Device for recording temperatures exceeding threshold

Abstract

The device for recording temperatures exceeding a threshold value is made in the form of an elastic label, having a layered structure, comprising an adhesive layer; the colored elastic base material contains no less than 5 mass percent of halogen atoms, and information about the recorded threshold temperature is printed on the colored elastic base material; the heat-sensitive material is applied to the front surface area of the base material, comprises a solid organic matter with a structural fragment CnH (2n + 1) (n is greater than or equal to 5), and can realize overheat visual recording through irreversible transparency change when being heated in a range of + / -5 DEG C of a threshold temperature shown on the label; and an elastic transparent protective film covering the front surface of the substrate and the heat-sensitive material. After the device is installed on the surface of a cylinder with the curvature radius not smaller than 2 mm and longitudinally and transversely stretched by 10% (relative to the initial size), the function of visually recording overheating within the range of the threshold temperature + / -5 DEG C shown on the label can still be kept. And the safety of equipment operation is improved by ensuring that the device is tightly attached to the surface with the complex geometrical shape and the surface with the linear size capable of changing within the range of 10%.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to a device for recording temperatures exceeding a threshold temperature, and more specifically, to a device in the form of an elastic label for recording temperatures exceeding a threshold temperature. Background Art

[0002] An increase in temperature is one of the primary and most common signs of the development of various equipment defects, such as an increase in the transition contact resistance in electrical engineering, a malfunction in the operation of bearings in machinery, an inter-turn short circuit in the motor winding, or a malfunction in the charging device or battery in household appliances. Timely detection of such overheating can pre-emptively eliminate faults, prevent equipment failures, accident situations, and their associated fires or power outages. Technical and regulatory documents specify the maximum allowable temperatures, and heating exceeding these temperatures should be regarded as a defect, requiring immediate cessation of operation and sending the equipment for repair (e.g., RD 34.45-51.300-97, RD 153-34.0-20.363-99, GOST8865-93, 8024-90, 10693-81, 2213-79, 10434-82, 16708-84, 2585-81, 32397-2020, 26346-84, 839-2019, GOST R 51321.1-2007, etc.).

[0003] To detect defects associated with exceeding the maximum allowable temperature, various diagnostic methods are used. Continuous overheating monitoring tools include chemical or mechanical temperature indicators, which can be of two types: reversible (changing appearance only in the heated state and returning to the original state after cooling) and irreversible (changing appearance after exceeding the set temperature and remaining unchanged after cooling).

[0004] An example of a reversible overheating monitoring device is the invention described in US7600912B2 (publication date: March 20, 2007), which is a single-layer or double-layer label whose thermosensitive element contains a leuco dye and a developer in an adhesive. When a certain temperature is reached, the adhesive melts, and the developer reacts with the dye, causing the label to change color. After the temperature decreases, the dye crystallizes and the color returns.

[0005] RU2561737C1 (publication date: September 12, 2014) describes an inorganic reversible temperature indicator based on chromium(III) complexes. The proposed thermochromic material has the ability to reversibly change color when heated above 120°C. The characteristic of such inventions is the need for visual recording of heating when the temperature exceeds the standard, and the inability to detect defects outside peak loads. Therefore, these devices have not been widely used.

[0006] Unlike reversible indicators, irreversible indicators can not only detect but also record the fact that the temperature exceeds the threshold temperature. At the same time, the inspection of such devices can be carried out without generating the maximum load mode, and even on equipment that has been shut down for maintenance.

[0007] As mentioned above, temperature indicators are applied in various fields. However, perhaps the most stringent and complex requirements are imposed on temperature indicators used in the energy field.

[0008] Therefore, in order to safely use temperature indicators in the energy field, the device must possess a series of necessary characteristics: low flammability and inflammability; high electrical strength and dielectric properties; high-precision irreversible recording of temperature exceeding the threshold; flexibility and strength; strong adhesion properties to closely adhere to various surfaces.

[0009] At the same time, a device with these characteristics can be easily used in any other field.

[0010] Irreversible thermal indicators can be classified according to their working principles. Known indicators are based on the mechanical destruction of thermosensitive elements, chemical reactions of the composition components, or phase changes of thermosensitive components.

[0011] An example of a temperature indicator based on mechanical destruction is described in [US6176197B1, publication date November 2, 1998]. According to this document, the temperature indicator is a closed, hollow, transparent elongated tube with two compositions of different colors, which are isolated from each other by a polymer partition, and the melting temperature of the partition is close to the melting temperature of the compositions. When the set threshold temperature is reached, the partition is destroyed, the compositions melt and mix, and as a result, the color of the substance inside the tube changes. The features of this invention include the inability to control overheating of the entire surface, and the low response speed, because completing the color change requires not only the complete melting of the indicator composition and the polymer film separating them, but also time for the formed liquid phase to mix, which may be difficult due to the insufficiently fast diffusion process near the melting point. In addition, the structural features of the described invention do not allow the manufacture of a flexible device that can closely adhere to the entire controlled surface.

[0012] The patent [EP2288879B1, publication date June 4, 2008] describes a chemical etching reaction of an activator on a metal substrate that starts when a certain temperature is reached. The indicator color changes from silver-white or mirror-like to colorless and can be used for temperature control of food and medical products as well as electrical equipment. The metal layer and the activator layer can be applied to a film made in the form of a label, which ensures the flexibility of the product and its ability to adhere to various surfaces. Another example of a temperature indicator based on chemical interaction is the invention described in [US6957623B2, publication date March 9, 2004]. In this case, the thermosensitive material contains a mixture of water, latex, and ice-forming active microorganisms and is transparent until the threshold temperature is reached. When heated to the set value, the latex and the ice-forming active microorganisms interact to form an opaque material. Among the commercially available indicators operating on the principle of a chemical reaction process, we can select the Retomark type indicator offered by the limited liability company "YALOS Innovation Company" (https: / / www.yalosindicator.com / product / termoindikatory-kontrol-temperatury).

[0013] The proposed irreversible thermal indicators based on the principle of a chemical reaction are characterized by low accuracy because, according to the Arrhenius equation, the degree of a chemical reaction depends not only on temperature but also on time. Therefore, keeping the composition at a temperature slightly below the threshold for a long time can also cause the product to trigger. At the same time, the above standards specify a specific threshold temperature with an interval of no more than 5 °C, which makes the described invention unsuitable for defect detection. Another feature of such devices is that the response time is significantly dependent on temperature: when briefly heated at the threshold temperature, the chemical reaction may not be completed, and either the color change of the indicator does not occur or it is insufficient for detection. In addition, due to the reversibility of the color transition reaction, the appearance of some products returns to the initial state after being placed at a low temperature for a long time.

[0014] A significant disadvantage of indicators based on mechanical damage or chemical reactions is that the indicator may trigger prematurely when the thermosensitive element layer is deformed. Therefore, they are not suitable for uneven or curved surfaces, as well as surfaces that can change their linear parameters, where deformation may occur, leading to loss of function.

[0015] The most accurate are phase-change-based temperature indicators, i.e., based on the melting of a thermosensitive component. Since, unlike chemical reactions, the phase-change temperature does not depend on the action time, such indicators have the highest accuracy and are able to maintain their initial appearance at temperatures slightly below the threshold. In addition, phase-change-based indicators are not prone to premature triggering during deformation, i.e., they do not lose their functional properties, and when using certain classes of substances and suitable substrates, they can be used on uneven and curved surfaces, as well as surfaces that can change their linear parameters.

[0016] In addition, compared to materials based on chemical reactions, for example, the use of phase-change-based thermosensitive materials allows for the use of thinner and more uniform material layers, which has a particularly positive impact on the flexibility of the temperature indicator. Irreversible indicators based on the principle of phase change of a thermosensitive component can be made into special indicating devices (such as labels, sleeves, clips, etc.), where the hot-melt composition is applied evenly and in a thin layer to the substrate under factory conditions, which ensures good adhesion to the desired surface and is additionally covered with a polymer film that protects the hot-melt composition from mechanical or chemical influences and prevents it from flowing when it melts after triggering.

[0017] Temperature indicators in the form of labels are the most widely used, especially because of their simple installation, availability, and ease of use.

[0018] There are two types of irreversible temperature indicators: single-temperature type and multi-temperature type. Generally speaking, single-temperature indicators are all self-adhesive labels. Among these manufacturers, we can distinguish: LLC "ThermoElectR1ka" ((https: / / www.les iv.pro / %D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8-l-mark-pro), LLC "Innovation Company "YALOS"

[0019] (https: / / www.yalosindicator.com / product / termoindikatory-kontrol-temperatury), JSC NPF Luminophore (https: / / luminoph0r.ru / catalog / termoindikatornye-mateR1aly / termoindikatory-plavleniya-marki-T1n / ).

[0020] The advantage of irreversible multi-temperature indicators is that they can not only determine the fact of exceeding the set temperature, but also determine the value of the highest surface temperature to which the controlled element is heated during operation. However, since most electrical technology devices and electrical equipment nodes only specify a single maximum allowable temperature value, the use of multi-temperature indicators may lead to uncertainty during inspections. Therefore, single-temperature indicators can provide a clear understanding of whether there are defects in various devices accompanied by exceeding the threshold temperature.

[0021] Partial color change of the temperature indicator is not sufficient to determine the presence of a defect: it is necessary to additionally know the maximum allowable temperature value of the controlled element, compare it with the detected value, and then decide whether it is necessary to immediately stop the device for repair. In addition, due to the structural features, each temperature window controls its own surface area, so each element of the indicator will measure the temperature of its own surface (insulation layer) area, and in the case of point heating, its value will not correspond to the highest temperature of the entire surface.

[0022] As the label material, materials with the following properties must be used: low flammability and inflammability; high electrical strength and dielectric properties; sufficient mechanical strength, etc.

[0023] The high electrical strength of the individual layers of the label and the entire device is necessary to ensure safe use in electrical equipment, electric motors, or various electrical mechanisms. Non-conductivity and a high breakdown voltage value can prevent the occurrence of circuit failures, short circuits, or electric arcs when the label comes into contact with exposed conductive elements.

[0024] It should also be taken into account that in the event of an emergency defect, the heating of the contacts may reach the self-ignition temperature of the label. The combustion of the label, in turn, may lead to a fire in the electrical equipment or the generation of an electric arc.

[0025] In order to use the temperature indicator to record the over-temperature of the surface temperature of electrical equipment components or various mechanisms, it must be taken into account that the surfaces of these components usually have complex geometries, with a radius of curvature starting from 2 mm (for example, the cores of small cross-section wires with or without insulation layers, the aluminum-clad steel wires of overhead transmission lines, equipment clamps, coil surfaces, bolt-connected blades, contact reeds, jaws of fuse contact connections, etc.), and may also be the surfaces of metal conductive components that operate within a wide temperature range due to current passing through or external heating / cooling, so their linear dimensions change within a quite large range. Components of other equipment, especially electric motors, storage batteries, and bearings, also have complex surfaces.

[0026] Therefore, in order to reliably record temperature overrun, it is important that the device (especially a device made in the form of a label) has high elasticity and flexibility so as to reliably adhere to such surfaces and not even partially peel off during operation. Otherwise, if the label does not have sufficient elasticity and flexibility, after the pressure applied to it is removed, the elastic force will exceed the adhesion force (the adhesion force between the label and the surface), and as a result, the label will attempt to return to its initial shape and partially or completely peel off from the surface. The same may occur when the linear dimensions of the controlled surface change, including due to the thermal expansion of the surface material when it is heated.

[0027] Manufacturers of temperature indicating labels usually indicate in the documentation that their products need to be installed on a flat surface, which may be related to their insufficient flexibility and elasticity and the possible loss of functional properties of the thermosensitive material during deformation.

[0028] At the same time, if the label substrate with temperature indicator characteristics does not have elasticity and flexibility, and / or the thermosensitive composition loses its functional properties during deformation, then when used for temperature control of surfaces with a small radius of curvature, complex shapes, and surfaces capable of changing their linear parameters, the reliability of recording temperature overrun will be significantly reduced for the following reasons: in the case of using a thermosensitive material based on film rupture, premature triggering related to the destruction of the physical integrity of the device elements may occur; due to insufficient substrate elasticity, peeling of the thermosensitive material from the substrate and the formation of cracks on its surface may occur, which will lead to insufficient heating of the thermosensitive material when the threshold temperature is exceeded (T(surface)>T(thermosensitive material)) and reduce the visibility of the triggering device; in the area where the label peels off from the controlled surface, bubbles may form, which will act as a heat insulator, thus possibly resulting in a significant difference between the surface temperature and the thermosensitive material temperature (T(surface)>T(thermosensitive material)) due to insufficient heating of the thermosensitive material; in the area of label or material peeling, the surface heating of the thermosensitive material is uneven, where part of the thermosensitive material layer changes its appearance (becomes transparent and shows the substrate color), while part remains in the initial (opaque) state, which may lead to unreliable conclusions about the location of the recorded overheating.

[0029] In many known temperature indicating labels in the prior art, a transparent protective layer is used to cover the front of the substrate in the area coated with the thermosensitive material, protecting the thermosensitive material from the negative effects of the environment and preventing the thermosensitive material from flowing when the threshold temperature is exceeded.

[0030] Equally important, the protective layer of the label should also be elastic and flexible. When using a non-elastic and non-flexible protective layer for temperature control of surfaces with a small radius of curvature, complex-shaped surfaces, and surfaces capable of changing their linear parameters, the reliability of recording temperature overshoot will be significantly reduced for the following reasons: the protective film may rupture and lose its functional properties, resulting in deterioration of the performance of the thermosensitive material; microcracks may form when the protective film is stretched, reducing the transparency of the film and thus resulting in insufficient contrast in the color change of the label when the threshold temperature is exceeded; if the label is placed on a device with a small radius of curvature, the protective film will exert excessive pressure on the thermosensitive material, reducing the threshold temperature at which it triggers.

