Super capacitor module system

Abstract

The invention discloses a super capacitor module system, and relates to the technical field of energy storage, an STM32 single-chip microcomputer is connected with a constant current charging loop, the constant current charging loop is externally connected with commercial power 220V alternating current through a wire, and the constant current charging loop is connected with a super capacitor module through a diode; the diode is used for receiving the input current of the constant-current charging loop and providing the input current to the super-capacitor module; the super capacitor module is composed of 12-36 capacitors with the specification of 2.7 V through a series circuit and a parallel circuit, the capacitors are assembled and connected through matched capacitor connectors, and main bodies of the capacitor connectors are copper structural parts connected between the capacitors. And a resistor R1 and a resistor R2 are additionally arranged on a current loop of the super capacitor module and the constant-current charging loop. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that the cost is reduced; comprehensive monitoring is realized; intelligent management; the expansion is easy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of energy storage, and specifically refers to a supercapacitor module system. Background Art

[0002] As a new type of energy storage element, supercapacitors have been widely used in many fields due to their long cycle life, simple maintenance, safety and reliability, etc. Especially in factory DC power supply systems, such as DC panels, DC emergency power supply systems, and low-voltage ride-through systems of inverters, supercapacitors, as backup or auxiliary power supplies, can significantly improve the stability and reliability of the systems. However, when existing supercapacitor modules are applied in high-voltage DC power supply systems, they face the following challenges: (1) High charging cost: Since the DC voltage is usually higher than 400V, traditional charging methods are not only inefficient but also require expensive charging equipment, increasing the overall cost of the system; (2) Difficult monitoring and management: Most existing supercapacitor modules lack an effective monitoring and management mechanism and cannot obtain key parameters such as the voltage and temperature of individual capacitors in the module in real time, resulting in the inability to timely detect and handle capacitors with degraded performance or damage, affecting the overall performance and safety of the system.

[0003] In existing patents in related fields, such as the patent with the publication number CN110518660B, although a power management circuit, a capacitor management circuit, and a capacitor management method are proposed, it mainly focuses on the charge and discharge control of capacitors and does not effectively solve the problems of high high-voltage charging cost and the monitoring of the state of individual capacitors. Another example is the patent with the publication number CN102842966B, which discloses a supercapacitor management system. Although it realizes the balancing control of capacitors, it lacks remote communication and fault self-diagnosis functions, restricting the intelligent and automated level of the system. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To solve the above technical problems, the technical solution provided by the present invention is: A supercapacitor module system, comprising:

[0005] An STM32 single-chip microcomputer, which is connected to a constant-current charging circuit. The constant-current charging circuit is externally connected to the 220V AC mains through a wire, and the constant-current charging circuit is connected to the supercapacitor module through a diode;

[0006] The constant-current charging circuit, which is connected to the supercapacitor module and supplies energy to it;

[0007] A diode, the positive terminal of which is connected to the negative terminal of the constant-current charging circuit, and the negative terminal of which is connected to the positive terminal of the supercapacitor module. The diode is used to receive the input current of the constant-current charging circuit and supply it to the supercapacitor module;

[0008] Supercapacitor module. The supercapacitor module is composed of 12 to 36 capacitors with a specification of 2.7V through series and parallel circuits. The capacitors are assembled and connected through matching capacitor connectors. The main body of the capacitor connector is a copper structural part for connecting between the capacitors; Resistors R1 and R2 are installed on the current loop of the constant current charging circuit of the supercapacitor module;

[0009] Resistor R1. Resistor R1 is connected to the STM32 single-chip microcomputer through a wire. Resistor R1 detects the current parameters during charging and transmits the data to the STM32 single-chip microcomputer;

[0010] Resistor R2. Resistor R2 is a temperature-measuring NTC resistor. Resistor R2 detects the temperature parameters during charging and transmits the data to the STM32 single-chip microcomputer.

[0011] Preferably, the STM32 single-chip microcomputer is provided with an RS485 communication interface. The STM32 single-chip microcomputer performs data transmission with the host computer through the RS485 communication interface.

