront time and wave tail half-peak time parameters of the injected current;

[0024] Calculate the peak attenuation ratio of the induced voltage on the cable of the critical electronic device;

[0025] Draw the path topology diagram of the lightning current from the injection point to the grounding point;

[0026] Determine the main coupling channels of the lightning current based on the path topology diagram;

[0027] Quantify the correlation between the attenuation degree and the structural characteristics of the test vehicle through a preset algorithm.

[0028] Optionally, the step of evaluating the anti-interference performance of the test vehicle under the lightning environment based on the analysis results of the distribution path and the attenuation degree includes:

[0029] Compare the peak value of the induced voltage with the withstand voltage threshold of the critical electronic device;

[0030] Statistically analyze the energy loss ratio of the lightning current on the main coupling channels;

[0031] Calculate the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness level of the test vehicle according to the energy loss ratio;

[0032] Generate an anti-interference performance score based on the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness level;

[0033] Verify whether the anti-interference performance score meets the safety threshold specified by the preset standard.

[0034] Optionally, the step of generating a test report including the injection current, the induced voltage, the distribution path, and the anti-interference performance includes:

[0035] Integrate the waveform data of the injection current, the measurement data of the induced voltage, and the path topology diagram;

[0036] Mark the anti-interference performance score and the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness level in the test report;

[0037] Append the structural parameters of the test vehicle and the configuration parameters of the small current pulse generator;

[0038] Format the test report through a preset template and output it as an electronic document;

[0039] Digitally sign the electronic document to ensure data integrity.

[0040] In a second aspect, the present application provides a small current injection test device for vehicle lightning effects, including:

[0041] A test module for applying a pulsed current with preset waveform parameters to a specified injection point of a test vehicle through a small current pulse generator. The test vehicle is placed at the center of a conductive plane, and the wheel screws of the test vehicle are connected to the ground wire of the conductive plane through shorting jumpers to form a low-impedance conductive path.

[0042] Use a current monitoring device and an induced voltage monitoring device to measure the injection current and the induced voltage of the test vehicle respectively.

[0043] An analysis module for analyzing the distribution path and attenuation degree of lightning current in the test vehicle based on the waveform data of the injection current and the induced voltage.

[0044] Based on the analysis results of the distribution path and the attenuation degree, evaluate the anti-interference performance of the test vehicle in a lightning environment.

[0045] Generate a test report including the injection current, the induced voltage, the distribution path and the anti-interference performance.

[0046] Optionally, the test module is further configured to:

[0047] Set the waveform parameter of the small current pulse generator to a 10 / 350 μs impulse current waveform.

[0048] Adjust the current peak value of the small current pulse generator to a preset range of 500 ± 50 A.

[0049] Real-time monitor the output current waveform of the small current pulse generator through an oscilloscope.

[0050] Adjust the parameters of the small current pulse generator according to the calibration result of the output current waveform.

[0051] Optionally, the test module is further configured to:

[0052] Install a current transformer on the current injection path of the test vehicle to capture the injection current.

[0053] Arrange voltage probes on the cables of key electronic devices of the test vehicle to measure the induced voltage.

[0054] Connect the output signals of the current transformer and the voltage probes to a storage oscilloscope.

[0055] Transmit the data of the storage oscilloscope to an external computer in real time through an optical fiber isolation system.

[0056] Optionally, the test module is further configured to:

[0057] Extract the wavefront time and the tail half-peak time parameters of the injected current;

[0058] Calculate the peak attenuation ratio of the induced voltage on the cable of the critical electronic device;

[0059] Draw the path topology diagram of the lightning current from the injection point to the grounding point;

[0060] Determine the main coupling channels of the lightning current based on the path topology diagram;

[0061] Quantify the correlation between the attenuation degree and the structural characteristics of the test vehicle through a preset algorithm.

[0062] Optionally, the analysis module is further configured to:

[0063] Compare the peak value of the induced voltage with the withstand voltage threshold of the critical electronic device;

[0064] Statistically analyze the energy loss ratio of the lightning current on the main coupling channels;

[0065] Calculate the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness level of the test vehicle according to the energy loss ratio;

[0066] Generate an anti-interference performance score based on the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness level;

[0067] Verify whether the anti-interference performance score meets the safety threshold specified by the preset standard.

[0068] Optionally, the analysis module is further configured to:

[0069] Integrate the waveform data of the injected current, the measurement data of the induced voltage, and the path topology diagram;

[0070] Mark the anti-interference performance score and the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness level in the test report;

[0071] Append the structural parameters of the test vehicle and the configuration parameters of the small current pulse generator;

[0072] Format the test report through a preset template and output it as an electronic document;

[0073] Digitally sign the electronic document to ensure data integrity.

[0074] In a third aspect, the present application provides a computer device, including: a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, where the processor executes the computer program to implement the steps of the vehicle lightning effect small current injection test method described in any one of the above.

[0075] Fourthly, the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the vehicle lightning effect small current injection test method described in any one of the above are realized.

[0076] Fifthly, the present application provides a computer program product, including a computer program. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the vehicle lightning effect small current injection test method described in any one of the above are realized.

[0077] According to the specific embodiments provided by the present application, the following technical effects are disclosed:

[0078] The present application provides a vehicle lightning effect small current injection test method, device, equipment and medium. A pulsed current with preset waveform parameters is applied to a test vehicle through a small current pulse generator, and the injected current and induced voltage are measured in combination with a current monitoring device and an induced voltage monitoring device. The system can analyze the distribution path and attenuation degree of lightning current inside the vehicle, and then evaluate the anti-interference performance of the vehicle in a lightning environment. Finally, a report containing test data is generated, which can more realistically simulate the lightning environment, evaluate the lightning resistance performance of the vehicle, improve the test efficiency and cost-effectiveness, and provide data support for formulating and improving relevant standards. Description of the Drawings

[0079] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0080] Figure 1 It is a schematic flowchart of a vehicle lightning effect small current injection test method provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0081] Figure 2 It is a schematic top view of the layout of a vehicle lightning effect small current injection test method provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0082] Figure 3 It is a schematic side view of the layout of a vehicle lightning effect small current injection test method provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0083] Figure 4 It is a test pulse waveform diagram of a vehicle lightning effect small current injection test method provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0084] Figure 5Schematic diagram of the measurement circuit principle of a small current injection test method for vehicle lightning effects provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0085] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the functional modules of a small current injection test device for vehicle lightning effects provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0086] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the structure of a computer device provided by an embodiment of the present application. Detailed implementation manners

[0087] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.