[0031] Therefore, in order to reliably record overheating of the surface of electrical equipment components above the threshold temperature, among other things, a device is required to closely adhere to the surface for temperature control, including surfaces with a small radius of curvature, complex-shaped surfaces, and surfaces capable of increasing their linear parameters, and to maintain the functional properties (trigger accuracy) of the thermosensitive material when used on such surfaces.

[0032] According to our detailed study of the prior art, although there is a wide selection of temperature indicators with different operating mechanisms and numbers of recorded threshold temperatures, there is still a need for a device for recording over-threshold temperatures to ensure its safe and effective use on various surfaces, including complex geometric surfaces with a small radius of curvature starting from 2 mm, and surfaces with a possible increase in linear dimensions of up to 10%, including components of electrical equipment.

[0033] Therefore, there is a need to create a device for recording over-threshold temperatures of surfaces (including components of electrical equipment) that can continuously and closely adhere to complex geometric surfaces, including conductive elements of electrical equipment with a radius of curvature starting from 2 mm, and surfaces with a possible increase in linear dimensions of up to 10%.

[0034] The prototype of this device is a temperature indicating label produced by NiGK of Japan, (https: / / contents.bownow.jp / files / index / sid_9c257787049ca562bbda?client_id=d867dc3c-ab2f-4a08-ba5a-32d9c6b2c5a1&access_token=&referer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nich1gi.co.jp%2Fen%2Fen_downloadform%2Fen_data.html, a catalog dedicated to temperature indicating materials). A type of indicating label is disclosed in the provided catalog, which has a laminated structure including an insulating gasket, an adhesive layer, a non-discoloring colored substrate, an adhesive, a heat-activated composition, and a protective polymer film. The adhesive layer covering the back of the temperature indicator is heat-resistant, enabling the device to be immediately fixed to the surface whose temperature is to be measured after removing the insulating gasket. The protective polymer film covering the temperature measuring element is heat-resistant and protects it from water, chemicals, oil, and environmental influences. High-precision temperature measurement is achieved by using the effect of color change of a purified stable pigment when it reaches its melting point. At the same time, the indicator is irreversible and does not revert to its original color after being triggered.

[0035] However, the manufacturer warns on page 2 of the provided catalog that these indicating labels need to be fixed only on flat surfaces, as fixing them to a curved surface or a corner may cause inaccurate triggering of the device. This indicates that both the label substrate and the thermosensitive material layer lack sufficient flexibility, and fixing them to a surface with a complex shape may lead to the formation of cracks and the peeling of the composition layer from the substrate, as well as uneven heating of the thermosensitive material, which will also reduce the accuracy of overheat recording. Therefore, such devices cannot be widely used for detecting overheating and temperature control on the surfaces of detection equipment (including electrical equipment with complex geometries and / or small radii of curvature).

[0036] This application aims to create a device in the form of a label that is elastic, flexible, and strong for recording temperatures exceeding a threshold temperature, in order to reliably record temperature overshoots on surfaces of various shapes (including electrical equipment components).

[0037] Terms and definitions used in this application

[0038] "Label" refers to an element of any shape, whose back is coated with an adhesive protected by a release film. After removing the release film, the adhesive layer ensures the necessary adhesion to the surface. "Adhesion" refers to the binding force between the surfaces of objects with different properties. In this application, in particular, the adhesion (FINAT TM1, after 24 hours, to stainless steel) can be not less than 10 N / 25 mm, which is determined experimentally.

[0039] The terms "elastic substrate" and "elastic protective film" characterize the materials of the substrate or the protective film, which have the ability to change their shape under external action without breaking.

[0040] The term "thermosensitive material" refers to a material that becomes more transparent to at least part of the visible light relative to its initial state when heated above a threshold temperature and does not return to its initial state after subsequent cooling. The thermosensitive material can consist, for example, of a single organic compound or an organic acid salt that undergoes a phase change when reaching the threshold temperature, or of a mixture of substances. In addition, the thermosensitive material can additionally contain an adhesive, such as an organic resin, to improve the adhesion of the thermosensitive material to the flexible substrate, as well as other additives.

[0041] The term "threshold temperature" or "threshold temperature value" represents the temperature value at which an irreversible change in the properties of the thermosensitive material occurs. In this application, the accuracy of recording the temperature exceeding the threshold temperature is 5 °C.

[0042] The term "accuracy of recording the temperature exceeding the threshold temperature" is understood as follows:

[0043] 1. Before the device reaches a value equal to the threshold temperature of the corresponding thermosensitive material minus the declared accuracy, the transparency of the corresponding thermosensitive material and the appearance of the device do not change.

[0044] 2. When it is equal to or higher than the value of the threshold temperature of the corresponding thermosensitive material plus the declared accuracy, the corresponding thermosensitive material is transparent, and the device has an appearance different from the initial state.

[0045] 3. The exact value of the phase change of the thermosensitive component is within the declared range and is not determined otherwise. The accuracy of recording the temperature exceeding the threshold temperature determined in this application is 5 °C.

[0046] "Phase change" means that a substance changes from one thermodynamic phase to another when the external conditions change. In this application, the phase change is "melting", which means that the material changes from a solid state to a liquid state when the temperature rises to or above the melting temperature of the composition.

[0047] For a thermosensitive material that has undergone a phase change and has increased transparency, the term "triggered" is used in this application. A device in which the thermosensitive material has changed its transparency is called "triggered".

[0048] "Defect" means that an object does not meet the requirements specified in the document in at least one indicator.

[0049] "Flame resistance" means the ability of a material to resist combustion under the action of an ignition source.

[0050] The term "electrical strength" defines the property of the device to withstand the voltage applied to it. In other words, the electrical strength is the minimum electric field strength at which breakdown of the device occurs.

[0051] The term "dielectric" refers to the property of the device to withstand the voltage applied thereto, where the minimum electric field strength at which device breakdown occurs exceeds the electrical strength of air under normal conditions (for a 1-cm thick layer, it is 3 kV / mm).

[0052] The term "surface of complex geometry" refers to any curved surface containing bends, breaks, and other non-linear elements, with a minimum radius of curvature starting from 2 mm. In this application, as a model surface of complex geometry, a cylindrical surface with a longitudinal wave having a radius of curvature R = 2 mm of a single curved element is considered.

[0053] The term "radius of curvature" for curved and cylindrical surfaces refers to the maximum radius of the circular arc that best fits these surfaces. In this application, a "small radius of curvature" refers to a radius of curvature starting from 2 mm.

[0054] The term "cylindrical surface" refers to an open or closed ruled surface that can be developed, formed by a straight line (generatrix) moving parallel along a certain curved guide.

[0055] The term "elasticity" reveals the ability of a material to replicate its shape without loss of functional properties when bent around a cylindrical surface. The term "tensile / compressive elasticity" refers to the ability of a material to maintain its functional properties when a force is applied in any direction parallel to the plane in which the material lies and after the force is removed.

[0056] The "elongation at break" is the value of the elongation of a product or its component during tensile testing, beyond which its physical integrity is damaged and fracture occurs. This value is expressed as a percentage and represents the degree of increase in the linear dimension of the material relative to its corresponding initial dimension during tensile testing.

[0057] In this application, the term "glazing" is used to denote the process of forming a uniform layer of another thermodynamic phase around the particles of one thermodynamic phase. Summary of the Invention

[0058] This application aims to improve the safety of device operation by accurately and reliably recording defects related to surfaces and components of devices (including energy-using devices) exceeding the threshold temperature.

[0059] The task of this application is to create a device that can reliably and accurately record the situation of exceeding the threshold temperature when placed on various surfaces (including surfaces of complex geometry with a minimum radius of curvature of 2 mm and surfaces made of materials with a possible linear dimension increase within 10%), and that does not lose its functional properties, including the accuracy of recording the exceeding of the threshold temperature, when pasted onto the said surfaces.

[0060] The technical effect of the present application lies in enabling the device for recording temperatures exceeding the threshold temperature to closely adhere to surfaces with complex geometries made of various materials and having a minimum radius of curvature of 2 mm, as well as surfaces made of materials with a possible linear dimension increase within 10%, without loss of the accuracy of recording temperatures exceeding the threshold temperature, including conductive elements of electrical equipment, thereby improving the operating safety of various devices (including electrical equipment).

[0061] This technical effect is achieved by the following device: a device for recording temperatures exceeding the threshold temperature, which is an elastic label with a laminated structure, including: an adhesive layer; a colored elastic substrate containing no less than 5 mass percentage of halogen atoms, on which information including the numerical value of the recorded threshold temperature is printed; a thermosensitive material applied to the front area of the substrate, which can visually record overheating by undergoing an irreversible transparency change relative to the initial state when heated within the range of the threshold temperature shown on the label ±5°C, and contains a solid organic compound having a structural fragment C n H (2n+1) (where n > 5); an elastic transparent protective film covering the front of the substrate and the thermosensitive material and at least partially transparent to visible light, wherein the device can still maintain the function of visually recording overheating within the range of the threshold temperature shown on the label ±5°C after being installed on a cylindrical surface with a minimum radius of curvature of 2 mm and stretched longitudinally and transversely by 10% (relative to the initial dimensions).

[0062] The selection of the polymer materials for the substrate and the protective film should ensure that the following criteria are simultaneously met: flexibility and elasticity necessary for closely adhering to surfaces with complex geometries and maintaining the ability to record overheating with the declared accuracy; necessary adhesion to both the controlled surface itself and the thermosensitive material, which is crucial for reliably fixing the device, preventing its peeling during thermal expansion or vibration of the controlled surface, and maintaining the ability to record temperature overshoot; and flame resistance.

[0063] The most suitable materials for this purpose are halogen-containing polymers, preferably polyvinyl chloride. Polymer materials with halogen atoms in their structures have one of the highest flexibility and elasticity indices among known polymers. Introducing halogen atoms into monomers used as polymerization raw materials will break their symmetry and generate one or more chiral centers. The copolymerization or polycondensation of such monomers with each other or with other halogen-containing or halogen-free monomers will result in the formation of polymer chains with a large number of stereocenters. Regular polymers obtained from non-halogenated monomers without chiral centers are prone to forming crystalline structures, thereby reducing their elasticity, while the large number of diastereoisomers generated during monomer halogenation endows halogen-containing polymers with stereochemical randomness, thus preventing crystallization. Therefore, due to the chemical structure characteristics (the presence of halogen atoms in the polymer structure), halogen-containing polymer materials have high elasticity and flexibility. In addition, halogen-containing materials have good adhesion and low flammability, which provides additional guarantees for the safe operation of the applied device and the equipment where it is located.

[0064] When manufacturing a temperature indicator in the form of a label, the tensile capacity of certain materials and the thermal expansion of the label adhesive material (its TCR - coefficient of thermal expansion) must be taken into account. An increase in the surface temperature of the surface to which the device is attached will be accompanied by the thermal expansion of the surface material. Therefore, if the device does not have tensile elasticity, label peeling and deformation will occur, thereby reducing the reliability of recording temperature over - standard. This is especially important in the energy field because the vast majority of materials used in this field have a significant TCR and dynamic connections are used to prevent the negative impact of material thermal expansion. Such connections also require temperature control, which can only be achieved by using elastic labels that can easily deform when the shape and size of the device elements on which they are placed change.

[0065] Therefore, the device (especially a device made in the form of a label) not only needs to have bending flexibility and elasticity but also tensile elasticity, that is, when the label is stretched in any direction in the plane parallel to the substrate, its linear dimensions will increase accordingly while maintaining the necessary functional characteristics.

[0066] Use a thermosensitive material that can visually record overheating by undergoing an irreversible change in transparency relative to the initial state when heated within the range of ±5 °C of the threshold temperature shown on the label and contains a solid - state organic compound having a structural fragment C n H (2n+1) (where n > 5) for the following reasons.

[0067] Using a compound containing one or more long aliphatic hydrocarbon chains results in the formation of solid - state organic compound particles in the form of fibers, scales, or flat or elongated crystals. When such a thermosensitive material is applied to a substrate, the flat particles are mainly oriented parallel to the substrate layer and the protective film layer. Therefore, the thermosensitive material layer has the ability to bend and stretch / compress without deformation and loss of functional characteristics( Figure 12 a).

[0068] This crystal packing determines the anisotropy of the solid - state organic compound. As a result, the properties of the material in the direction parallel to the surface of the substrate and the protective film are different from those in the direction perpendicular to the surface of the substrate and the protective film. The anisotropy of the thermosensitive material properties affects the strength of the material under bending and mechanical action: applying an action in a direction close to perpendicular to the substrate surface does not cause material damage (A.I. Kitaygorodsky, "Organic Crystal Chemistry", M., Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1955). Since the flat particles of the solid - state organic compound are mainly oriented parallel to the substrate layer and the protective film layer, when the device is longitudinally stretched or compressed, the particle layer will slide relative to each other, and the gap size between them will increase or decrease without destroying the microstructure of the thermosensitive material and maintaining the integrity of its layer( Figure 7)。Therefore, when the thermosensitive material layer is placed on a surface with a small radius of curvature and a surface made of a material that can be stretched and has a high TCR, its stretching will not cause deformation or damage to the thermosensitive material layer, nor will cracks form on it. This will further ensure the safe operation of various devices by accurately and reliably recording overheating of their surfaces.