[0012] Preferably, the RS485 communication interface is an isolated communication interface. The isolation voltage between the internal circuit and the external bus A and B terminals is greater than 1200V, enabling the host computer and the internal circuit of the supercapacitor module to be in an electrically isolated state, so that multiple supercapacitor modules can be connected in series to a high voltage.

[0013] Preferably, the constant current charging circuit is an isolated AC / DC constant current charging circuit with a standard power set to 200W; The L line of the constant current charging circuit is connected to the output terminal of the 220V AC mains, and the N line of the constant current charging circuit is connected to the input terminal of the 220V AC mains, outputting a constant current DC of 30V / 5A to charge the supercapacitor module through a diode. The isolation voltage between the output DC and the L and N terminals of the mains input is greater than 1200V.

[0014] Preferably, the positive terminal of the diode is connected to the negative terminal of the constant current charging circuit, and the negative terminal of the diode is connected to the positive terminal of the supercapacitor module.

[0015] Preferably, each capacitor connector can accommodate and assemble 3 capacitors. Every 3 capacitor connectors assembled with capacitors are connected in series to form a capacitor module. According to the total voltage and capacity requirements, 1 - 3 capacitor modules connected in parallel can respectively form supercapacitor modules with 12, 24, and 36 capacitors. The voltage standard of the supercapacitor module is set to 12V to 30V.

[0016] Preferably, the STM32 single-chip microcomputer real-time collects the voltage across each capacitor, measures the charging current parameters through resistor R1, measures the operating temperature of the supercapacitor module through resistor R2, and the measured values are displayed through a matching integrated liquid crystal screen.

[0017] Preferably, the supercapacitor module system is also integrated with a passive equalization circuit, which is used for the STM32 single-chip microcomputer to control the switching of the capacitor discharge tubes of the supercapacitor module according to the voltage value of each capacitor, so that the voltage of each capacitor in the supercapacitor module is kept consistent.

[0018] Preferably, the supercapacitor module system further includes a capacitor detection and management system. The main body of the capacitor detection and management system is a system that uses an STM32 single-chip microcomputer as the main controller to protect the capacitor module and transmit capacitor module information, including functions: (1) Collect the voltage of each capacitor and drive the passive equalization circuit to make the voltage of each capacitor in the capacitor bank equal; (2) During the charging and discharging process, judge and prompt capacitors with degraded performance or damaged ones; (3) Measure the temperature inside the module and give a high-temperature alarm prompt; (4) Shut off the charging circuit when a capacitor failure occurs and perform self-diagnosis on the constant-current charging circuit; (5) Through RS485 communication, the internal information of the capacitor module can be uploaded to the host computer system, and the internal information includes capacitor voltage, temperature, and charging current.

[0019] The advantages of the present invention compared with the prior art are as follows: (1) Cost reduction: By adopting an isolated AC / DC constant-current charging circuit, the cost of high-voltage charging is reduced and the charging efficiency is improved; (2) Comprehensive monitoring: Realize real-time monitoring of the voltage, temperature, and charging current of each single capacitor in the module, promptly discover and handle capacitors with degraded performance or damaged ones, and ensure the stability and safety of the system; (3) Intelligent management: The integrated capacitor detection and management system and remote communication function realize the intelligent management of the supercapacitor module, improve the automation level and maintenance efficiency of the system; (4) Easy expansion: Through modular design, the number of capacitors and the module structure can be flexibly adjusted according to actual needs to meet the requirements of different application scenarios. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0020] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the principle of a 30V supercapacitor module.

[0021] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a capacitor connector.

[0022] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the passive equalization circuit.

[0023] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a DC 1000V system formed by connecting supercapacitor modules in series. Detailed Embodiments

[0024] The following further elaborates on the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0025] Embodiment 1

[0026] As Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown in and

[0027] , this embodiment provides a supercapacitor module system, which achieves the purpose of low cost, efficient charging, and comprehensive monitoring and management through the following technical solutions.

[0027] In terms of the design of the constant-current charging circuit, an isolated AC / DC constant-current charging circuit is adopted, with a standard power set to 200W, outputting constant-current direct current of 30V / 5A, and the isolation voltage from the 220V AC mains greater than 1200V, effectively reducing the charging cost and improving safety.