[0088] As Figure 1 shown, some embodiments of the present application provide a small current injection test method for vehicle lightning effects. In the embodiments of the present application, it includes:

[0089] Step 101: Apply a pulsed current with preset waveform parameters to a specified injection point of the test vehicle through a small current pulse generator. The test vehicle is placed at the center position of the conductive plane, and the wheel screws of the test vehicle are connected to the ground wire of the conductive plane through a shorting jumper to form a low-impedance conductive path.

[0090] In the embodiments of the present application, the small current pulse generator is a device that can generate small current pulses with specific waveforms and amplitudes, and is used to simulate the current injection in lightning effects. The test vehicle refers to a vehicle used for testing, usually a common household car or a convertible car. The center position of the conductive plane means that the center of the conductive plane is a flat conductive surface, and the test vehicle is placed at its center position to ensure the uniformity of current distribution. The shorting jumper is a wire used to connect the wheel screw and the conductive plane, and is used to form a low-impedance current path to prevent tire bursting. The low-impedance conductive path refers to a path through which current can pass with a low resistance, ensuring that the current can flow smoothly from the vehicle to the ground.

[0091] The system applies a pulsed current with preset waveform parameters to a specified injection point of the test vehicle through a small current pulse generator. The test vehicle is placed at the center position of the conductive plane to ensure the uniformity of current distribution. The wheel screws are connected to the ground wire of the conductive plane through a shorting jumper to form a low-impedance conductive path. This connection method simulates the actual path of lightning current flowing through the vehicle to the ground, ensuring that the current can be conducted smoothly and preventing the tire from bursting due to excessive current.

[0092] Step 102: Measure the injected current and the induced voltage of the test vehicle using a current monitoring device and an induced voltage monitoring device respectively.

[0093] In the embodiment of the present application, the current monitoring device is a device for measuring the injected current, usually including a current transformer or a shunt. The induced voltage monitoring device is a device for measuring the induced voltage, usually including a voltage probe and an oscilloscope. The injected current refers to the current applied to the test vehicle by a small current pulse generator. The induced voltage refers to the voltage generated inside the test vehicle due to current injection.

[0094] The system uses a current monitoring device (such as a current transformer or a shunt) to measure the current injected into the test vehicle. At the same time, the system uses an induced voltage monitoring device (such as a voltage probe and an oscilloscope) to measure the induced voltage inside the test vehicle. These devices are connected to an oscilloscope to monitor and record the waveform data of the current and voltage in real time, providing basic data for subsequent analysis.

[0095] Step 103: Analyze the distribution path and attenuation degree of the lightning current in the test vehicle according to the waveform data of the injected current and the induced voltage.

[0096] In the embodiment of the present application, the waveform data refers to the graphic data of the current and voltage changing with time recorded by an oscilloscope. The distribution path refers to the conduction path of the lightning current inside the test vehicle. The attenuation degree refers to the degree of energy loss of the current due to factors such as resistance and inductance during the conduction process.

[0097] The system analyzes the distribution path and attenuation degree of the lightning current in the test vehicle according to the waveform data of the injected current and the induced voltage. By analyzing the waveforms of the current and voltage, the system can determine the conduction path of the current inside the vehicle and evaluate the attenuation of the current during the conduction process. This step helps the system understand the conduction characteristics of the lightning current inside the vehicle and provides a basis for subsequent anti-interference performance evaluation.

[0098] Step 104: Evaluate the anti-interference performance of the test vehicle in a lightning environment based on the analysis results of the distribution path and the attenuation degree.

[0099] In the embodiment of the present application, the anti-interference performance refers to the ability of the test vehicle's electronic devices and systems to resist the interference of lightning current in a lightning environment. The lightning environment refers to a test environment that simulates the impact of lightning current on the vehicle.

[0100] Based on the analysis results of the distribution path and attenuation degree of lightning current inside the test vehicle, the system evaluates the anti-interference performance of the test vehicle in a lightning environment. By analyzing the conduction path and attenuation of the current, the system can determine whether the electronic devices and systems inside the vehicle can effectively resist the interference of lightning current and ensure the safe operation of the vehicle in a lightning environment.

[0101] Step 105, generate a test report including the injected current, the induced voltage, the distribution path, and the anti-interference performance.

[0102] In the embodiment of the present application, a test report refers to a document recording the test process, test data, and test results, and usually includes information such as the injected current, induced voltage, distribution path, and anti-interference performance. The system generates a test report including the injected current, induced voltage, distribution path, and anti-interference performance. The test report details all the data and analysis results during the test process, providing a complete basis for the evaluation of the vehicle's lightning resistance performance. The test report can be used for subsequent vehicle design improvement and the formulation of relevant standards.

[0103] Specifically, the small current injection test layout for vehicle lightning effects is as Figure 2 shown. During the test, the vehicle is placed at the center of the conductive plane. At the same time, in order to reduce the influence of edge effects, the distance between the edge of the conductive plane and the vehicle should be more than 15 cm. There are no special requirements for the material and thickness of the conductive plane.