[0069] In addition, when a device for recording temperatures exceeding a threshold temperature is fixed to a surface with a complex geometry, including surfaces with a radius of curvature starting from 2 mm, if the protective film has insufficient elasticity, its bending will exert excessive pressure (F’) on the thermosensitive material. It is well known that solid substances start to melt or recrystallize into larger crystals when the pressure increases, especially at temperatures close to but not reaching the melting temperature ( Figure 7 )。Therefore, if the protective film has insufficient elasticity, the pressure (F < F’) it exerts on the thermosensitive material at the bending point may cause the device to trigger prematurely, resulting in an incorrect overheating record. Avoiding incorrect triggering can be achieved not only by using an elastic protective film (the pressure it exerts on the thermosensitive material will decrease when bent (F ≈ F’)), but also by using an anisotropic microstructure of the thermosensitive material, in which the formed flat particles are mainly oriented parallel to the substrate layer.

[0070] Due to the structural characteristics of the thermosensitive layer, its microstructure contains a large amount of gas phase. When the threshold temperature is exceeded, the microstructure of the thermosensitive material will be damaged, resulting in stratification of the gas phase and non-gas phase ( Figure 12 )。Since this process occurs during heating, due to thermal expansion, the total volume of the gas phase after heating will be significantly higher than the total volume of the gas phase contained in the microstructure of the thermosensitive material before heating. As a result, when the threshold temperature is reached, bubbles will form under the protective film covering the front of the sealed device. When the device is further cooled, the volume of the gas phase decreases to the initial value, and the size of the bubbles under the surface of the protective layer also decreases accordingly. The described process explains the need to use an elastic protective film with stretching and compression capabilities during the manufacture of the device to maintain the integrity of the device during operation over a wide temperature range. Otherwise, if the protective film has insufficient elasticity and flexibility, it may crack during stretching or compression, thus destroying the accuracy of recording temperature overshoot.

[0071] In this application, the accuracy of the recorded temperature threshold is not less than 5 °C.

[0072] Therefore, the combination of claim features, for example: using a colored elastic substrate containing no less than 5 mass percentage of halogen atoms; applying a thermosensitive material based on phase change, containing a structural fragment C n H (2n+1)Solid organic substances (where n > 5); the front of the device is covered with an elastic protective film that is at least partially transparent to visible light; after being installed on a cylindrical surface with a minimum radius of curvature of 2 mm and stretched longitudinally and transversely by 10% (relative to the initial dimensions), it can still maintain the function of visually recording overheating within the range of ±5 °C of the threshold temperature shown on the label, which can avoid the following factors that have a negative impact on the safe operation of the device, including the impact on the reliable recording of temperatures exceeding the threshold temperature: premature triggering related to the deformation of the thermosensitive material; peeling of the thermosensitive material from the substrate, as well as the formation of cracks on its surface; the formation of bubbles in the area where the label is peeled off from the controlled surface; uneven heating of the surface of the thermosensitive material; rupture of the protective film and loss of its functional properties; the formation of microcracks on the surface of the protective film; excessive pressure exerted by the protective film on the thermosensitive material. In some cases, the thickness of the elastic substrate does not exceed 0.7 mm, and its elongation at break is not less than 10%. In addition, the thickness of the elastic protective film does not exceed 0.5 mm, and its elongation at break is not less than 33%.

[0073] Consider the extreme case of fixing a label on the surface of a cylinder with a radius of curvature R = 2 mm (for example, the core of a small cross-section wire with or without an insulating layer, the steel-aluminum wire of an overhead transmission line, equipment fixtures, the surface of a coil, the blades of a bolt connection, contact reeds, the jaws of a fuse contact connection, etc.). Before being fixed to the curved surface, the length of the label substrate is L0CH-, the length of the thermosensitive material layer is L-substrate, and the length of the protective film is L3.n.. When placed on the cylinder surface, the bending radius of the device substrate will be equal to R1 = R + h1, where h1 is the thickness of the substrate, the bending radius of the thermosensitive material will be equal to R2 = R + h1 + h2, where h2 is the thickness of the thermosensitive material, and the maximum bending radius of the protective film will be equal to R3 = R + h1 + h2 + h3, where h3 is the thickness of the protective film. In most cases, the thickness (h0) of the adhesive layer is very small and can be considered zero. In the preferred case, the thickness of the substrate does not exceed 0.2 mm, the thickness of the thermosensitive material layer does not exceed 0.3 mm, and the thickness of the protective film does not exceed 0.15 mm. Then, in order for the device to fit tightly to the surface with a radius of curvature of 2 mm and maintain adhesion, the outer surface of the substrate should be bent with a radius of (2 + 0.2) mm, which is 10% larger than the radius of the cylinder surface. In this case, the length L'-main length of the outer surface of the substrate after pasting should also increase by 10% relative to its initial length, that is, make up L'-main length = 1.1 * L-main length. The outer surface of the thermosensitive material layer should be bent with a radius of (2 + 0.2 + 0.3) mm, which is 25% larger than the radius of the cylinder surface. In this case, the length L'-outer surface of the thermosensitive material layer of the outer surface of the thermosensitive material layer after pasting the label should also increase by 25% relative to its initial length, that is, make up L'-outer surface of the thermosensitive material layer = 1.25 * L-outer surface of the thermosensitive material layer. The outer surface of the protective film should be bent with a radius of (2 + 0.2 + 0.3 + 0.15) mm at most, which is 33% larger than the radius of the cylinder surface. In this case, the maximum length L'З.п. of the outer surface of the protective film after pasting the label should also increase by 33% relative to its initial length, that is, L'3.n. = 1.25 * L3.n. (see Figure 1 a, Figure 10 and Figure 10 the calculations given in the description). At the same time, if thicker substrates, thermosensitive materials, and protective film layers are used, the lengths of the corresponding components of the device should be increased by up to 100%.

[0074] Therefore, it is important that the device for recording temperatures above the threshold does not lose its adhesion properties, does not get damaged, does not break, and fully retains its functionality after being mounted on a surface with a minimum radius of curvature of 2 mm and stretched longitudinally and transversely by 10% (relative to the initial dimensions), and is capable of recording overheating within the range of the threshold temperature shown on the label ±5°C. This is ensured in particular by using a substrate and a protective film that are flexible, elastic, and have an elongation at break ranging from 10% to up to 100%.

[0075] Failure to meet these conditions will result in a significant reduction in the accuracy of recording temperatures above the threshold.

[0076] In a preferred embodiment, the material of the adhesive layer is selected to ensure that the adhesion to stainless steel at 20°C (FINAT TM1, after 24 hours) is not less than 10 N / 25 mm, which enables the adhered component to closely fit the surface on which it is placed throughout its service life. The value of the adhesion is determined by approximating an array of experimental data.

[0077] In a preferred embodiment, the device has dielectric properties and preferably has an electrical strength of not less than 5 kV / mm.

[0078] In a preferred embodiment, the elastic substrate comprises a polymer containing the structural unit -CH2CHCl-, preferably polyvinyl chloride (PVC), preferably cast (obtained by injection molding, casting) polyvinyl chloride.

[0079] The reasons for selecting such materials as the substrate material are as follows. PVC and other halogen-containing films have a series of necessary properties that materials used in electrical engineering should possess to ensure the necessary operating characteristics and the safe operation of the label and the device itself, namely:

[0080] · Low flammability and inflammability: When there is an emergency overheating of the surface where the device is located, the label itself will not become an ignition source and will only burn under the direct action of an open flame. After the action stops, PVC and other halogen-containing films are easy to quickly extinguish.

[0081] · Electrical strength and high dielectric properties, so the device is non-conductive, and when the label is peeled off from the controlled element and then overlapped, breakdown and short-circuit will not occur.

[0082] · Flexibility and elasticity ensure that the device can be adhered to the surfaces of equipment nodes and electrical equipment with complex geometries, as well as areas of motors, bearings, and other components that require temperature control.

[0083] · Resistance to fracture and tensile strength increase the service life of PVC and other halogen-containing films and ensure their reliability throughout their service life.

[0084] · Non-toxicity: When used for a long time under near-standard conditions, it will not release substances harmful to the human body.

[0085] Halogen atoms exist in the elastic substrate structure, partly due to fire safety requirements, namely the low flammability of the device. It is well known that materials containing halogen atoms in their composition have low flammability, which provides additional guarantee for the safe operation of the device and the equipment where it is located. The combustion of the label under the action of high temperature may lead to electrical equipment fires and the generation of electric arcs. At the same time, the substrate can contain halogen-containing polymers and halogen-containing additives. In both cases, the mass percentage content of halogen atoms is not less than 5 mass percentages. For halogen-containing polymers, this parameter is significantly higher, especially for polyvinyl chloride, which is 57 - 74 mass percentages according to different production methods, and for polyvinylidene fluoride, it is 59%. The halogen-containing additives introduced into the polymer film without halogen atoms act as flame retardants or plasticizers and are effective even when added at low concentrations.

[0086] In addition, all halogen-containing polymers are good dielectrics and have high electrical strength values. Attention should also be paid to the elasticity of halogen-containing polymers, especially PVC. The properties of the final PVC film depend on its production method and the presence of modifying additives (plasticizers). Plasticized PVC has high elasticity and can be processed into films and other finished products by various methods. PVC films can be obtained by calendering, thus forming a material in which polymer fibers are elongated and mainly oriented along the calendering direction. This imparts higher elasticity, flexibility and elongation at break of up to 300% to the film, but only in the calendering direction. Extruded PVC films also have high elasticity, flexibility and strength only in the extrusion direction. PVC films manufactured by injection molding (casting or injection molding of films) also have the advantages of the other two types of plasticized PVC, however, their properties are the same in all directions, which makes this material the most preferred material for the substrate of the device for recording temperature overrun. In addition, denser, stronger and flatter films can be obtained by injection molding. Therefore, especially using cast PVC as the substrate can meet all the above requirements.

[0087] In summary, the transparent elastic protective film can also be made of polyvinyl chloride, preferably cast polyvinyl chloride.

[0088] It is preferable to use a thinner structural layer because this has a positive impact on the flexibility and elasticity of the device in particular, thus ensuring additional reliability and safety in the operation of the label and the equipment itself. However, the strength characteristics of the device should also be considered, and these must also meet the requirements for the label and the entire temperature indicator.

[0089] Therefore, in some cases, the thickness of the elastic substrate is preferably not more than 0.2 mm, the thickness of the thermosensitive material is not more than 0.8 mm, and the thickness of the transparent elastic protective film is not more than 0.15 mm.

[0090] In some cases, the thermosensitive material has a microstructure in the initial state that includes a continuous solid phase and voids filled with a gas phase, and is capable of irreversibly changing its appearance upon reaching the threshold temperature through the destruction of the thermosensitive material microstructure, which is accompanied by the fusion of solid organic matter particles, a decrease in the proportion of voids, and an increase in its transparency, thereby revealing the color of the substrate (see Figure 12 ).

[0091] The use of a thermosensitive material with voids can extend the service life, improve the reliability of overheat detection by making it impossible to agglomerate solid matter particles through the gas phase, and exclude the possibility of the material returning to its initial state after triggering through irreversible changes in the microstructure, which also has a positive impact on the safe operation of the label and the device itself. When the thermosensitive material with voids melts, an irreversible change occurs in the initial microstructure of the material, where the proportion of voids decreases, which is related to the fusion of solid organic matter particles and the decrease in the "solid-gas" phase interface area due to the irreversible escape of the gas contained in the voids to the surface and the stratification of the gas phase and non-gas phase. As a result, during the subsequent cooling process, the solid organic matter crystallizes without voids, so that at least for part of the visible light, an irreversible change in the transparency of the material (an increase relative to the initial state) occurs, producing a visual effect of a change in the appearance of the device with high contrast, thus ensuring high reliability in recording temperature overshoot above the set value. Preferably, after the thermosensitive material is heated above the corresponding threshold temperature, the proportion of its voids decreases by no less than 2 times relative to the initial state, which further increases the contrast of the color change of the device when the threshold temperature is exceeded.

[0092] In addition, the presence of voids filled with a gas phase increases the ability of the thermosensitive material to change its linear dimensions and bend without losing the accuracy of recording temperatures above the threshold.

[0093] The organic matter in the solid phase of the thermosensitive material can be selected from the following groups: aliphatic acids containing a C n H (2n+1) structural fragment and n > 12; aliphatic acid salts containing a C n H (2n+1) structural fragment and n > 5; alkanes containing no less than 20 carbon atoms; dialkyl phosphinic acids containing a C n H (2n+1) structural fragment and n > 5; aliphatic acid amides containing a C n H (2n+1) structural fragment and n > 5; aliphatic acid anhydrides containing a C n H (2n+1) structural fragment and n > 10; aliphatic alcohols containing a C n H (2n+1) structural fragment and n > 14; aliphatic alcohols containing a C n H(2n+1) Aliphatic amines with structural fragments and n > 17; containing C n H (2n+1) Aliphatic acid nitriles with structural fragments and n > 19.

[0094] Using an organic compound containing one or more C n H (2n+1) (n > 5) aliphatic hydrocarbon chains as the organic matter in the solid phase of the thermosensitive material helps to form crystal packing, where the elongated structural fragments of the linear hydrocarbons are oriented parallel to each other (A.I. Kitaygorodskii, Molecular Crystals, M.: Nauka, 1971). Since the solid organic matter particles form into fibers, scales, or flat or elongated crystals, i.e., having a two-dimensional structure, the thermosensitive material forms a special microstructure that can be bent and stretched without deformation and loss of functional properties.

[0095] In addition, using a solid organic compound containing non-polar aliphatic fragments additionally helps to increase the electrical strength value of the entire device because such aliphatic derivatives have good dielectric properties.

[0096] In some cases, the organic matter in the solid phase of the thermosensitive material is selected from the following group: palmitic acid, stearic acid, behenic acid, tetracosane, erucamide, stearyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, polyethylene, wax, paraffin wax, saturated aliphatic carboxylates of rare earth metals (especially lanthanum, yttrium, ytterbium, scandium).