[0028] In terms of temperature and current monitoring, the charging current and module temperature are respectively monitored through resistor R1 and resistor R2, and the data is transmitted to the STM32 single-chip microcomputer in real time, achieving precise control of the charging process and comprehensive monitoring of the module status.

[0029] In terms of voltage equalization and passive equalization circuit, the STM32 single-chip microcomputer collects the voltage across each capacitor in real time, and controls the capacitor discharge tube switch through the passive equalization circuit to ensure that the voltage of each capacitor in the module remains consistent, extending the service life of the capacitor.

[0030] In terms of remote communication and capacitor detection management system, an RS485 isolated communication interface is integrated to achieve data transmission with the upper computer. At the same time, a capacitor detection management system is constructed, including functions such as voltage acquisition, equalization control, fault warning, high-temperature alarm, charging circuit shutdown, and self-diagnosis, improving the intelligence and automation level of the system.

[0031] Specifically, the core components of this embodiment include:

[0032] (1) STM32 single-chip microcomputer

[0033] Structural features: Adopt a high-performance STM32 series microcontroller, with powerful data processing capabilities and rich peripheral interfaces.

[0034] Functions: As the main controller of the system, it is responsible for data acquisition, processing, storage, and communication. The voltage signals of resistors R1 and R2 are collected through the built-in ADC module to calculate the charging current and module temperature; the switch of the passive equalization circuit is controlled through the GPIO port; communication with the upper computer is carried out through the RS485 interface.

[0035] Connection method: Connect to the constant-current charging circuit, resistors R1, R2, and the passive equalization circuit through wires, and communicate with the upper computer through the RS485 interface.

[0036] (2) Constant-current charging circuit

[0037] Structural features: It consists of a rectifier bridge, filter capacitor, power MOS transistor, current detection resistor, etc., to achieve AC / DC conversion and constant current output.

[0038] Function: Convert the 220V AC mains power into a constant current DC of 30V / 5A to charge the supercapacitor module.

[0039] Connection method: The L wire is connected to the output terminal of the 220V AC mains power, the N wire is connected to the input terminal of the 220V AC mains power, and the output terminal is connected to the supercapacitor module through a diode.

[0040] (3) Diode

[0041] Structural features: Use high-voltage and high-current diodes to ensure that they can withstand high voltages and currents during the charging process.

[0042] Function: As a unidirectional conduction element, prevent the reverse flow of current and protect the supercapacitor module from damage.

[0043] Connection method: The positive terminal is connected to the negative terminal of the constant current charging circuit, and the negative terminal is connected to the positive terminal of the supercapacitor module.

[0044] (4) Supercapacitor module

[0045] Structural features: It consists of 12 to 36 capacitors with a specification of 2.7V connected through series and parallel circuits. The capacitors are assembled and connected through a matching capacitor connector. The main body of the capacitor connector is a copper structural part for connection between capacitors, with good electrical conductivity and heat dissipation.

[0046] Function: As an energy storage element, store and release electrical energy. Through series and parallel combinations, different voltage and capacity requirements can be achieved.

[0047] Connection method: The capacitors are connected in series or parallel into a module through a capacitor connector, and the modules are connected through wires to form an overall unit.

[0048] (5) Resistor R1:

[0049] Structural features: Use a high-precision and low-temperature drift resistor to ensure the measurement accuracy.

[0050] Function: Detect the current parameters during charging, convert the current into a voltage signal and transmit it to the STM32 single-chip microcomputer.

[0051] Connection method: It is connected in series in the constant current charging circuit, with one end connected to the ADC input terminal of the STM32 single-chip microcomputer and the other end connected to the output terminal of the constant current charging circuit.

[0052] (6) Resistor R2 (NTC resistor)

[0053] Structural feature: A negative temperature coefficient (NTC) thermistor is adopted, and the resistance value decreases as the temperature rises.

[0054] Function: Detect the temperature parameter during charging, convert the temperature into a voltage signal and transmit it to the STM32 single-chip microcomputer.

[0055] Connection method: Connect to a certain point in the supercapacitor module or the constant current charging circuit, one end is connected to the ADC input terminal of the STM32 single-chip microcomputer, and the other end is grounded.

[0056] (7) Passive equalization circuit

[0057] Structural feature: It is composed of resistors, MOS transistors, etc. to achieve voltage equalization between capacitors.