[0104] The test method of the small current injection test is similar to that of the large current test. Different from the large current test, a small current pulse generator is selected, which is convenient for measuring the induced current and induced voltage of components multiple times and causes less damage to the vehicle body. The layout of the small current injection test is shown in Figure 3 , and the small current injection test device includes: a current pulse generator 1; a small current pulse application wire 2; a ground return wire 3; a voltage / current monitoring device 4; a vehicle 5; a reference ground plane 6; a ground wire 7.

[0105] For ordinary household cars, the current injection point is the surface of the roof, that is, the center of the vehicle. For convertible cars, the current injection point is the intersection of the upper panel surface of the windshield and the central plane of the vehicle. The high-voltage output wire of the small current pulse generator is fixed to the roof surface by screws. In order to reduce the inductance of the entire test circuit, the high-voltage output wire is usually a copper braid or a large-diameter wire. In addition, the paint layer on the roof surface at the current injection position will affect the injection of the test current, so the paint layer on the surface needs to be polished off during the test.

[0106] The current outflow point is the wheel screw, and the wheel is connected to the conductive plane through a short connecting jumper. Although the rubber part of the wheel is not conductive, in an actual lightning strike on the vehicle, the lightning arc will flash through the screw along the surface of the tire rubber part to the ground, or break through the tire rubber part, enter the tire, and finally flow to the ground. Therefore, if a large current passes without a shorting jumper, the tire may burst. The shorting jumper is used to protect the tire from bursting, and to provide a low-impedance conductive path at the current outflow location while simulating the lightning current distribution as realistically as possible.

[0107] For four-wheel vehicles, the connection position of the short jumper is the four wheels of the vehicle. According to the grounding conditions of the four wheels, there are five types: four wheels grounded at the same time and each wheel grounded separately (four positions).

[0108] During the test, a cable with large current carrying capacity needs to be used to connect the conductive plane and the wheel hub. At the same time, due to the rapid change rate of lightning current and relatively high amplitude, a large electric force will be generated during the conduction process. Therefore, all connection positions need to be connected with screws to prevent the connecting cables from falling off.

[0109] The test equipment requirements include but are not limited to: the small current pulse generator should generate a specified level of 10 / 350μs current; the induced current and induced voltage monitoring equipment include current transformers (or shunts), voltage probes and storable oscilloscopes. The current transformer (or shunt) is used to monitor the induced current. The voltage probe is used to monitor the induced voltage. The storable oscilloscope is used to monitor the current waveform and voltage waveform, and the bandwidth should be at least 50MHz, and the sampling rate should be at least 2GS / s (single-channel sampling mode).

[0110] The test pulse waveform can be referred to Figure 4 , the parameters can be seen in the following Table 1:

[0111] Waveform parameter name Waveform parameter value Front time T1 of the impulse current (10 ± 2) μs Half-peak time T2 of the impulse current wave tail (350 ± 70) μs Current peak value (reference) (500±50)A Polarity Positive polarity and negative polarity Number of times Not less than 5 times Repetition rate Once per minute

[0112] Table 1

[0113] In the small current injection test, current that will not damage the vehicle or its internal equipment can be injected multiple times from the lightning current injection point, and the current path and the induced current and voltage can be estimated. The external paint layer of the selected lightning current injection point is polished off for electrical connection.

[0114] The recommended injection current peak value for the low current injection test is several hundred amperes to several thousand amperes. This value should be determined by negotiation between the manufacturer and the testing agency. Figure 5As shown in the figure, where A represents the measurement probe 1; B represents the measurement probe 2; C represents the measurement probe 3; D represents the measurement probe 4; E represents the coaxial cable; F represents the oscilloscope; G represents the network cable; H represents the optical - electrical converter; I represents the optical fiber; J represents the optical - electrical converter; K represents the computer.

[0115] In the embodiment of the present application, a small - current pulse generator is used to apply a pulse current with preset waveform parameters to the test vehicle, and combined with a current monitoring device and an induced voltage monitoring device to measure the injected current and the induced voltage. The system can analyze the distribution path and attenuation degree of the lightning current inside the vehicle, and then evaluate the anti - interference performance of the vehicle in a lightning environment. Finally, a report containing test data is generated, which can more realistically simulate the lightning environment, evaluate the lightning - resistant performance of the vehicle, improve the test efficiency and cost - effectiveness, and provide data support for formulating and improving relevant standards.

[0116] Optionally, step 101 includes:

[0117] Step 1011, set the waveform parameter of the small - current pulse generator to an impulse current waveform of 10 / 350 μs.

[0118] In the embodiment of the present application, the small - current pulse generator is a device that can generate small - current pulses with specific waveforms and amplitudes, and is used to simulate current injection in lightning effects. The waveform parameter refers to the characteristic parameters of the current waveform, including the front - time and the tail - time, etc. The impulse current waveform of 10 / 350 μs is a specific current waveform, with a front - time of 10 microseconds and a tail - time of 350 microseconds, and is often used to simulate the characteristics of lightning current.

[0119] The system sets the waveform parameter of the small - current pulse generator to an impulse current waveform of 10 / 350 μs. This waveform parameter is the standard waveform for simulating lightning current, with a front - time of 10 microseconds and a tail - time of 350 microseconds. By setting this waveform parameter, the system can generate a pulse current that conforms to the characteristics of lightning current, ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the test.

[0120] Step 1012, adjust the current peak value of the small - current pulse generator to a preset range of 500 ± 50 A.

[0121] In the implementation of the present application, the current peak value refers to the maximum current value in the current waveform, and is usually used to describe the intensity of the pulse current. The preset range of 500 ± 50 A means the allowable range of the current peak value, which is between 450 A and 550 A.

[0122] The system adjusts the current peak value of the small current pulse generator to the preset range of 500±50A. This current peak value range is a typical value for simulating lightning current, ensuring that the intensity of the test current can effectively simulate the lightning effect without damaging the test vehicle. The system ensures the accuracy and consistency of the test by precisely adjusting the current peak value.

[0123] Step 1013, use an oscilloscope to monitor the output current waveform of the small current pulse generator in real time.