[0097] The content of the solid organic matter in the thermosensitive material is not less than 50 mass percent, preferably 50 - 90 mass percent, and most preferably 70 mass percent. Experiments have determined that increasing the mass content of the solid-phase organic matter to more than 50 mass percent, and using a single solid organic matter as the thermosensitive material, will cause the individual particles of the thermosensitive layer to easily delaminate due to the low adhesion force between the solid particles, while maintaining the overall appearance, preventing cracking of the material after the device is installed on a surface with a small radius of curvature, and damage to the layer integrity during longitudinal and / or transverse stretching of the device. It has also been shown that increasing the content of the transparent adhesive to more than 50 mass percent will result in the need to use a thicker thermosensitive material layer because a low concentration of solid organic matter particles (less than 50 mass percent) cannot ensure the opacity of the thermosensitive material layer with a thickness not exceeding 0.8 mm.

[0098] In some cases, the microstructure of the thermosensitive material additionally includes a polymer binder that is at least partially transparent to visible light and has a phase transition temperature higher than that of the solid organic matter. In this case, the thermosensitive material contains a "solid-solid-gas" phase interface, and irreversible changes in the microstructure of the material also occur during melting. As a result, due to the escape of the gas contained therein to the surface of the material and the stratification of the gas phase and the non-gas phase, the number of voids decreases relative to the initial state, so that a decrease in the contact area between the solid phase and the voids, that is, a decrease in the phase interface area, is observed.

[0099] Preferably, the content of the polymer binder in the thermosensitive material is 1-30 mass percentages. In some cases, the polymer binder covers each individual structural particle of the solid organic matter, ensuring its "glazing". The binder should be selected to ensure wettability of the solid organic matter particles but not dissolution. Therefore, during the "glazing" process of the said particles, crystals, fibers, scales or their aggregates, the gas forming the thermosensitive material is additionally trapped and distributed between the solid organic matter particles "glazed" by the binder.

[0100] In a preferred embodiment, the thermosensitive material can change transparency within 5 seconds after being heated to a temperature exceeding the threshold temperature. This is because the declared thickness of the thermosensitive material layer and its structure, combined with the thickness of the substrate of the declared device, allow the thermosensitive material to be heated during a short-term overheat during peak load and be completely transformed into a molten state within no more than 5 seconds, and a "opaque-transparent" color transition occurs, while ensuring the necessary heat dissipation when the working device is air-cooled.

[0101] The threshold temperature can be selected from the range of 50-210 °C, preferably 50 °C, 55 °C, 60 °C, 70 °C, 80 °C, 90 °C, 100 °C, 110 °C, 120 °C, 130 °C, 140 °C, 150 °C. According to the selected recording threshold temperature, the applied thermosensitive material is selected such that the difference between the melting temperature of the solid organic matter it contains and the threshold temperature does not exceed 5 °C.

[0102] In certain embodiments of the device, the color of the elastic substrate or the text thereon can be used to mark electrical equipment components or for color-coding phases. In particular, text containing color, letters, numbers, or alphanumeric marking information can be applied to the front surface of the substrate. In one case, the text on the elastic substrate contains information about the end-of-life date of the device. The color of the elastic substrate can also comply with the established rules for marking energy equipment components. The above features are used to endow the device for recording temperatures above a threshold with the characteristics of an electrical equipment marking element, which additionally ensures the safe operation of the equipment in which such devices are installed for the following reasons. In the case of contact connections, wires, or electrical equipment nodes, we are talking about small surfaces that, on the one hand, need to be marked and, on the other hand, require temperature control. However, due to insufficient controlled surface area, it is usually not possible to use a marking device and a device for recording temperature overshoot separately. Using only a temperature-indicating device without marking can lead to incorrect identification of defective nodes and an increase in the detection time. Therefore, a device that combines the characteristics of a marking device and a temperature indicator will also have a positive impact on the safe operation of various equipment.

[0103] In some cases, the area of the thermosensitive material can account for 3% to 97% of the front surface area of the label, preferably not less than 30% of the front surface area of the label. Preferably, the surface area of the substrate covered by the thermosensitive material is not less than 100 square millimeters. Preferably, the device is capable of recording local overheating of the surface by a change in the transparency of only that part of the thermosensitive material heated above the threshold temperature, while maintaining the initial transparency of that part of the thermosensitive material not heated above the threshold temperature.

[0104] In some embodiments, at least 70% of the substrate area covered by the thermosensitive material is painted black, and when the corresponding threshold temperature is reached with the declared accuracy, a white-black visual color change occurs in a part of the device surface, i.e., the thermosensitive material is white in the opaque state.

[0105] To increase the visibility of the device itself and the fact of its triggering, on equipment components, including those that are difficult to inspect due to the large size of the equipment, the equipment being located outdoors, or due to inspection under adverse weather conditions and insufficient visibility, inspection with a flashlight at night, and inspection of the equipment without artificial lighting and windows, and thus additionally increasing the safety of equipment operation, the substrate can have reflective properties or can be colored using substances with luminescent properties.

[0106] In some cases, the substrate can be colored with a substance that can irreversibly change color when heated.

[0107] When coloring the substrate, a substance that can irreversibly change color when heated to a temperature lower than the threshold temperature of the main thermosensitive material (e.g., 10 - 30 °C lower) can inform personnel of the risk of future emergency defects, thus ensuring that the defect can be prevented when the personnel responsible for the equipment take appropriate actions. Therefore, when this substance is triggered while the main thermosensitive material is not triggered, it indicates that the equipment is overheated but has not reached the maximum allowable value corresponding to the threshold temperature of the main thermosensitive material, and it is necessary to inspect it to identify and eliminate faults that may lead to the development of emergency defects in the future. Therefore, the existence of a substance that can irreversibly change color when heated to a temperature lower than the threshold temperature of the main thermosensitive material (especially 10 - 30 °C lower) additionally improves the safe operation of the device being applied and the entire equipment.

[0108] In addition, the substrate can be colored with a substance that can reversibly change color when heated. For example, a thermosensitive coating with the above-mentioned characteristics can be applied on the front surface.

[0109] The existence of a substance that can reversibly change color when heated can not only inform personnel of past situations where the threshold temperature has been exceeded but also inform of overheating during inspection. The triggering of this substance during inspection indicates that the equipment is currently in an emergency mode and may be a potential hazard source. Therefore, the existence of a substance that can reversibly change color when heated additionally improves the safe operation of the device being applied and the entire equipment. Description of the Drawings

[0110] This application will be more easily understood through the following non-limiting description and drawings, which show:

[0111] Figure 1 - Example of placing the device for recording temperatures exceeding the threshold on a complex geometric element (cylindrical surface) - 1a - cross-sectional view, 1b - side view, 1c - cross-sectional view, example of placing a device without the necessary flexibility and elasticity on a complex geometric element (cylindrical surface).

[0112] Figure 2 - Example of "clamping type" longitudinal placement, cross-sectional view, 2a - the device being applied, 2b - a device without the necessary flexibility and elasticity.

[0113] Figure 3 - Example of placing the device being applied horizontally on a complex geometric element (concave surface).

[0114] Figure 4 - Layered structure of the device being applied for recording temperatures exceeding the threshold - 4a, with a black coating applied to the thermosensitive material area on the front surface of the elastic reflective substrate - 4b.

[0115] Figure 5- Example of placing a device for recording temperatures above a threshold temperature, which does not have the necessary flexibility and elasticity, on a surface that changes its linear dimensions, 5a - before stretching, 5b - after stretching.

[0116] Figure 6 - Device for recording temperatures above a threshold temperature with additional coloring in the area of the thermosensitive material: 6a - initial appearance of the label, 6b - label triggered after the threshold temperature is exceeded.

[0117] Figure 7 - Structure of a thermosensitive material containing a continuous solid phase and voids filled with a gaseous phase, 7a - before stretching, 7b - after stretching, applied to the surface of a cylinder.

[0118] Figure 8 - Device for recording temperatures above a threshold temperature indicating the end date of the service life.

[0119] Figure 9 - Device for recording temperatures above a threshold temperature, where the front side of the substrate is colored with a substance that can reversibly change color when heated above the threshold temperature, 9a - initial appearance of the device, top view, 9b - label fully triggered when the temperature exceeds the threshold temperature and the threshold temperature of the substance that reversibly changes color when heated, top view, 9c - fully triggered label after cooling, top view, 9г - layered structure.

[0120] Figure 10 - Layered structure of a part of a device for recording temperatures above a threshold temperature, 10a - initial appearance, 10b - after being pasted onto a curved surface.

[0121] Figure 11 - Top view of a device for recording temperatures above a threshold temperature: 11a - initial appearance of the label, 11b - label partially triggered only after the temperature in the heating area exceeds the threshold temperature, while the rest of the area remains in its initial state.

[0122] Figure 12 - Microstructure of a thermosensitive material with scaly solid organic matter particles and their aggregates, before triggering (12a) and after triggering (12b).

[0123] Figure 13 - Example of placing a device for recording temperatures above a threshold temperature on a wavy surface, 13a - layered structure, 13b - top view in the initial state, 13в - top view after the device is triggered.

[0124] Figure 14- device for recording the exceeding of a threshold temperature, wherein the front side of the substrate is colored with a substance capable of irreversibly changing color when heated to a temperature exceeding the threshold temperature, 14a - initial appearance of the device, top view, 14b - partially triggered label after exceeding the threshold temperature of the substance capable of irreversibly changing color when heated, top view, 14в - fully triggered label after exceeding the threshold temperature of the thermosensitive material, top view, 14г - label after cooling, top view, 14д - layered structure.

[0125] Figure 1 An example of placing a device for recording an excess of a threshold temperature on an element 10 of complex geometry with a radius of curvature R is shown, the device being a label having a layered structure comprising an adhesive layer 4 with a thickness of h0, an elastic substrate 1 with a thickness of h1, and a heat-sensitive material 2 with a thickness of h2 applied to the front thereof, the label being covered with a transparent elastic protective film 6 with a thickness of h3. Figure 1 a shows a specific scheme of a device with a black elastic substrate, cross-sectional view; Figure 1 b shows a specific scheme of the device with yellow elastic substrate, overall view; Figure 1 c shows a specific embodiment of a device with a black elastic substrate, a cross-sectional view, in which the device does not have the necessary flexibility and elasticity, and is therefore peeled off from the surface 10, forming a gap 11. If the surface has a curvature radius R, the bending radius of the elastic substrate 1 is R1 = R + h0, the bending radius of the heat-sensitive material 2 is R2 = R + h0 + h1, and the average bending radius of the transparent elastic protective layer 6 is R3 = R + h0 + h1 + h2.

[0126] Figure 2 A cross-sectional view of a device for recording a temperature exceeding a threshold value, which is a label having a layered structure comprising an elastic substrate 1 and a heat-sensitive material 2 applied to its front side, is shown "clip-on" fixed on a cylindrical surface 10, the label being covered with a transparent elastic protective film 6. Figure 2 a shows the claimed device in the "clamp-on" fixed position, the position closest to the cylindrical surface and subject to the maximum fixed label load, with a bending radius R = 2 mm and above. Figure 2 b shows a device without the necessary flexibility and elasticity, in which the bending radius R' in the "clamped" fixed position, closest to the cylindrical surface, is much larger than the corresponding bending radius R of the claimed device (R'>>R). Figure 2 The device in b cannot be fixed tightly and reliably on the cylindrical surface 10, so that a gap 11 is formed.

[0127] Figure 3Shows an example of placing a device for recording temperatures exceeding a threshold, which has three thermosensitive materials, on a complex geometric element (concave surface) 10 with a radius of curvature R. The device is a label with a layered structure, including an adhesive layer 4 with a thickness of h0, an elastic substrate 1 with a thickness of h1, and a thermosensitive material 2 with a thickness of h2 applied to its front surface. The label is covered with a transparent elastic protective film 6 with a thickness of h3. In this case, the bending radius of the elastic substrate is R1 = R - h0, and the average bending radius of the transparent elastic protective layer is R2 = R - h0 - h1 - h2.

[0128] Figure 4 Figure a shows the layered structure of a device for recording temperatures exceeding a threshold. The device is a label with a layered structure 5, including an isolation film 3, an adhesive layer 4 with a thickness of h0, an elastic substrate 1 with a thickness of h1, and a thermosensitive material 2 with a thickness of h2 applied to its front surface. The label is covered with a transparent elastic protective film 6 with a thickness of h3. Figure 4 Figure a shows a specific embodiment with a black elastic substrate.

[0129] Figure 4 Figure b shows the layered structure of a device for recording temperatures exceeding a threshold. The device is a label with a layered structure 5, including an isolation film 3, an adhesive layer 4 with a thickness of h0, an elastic substrate 1 with a thickness of h1 and having reflective properties. The front surface of the substrate is coated with a coating 7 (black in a specific case) in the area of the thermosensitive material, and a thermosensitive material 2 with a thickness of h2 is applied to its front surface. The label is covered with a transparent elastic protective film 6 with a thickness of h3.

[0130] Figure 5 Shows a device, which is a substrate 1, with a thermosensitive material 2 applied to its front surface and covered with a protective film 6. However, the device does not have the necessary flexibility and elasticity and is placed on a surface 10 whose linear dimensions change. Figure 5 Figure a shows the situation where the device is tightly attached to a surface 10 with a length of L before the surface 10 is stretched. Figure 5 Figure b shows the situation where, due to the surface being stretched to a length L' > L, the device starts to peel off from the surface 10 and a gap 11 is formed.