[0058] Function: According to the instructions of the STM32 single-chip microcomputer, control the switch of the capacitor discharge tube to keep the voltage of each capacitor in the supercapacitor module consistent.

[0059] Connection method: Connect to the STM32 single-chip microcomputer and the supercapacitor module through wires.

[0060] (8) RS485 communication interface

[0061] Structural feature: An isolated communication interface is adopted, and the isolation voltage between the internal circuit and the external bus A and B terminals is greater than 1200V.

[0062] Function: Realize data transmission between the STM32 single-chip microcomputer and the host computer, including information such as capacitor voltage, temperature, charging current, etc.

[0063] Connection method: Connect to the host computer through the RS485 bus.

[0064] It can be seen that in this embodiment, the constant current charging circuit is reasonably designed and can efficiently convert the commercial power into constant current direct current to charge the supercapacitor module. Through the STM32 single-chip microcomputer and resistors R1 and R2, real-time monitoring of the charging current, module temperature and the voltage of each capacitor is achieved. The passive equalization circuit ensures that the voltage of each capacitor in the supercapacitor module is consistent, extending the service life of the capacitor. The RS485 communication interface realizes data transmission with the host computer, facilitating users to remotely monitor and manage the supercapacitor module. The selection and connection methods of components such as diodes and resistors are reasonable, ensuring the safety and reliability of the system.

[0065] Embodiment 2

[0066] Such as Figure 1 、 Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown in the figure, this embodiment provides a supercapacitor module integrating a charging and monitoring management system, which includes supercapacitors, a capacitor connector that is easy to be connected in series and parallel, a constant-current charging circuit, a passive balancing circuit, and a detection and management system for the capacitors. Inside the supercapacitor module, 12 to 36 supercapacitors with a voltage of 2.7V form a supercapacitor module with a voltage of 12V to 30V through a series-parallel circuit. The series-parallel connector connects 12 - 36 capacitors in series and parallel according to the requirements of the total voltage and capacity. A 200W constant-current charging circuit is integrated in the module. When connected to the external mains AC 220V, it can output a constant-current direct current of 30V / 5A, and charges the supercapacitor module through diode D. The isolation voltage between the output direct current and the L and N terminals of the mains input is greater than 1200V. The integrated capacitor monitoring and management system uses an STM32 series single-chip microcomputer to collect the voltages V1_V12 across each capacitor in real time to calculate the voltage of each capacitor, monitors the charging current of the system by measuring the voltage of R1, and obtains the temperature of the module by measuring the resistance value of the NTC resistor R2. The measured values are displayed on the liquid crystal screen installed on the module housing. The passive balancing circuit controls the switching of the capacitor discharge tubes according to the voltage value of each capacitor during the charging process, so that the voltages of each capacitor in the capacitor module are kept consistent. An RS485 communication interface is set inside, which can transmit data to the upper computer for the management of the entire system. The RS485 communication interface uses an isolated communication interface, and the isolation voltage between the internal circuit and the external bus A and B terminals is greater than 1200V, enabling the upper computer and the internal circuit of the supercapacitor module to be in an electrically isolated state, so that multiple supercapacitor modules can be connected in series to a higher voltage.

[0067] Among them, the isolated AC / DC charging circuit is a switching power supply circuit with constant-current and constant-voltage functions. For example, for a 30V capacitor module, when the capacitor voltage is lower than 30V, the charging circuit will charge with a constant current of 5A. When the module voltage reaches 30V, the current drops to 0A, indicating full charge.

[0068] The passive balancing circuit is a discharge circuit composed of a resistor and a triode connected in parallel across a single capacitor: it receives signals from the STM32 controller to discharge the capacitor so that its voltage is consistent with that of other capacitors.

[0069] In addition, this system is also equipped with a capacitor detection and management system, which is a system for protecting the capacitor module and transmitting information of the capacitor module with an STM32 single-chip microcomputer as the main controller. Main functions: a. Collect the voltage of each capacitor section, drive the passive balancing circuit to make the voltages of each capacitor section in the capacitor bank equal. b. During the charging and discharging process, judge and prompt capacitors with degraded performance or damaged ones. c. Measure the temperature inside the module and give a high-temperature alarm prompt. d. Shut down the charging circuit in case of capacitor failure and perform self-diagnosis on the constant-current charging circuit. e. Transmit information remotely. The internal information (capacitor voltage, temperature, charging current, etc.) of the capacitor module can be uploaded to the upper computer system through RS485 communication.