[0124] In the embodiment of the present application, an oscilloscope is an instrument used to display and measure the waveform of an electrical signal, capable of monitoring the changes in current and voltage in real time. The output current waveform refers to the graph of the current output by the small current pulse generator changing with time.

[0125] The system uses an oscilloscope to monitor the output current waveform of the small current pulse generator in real time. The oscilloscope can display the shape, amplitude, and time parameters of the current waveform in real time, ensuring that the output current waveform conforms to the preset waveform parameters of 10 / 350μs and the current peak value range of 500±50A. Through real-time monitoring, the system can detect waveform deviations in a timely manner and make adjustments.

[0126] Step 1014, adjust the parameters of the small current pulse generator according to the calibration result of the output current waveform.

[0127] In the embodiment of the present application, the calibration result refers to the difference between the output current waveform monitored by the oscilloscope and the preset waveform parameters. Parameter adjustment refers to fine-tuning the waveform parameters or current peak value of the small current pulse generator according to the calibration result to ensure that the output waveform meets the requirements.

[0128] The system adjusts the parameters of the small current pulse generator according to the calibration result of the output current waveform monitored by the oscilloscope. If there is a deviation between the output waveform and the preset waveform parameters of 10 / 350μs or the current peak value range of 500±50A, the system will automatically or manually adjust the settings of the small current pulse generator to ensure that the output waveform meets the test requirements. This step ensures the accuracy and reliability of the test.

[0129] In the embodiment of the present application, by setting the waveform parameters of the small current pulse generator to the impulse current waveform of 10 / 350μs, adjusting the current peak value to the preset range of 500±50A, and monitoring and calibrating the output current waveform in real time with an oscilloscope, the system can generate a pulse current that conforms to the characteristics of lightning current, ensuring the accuracy and consistency of the test.

[0130] Optionally, step 102 includes:

[0131] Step 1021, install a current transformer on the current injection path of the test vehicle to capture the injected current.

[0132] In the embodiments of the present application, the current injection path refers to the path through which current flows from the injection point (such as the vehicle roof) to the grounding point, and generally includes the metal structure and cables of the vehicle. A current transformer is a device used to measure current, which can convert a large current into a small current signal for easy measurement and recording. The injected current refers to the current applied to the test vehicle by a small current pulse generator.

[0133] The system installs a current transformer on the current injection path of the test vehicle to capture the injected current. The current transformer converts the large current into a small current signal by sensing the magnetic field change on the current path, facilitating subsequent measurement and recording. The installation position is usually selected at the key nodes of the current path to ensure that the intensity and waveform of the current can be accurately captured.

[0134] Step 1022: Arrange voltage probes on the cables of the key electronic devices of the test vehicle to measure the induced voltage.

[0135] In the implementation of the present application, the cables of key electronic devices refer to the cables connected to key devices such as the electronic control system and power system in the test vehicle. A voltage probe is a device used to measure voltage, which can convert a high voltage signal into a low voltage signal for easy measurement and recording. The induced voltage refers to the voltage generated inside the test vehicle due to current injection.

[0136] The system arranges voltage probes on the cables of the key electronic devices of the test vehicle to measure the induced voltage. The voltage probe measures the voltage change on the cable by contacting the conductor of the cable and converts the high voltage signal into a low voltage signal for subsequent measurement and recording. The arrangement position is usually selected at the input or output end of the key device to ensure that the voltage change can be accurately captured.

[0137] Step 1023: Connect the output signals of the current transformer and the voltage probe to a storage oscilloscope.

[0138] In the embodiments of the present application, the system connects the output signals of the current transformer and the voltage probe to a storage oscilloscope. The storage oscilloscope can display the waveforms of current and voltage in real time and record these waveform data. By connecting the output signals of the current transformer and the voltage probe, the oscilloscope can simultaneously monitor the waveforms of the injected current and the induced voltage to ensure the synchronism and accuracy of the data.

[0139] Step 1024: Transmit the data of the storage oscilloscope to an external computer in real time through an optical fiber isolation system.

[0140] In the embodiments of the present application, the system transmits the data of the storage oscilloscope to an external computer in real time through an optical fiber isolation system. The optical fiber isolation system transmits the current and voltage waveform data recorded by the oscilloscope to the external computer through an optical fiber, ensuring that the data transmission process is not affected by electromagnetic interference. After receiving the data, the external computer can perform further analysis and processing to generate a test report or store the data.

[0141] In the embodiments of the present application, a current transformer is installed on the current injection path of the test vehicle to capture the injected current, voltage probes are arranged on the cables of key electronic devices to measure the induced voltage, and these signals are connected to a storage oscilloscope. The system can monitor and record the waveform data of the current and voltage in real time. The data is transmitted to the external computer through the optical fiber isolation system to ensure the accuracy and anti-interference of the data.

[0142] Optionally, step 103 includes:

[0143] Step 1031, extracting the wavefront time and the wave tail half-peak time parameters of the injected current.

[0144] In the embodiments of the present application, the injected current refers to the current applied to the test vehicle through a small current pulse generator. The wavefront time refers to the time required for the current waveform to rise from zero to the peak value, which is usually used to describe the rising speed of the current waveform. The wave tail half-peak time refers to the time required for the current waveform to drop from the peak value to half of the peak value, which is usually used to describe the dropping speed of the current waveform.

[0145] The system extracts the wavefront time and the wave tail half-peak time parameters from the waveform data of the injected current. The wavefront time represents the time for the current to rise from zero to the peak value, and the wave tail half-peak time represents the time for the current to drop from the peak value to half. These parameters are used to describe the characteristics of the current waveform and help the system analyze the conduction characteristics of the lightning current. By extracting these parameters, the system can quantify the rising and dropping speeds of the current waveform and provide basic data for subsequent path analysis and attenuation calculation.

[0146] Step 1032, calculating the peak attenuation ratio of the induced voltage on the cables of the key electronic devices.