[0131] Figure 6 Shows the front surface of a device for recording temperatures exceeding a threshold. The device is a label with a layered structure, including an elastic substrate 1 and a thermosensitive material 2 applied to its front surface: the initial state before heating (a) and after heating to the threshold temperature of the thermosensitive material (b). Figure 6 Shows a specific embodiment of the device, where text 8 indicating the recorded threshold temperature is printed on the elastic substrate in the area of the thermosensitive material. The elastic substrate 1 is yellow and is painted black 7 in the area of the thermosensitive material.

[0132] Figure 7 Shows the layered structure of the part of the device for recording temperatures above the threshold placed on the flat surface 10(a) and the element 10(b) with complex geometry. The device is a label with a layered structure including an elastic substrate 1 and a thermosensitive material 2 applied to its front side, which has a microstructure comprising a continuous solid-phase organic matter 12 and voids 13 filled with a gaseous phase.

[0133] Figure 8 Shows the front side of the device for recording temperatures above the threshold. The device is a label with a layered structure including an elastic substrate 1 and a thermosensitive material 2 applied to its front side. In the area on the front side of the elastic substrate where there is no thermosensitive material, there are printed texts indicating the recorded temperature 8 and the end date of the service life 9. Figure 8 Shows a specific embodiment with a black elastic substrate.

[0134] Figure 9 a - в show the front side of the device for recording temperatures above the threshold. The device is a label with a layered structure including an elastic substrate 1, additionally containing a substance 14 that reversibly changes color upon heating, and a thermosensitive material 2 applied to its front side: in the initial state before heating (a), after heating to the threshold temperature of the thermosensitive material 2 and the substance 14 that reversibly changes color upon heating (b), and after further cooling to below the threshold temperature of the thermosensitive material 2 and the substance 14 that reversibly changes color upon heating (в). Figure 9 г shows the layered structure of the device for recording temperatures above the threshold. The device is a label with a layered structure 5 including an isolation film 3, an adhesive layer 4, an elastic substrate 1 colored with a substance 14 that reversibly changes color upon heating. In a specific case, the elastic substrate is painted black and a thermosensitive material 2 is applied to its front side. The label is covered with a transparent elastic protective film 6. Figure 9 Shows a specific embodiment of the device, where on the elastic substrate in the area without the thermosensitive material 2, there is printed a text 8 indicating the recorded threshold temperature.

[0135] Figure 10Shows the layered structure of the device part for recording temperatures above the threshold before (a) and after (b) being placed on a complex geometric element 10 with a radius of curvature R. The device is a label with a layered structure including an adhesive layer 4 with a thickness of h0, an elastic substrate 1 with a thickness of h1, and a thermosensitive material 2 with a thickness of h2 applied to its front surface. The label is covered with a transparent elastic protective film 6 with a thickness of h3. Before being fixed to the curved surface, the length of the label substrate is L - the length of the label substrate, the length of the thermosensitive material layer is L - the length of the thermosensitive material layer, and the length of the protective film is L - the length of the thermosensitive material layer. If the surface 10 has a radius of curvature R, the bending radius of the elastic substrate 1 is R1 = R + h0, the bending radius of the thermosensitive material 2 is R2 = R + h0 + h1, and the average bending radius of the transparent elastic protective layer 6 is R3 = R + h0 + h1 + h2. Then, when the device is closely attached to the surface with a radius of curvature R, the length of the outer surface of the substrate after pasting L - the basic length of the label = L - the basic length of the label * R1 / R, the length of the outer surface of the thermosensitive material layer after pasting the label L - the outer surface length of the thermosensitive material layer = L - the outer surface length of the thermosensitive material layer * R2 / R, and the maximum length of the outer surface of the protective film after pasting the label L' - the length of the protective film = L - the length of the protective film * R3 / R.

[0136] Figure 11 Shows the front view of the device for recording temperatures above the threshold. The device is a label, including an elastic substrate 1 and a thermosensitive material 2 applied to its front surface. Before heating (a) and after partial heating of the thermosensitive material area (b), the transparency of the material changes only in the heated area 15, while the rest of the area 16 remains in its initial state.

[0137] Figure 12 Shows the microstructure of the thermosensitive material 2 with solid organic matter particles 12 and voids 13 in the form of scales and their aggregates before heating (12a) and after heating above the threshold temperature, with a reduced void ratio, an increased apparent density, and the particles fused and losing their initial shape in the thermosensitive material 2 (12b).

[0138] Figure 13 a shows the layered structure when the device for recording temperatures above the threshold is placed on a wavy surface with a radius of curvature R of a single curved element. The device is a label with a layered structure including an elastic substrate 1, a black coating 7 applied to its front surface, a thermosensitive material 2 applied to the coating, and a transparent elastic protective film 6 covering the front of the label. Figure 13 b shows a top view of the device for recording temperatures above the threshold in its initial state, where the thermosensitive material 2 is white; Figure 13Figure в shows a top view of the device after the threshold temperature has been exceeded, along with the irreversible change in the transparency of the thermosensitive material 2 relative to its initial state and the revelation of the color of the underlying substrate.

[0139] Figure 14 Figures a-г show the front of a device for recording temperatures exceeding the threshold. The device is a label with a layered structure that includes an elastic substrate 1, an additional substance 17 that irreversibly changes color when heated, and a thermosensitive material 2 applied to its front: the initial state before heating (a), after heating to the threshold temperature (T1) of the substance 17 that irreversibly changes color when heated (b), after heating to the threshold temperature (Т2) of the thermosensitive material 2 (c), and after further cooling to below the threshold temperature of the substance 17 that irreversibly changes color when heated (d). Figure 14 Figure д shows the layered structure of a device for recording temperatures exceeding the threshold. The device is a label with a layered structure 5 that includes an isolating film 3, an adhesive layer 4, an elastic substrate 1 colored with a substance 17 that irreversibly changes color when heated. In certain cases, the elastic substrate is painted red, the thermosensitive material 2 is applied to its front, and the front of the substrate is coated with a paint 7 (black in certain cases) in the area of the thermosensitive material. The label is covered with a transparent elastic protective film 6. Detailed implementation

[0140] General manufacturing technology of the device.

[0141] As the adhesive layer, acrylic adhesives, styrene adhesives, or polyurethane adhesives can be specifically used. The adhesion of the adhesive to stainless steel at 20°C (measured by the FINAT TM1 method after 24 hours) exceeds 10 N / 25 mm. The manufacturing and use scenarios of the claimed device will be discussed below using an acrylic adhesive as an example.

[0142] As the elastic substrate of the claimed device, a halogen-containing polymer substrate can be used, especially a copolymer containing vinyl chloride, namely: C-15 copolymer (copolymer of vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate), ВХВД-40 copolymer (copolymer of vinyl chloride and vinylidene chloride), polyvinyl chloride (PVC) film and cast PVC film, polyvinylidene fluoride film PVDF, film made of fluoroplastic М-40, as well as polyester film with 6.5% hexabromocyclododecane added or polyester film modified with 15% trichloroisopropyl phosphate, preferably with a thickness not exceeding 0.7 mm.

[0143] The film ensures a minimum bending radius of 2 mm or more, a breaking elongation rate ranging from 10% to up to 100%, has dielectric properties and flame resistance, can be stretched longitudinally and transversely by 10% (relative to the initial dimensions), and can be mounted on a surface with a minimum curvature radius of 2 mm.

[0144] The substrate thickness does not exceed 0.7 mm, which ensures that for each thermosensitive material, when heated to a temperature higher than the corresponding composition threshold temperature, its response time is less than 5 seconds. This also improves the safe operation of the controlled device, because it allows the corresponding thermosensitive material to be heated during a short-term overheat during peak load and completely transformed into a molten state within no more than 5 seconds, resulting in an "opaque - transparent" color change and revealing the color of the underlying substrate, while ensuring the necessary heat dissipation when the working device is air-cooled.

[0145] In certain embodiments, the substrate can have reflective properties or can be colored with substances having luminescent properties to increase the visibility of the device itself and the fact of its triggering, which helps to further improve the safety of device operation. In some cases, the substrate can be colored with substances that can irreversibly change color when heated. There are additional substances that can irreversibly change color when heated to a temperature lower than the threshold temperature of the main thermosensitive material (especially 10 - 30 °C lower), which can detect overheating of the device not reaching the maximum allowable value, thus ensuring the prevention of the occurrence of emergency defects.

[0146] In addition, the substrate can be colored with substances that can reversibly change color when heated. For example, a thermosensitive coating with the above properties can be applied on the front side. Substances that can reversibly change color when heated can not only inform personnel about past situations of exceeding the threshold temperature but also about overheating during inspection.

[0147] As the protective film, a halogen-containing polymer can also be used, especially a PVC film, or a polyurethane film modified with 15% trichloroisopropyl phosphate. However, it should be noted that if used as a protective film, they must be at least partially transparent to visible light.

[0148] Preparation of the thermosensitive material.

[0149] An organic compound with a structure containing C n H (2n+1) (where n > 5) segments, such as palmitic acid, stearic acid, behenic acid, tetracosane, erucamide, stearyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, polyethylene, wax, paraffin, saturated fatty acid salts of rare earth metals (especially lanthanum, yttrium, ytterbium, scandium, etc.) or mixtures thereof, whose melting temperature differs from the corresponding threshold temperature shown on the label by no more than 5 °C, is ground in a ball mill to a size of 2 - 3 microns, and a solution of a diluent or binder in the diluent is added successively and stirred until homogeneous. As the diluent, for example, water, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, ethylene glycol, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, acetonitrile, etc., or mixtures thereof can be used. The prepared suspension is immediately used for coating. In a preferred embodiment, the content of the solid organic compound in the thermosensitive material is 70 mass percent.

[0150] In some cases, the thermosensitive material additionally contains a polymer binder that is at least partially transparent to visible light and has a phase transition temperature higher than that of the solid organic matter. Preferably, the content of the polymer binder in the thermosensitive material is 1-30 mass percent.

[0151] In some cases, the transparent polymer binder is selected from phenolic resins, butyl methacrylate resins, melamine formaldehyde resins, polyvinyl butyral, polybutyl methacrylate, polyisobutyl methacrylate, polybutyl acrylate, phenoxy resins, polystyrene-acrylic emulsions, polyolefins, polystyrene, polyacrylates, polyethersulfones, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethersulfone, polyisoprene, polypropylene, polybutadiene, polyisobutene, polyvinyl acetate, polymethacrylates, ethyl cellulose, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polycarbonate, polycaprolactone, polyethylene terephthalate resin, polybutylene terephthalate resin, polyamide resin, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyethers, polyester resins, hydroxyethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, nitrocellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, gelatin, agar, casein, gum arabic, polyvinyl alcohol, poly(ethylene oxide) or mixtures thereof.

[0152] The organic matter is selected such that it melts when reaching a threshold temperature (within a range not exceeding 5 °C) and undergoes an "opaque - transparent" visual transition.

[0153] In various embodiments, the organic matter constituting the thermosensitive material is selected such that the threshold temperature can be selected from the range of 50 °C to 210 °C. In certain cases, the temperature threshold is selected from the following group: 50 °C, 55 °C, 60 °C, 70 °C, 80 °C, 90 °C, 100 °C, 110 °C, 120 °C, 130 °C, 140 °C, 150 °C.

[0154] Information about the threshold temperature is printed on the front of the device. In some cases, in addition to the threshold temperature, information about the end-of-life date is also printed. In one embodiment, a mark containing color, letter, number, or alphanumeric marking information is printed. The thermosensitive composition is coated in several layers by screen printing until a uniform opaque coating with a thickness of up to 0.8 mm is obtained. After each coating, the layer is dried in air, or in an oven at a constant temperature not higher than the threshold temperature, or in a vacuum until all volatile components are completely removed and the necessary microstructure is formed.

[0155] The thermosensitive material obtained by this method consists of two continuous phases: a solid phase and a gas phase. At this time, the obtained thermosensitive material is at least opaque to part of the visible light in the initial state, and when heated above the corresponding threshold temperature, the microstructure of the thermosensitive material undergoes irreversible changes, accompanied by the fusion of solid organic matter particles, the reduction of the void ratio, and the increase of its transparency, thus revealing the color of the substrate. And during the subsequent cooling process, the transparency of the thermosensitive material does not return to the initial value.

[0156] In a preferred embodiment, the thermosensitive material can record local overheating of the surface by the color change of only the part of the thermosensitive material heated above the threshold temperature, while maintaining the initial color of the part of the thermosensitive material not heated above the threshold temperature.

[0157] According to the properties of the solid organic matter, the morphology of the obtained solid organic matter particles can be particles, crystals, fibers, scales or aggregates of the particles.

[0158] After applying the thermosensitive material, the device is covered with an elastic protective film that is at least transparent to part of the visible light. This protective film protects the device from the external environment, humidity, ultraviolet radiation and mechanical damage, extends the service life of the device, and prevents the thermosensitive material from flowing during the phase change process. Therefore, the device can record the situation where the conductive element exceeds the threshold temperature in the open air.

[0159] In certain cases, the elastic substrate 1 can be colored for additional phase marking of cables, installation wires, wire harnesses and other components of electrical equipment. The color of the substrate is selected according to ГОСТ28763-90, which specifically stipulates the color marking in the field of electrical technology. The color of the elastic substrate 1 does not affect the visual recording of the surface of the device exceeding the threshold temperature, but ensures the marking of the device necessary for improving the overall safe operation of the device.

[0160] In addition, in certain cases, on the flexible substrate, in the thermosensitive material area, before applying the thermosensitive material, dyes can be applied, including black dyes. In one embodiment, at least 70% of the substrate area covered by the thermosensitive material is painted black.

[0161] The area of the thermosensitive material can account for 3% to 97% of the front area of the substrate, preferably not less than 30% of the front area of the substrate. In certain cases, the surface area of the substrate covered by the thermosensitive material is not less than 100 square millimeters, which makes it possible to detect the triggered device from a distance and detect the spot heating of the large surface of the device.