[0070] The core working principle of this embodiment is based on the energy storage characteristics of supercapacitors and their interaction with the electronic control system. A supercapacitor is a component that stores electrical energy through a double-layer capacitor formed by charge separation at the interface between an electrolyte and an electrolytic solution. Its energy storage process does not involve chemical reactions, but stores electrical energy through an electrostatic field, so it has advantages such as high power density, short charge and discharge time, and long cycle life.

[0071] In the device, supercapacitors are assembled into modules and managed and controlled through an electronic control system. The electronic control system includes key components such as an STM32 single-chip microcomputer, a constant-current charging circuit, a passive balancing circuit, and an RS485 communication interface.

[0072] The STM32 single-chip microcomputer, as the main controller of the system, is responsible for data acquisition, processing, storage, and communication. It collects the voltage signals of resistors R1 and R2 through the built-in ADC module to calculate the charging current and module temperature. At the same time, it also controls the switch of the passive balancing circuit through the GPIO port to ensure that the voltage of each capacitor in the supercapacitor module is kept consistent.

[0073] The constant-current charging circuit converts the 220V AC mains power into a 30V / 5A constant-current DC power to charge the supercapacitor module. This circuit is reasonably designed and can efficiently transfer electrical energy to the supercapacitor while ensuring the safety and stability of the charging process.

[0074] The passive balancing circuit controls the switch of the capacitor discharge tube according to the instructions of the STM32 single-chip microcomputer to keep the voltage of each capacitor in the supercapacitor module consistent. This helps to extend the service life of the capacitor and improve the reliability and stability of the entire system.

[0075] The RS485 communication interface realizes data transmission between the STM32 single-chip microcomputer and the upper computer. Through this interface, users can remotely monitor and manage the status of the supercapacitor module, including information such as capacitor voltage, temperature, and charging current.

[0076] The overall working mode includes:

[0077] I. Charging process

[0078] When the 220V AC mains power is connected to the device, the constant-current charging circuit starts to work, converting the AC power into a 30V / 5A constant-current DC power. This DC power is transmitted to the supercapacitor module through components such as diodes for charging. During the charging process, the STM32 single-chip microcomputer collects the information of the charging current and module temperature in real time through resistors R1 and R2, and processes and analyzes it. If it is found that the charging current or module temperature is abnormal, the STM32 single-chip microcomputer will take timely measures for protection to ensure the safety of the system.

[0079] II. Balancing Process

[0080] During the charging or discharging process, the STM32 single-chip microcomputer monitors the voltage of each capacitor in the supercapacitor module in real time through the passive balancing circuit. If it is found that the voltage of a certain capacitor is quite different from that of other capacitors, the STM32 single-chip microcomputer will control the passive balancing circuit to perform a balancing operation to discharge the capacitor until its voltage is the same as that of other capacitors. This helps to extend the service life of the capacitor and improve the reliability and stability of the entire system.

[0081] III. Data Communication and Remote Monitoring

[0082] The STM32 single-chip microcomputer transmits data to the host computer through the RS485 communication interface. Users can remotely monitor and manage the status of the supercapacitor module through the host computer, including information such as capacitor voltage, temperature, charging current, etc. This helps users to timely understand the operating status of the system and take corresponding measures for maintenance and management.

[0083] In summary, through reasonable design and connection methods, the device described in the present invention realizes functions such as efficient charging, intelligent balancing, and remote communication. These functions act together on the supercapacitor module system, improving its reliability and stability, and providing a strong guarantee for the normal operation of industrial production equipment.

[0084] Embodiment III

[0085] As shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3 , this embodiment provides a basic supercapacitor module system. The supercapacitor module is composed of 12 supercapacitors with a specification of 2.7V connected in series, and the total voltage is 32.4V. The STM32 single-chip microcomputer adopts the STM32F103 series microcontroller, which is responsible for data acquisition, processing, and communication. The constant current charging circuit is designed to output a current of 5A and an output voltage of 30V to ensure safe charging. The passive balancing circuit adopts a simple resistor discharge balancing method and is controlled by the STM32 single-chip microcomputer. The RS485 communication interface realizes data communication with the host computer.