[0147] In the embodiments of the present application, the induced voltage refers to the voltage generated inside the test vehicle due to current injection. The cables of key electronic devices refer to the cables connected to key devices such as the electronic control system and the power system in the test vehicle. The peak attenuation ratio refers to the ratio of the peak voltage of the induced voltage from the injection point to the peak voltage on the cables of the key electronic devices to the initial peak voltage, which is used to describe the attenuation degree of the voltage during the conduction process.

[0148] The system calculates the peak attenuation ratio of the induced voltage on the cables of critical electronic devices. By comparing the peak voltages of the induced voltage at the injection point and on the cables of critical electronic devices, the system can calculate the attenuation ratio of the voltage during the conduction process. This ratio reflects the conduction loss of the voltage inside the vehicle and helps the system evaluate the impact of lightning current on critical electronic devices. Calculating the peak attenuation ratio helps quantify the degree of voltage attenuation and provides a basis for subsequent anti-interference performance evaluation.

[0149] Step 1033, draw the path topology diagram of the lightning current from the injection point to the grounding point.

[0150] In the embodiment of the present application, the lightning current refers to the current conducted through the test vehicle in the simulated lightning effect. The injection point refers to the position where the current is injected into the test vehicle, usually the roof or the upper panel of the windshield. The grounding point refers to the position where the current flows from the test vehicle to the ground, usually the wheel screw. The path topology diagram refers to the graphical representation that describes the conduction path of the current from the injection point to the grounding point, usually including the nodes and connection relationships of the current path.

[0151] The system draws the path topology diagram of the lightning current from the injection point to the grounding point. By analyzing the conduction path of the current inside the test vehicle, the system can determine the specific path of the current flowing from the injection point to the grounding point. The path topology diagram shows the conduction nodes and connection relationships of the current inside the vehicle, helping the system visualize the current distribution. Drawing the path topology diagram helps the system understand the conduction characteristics of the current inside the vehicle and provides a basis for subsequent coupled channel analysis.

[0152] Step 1034, determine the main coupled channels of the lightning current based on the path topology diagram.

[0153] In the embodiment of the present application, the main coupled channel refers to the main path of the lightning current conduction inside the test vehicle, usually the part where the current conduction is the most concentrated. The path topology diagram refers to the graphical representation that describes the conduction path of the current from the injection point to the grounding point.

[0154] The system determines the main coupled channels of the lightning current based on the path topology diagram. By analyzing the current conduction path in the path topology diagram, the system can identify the part where the current conduction is the most concentrated, that is, the main coupled channels. These channels are usually the key metal structures or cables inside the vehicle, and the current conducts to the grounding point through these channels. Determining the main coupled channels helps the system evaluate the impact of lightning current on the electronic devices inside the vehicle and provides a basis for subsequent anti-interference performance evaluation.

[0155] Step 1035, quantify the relevance between the attenuation degree and the structural characteristics of the test vehicle through a preset algorithm.

[0156] In the embodiments of the present application, the attenuation degree refers to the degree of energy loss of current or voltage during the conduction process, usually expressed by the attenuation ratio. The structural characteristics of the test vehicle refer to the physical structural characteristics of the test vehicle, including body materials, cable layouts, grounding methods, etc. The preset algorithm refers to a mathematical model or calculation method used to quantify the relationship between the attenuation degree and the vehicle structural characteristics.

[0157] The system quantifies the correlation between the attenuation degree and the structural characteristics of the test vehicle through a preset algorithm. By analyzing the attenuation degree of current and voltage and combining the structural characteristics of the test vehicle (such as body materials, cable layouts, grounding methods, etc.), the system can calculate the quantitative relationship between the attenuation degree and the vehicle structural characteristics. This step helps the system understand the impact of the vehicle structure on the conduction of lightning current and provides data support for optimizing vehicle design.

[0158] In the embodiments of the present application, by extracting the wavefront time and tail half-peak time parameters of the injected current, calculating the peak attenuation ratio of the induced voltage, drawing the path topology diagram of the lightning current, determining the main coupling channels, and quantifying the correlation between the attenuation degree and the vehicle structural characteristics through a preset algorithm, the system can comprehensively analyze the conduction characteristics of the lightning current inside the test vehicle.

[0159] Optionally, step 104 includes:

[0160] Step 1041: Compare the peak value of the induced voltage with the withstand voltage threshold of the key electronic device.

[0161] In the embodiments of the present application, the peak value of the induced voltage refers to the maximum value of the voltage generated inside the test vehicle due to current injection. The key electronic device refers to the device related to key functions such as the electronic control system and power system in the test vehicle. The withstand voltage threshold refers to the maximum voltage value that the key electronic device can withstand, and exceeding this value may cause device damage or function failure.

[0162] The system compares the peak value of the induced voltage with the withstand voltage threshold of the key electronic device. By comparing the peak value of the induced voltage with the withstand voltage threshold of the device, the system can determine whether the key electronic device can withstand the voltage generated by the lightning current. If the peak value of the induced voltage exceeds the withstand voltage threshold, the system will mark this device as a potential high-risk point and prompt the need for further optimization of the design or addition of protection measures.

[0163] Step 1042: Statistically calculate the energy loss ratio of the lightning current on the main coupling channel.

[0164] In the embodiments of the present application, the system statistically analyzes the energy loss ratio of lightning current on the main coupling channels. By analyzing the conduction characteristics of the current on the main coupling channels, the system can calculate the energy loss ratio during the conduction process of the current. This ratio reflects the conduction efficiency of the current inside the vehicle and helps the system evaluate the impact of lightning current on the internal structure of the vehicle. Statistically analyzing the energy loss ratio provides basic data for subsequent electromagnetic shielding effectiveness calculations.

[0165] Step 1043, calculate the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness level of the test vehicle according to the energy loss ratio.