[0162] The device operates as follows:

[0163] On the surface of a device element that requires temperature control, including surfaces of elements with a radius of curvature of 2 mm or more, a recording device (with the release film 3 previously removed from the adhesive layer 4) is installed through the adhesive layer 4. The recording device is a label with a layered structure 5, including an adhesive layer 4, an elastic substrate 1, a thermosensitive material 2 applied to its front surface (which is opaque in its initial state and before heating to the corresponding threshold temperature and achieving a specified accuracy), and a transparent protective film 6. Before the surface of the device located under the thermosensitive material is heated to the threshold temperature and reaches the specified accuracy, the thermosensitive material 2 remains opaque, thus maintaining the initial appearance of the device. When the threshold temperature is reached and the declared accuracy is achieved, the thermosensitive material 2 undergoes a phase change and changes its transparency, revealing the color of the elastic substrate 1 under the thermosensitive material. After the surface of the device subsequently cools, the triggered area of the thermosensitive material remains transparent, and the appearance of the device does not return to its initial state. In this application, the temperature threshold is recorded within a range of 5 °C.

[0164] The value 8 of the threshold temperature is printed on the front surface of the elastic substrate. In some cases, the value of the threshold temperature can be printed in an area without the thermosensitive material 2 but close to it, or on the substrate under the thermosensitive material 2. In the latter case, after the thermosensitive material melts, the color of the substrate and the value of the threshold temperature will be revealed.

[0165] Therefore, when the surface temperature exceeds the threshold temperature, the person in charge of the device can record the fact of overheating of the surface of the electrical device element with a specified accuracy by using the temperature value printed on the front surface of the device without the need for additional devices.

[0166] In some embodiments of the utility model, a "white - black" color transition is achieved by using an elastic substrate 1 that is painted black 7 in the area covered by the thermosensitive material 2 (white in its initial state). When the threshold temperature is reached and the declared accuracy is achieved, the thermosensitive material 2 undergoes a phase change and becomes transparent, making the black color of the painted area 7 visible, thus resulting in a color transition with the maximum possible contrast and ensuring greater visibility of the triggered device.

[0167] The following are the preferred embodiments of the claimed device, which are exemplary and do not limit the scope of protection claimed in any way.

[0168] Example

[0169] Example 1. General manufacturing technique of the device

[0170] Preparation of the thermosensitive material: Grind 100 grams of an organic substance with a phase transition temperature corresponding to the recording threshold temperature within a range of 5 °C to a size of 2 - 3 microns, and sequentially add 300 grams of a 3 - 33% adhesive solution in water, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, ethylene glycol, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, acetonitrile, or a mixture thereof, and stir until homogeneous. The suspension is immediately used for coating the composition.

[0171] For the examples, as a possible implementation of the device, halogen-containing polymer films of various colors were selected, which have flame resistance, an electrical strength of not less than 5 kV / mm, and flexibility and strength that allow them to be placed on uneven surfaces with complex geometries. The adhesive layer of the selected film provides an average adhesion force of 10 N / 25 mm at 20 °C (FINAT TM 1, after 24 hours, stainless steel). For the examples, an acrylic adhesive was used.

[0172] On the substrate with the adhesive layer, a pattern containing the value of the trigger threshold temperature (in degrees Celsius) was printed using a solvent-based dye. The thermosensitive composition was applied in 5 - 7 layers by screen printing. Between two applications, the composition was dried in a vacuum chamber at 100 mmHg and 20 °C for at least one hour, or in an oven at a constant temperature not higher than the trigger temperature of the composition for at least three hours, or at room temperature for 24 hours. In the initial state, the thermosensitive material is white. The device was covered with a transparent sticky elastic protective film.

[0173] Example 2.

[0174] As the organic substance for preparing the thermosensitive material according to Example 1, tetracosane with a phase transition temperature of 50 °C was used, polycaprolactone was used as the adhesive, and methanol was used as the solvent. The suspension was applied to a black Oramask 831 PVC film with an adhesive layer by screen printing as described in Example 1, the thickness of which without the adhesive layer is 0.5 mm, where the numerical value of the threshold temperature was applied in the area without the thermosensitive material. The number of layers of the thermosensitive material is 7 layers, and between two applications, the composition was dried in a vacuum chamber at 100 mmHg and 20 °C for one hour. The thickness of the thermosensitive material layer is 0.6 mm, and its area accounts for 30% of the front area of the label. The device was covered with a transparent protective film made of PVC with a thickness of 0.05 mm.

[0175] At room temperature, the device was pasted onto a wavy surface with a curvature radius R = 2 mm of a single bending element ( Figure 13 a), and then it was controllably heated to 50 °C at a rate of 1 °C / second with a specified accuracy, and the triggering of the device was recorded by visually observing the increase in the transparency of the thermosensitive material and the revelation of the substrate color. The time for the phase change and the change in the transparency of the thermosensitive material was 2 seconds. After cooling the device to room temperature, it was visually observed that the thermosensitive material remained transparent. During the heating and cooling processes, it was observed that the device remained tightly fixed on the wavy surface of the heating element without peeling.

[0176] Example 3.

[0177] As the organic substance for preparing the thermosensitive material according to Example 1, ytterbium octanoate with a phase transition temperature of 60 °C was used. As the binder, polyvinyl butyral was used. As the solvent, a mixture of methanol and ethylene glycol methyl ether (50 / 50 by volume) was used. The suspension was applied to a red M-40 fluoroplastic film with an adhesive layer by screen printing. The thickness of the film without the adhesive layer was 0.7 mm. The method was as described in Example 1, where the value of the threshold temperature was applied to the thermosensitive material area (before application), and information about the service life was applied to the area without the thermosensitive material. The number of layers of the thermosensitive material was 7 layers. Between two applications, the composition was dried in a thermostat at 40 °C for three hours. The thickness of the thermosensitive material layer was 0.8 mm, and its area accounted for 97% of the front area of the label. The device was covered with a transparent protective film made of PVC with a thickness of 0.15 mm.

[0178] At room temperature, the device was pasted onto a wavy surface with a curvature radius R = 2 mm of a single bending element ( Figure 13 a), and then it was controllably heated to 60 °C at a rate of 1 °C / s and reached the specified accuracy. The triggering of the device was recorded by visually observing the increase in the transparency of the thermosensitive material and the revealing of the substrate color. The time for the phase transition and the change in the transparency of the thermosensitive material was 4 s. After cooling the device to room temperature, the thermosensitive material was visually observed to remain transparent. During heating and cooling, it was observed that the device remained tightly fixed on the wavy surface of the heating element without peeling.

[0179] Example 4.

[0180] As the organic substance for preparing the thermosensitive material according to Example 1, eicosanoic acid with a phase transition temperature of 70 °C was used. As the binder, melamine formaldehyde resin was used. As the solvent, a mixture of methanol and isobutanol (90 / 10 by volume) was used. The suspension was applied to a red copolymer film of vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate with an adhesive layer by screen printing. The thickness of the film without the adhesive layer was 0.2 mm. The method was as described in Example 1, where the value of the threshold temperature and black paint were applied to the thermosensitive material area (before application). The number of layers of the thermosensitive material was 5 layers. Between two applications, the composition was dried at room temperature for 24 hours. The thickness of the thermosensitive material layer was 0.2 mm, and its area accounted for 70% of the front area of the label. The device was covered with a transparent protective film made of polyurethane modified with 15% trichloroisopropyl phosphate with a thickness of 0.15 mm.

[0181] At room temperature, the device was pasted onto a wavy surface with a curvature radius R = 2 mm of a single bending element ( Figure 13a), and then it was controllably heated to 70 °C at a rate of 1 °C per second and reached the specified accuracy, and the triggering of the device was recorded by visually observing the increase in the transparency of the thermosensitive material and the revealing of the substrate color. The time for the phase change and the change in the transparency of the thermosensitive material was 1 second. After cooling the device to room temperature, the thermosensitive material was visually observed to remain transparent. During the heating and cooling processes, it was observed that the device remained tightly fixed on the wavy surface of the heating element and did not peel off.

[0182] Example 5.

[0183] As the organic matter for preparing the thermosensitive material according to Example 1, dioctyl phosphinic acid with a phase transition temperature of 80 °C was used, polyvinyl butyral was used as the binder, and ethanol was used as the solvent. The suspension was applied to a green film made of a copolymer of vinyl chloride and vinylidene chloride, having a reflective property and an adhesive layer, with a thickness of 0.35 mm without the adhesive layer, by the screen printing method as described in Example 1, where the numerical value of the threshold temperature and black paint were applied in the thermosensitive material area (before application). The number of layers of the thermosensitive material was 5 layers, and between two applications, the composition was dried in a vacuum chamber at 100 mmHg and 20 °C for one hour. The thickness of the thermosensitive material layer was 0.4 mm, and its area accounted for 3% of the front area of the label. The device was covered with a transparent protective film made of PVC with a thickness of 0.15 mm.

[0184] At room temperature, the device was pasted onto the wavy surface of a single bending element with a radius of curvature R = 2 mm ( Figure 13 a), and then it was controllably heated to 80 °C at a rate of 1 °C per second and reached the specified accuracy, and the triggering of the device was recorded by visually observing the increase in the transparency of the thermosensitive material and the revealing of the substrate color. The time for the phase change and the change in the transparency of the thermosensitive material was 2 seconds. After cooling the device to room temperature, the thermosensitive material was visually observed to remain transparent. During the heating and cooling processes, it was observed that the device remained tightly fixed on the wavy surface of the heating element and did not peel off.

[0185] Example 6.

[0186] As the organic substance for preparing the thermosensitive material according to Example 1, yttrium behenate with a phase transition temperature of 90 °C was used. As the binder, polybutyl methacrylate was used, and as the solvent, ethanol was used. The suspension was applied to a polyvinylidene fluoride film colored with an orange paint having luminescent properties by screen printing. The film had an adhesive layer and a thickness of 0.15 mm without the adhesive layer. The method was as described in Example 1, where the value of the threshold temperature and a black paint were applied in the thermosensitive material area (before application). The number of layers of the thermosensitive material was 5 layers. Between two applications, the composition was dried in an incubator at 70 °C for three hours. The thickness of the thermosensitive material layer was 0.2 mm, and its area accounted for 30% of the front area of the label. The device was covered with a transparent protective film made of PVC with a thickness of 0.05 mm.

[0187] At room temperature, the device was pasted onto a wavy surface with a radius of curvature R = 2 mm of a single bending element ( Figure 13 a), and then it was controllably heated to 90 °C at a rate of 1 °C / second and reached the specified accuracy. The triggering of the device was recorded by visually observing an increase in the transparency of the thermosensitive material and the revelation of the substrate color. The time for the phase transition and the change in the transparency of the thermosensitive material was 4 seconds. After cooling the device to room temperature, it was visually observed that the thermosensitive material remained transparent. During heating and cooling, it was observed that the device remained tightly fixed on the wavy surface of the heating element without peeling.

[0188] Example 7.

[0189] As the organic substance for preparing the thermosensitive material according to Example 1, lanthanum palmitate with a phase transition temperature of 100 °C was used. As the binder, gelatin was used, and as the solvent, isopropanol was used. The suspension was applied to a yellow polyester film modified with 6.5% hexabromocyclododecane and having an adhesive layer by screen printing. The film had a thickness of 0.3 mm without the adhesive layer. The method was as described in Example 1, where the value of the threshold temperature and a black paint were applied in the thermosensitive material area (before application). The number of layers of the thermosensitive material was 6 layers. Between two applications, the composition was dried at room temperature for 24 hours. The thickness of the thermosensitive material layer was 0.5 mm, and its area accounted for 30% of the front area of the label. The device was covered with a transparent protective film made of PVC with a thickness of 0.05 mm.

[0190] At room temperature, the device was pasted onto a wavy surface with a radius of curvature R = 2 mm of a single bending element ( Figure 13a), and then it was controllably heated at a rate of 1 °C per second to 100 °C with a specified accuracy, and the triggering of the device was recorded by visually observing the increase in the transparency of the thermosensitive material and the revelation of the substrate color. The time for the phase change and the change in the transparency of the thermosensitive material was 2 seconds. After cooling the device to room temperature, the thermosensitive material was visually observed to remain transparent. During the heating and cooling processes, it was observed that the device remained tightly fixed on the wavy surface of the heating element without peeling.

[0191] Example 8.

[0192] As the organic substance for preparing the thermosensitive material according to Example 1, lanthanum nonadecanoate with a phase transition temperature of 110 °C was used, phenoxy resin was used as the binder, and ethylene glycol was used as the solvent. The suspension was applied to a black Oramask 831 PVC film with an adhesive layer by screen printing. The thickness of the film without the adhesive layer was 0.5 mm, and the method was as described in Example 1, where the value of the threshold temperature was applied in the area without the thermosensitive material. The number of layers of the thermosensitive material was 6 layers. Between two applications, the composition was dried in a vacuum chamber at 100 mmHg and 20 °C for one hour. The thickness of the thermosensitive material layer was 0.5 mm, and its area accounted for 70% of the front area of the label. The device was covered with a transparent protective film made of PVC with a thickness of 0.1 mm.

[0193] At room temperature, the device was pasted onto the wavy surface of a single curved element with a radius of curvature R = 2 mm ( Figure 13 a), and then it was controllably heated at a rate of 1 °C per second to 110 °C with a specified accuracy, and the triggering of the device was recorded by visually observing the increase in the transparency of the thermosensitive material and the revelation of the substrate color. The time for the phase change and the change in the transparency of the thermosensitive material was 2 seconds. After cooling the device to room temperature, the thermosensitive material was visually observed to remain transparent. During the heating and cooling processes, it was observed that the device remained tightly fixed on the wavy surface of the heating element without peeling.