[0086] Working principle: During charging, the commercial power is converted into constant current direct current through the constant current charging circuit to charge the supercapacitor module. The STM32 single-chip microcomputer real-time collects the charging current and the module temperature, and uploads them to the host computer through the RS485 communication interface. After charging is completed, the STM32 single-chip microcomputer controls the passive balancing circuit to perform voltage balancing to ensure that the voltage of each capacitor is the same.

[0087] This embodiment is applicable to occasions with low requirements for voltage and capacity, such as small energy storage devices, backup power supplies, etc.

[0088] Embodiment III

[0089] As Figure 1 and Figure 4 shown, this embodiment provides an enhanced supercapacitor module system.

[0090] The supercapacitor module is composed of 24 supercapacitors with a specification of 2.7V, which are first connected in series and then in parallel. The total voltage is 54V and the total capacity is increased. The STM32 single-chip microcomputer uses the high-performance microcontroller of the STM32F4 series, which has stronger data processing capabilities. The constant-current charging circuit is designed to output a current of 10A and a voltage of 50V, adapting to a larger-capacity capacitor module. The passive equalization circuit adopts a more efficient MOS tube discharge equalization method to improve the equalization speed and efficiency. The RS485 communication interface adds an isolation circuit to improve communication stability and anti-interference ability.

[0091] Working principle: During charging, the constant-current charging circuit provides a stable charging current for the supercapacitor module. The STM32 single-chip microcomputer real-time collects the charging current, module temperature, and the voltage of each capacitor, and optimizes the charging strategy and equalization strategy through algorithms. After charging is completed, the STM32 single-chip microcomputer controls the passive equalization circuit to perform voltage equalization to ensure the consistency of the capacitor module.

[0092] This embodiment is applicable to occasions with high requirements for voltage and capacity, such as auxiliary power supplies for electric vehicles, wind power energy storage systems, etc.

[0093] Embodiment Four

[0094] As Figure 2 and Figure 4 shown, this embodiment provides an intelligent supercapacitor module system. The supercapacitor module is composed of 36 supercapacitors with a specification of 2.7V through complex series-parallel combinations. The total voltage and capacity can be customized according to requirements. The STM32 single-chip microcomputer uses the high-performance microcontroller of the STM32H7 series, which supports high-speed data processing and the operation of complex algorithms. The constant-current charging circuit is designed with an adjustable output current and a wide output voltage range, adapting to different specifications of capacitor modules. The active equalization circuit adopts an efficient DC / DC converter for active equalization to improve the equalization accuracy and speed. The RS485 / CAN communication interface supports multiple communication protocols, facilitating integration with different types of upper computers or control systems.

[0095] Working principle: During charging, the constant current charging circuit adjusts the output current and voltage according to the instructions of the STM32 single-chip microcomputer to provide the optimal charging conditions for the supercapacitor module. The STM32 single-chip microcomputer real-time collects parameters such as charging current, module temperature, voltage and internal resistance of each capacitor, and performs data processing and status evaluation through advanced algorithms. According to the evaluation results, the STM32 single-chip microcomputer controls the active balancing circuit to perform precise voltage balancing to ensure the high consistency and long life of the capacitor module. At the same time, the STM32 single-chip microcomputer performs real-time data communication with the host computer through the RS485 / CAN communication interface to provide remote monitoring and management functions for the system.

[0096] This embodiment is applicable to occasions with extremely high requirements for voltage, capacity, accuracy and reliability, such as rail transit energy storage systems, data center backup power supplies, etc.