[0166] In the embodiments of the present application, the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness level refers to the shielding ability of the test vehicle against electromagnetic interference in a lightning environment, usually represented by a level. The higher the level, the better the shielding effect. The energy loss ratio refers to the proportion of the energy loss caused by factors such as resistance and inductance during the conduction process of the current to the total energy.

[0167] The system calculates the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness level of the test vehicle according to the energy loss ratio. By analyzing the energy loss ratio of the current on the main coupling channels, the system can quantify the shielding effect of the vehicle against lightning current. The electromagnetic shielding effectiveness level reflects the resistance ability of the vehicle against electromagnetic interference in a lightning environment. The higher the level, the better the shielding effect of the vehicle. Calculating the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness level provides a basis for subsequent anti-interference performance scoring.

[0168] Step 1044, generate an anti-interference performance score based on the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness level.

[0169] In the embodiments of the present application, the system generates an anti-interference performance score based on the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness level. By converting the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness level into a specific score value, the system can quantify the anti-interference ability of the test vehicle in a lightning environment. The anti-interference performance score reflects the resistance ability of the vehicle against electromagnetic interference in a lightning environment. The higher the score, the better the anti-interference performance of the vehicle. Generating the anti-interference performance score provides data support for subsequent verification steps.

[0170] Step 1045, verify whether the anti-interference performance score meets the safety threshold specified by the preset standard.

[0171] In the embodiments of the present application, the safety threshold specified by the preset standard refers to the minimum requirement for anti-interference performance set according to relevant standards or specifications. Vehicles with scores lower than this threshold are considered not to meet the safety standards. The anti-interference performance score refers to the quantified score of the anti-interference ability of the test vehicle in a lightning environment.

[0172] The system verifies whether the anti-interference performance score meets the safety threshold specified by the preset standard. By comparing the anti-interference performance score with the preset safety threshold, the system can determine whether the test vehicle meets the anti-interference requirements in the lightning environment. If the anti-interference performance score is lower than the safety threshold, the system will prompt that the vehicle design needs further optimization. Verifying the anti-interference performance score ensures the safety of the vehicle in the lightning environment.

[0173] In the embodiment of the present application, by comparing the peak value of the induced voltage with the withstand voltage threshold of the key electronic devices, statistically calculating the energy loss ratio of the lightning current on the main coupling channels, calculating the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness level, generating the anti-interference performance score, and verifying whether the score meets the safety threshold specified by the preset standard, the system can comprehensively evaluate the anti-interference performance of the test vehicle in the lightning environment.

[0174] Optionally, step 105 includes:

[0175] Step 1051, integrating the waveform data of the injected current, the measurement data of the induced voltage, and the path topology diagram.

[0176] In the embodiment of the present application, the system integrates the waveform data of the injected current, the measurement data of the induced voltage, and the path topology diagram. By integrating the current waveform data, voltage measurement data, and path topology diagram, the system can comprehensively display the conduction characteristics of the lightning current inside the test vehicle. These data provide detailed test results and analysis basis for the test report, ensuring the integrity and accuracy of the report.

[0177] Step 1052, marking the anti-interference performance score and the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness level in the test report.

[0178] In the embodiment of the present application, the system marks the anti-interference performance score and the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness level in the test report. By marking the score and level in the report, the system can intuitively display the anti-interference performance and shielding effect of the test vehicle in the lightning environment. These markings provide key performance evaluation indicators for the test report, helping users quickly understand the lightning strike resistance of the vehicle.

[0179] Step 1053, attaching the structural parameters of the test vehicle and the configuration parameters of the small current pulse generator.

[0180] In the embodiment of the present application, the system attaches the structural parameters of the test vehicle and the configuration parameters of the small current pulse generator to the test report. By attaching these parameters, the system can provide detailed background information of the test, ensuring the repeatability and verifiability of the test results. The structural parameters and configuration parameters provide a complete description of the test environment for the test report, helping users understand the test conditions.

[0181] Step 1054, format the test report through a preset template and output it as an electronic document.

[0182] In the embodiment of the present application, the system formats the test report through a preset template and outputs it as an electronic document. By using the preset template, the system can ensure that the structure and format of the test report meet the standard requirements, facilitating reading and analysis. The formatted test report is output in the form of an electronic document, which is convenient for storage, transmission, and sharing.

[0183] Step 1055, perform a digital signature on the electronic document to ensure data integrity.

[0184] In the embodiment of the present application, the system performs a digital signature on the electronic document to ensure data integrity. By using digital signature technology, the system can generate a unique signature and attach it to the electronic document to ensure that the document has not been tampered with during transmission and storage. The digital signature provides security for the test report, ensuring the authenticity and reliability of the test results.

[0185] In the embodiment of the present application, by integrating the waveform data of the injected current, the measured data of the induced voltage, and the path topology map, marking the anti-interference performance score and the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness level, attaching the structural parameters of the test vehicle and the configuration parameters of the small current pulse generator, formatting the test report and outputting it as an electronic document, and performing a digital signature on the electronic document, the system can generate a complete, accurate, and secure test report.

[0186] Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiment of the present application also provides a vehicle lightning effect small current injection test device for implementing the vehicle lightning effect small current injection test method involved above. The implementation solution provided by this device to solve the problem is similar to the implementation solution described in the above method. Therefore, the specific limitations in one or more embodiments of the vehicle lightning effect small current injection test device provided below can refer to the limitations on the vehicle lightning effect small current injection test method in the above text, and will not be repeated here.