[0194] Example 9.

[0195] As the organic substance for preparing the thermosensitive material according to Example 1, lanthanum hexanoate with a phase transition temperature of 120 °C was used, polyethylene was used as the binder, and ethanol was used as the solvent. The suspension was applied to a black Oramask 831 PVC film with an adhesive layer by screen printing. The thickness of the film without the adhesive layer was 0.5 mm, and the method was as described in Example 1, where the value of the threshold temperature was applied in the area without the thermosensitive material. The number of layers of the thermosensitive material was 5 layers. Between two applications, the composition was dried in a thermostat at 60 °C for three hours. The thickness of the thermosensitive material layer was 0.35 mm, and its area accounted for 70% of the front area of the label. The device was covered with a transparent protective film made of PVC with a thickness of 0.15 mm.

[0196] At room temperature, the device was pasted onto a wavy surface with a radius of curvature R = 2 mm of a single bending element ( Figure 13 a), and then it was controllably heated to 120 °C at a rate of 1 °C / s and reached the specified accuracy, and the triggering of the device was recorded by visually observing the increase in the transparency of the thermosensitive material and the exposure of the substrate color. The time for the phase change and the change in the transparency of the thermosensitive material was 3 s. After cooling the device to room temperature, it was visually observed that the thermosensitive material remained transparent. During the heating and cooling processes, it was observed that the device remained tightly fixed on the wavy surface of the heating element without peeling.

[0197] Example 10.

[0198] As the organic substance for preparing the thermosensitive material according to Example 1, zinc nonadecanoate with a phase transition temperature of 130 °C was used, polycarbonate was used as the binder, and ethanol was used as the solvent. The suspension was applied to a black Oramask 831 PVC film with an adhesive layer by screen printing. The thickness of the film without the adhesive layer was 0.45 mm, and the method was as described in Example 1, where the numerical value of the threshold temperature was applied in the area without the thermosensitive material. The number of layers of the thermosensitive material was 5 layers, and the composition was dried at room temperature for 24 h between two applications. The thickness of the thermosensitive material layer was 0.4 mm, and its area accounted for 70% of the front area of the label. The device was covered with a transparent protective film made of PVC with a thickness of 0.02 mm.

[0199] At room temperature, the device was pasted onto a wavy surface with a radius of curvature R = 2 mm of a single bending element ( Figure 13 a), and then it was controllably heated to 130 °C at a rate of 1 °C / s and reached the specified accuracy, and the triggering of the device was recorded by visually observing the increase in the transparency of the thermosensitive material and the exposure of the substrate color. The time for the phase change and the change in the transparency of the thermosensitive material was 2 s. After cooling the device to room temperature, it was visually observed that the thermosensitive material remained transparent. During the heating and cooling processes, it was observed that the device remained tightly fixed on the wavy surface of the heating element without peeling.

[0200] Example 11.

[0201] As the organic substance for preparing the thermosensitive material according to Example 1, zinc palmitate with a phase transition temperature of 140 °C was used. As the binder, nitrocellulose was used, and as the solvent, ethanol was used. The suspension was applied to a black Oramask 831 PVC film with an adhesive layer by screen printing. The thickness of the film without the adhesive layer was 0.4 mm. The method was as described in Example 1, where the value of the threshold temperature was applied in the area without the thermosensitive material. The number of layers of the thermosensitive material was 6. Between two applications, the composition was dried in a vacuum chamber at 100 mmHg and 20 °C for one hour. The thickness of the thermosensitive material layer was 0.45 mm, and its area accounted for 70% of the front area of the label. The device was covered with a transparent protective film made of PVC with a thickness of 0.03 mm.

[0202] At room temperature, the device was pasted onto a wavy surface with a curvature radius R = 2 mm of a single bending element ( Figure 13 a), and then it was controllably heated to 140 °C at a rate of 1 °C / s and reached the specified accuracy. The triggering of the device was recorded by visually observing the increase in the transparency of the thermosensitive material and the revelation of the substrate color. The time for the phase transition and the change in the transparency of the thermosensitive material was 1 s. After cooling the device to room temperature, the thermosensitive material was visually observed to remain transparent. During the heating and cooling processes, it was observed that the device remained tightly fixed on the wavy surface of the heating element without peeling.

[0203] Example 12.

[0204] As the organic substance for preparing the thermosensitive material according to Example 1, zinc hexanoate with a phase transition temperature of 150 °C was used. As the binder, polyvinylidene fluoride was used, and as the solvent, ethanol was used. The suspension was applied to a black Oramask 831 PVC film with an adhesive layer by screen printing. The thickness of the film without the adhesive layer was 0.2 mm. The method was as described in Example 1, where the value of the threshold temperature was applied in the area without the thermosensitive material. The number of layers of the thermosensitive material was 5. Between two applications, the composition was dried in a thermostat at 60 °C for three hours. The thickness of the thermosensitive material layer was 0.3 mm, and its area accounted for 70% of the front area of the label. The device was covered with a transparent protective film made of PVC with a thickness of 0.15 mm.

[0205] At room temperature, the device was pasted onto a wavy surface with a curvature radius R = 2 mm of a single bending element ( Figure 13a), and then it was controllably heated at a rate of 1 °C per second to 150 °C and the specified accuracy was achieved, and the triggering of the device was recorded by visually observing the increase in the transparency of the thermosensitive material and the revealing of the substrate color. The time for the phase change and the change in the transparency of the thermosensitive material was 1 second. After cooling the device to room temperature, the thermosensitive material was visually observed to remain transparent. During the heating and cooling processes, it was observed that the device remained tightly fixed on the wavy surface of the heating element and did not peel off.

[0206] Example 13.

[0207] As the organic substance for preparing the thermosensitive material according to Example 1, lithium stearate with a phase transition temperature of 210 °C was used, polybutyl acrylate was used as the binder, and ethanol was used as the solvent. The suspension was applied to a black Oramask 831 PVC film with an adhesive layer by screen printing. The thickness of the film without the adhesive layer was 0.15 mm, and the method was as described in Example 1, where the value of the threshold temperature was applied in the area without the thermosensitive material. The number of layers of the thermosensitive material was 5 layers. Between two applications, the composition was dried at room temperature for 24 hours. The thickness of the thermosensitive material layer was 0.4 mm, and its area accounted for 70% of the front area of the label. The device was covered with a transparent protective film made of PVC with a thickness of 0.1 mm.

[0208] At room temperature, the device was pasted onto the wavy surface of a single bending element with a radius of curvature R = 2 mm ( Figure 13 a), and then it was controllably heated at a rate of 1 °C per second to 210 °C and the specified accuracy was achieved, and the triggering of the device was recorded by visually observing the increase in the transparency of the thermosensitive material and the revealing of the substrate color. The time for the phase change and the change in the transparency of the thermosensitive material was 1 second. After cooling the device to room temperature, the thermosensitive material was visually observed to remain transparent. During the heating and cooling processes, it was observed that the device remained tightly fixed on the wavy surface of the heating element and did not peel off.

[0209] Example 14.

[0210] As the organic substance for preparing the thermosensitive material according to Example 1, yttrium hexanoate with a phase transition temperature of 55 °C was used, polyethersulfone was used as the binder, and ethanol was used as the solvent. The suspension was applied to a black Oramask 831 PVC film with an adhesive layer by screen printing. The thickness of the film without the adhesive layer was 0.25 mm, and the method was as described in Example 1, where the value of the threshold temperature was applied in the area without the thermosensitive material. The number of layers of the thermosensitive material was 5 layers. Between two applications, the composition was dried in a vacuum chamber at 100 mmHg and 20 °C for one hour. The thickness of the thermosensitive material layer was 0.25 mm, and its area accounted for 70% of the front area of the label. The device was covered with a transparent protective film made of PVC with a thickness of 0.15 mm.

[0211] At room temperature, the device was pasted onto a wavy surface with a radius of curvature R = 2 mm of a single bending element ( Figure 13 a), and then it was controllably heated to 55 °C at a rate of 1 °C / s and reached the specified accuracy. The triggering of the device was recorded by visually observing the increase in the transparency of the thermosensitive material and the revelation of the substrate color. The time for the phase change and the change in the transparency of the thermosensitive material was 3 s. After the device was cooled to room temperature, the thermosensitive material was visually observed to remain transparent. During heating and cooling, it was observed that the device remained firmly fixed on the wavy surface of the heating element without peeling.

[0212] Example 15.

[0213] As the organic substance for preparing the thermosensitive material according to Example 1, cetyl-n-pentyl hydrogen phosphate with a phase transition temperature of 40 °C was used. As the binder, ethyl cellulose was used, and as the solvent, ethanol was used. The suspension was applied to a black Oramask 831 PVC film with an adhesive layer by screen printing. The thickness of the film without the adhesive layer was 0.15 mm. The method was as described in Example 1, where the numerical value of the threshold temperature was applied in the area without the thermosensitive material. The number of layers of the thermosensitive material was 5. Between two applications, the composition was dried in a vacuum chamber at 100 mmHg and 20 °C for one hour. The thickness of the thermosensitive material layer was 0.3 mm, and its area accounted for 70% of the front area of the label. The device was covered with a transparent protective film made of PVC with a thickness of 0.15 mm.

[0214] At room temperature, the device was pasted onto a wavy surface with a radius of curvature R = 2 mm of a single bending element ( Figure 13 a), and then it was controllably heated to 40 °C at a rate of 1 °C / s and reached the specified accuracy. The triggering of the device was recorded by visually observing the increase in the transparency of the thermosensitive material and the revelation of the substrate color. The time for the phase change and the change in the transparency of the thermosensitive material was less than 1 s. After the device was cooled to room temperature, the thermosensitive material was visually observed to remain transparent. During heating and cooling, it was observed that the device remained firmly fixed on the wavy surface of the heating element without peeling.

[0215] Example 16.

[0216] As the organic substance for preparing the thermosensitive material according to Example 1, palmitic anhydride with a phase transition temperature of 60 °C was used. As the binder, polymethacrylate was used, and as the solvent, ethanol was used. The suspension was applied to a black Oramask 831 PVC film with an adhesive layer by screen printing. The thickness of the film without the adhesive layer was 0.35 mm. The method was as described in Example 1, where the value of the threshold temperature was applied in the area without the thermosensitive material. The number of layers of the thermosensitive material was 6 layers. Between two applications, the composition was dried in a thermostat at 40 °C for three hours. The thickness of the thermosensitive material layer was 0.55 mm, and its area accounted for 70% of the front area of the label. The device was covered with a transparent protective film made of PVC with a thickness of 0.02 mm.

[0217] At room temperature, the device was pasted onto a wavy surface with a radius of curvature R = 2 mm of a single bending element ( Figure 13 a), and then it was controllably heated to 60 °C at a rate of 1 °C / second and reached the specified accuracy. The triggering of the device was recorded by visually observing the increase in the transparency of the thermosensitive material and the exposure of the substrate color. The time for the phase change and the change in the transparency of the thermosensitive material was 2 seconds. After cooling the device to room temperature, it was visually observed that the thermosensitive material remained transparent. During the heating and cooling processes, it was observed that the device remained tightly fixed on the wavy surface of the heating element and did not peel off.

[0218] Example 17.

[0219] As the organic substance for preparing the thermosensitive material according to Example 1, erucamide with a phase transition temperature of 80 °C was used. As the binder, polycarbonate was used, and as the solvent, ethanol was used. The suspension was applied to a black Oramask 831 PVC film with an adhesive layer by screen printing. The thickness of the film without the adhesive layer was 0.65 mm. The method was as described in Example 1, where the value of the threshold temperature was applied in the area without the thermosensitive material. The number of layers of the thermosensitive material was 7 layers. Between two applications, the composition was dried at room temperature for 24 hours. The thickness of the thermosensitive material layer was 0.75 mm, and its area accounted for 70% of the front area of the label. The device was covered with a transparent protective film made of PVC with a thickness of 0.03 mm.

[0220] At room temperature, the device was pasted onto a wavy surface with a radius of curvature R = 2 mm of a single bending element ( Figure 13 a), and then it was controllably heated to 80 °C at a rate of 1 °C / second and reached the specified accuracy. The triggering of the device was recorded by visually observing the increase in the transparency of the thermosensitive material and the exposure of the substrate color. The time for the phase change and the change in the transparency of the thermosensitive material was 4 seconds. After cooling the device to room temperature, it was visually observed that the thermosensitive material remained transparent. During the heating and cooling processes, it was observed that the device remained tightly fixed on the wavy surface of the heating element and did not peel off.

[0221] Example 17. (Should be 18, there is a numbering error here in the original text)

[0222] As the organic substance for preparing the thermosensitive material according to Example 1, 1-tetradecanol with a phase transition temperature of 40 °C was used, polybutyl acrylate was used as the binder, and ethanol was used as the solvent. The suspension was applied to a black neoprene self-adhesive film (siliconized substrate) with an adhesive layer by screen printing. The thickness of the film without the adhesive layer was 0.1 mm. The method was as described in Example 1, where the value of the threshold temperature was applied in the area without the thermosensitive material. The number of layers of the thermosensitive material was 5 layers. Between two applications, the composition was dried in a vacuum chamber at 100 mmHg and 20 °C for one hour. The thickness of the thermosensitive material layer was 0.15 mm, and its area accounted for 70% of the front area of the label. The device was covered with a transparent protective film made of PVC with a thickness of 0.05 mm.

[0223] At room temperature, the device was pasted onto a wavy surface with a radius of curvature R = 2 mm of a single bending element ( Figure 13 a), and then it was controllably heated to 40 °C at a rate of 1 °C / second and reached the specified accuracy. The triggering of the device was recorded by visually observing the increase in the transparency of the thermosensitive material and the revealing of the substrate color. The time for the phase change and the change in the transparency of the thermosensitive material was less than 1 second. After the device was cooled to room temperature, it was visually observed that the thermosensitive material remained transparent. During the heating and cooling processes, it was observed that the device remained tightly fixed on the wavy surface of the heating element without peeling.