[0097] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited by the above embodiments. The above embodiments and the descriptions in the specification only illustrate the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention will have various changes and improvements, and these changes and improvements all fall within the scope of the present invention claimed. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A supercapacitor module system, characterized in that Including: An STM32 single-chip microcomputer, which is connected with a constant-current charging circuit. The constant-current charging circuit is externally connected to the commercial power of 220V AC through a wire, and the constant-current charging circuit is connected to a supercapacitor module through a diode; A constant-current charging circuit, which is connected to the supercapacitor module and supplies energy to it; A diode, the positive terminal of which is connected to the negative terminal of the constant-current charging circuit, and the negative terminal of which is connected to the positive terminal of the supercapacitor module. The diode is used to receive the input current of the constant-current charging circuit and supply it to the supercapacitor module; A supercapacitor module, which is composed of 12 to 36 capacitors with a specification of 2.7V through series and parallel circuits. The capacitors are assembled and connected through a supporting capacitor connector. The main body of the capacitor connector is a copper structural part for connecting between capacitors; Resistors R1 and R2 are installed on the current loop of the supercapacitor module and the constant-current charging circuit; Resistor R1, which is connected to the STM32 single-chip microcomputer through a wire. Resistor R1 detects the current parameter during charging and transmits the data to the STM32 single-chip microcomputer; Resistor R2, which is a temperature-measuring NTC resistor. Resistor R2 detects the temperature parameter during charging and transmits the data to the STM32 single-chip microcomputer.

2. The supercapacitor module system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The STM32 single-chip microcomputer is provided with an RS485 communication interface, and the STM32 single-chip microcomputer performs data transmission with the host computer through the RS485 communication interface.

3. The supercapacitor module system according to claim 2, wherein: The RS485 communication interface is an isolated communication interface, and the isolation voltage between the internal circuit and the external bus A and B terminals is greater than 1200V, so that the host computer and the internal circuit of the supercapacitor module are in an electrically isolated state, enabling multiple supercapacitor modules to be connected in series to a high voltage.

4. A supercapacitor module system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The constant-current charging circuit is an isolated AC / DC constant-current charging circuit, and the standard power is set to 200W; The L line of the constant-current charging circuit is connected to the output terminal of the commercial power of 220V AC, and the N line of the constant-current charging circuit is connected to the input terminal of the commercial power of 220V AC, outputting a constant DC current of 30V / 5A, and charging the supercapacitor module through a diode. The isolation voltage between the output DC and the L and N terminals of the commercial power input is greater than 1200V.

5. A supercapacitor module system according to claim 1, wherein: The positive terminal of the diode is connected to the negative terminal of the constant-current charging circuit, and the negative terminal of the diode is connected to the positive terminal of the supercapacitor module.

6. The supercapacitor module system according to claim 1, wherein: Each capacitor connector can accommodate and assemble 3 capacitors. Every 3 capacitor connectors equipped with capacitors are connected in series to form a capacitor module. According to the requirements of the total voltage and capacity, 1-3 capacitor modules connected in parallel can respectively form supercapacitor modules with 12, 24, and 36 capacitors. The voltage standard of the supercapacitor module is set to 12V to 30V.

7. A supercapacitor module system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The STM32 single-chip microcomputer collects the voltage across each capacitor in real time, measures the charging current parameter through resistor R1, measures the working temperature of the supercapacitor module through resistor R2, and the measured values are displayed through a supporting integrated liquid crystal screen.

8. A supercapacitor module system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The supercapacitor module system is also integrated with a passive equalization circuit, which is used for the STM32 single-chip microcomputer to control the capacitor discharge tube switch of the supercapacitor module according to the voltage value of each capacitor, so that the voltage of each capacitor in the supercapacitor module is kept consistent.

9. The supercapacitor module system according to claim 1, wherein: The supercapacitor module system also includes a capacitor detection and management system. The main body of the capacitor detection and management system is a system that uses the STM32 single-chip microcomputer as the main controller to protect the capacitor module and transmit the information of the capacitor module, including the functions: (1) Collect the voltage of each capacitor and drive the passive equalization circuit to make the voltage of each capacitor in the capacitor bank equal; (2) During the charging and discharging process, judge and prompt the capacitors with degraded or damaged performance; (3) Measure the temperature inside the module and give a high-temperature alarm prompt; (4) Shut off the charging circuit in case of capacitor failure and perform self-diagnosis on the constant-current charging circuit; (5) Through RS485 communication, the internal information of the capacitor module can be uploaded to the upper computer system, and the internal information includes capacitor voltage, temperature, and charging current.

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