[0187] In an exemplary embodiment, as Figure 6 shown, a vehicle lightning effect small current injection test device 20 is provided, including:

[0188] A test module 201, configured to apply a pulse current with preset waveform parameters to a specified injection point of a test vehicle through a small current pulse generator. The test vehicle is placed at the center position of the conductive plane, and the wheel screws of the test vehicle are connected to the ground wire of the conductive plane through a shorting jumper to form a low-impedance conductive path;

[0189] Use a current monitoring device and an induced voltage monitoring device to measure the injected current and the induced voltage of the test vehicle respectively;

[0190] An analysis module 202, configured to analyze the distribution path and attenuation degree of lightning current in the test vehicle according to the waveform data of the injected current and the induced voltage;

[0191] Based on the analysis results of the distribution path and the attenuation degree, evaluate the anti-interference performance of the test vehicle in a lightning environment;

[0192] Generate a test report including the injected current, the induced voltage, the distribution path, and the anti-interference performance.

[0193] Optionally, the test module 201 is further configured to:

[0194] Set the waveform parameter of the small current pulse generator to an impulse current waveform of 10 / 350 μs;

[0195] Adjust the current peak value of the small current pulse generator to a preset range of 500 ± 50 A;

[0196] Real-time monitor the output current waveform of the small current pulse generator through an oscilloscope;

[0197] Adjust the parameters of the small current pulse generator according to the calibration result of the output current waveform.

[0198] Optionally, the test module 201 is further configured to:

[0199] Install a current transformer on the current injection path of the test vehicle to capture the injected current;

[0200] Arrange voltage probes on the cables of key electronic devices of the test vehicle to measure the induced voltage;

[0201] Connect the output signals of the current transformer and the voltage probes to a storage oscilloscope;

[0202] Real-time transmit the data of the storage oscilloscope to an external computer through an optical fiber isolation system.

[0203] Optionally, the test module 201 is further configured to:

[0204] Extract the wavefront time and wave tail half-peak time parameters of the injected current;

[0205] Calculate the peak attenuation ratio of the induced voltage on the cables of key electronic devices;

[0206] Draw a path topology diagram of the lightning current from the injection point to the grounding point;

[0207] Determine the main coupling channels of the lightning current based on the path topology diagram;

[0208] Quantify the correlation between the attenuation degree and the structural characteristics of the test vehicle through a preset algorithm.

[0209] Optionally, the analysis module 202 is further configured to:

[0210] Compare the peak value of the induced voltage with the withstand voltage threshold of the key electronic device;

[0211] Statistically analyze the energy loss ratio of the lightning current on the main coupling channel;

[0212] Calculate the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness level of the test vehicle according to the energy loss ratio;

[0213] Generate an anti-interference performance score based on the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness level;

[0214] Verify whether the anti-interference performance score meets the safety threshold specified by the preset standard.

[0215] Optionally, the analysis module 202 is further configured to:

[0216] Integrate the waveform data of the injected current, the measurement data of the induced voltage, and the path topology diagram;

[0217] Mark the anti-interference performance score and the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness level in the test report;

[0218] Append the structural parameters of the test vehicle and the configuration parameters of the small current pulse generator;

[0219] Format the test report through a preset template and output it as an electronic document;

[0220] Perform a digital signature on the electronic document to ensure data integrity.

[0221] In an exemplary embodiment of the present application, a small current pulse generator is used to apply a pulse current with preset waveform parameters to a test vehicle, and a current monitoring device and an induced voltage monitoring device are combined to measure the injected current and the induced voltage. The system can analyze the distribution path and attenuation degree of the lightning current inside the vehicle, and then evaluate the anti-interference performance of the vehicle in a lightning environment. Finally, a report containing test data is generated, which can more realistically simulate the lightning environment, evaluate the lightning resistance performance of the vehicle, improve the test efficiency and cost-effectiveness, and provide data support for formulating and improving relevant standards.

[0222] In an exemplary embodiment, a computer device is provided. The computer device can be a server or a terminal, and its internal structure diagram can be as Figure 7As shown in the figure. The computer device includes a processor, a memory, an input / output interface (Input / Output, abbreviated as I / O), and a communication interface. Among them, the processor, the memory, and the input / output interface are connected through a system bus, and the communication interface is connected to the system bus through the input / output interface. Among them, the processor of the computer device is used to provide computing and control capabilities. The memory of the computer device includes a non-volatile storage medium and an internal memory. The non-volatile storage medium stores an operating system, a computer program, and a database. The internal memory provides an environment for the operation of the operating system and the computer program in the non-volatile storage medium. The database of the computer device is used to store vehicle lightning effect small current injection test data. The input / output interface of the computer device is used to exchange information between the processor and external devices. The communication interface of the computer device is used to communicate with an external terminal through a network connection. When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements a vehicle lightning effect small current injection test method.

[0223] Those skilled in the art can understand that Figure 7 the structure shown in the figure is only a block diagram of some structures related to the solution of the present application, and does not constitute a limitation on the computer device to which the solution of the present application is applied. The specific computer device may include more or fewer components than those shown in the figure, or combine some components, or have different component arrangements.

[0224] In an exemplary embodiment, a computer device is further provided, including a memory and a processor. A computer program is stored in the memory, and when the processor executes the computer program, the steps in the above method embodiments are implemented.

[0225] In an exemplary embodiment, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, storing a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by the processor, the steps in the above method embodiments are implemented.

[0226] In an exemplary embodiment, a computer program product is provided, including a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by the processor, the steps in the above method embodiments are implemented.

[0227] It should be noted that the user information (including but not limited to user device information, user personal information, etc.) and data (including but not limited to data for analysis, stored data, displayed data, etc.) involved in the present application are all information and data authorized by the user or fully authorized by all parties, and the collection, use, and processing of relevant data need to comply with relevant regulations.

[0228] Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand that all or part of the processes in the methods of the above embodiments can be completed by instructing relevant hardware through a computer program. The computer program can be stored in a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium. When the computer program is executed, it can include the processes of the embodiments of the above methods. Among them, any reference to a memory, database, or other medium used in the embodiments provided in the present application can include at least one of non-volatile and volatile memories. Non-volatile memory can include Read-Only Memory (ROM), magnetic tape, floppy disk, flash memory, optical memory, high-density embedded non-volatile memory, resistive random access memory (ReRAM), magnetoresistive random access memory (MRAM), ferroelectric random access memory (FRAM), phase change memory (PCM), graphene memory, etc. Volatile memory can include random access memory (RAM) or external cache memory, etc. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM can be in various forms, such as static random access memory (SRAM) or dynamic random access memory (DRAM), etc.