[0224] Example 18. (Should be 19)

[0225] As the organic substance for preparing the thermosensitive material according to Example 1, docosanenitrile with a phase transition temperature of 55 °C was used, polymethylbutyl acrylate was used as the binder, and ethanol was used as the solvent. The suspension was applied to a black Oramask 831 PVC film with an adhesive layer by screen printing. The thickness of the film without the adhesive layer was 0.15 mm. The method was as described in Example 1, where the value of the threshold temperature was applied in the area without the thermosensitive material. The number of layers of the thermosensitive material was 5 layers. Between two applications, the composition was dried at room temperature for 24 hours. The thickness of the thermosensitive material layer was 0.25 mm, and its area accounted for 70% of the front area of the label. The device was covered with a transparent protective film made of PVC with a thickness of 0.15 mm.

[0226] At room temperature, the device was pasted onto a wavy surface with a radius of curvature R = 2 mm of a single bending element ( Figure 13a), and then it is controllably heated to 55 °C at a rate of 1 °C per second and reaches the specified accuracy. The triggering of the device is recorded by visually observing the increase in the transparency of the thermosensitive material and the revelation of the substrate color. The time for the phase change and the change in the transparency of the thermosensitive material is 1 second. After cooling the device to room temperature, it is visually observed that the thermosensitive material remains transparent. During the heating and cooling processes, it is observed that the device remains tightly fixed on the wavy surface of the heating element without peeling.

[0227] Example 19. (Should be 20)

[0228] As the organic matter for preparing the thermosensitive material according to Example 1, n-docosylamine with a phase change temperature of 65 °C was used. As the binder, polyvinyl butyral was used, and as the solvent, ethanol was used. The suspension was applied to a black OraJet 3106SG PVC film with an adhesive layer by screen printing. The thickness of the film without the adhesive layer is 0.55 mm. The method is as described in Example 1, where the numerical value of the threshold temperature was applied in the area without the thermosensitive material. The number of layers of the thermosensitive material is 7. Between two applications, the composition was dried in a vacuum chamber at 100 mmHg and 20 °C for one hour. The thickness of the thermosensitive material layer is 0.75 mm. The front size of the label is 1212 mm (area - 144 square mm), and the size of the thermosensitive material layer is 1010 mm (area - 100 square mm). The device was covered with a transparent protective film made of PVC with a thickness of 0.05 mm.

[0229] At room temperature, the device was mounted on the plane of the heating element. A part of the heating element was controllably heated to 65 °C at a rate of 1 °C per second and reached the specified accuracy, while the rest of the heating element was not heated. The triggering of the heated part of the device was recorded by visually observing the increase in the transparency of the corresponding thermosensitive material area and the revelation of the substrate color. After cooling the device to room temperature, it was visually observed that the corresponding thermosensitive material area remained transparent. Then the entire heating element was heated to 65 °C at a rate of 1 °C per second and reached the specified accuracy. The complete triggering of the device was recorded by visually observing the increase in the transparency of the entire thermosensitive material layer and the revelation of the substrate color. The time for the phase change and the change in the transparency of the thermosensitive material is 2 seconds. During the heating and cooling cycles, it was observed that the device remained tightly fixed on the wavy surface of the heating element without peeling.

[0230] Example 20. (Should be 21)

[0231] Cover the area on the black OraJet 3951 PVC film (with an adhesive layer) where the thermosensitive material is to be applied with a protective polyethylene film. Coat the uncovered area with a yellow pigment-based Tempilaq thermosensitive paint with a reversible color change temperature of 113 °C. After the paint dries, remove the protective polyethylene film and print the value of the threshold temperature on the surface of the substrate containing the thermosensitive paint using a solvent-based dye. The thickness of the substrate containing the thermosensitive paint is 0.45 mm. Then paste the protective polyethylene film on the area that should not come into contact with the thermosensitive material, and apply the thermosensitive composition in 7 layers by screen printing. After the layer is completely dry, remove the protective film. As the organic substance for preparing the thermosensitive material according to Example 1, lanthanum nonadecanoate with a phase change temperature of 110 °C was used. As the adhesive, butyl methacrylate resin was used, and as the solvent, ethanol was used. The number of layers of the thermosensitive material is 6 layers. Between two applications, the composition was dried in a thermostat at 60 °C for three hours. The thickness of the thermosensitive material layer is 0.6 mm, and its area accounts for 70% of the front area of the label. Cover the device with a transparent elastic protective film made of PVC with a thickness of 0.05 mm.

[0232] At room temperature, paste the device onto a wavy surface with a radius of curvature R = 2 mm of a single bending element ( Figure 13 a), then controllably heat it to 115 °C at a rate of 1 °C / second and achieve the specified accuracy, and record the triggering (revealing the substrate color) of the thermosensitive material area of the device and the triggering (color change) of the thermosensitive paint. The time for the phase change and the change in transparency of the thermosensitive material is 1 second. After cooling the device to room temperature, it is visually observed that the thermosensitive material area remains transparent, and the color of the thermosensitive paint returns to the initial color. During the heating and cooling processes, it is observed that the device remains tightly fixed on the wavy surface of the heating element without peeling.

[0233] Example 21. (Should be 22)

[0234] Cover the area on the red Oramask 831 PVC film (with an adhesive layer) where the thermosensitive material is to be applied with a protective polyethylene film. Coat the uncovered area with a yellow pigmented Hallcrest SC thermosensitive paint with an irreversible discoloration temperature of 80 °C. After the paint dries, remove the protective polyethylene film and print the value of the threshold temperature on the surface of the substrate containing the thermosensitive paint using a solvent-based dye. The thickness of the substrate containing the thermosensitive paint is 0.55 mm. Then, paste the protective polyethylene film on the area that should not come into contact with the thermosensitive material, cover this area with a solvent-based black dye, and apply the thermosensitive composition in 6 layers by screen printing. After this layer is completely dry, remove the protective film. As the organic substance for preparing the thermosensitive material according to Example 1, zinc hexanoate with a phase change temperature of 150 °C was used, phenolic resin was used as the adhesive, and ethanol was used as the solvent. The number of layers of the thermosensitive material is 6 layers. Between two applications, the composition was dried in a vacuum chamber at 100 mmHg and 20 °C for one hour. The thickness of the thermosensitive material layer is 0.45 mm, and its area accounts for 30% of the front area of the label. Cover the device with a transparent elastic protective film made of PVC with a thickness of 0.15 mm.

[0235] At room temperature, paste the device onto a wavy surface with a radius of curvature R = 2 mm of a single bending element ( Figure 13 a), then controllably heat it to 80 °C at a rate of 1 °C / second and achieve the specified accuracy, and record the triggering (color change) of the thermosensitive paint. Then continue heating to 150 °C and record the triggering (revealing the substrate color) of the thermosensitive material area of the device. The time for the phase change and the change in transparency of the thermosensitive material is 2 seconds. After cooling the device to room temperature, it is visually observed that the thermosensitive material area remains transparent and the color change of the thermosensitive paint remains unchanged. During the heating and cooling processes, it is observed that the device remains firmly fixed on the wavy surface of the heating element without peeling.

[0236] Example 22. (Should be 23)

[0237] To determine the elongation at break, paste the devices manufactured according to Examples 2 - 21 onto a rubber sheet with a thickness of 1 cm, and its linear dimensions are 1 - 3 cm larger than the linear dimensions of the corresponding devices on each side. Each sample is tested as follows. Fix one end of the rubber sheet together with the device pasted on it firmly, and apply a force at the opposite end of the sheet and the device to stretch the sheet and the device to 10% of their corresponding initial dimensions and fix them in this position. Similarly, firmly fix one of the remaining free ends of the sheet and the device pasted on it, stretch the opposite end of the sheet and the device in a direction perpendicular to the initial stretching direction, and fix it in this position. At the same time, it is determined that each device manufactured according to Examples 2 - 21 is firmly pasted on the surface of the corresponding sheet.

[0238] Place the stretched plate and the device in a thermostat and controllably heat it to the corresponding threshold temperature at a rate of 0.1 °C per second. Record the full trigger of each test device when it reaches the threshold temperature and the specified accuracy. After cooling to room temperature, it is detected that the thermosensitive material on each test device remains transparent. After removing the stretching, the transparency of the thermosensitive material of each test device, as well as the integrity of the device itself and the thermosensitive material layer, remain unchanged.

[0239] The test results obtained demonstrate the achievement of the technical effect, which is to improve the operating safety of various devices (including electrical devices) by ensuring that the device can closely fit the surfaces of complex geometries and surfaces with a possible linear dimension increase of up to 10%, while maintaining the ability to accurately record temperatures exceeding the threshold temperature.

[0240] The present application has been disclosed with reference to specific embodiments. For those skilled in the art, other embodiments that do not change the essence of the utility model disclosed in this specification may be obvious. Therefore, the scope of the present application should not be limited to the description and examples given.

Claims

1. A device for recording temperatures exceeding a threshold value, which is an elastic label having a layered structure, characterized in that, Comprising: An adhesive layer; A colored elastic substrate containing no less than 5 mass percentage of halogen atoms, on which information including the recorded threshold temperature value is printed; A thermosensitive material applied to the front area of the substrate, which can achieve visual recording of overheating by undergoing an irreversible transparency change relative to the initial state when heated within the range of the threshold temperature shown on the label ±5 °C, and contains a solid organic compound having a structural fragment C n H (2n+1) where n > 5; An elastic transparent protective film that covers the front of the substrate and the thermosensitive material and is at least partially transparent to visible light, Wherein, after the device is installed on a cylindrical surface with a minimum radius of curvature of 2 mm and longitudinally and laterally stretched by 10% relative to the initial size, it can still maintain the function of visually recording overheating within the range of ±5°C of the threshold temperature shown on the label.

2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that Having dielectric properties, preferably having an electrical strength of not less than 5 kV / mm.

3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that The elastic substrate contains a polymer containing the structural unit -CH2CHCl-, preferably polyvinyl chloride, and most preferably cast polyvinyl chloride.

4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the elastic substrate is preferably not more than 0.7 mm, the thickness of the thermosensitive material is preferably 0.8 mm, and the thickness of the transparent elastic film is preferably 0.15 mm.

5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adhesion of the label to stainless steel measured by the FINAT TM1 method at 20 degrees Celsius is not less than 10 N / 25 mm.

6. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that The transparent elastic protective film is made of polyvinyl chloride, preferably cast polyvinyl chloride.

7. The device according to claim 1, wherein The elongation at break of the elastic substrate is not less than 10%, and the elongation at break of the elastic protective film is not less than 33%.

8. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thermosensitive material has a microstructure containing a continuous solid phase and voids filled with a gas phase in the initial state, and can irreversibly change its appearance by the destruction of the microstructure of the thermosensitive material when reaching the threshold temperature. This destruction is accompanied by the fusion of solid organic matter particles, the reduction of the void ratio, and the increase of its transparency, thereby revealing the color of the substrate.

9. The device according to claim 1, wherein The organic substances in the solid phase of the thermosensitive material are selected from the following groups: aliphatic acids containing a C n H (2n+1) structural fragment and n > 12; aliphatic acid salts containing a C n H (2n+1) structural fragment and n > 5; alkanes containing no less than 20 carbon atoms; dialkylphosphinic acids containing a C n H (2n+1) structural fragment and n > 5; aliphatic acid amides containing a C n H (2n+1) structural fragment and n > 5; aliphatic acid anhydrides containing a C n H (2n+1) structural fragment and n > 10; aliphatic alcohols containing a C n H (2n+1) structural fragment and n > 14; aliphatic amines containing a C n H (2n+1) structural fragment and n > 17; aliphatic acid nitriles containing a C n H (2n+1) structural fragment and n > 19.

10. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The organic matter in the solid phase of the thermosensitive material is selected from the following group: palmitic acid, stearic acid, behenic acid, tetracosane, erucamide, stearyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, polyethylene, wax, paraffin, saturated fatty acid salts of rare earth metals, where the rare earth metals are lanthanum, yttrium, ytterbium, and scandium.

11. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thermosensitive material contains a structural fragment C n H (2n+1) The solid organic matter or each substance group containing the structural fragment C n H (2n+1) has a mass content of not less than 50 mass percent, where n > 5 12. The device according to claim 1, wherein The thermosensitive material additionally contains a polymer adhesive with a content of 1 - 30 mass percentage that is at least partially transparent to visible light.

13. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thermosensitive material can change its transparency within 5 seconds after being heated to a temperature exceeding the threshold temperature.

14. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that The threshold temperature is selected from the range of 50 - 210°C, preferably 50°C, 55°C, 60°C, 70°C, 80°C, 90°C, 100°C, 110°C, 120°C, 130°C, 140°C, 150°C.

15. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The color of the elastic substrate or the text thereon can be used for marking electrical equipment components or color marking of phases.

16. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that The surface area of the substrate covered by the thermosensitive material is not less than 100 square millimeters.

17. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that It can record local overheating of the surface by only changing the color of the part of the thermosensitive material heated to a temperature exceeding the threshold temperature and maintaining the initial color of the part of the thermosensitive material not heated above the threshold temperature.

18. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thermosensitive material is white in the initial state, and when the transparency of the thermosensitive material changes, a white - black visual color change occurs on the surface of the corresponding part of the device.

19. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The elastic substrate has reflective properties.

20. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The substrate is colored with a substance having luminescent properties.

21. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The substrate is colored with a substance that can reversibly change its color when heated.

22. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The substrate is colored with a substance that can irreversibly change its color when heated.

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