[0229] The databases involved in the embodiments provided in the present application can include at least one of relational databases and non-relational databases. Non-relational databases can include distributed databases based on blockchain, etc., without limitation. The processors involved in the embodiments provided in the present application can be general-purpose processors, central processors, graphics processors, digital signal processors, programmable logic devices, data processing logics based on quantum computing, etc., without limitation.

[0230] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. For the sake of brevity of description, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, it should be considered as the scope described in this specification.

[0231] Specific examples are used in this article to elaborate on the principles and implementation manners of the present application. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only used to help understand the method and its core idea of the present application; at the same time, for those of ordinary skill in the art, according to the idea of the present application, there will be changes in the specific implementation manners and application scopes. In summary, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation on the present application.

Claims

1. A small current injection test method for vehicle lightning effects, characterized in that, The small current injection test method for vehicle lightning effects includes: Applying a pulsed current with preset waveform parameters to a specified injection point of the test vehicle through a small current pulse generator. The test vehicle is placed at the center position of a conductive plane, and the wheel screws of the test vehicle are connected to the ground wire of the conductive plane through short - circuit jumpers to form a low - impedance conductive path; Using a current monitoring device and an induced voltage monitoring device to measure the injection current and the induced voltage of the test vehicle respectively; Analyzing the distribution path and attenuation degree of the lightning current in the test vehicle according to the waveform data of the injection current and the induced voltage; Evaluating the anti - interference performance of the test vehicle in a lightning environment based on the analysis results of the distribution path and the attenuation degree; Generating a test report including the injection current, the induced voltage, the distribution path and the anti - interference performance.

2. The vehicle lightning effect small current injection test method according to claim 1, wherein The step of applying a pulsed current with preset waveform parameters to a specified injection point of the test vehicle through a small current pulse generator includes: Setting the waveform parameter of the small current pulse generator to an impulse current waveform of 10 / 350 μs; Adjusting the current peak value of the small current pulse generator to a preset range of 500 ± 50 A; Real - time monitoring the output current waveform of the small current pulse generator through an oscilloscope; Adjusting the parameters of the small current pulse generator according to the calibration result of the output current waveform.

3. The vehicle lightning effect small current injection test method according to claim 1, wherein The step of using a current monitoring device and an induced voltage monitoring device to measure the injection current and the induced voltage of the test vehicle respectively includes: Installing a current transformer on the current injection path of the test vehicle to capture the injection current; Arranging voltage probes on the cables of the key electronic devices of the test vehicle to measure the induced voltage; Connecting the output signals of the current transformer and the voltage probes to a storage oscilloscope; Transmitting the data of the storage oscilloscope to an external computer in real - time through an optical fiber isolation system.

4. The vehicle lightning effect small current injection test method according to claim 3, characterized in that The step of analyzing the distribution path and attenuation degree of the lightning current in the test vehicle according to the waveform data of the injection current and the induced voltage includes: Extracting the wavefront time and the wave - tail half - peak time parameters of the injection current; Calculating the peak attenuation ratio of the induced voltage on the cables of the key electronic devices; Drawing a path topology diagram of the lightning current from the injection point to the ground point; Determining the main coupling channels of the lightning current based on the path topology diagram; Quantifying the correlation between the attenuation degree and the structural characteristics of the test vehicle through a preset algorithm.

5. The vehicle lightning effect small current injection test method according to claim 4, characterized in that The step of evaluating the anti - interference performance of the test vehicle in a lightning environment based on the analysis results of the distribution path and the attenuation degree includes: Comparing the peak value of the induced voltage with the withstand voltage threshold of the key electronic devices; Statistically calculating the energy loss ratio of the lightning current on the main coupling channels; Calculating the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness level of the test vehicle according to the energy loss ratio; Generating an anti - interference performance score based on the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness level; Verifying whether the anti - interference performance score meets the safety threshold specified by the preset standard.

6. The vehicle lightning effect small current injection test method according to claim 5, characterized in that The steps of generating a test report including the injection current, the induced voltage, the distribution path, and the anti-interference performance include: Integrating the waveform data of the injection current, the measurement data of the induced voltage, and the path topology diagram; Marking the anti-interference performance score and the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness level in the test report; Attaching the structural parameters of the test vehicle and the configuration parameters of the small current pulse generator; Formatting the test report through a preset template and outputting it as an electronic document; Digitally signing the electronic document to ensure data integrity.

7. A small current injection test device for vehicle lightning effects, characterized in that The small current injection test device for vehicle lightning effects includes: A test module for applying a pulsed current with preset waveform parameters to a specified injection point of a test vehicle through a small current pulse generator. The test vehicle is placed at the center position of a conductive plane, and the wheel screws of the test vehicle are connected to the ground wire of the conductive plane through a shorting jumper to form a low-impedance conductive path; Using a current monitoring device and an induced voltage monitoring device to measure the injection current and the induced voltage of the test vehicle respectively; An analysis module for analyzing the distribution path and attenuation degree of lightning current in the test vehicle based on the waveform data of the injection current and the induced voltage; Evaluating the anti-interference performance of the test vehicle in a lightning environment based on the analysis results of the distribution path and the attenuation degree; Generating a test report including the injection current, the induced voltage, the distribution path, and the anti-interference performance.

8. A computer device, comprising: A memory, a processor, and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement the steps of the small current injection test method for vehicle lightning effects according to any one of claims 1-6.

9. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the steps of the small current injection test method for vehicle lightning effects according to any one of claims 1-6.

10. A computer program, including a computer program, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the steps of the small current injection test method for vehicle lightning effects according to any one of claims 1-6.

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