Grading pulverizer and pulverizing method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a grading pulverizer and a pulverizing method thereof. The grading pulverizer comprises a feeding hopper, a first feeding port is formed in the top of the feeding hopper, a first discharging port is formed in the bottom of the feeding hopper, and a discharging pipe is connected to the first discharging port; a second feeding opening is formed in the bottom of the crushing chamber and communicates with the discharging pipe, a stepped crushing cutter is rotationally arranged on the lower portion in the crushing chamber, a grading wheel is rotationally arranged on the upper portion in the crushing chamber, and a second discharging opening is formed in the top of the crushing chamber; and the feed end of the cyclone collector is communicated with the second discharge port, and the discharge end of the cyclone collector is communicated with a fan. The stepped crushing cutters arranged in the crushing chamber can perform multi-stage cutting on to-be-crushed materials to small particle sizes, a pretreatment effect before airflow crushing is achieved, the collision frequency of the material particles with the small particle sizes in the crushing chamber is reduced, abrasion to components in the crushing chamber is effectively reduced, the components in the crushing chamber do not need to be frequently replaced, and the crushing efficiency is improved. And the production efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of material crushing equipment, and particularly relates to a classification crusher and a crushing method thereof. Background Art

[0002] The classification crushing technology can ensure that the particle size distribution of the final product is more uniform, meeting the requirements of industries with strict particle size requirements. As a device that uses the strong shear force and collision force generated by high-speed air flow to achieve the classification crushing of materials, the air flow crusher is widely used in industries such as chemical industry, medicine, food, and electronic materials, and is particularly suitable for the crushing of materials with high particle size requirements.

[0003] The working principle of the air flow crusher is as follows: After the material enters the crushing chamber of the crusher, the material particles not only collide with each other under the action of the high-speed air flow, but also collide with the inner wall of the crushing chamber. These collisions generate strong shear force and impact force, causing the material particles to gradually break. The crushed material is classified by a classification wheel, and the material that meets the particle size requirements is separated, while the coarser particles are returned to the crushing chamber for further crushing.

[0004] Although the air flow crusher can perform classification crushing on materials, the strong collision between the high-speed air flow and the materials will cause the components inside the crushing mechanism (such as nozzles, classification wheels, linings, etc.) to wear rapidly. Frequent replacement of worn components will increase the maintenance cost and equipment downtime, reducing production efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a classification crusher and a crushing method thereof to solve the problem of low production efficiency caused by the rapid wear of the components inside the existing crushing mechanism, which requires frequent replacement.

[0006] The present invention is implemented as follows: The present invention provides a classification crusher, including a feed hopper. The top of the feed hopper is provided with a first feed inlet, and the bottom is provided with a first discharge outlet. A discharge pipe is connected to the first discharge outlet. A crushing chamber, the bottom of which is provided with a second feed inlet. The second feed inlet is communicated with the discharge pipe. A stepped crushing knife is rotatably arranged in the lower part of the crushing chamber, and a classification wheel is rotatably arranged in the upper part of the crushing chamber. The top of the crushing chamber is provided with a second discharge outlet. A cyclone collector, the feed end of which is communicated with the second discharge outlet, and the discharge end is communicated with a fan.

[0007] Furthermore, the stepped crushing knife includes a knife shaft rotatably arranged in the crushing chamber. Along the axial direction of the knife shaft, a first crushing knife disc, a second crushing knife disc, and a third crushing knife disc are sequentially arranged from bottom to top. The diameters of the first crushing knife disc, the second crushing knife disc, and the third crushing knife disc gradually increase.

[0008] Further, a plurality of first cutting edges are circumferentially and uniformly arranged on the first crushing cutter head, a plurality of second cutting edges are circumferentially and uniformly arranged on the second crushing cutter head, and a plurality of third cutting edges are circumferentially and uniformly arranged on the third crushing cutter head. The first cutting edge, the second cutting edge, and the third cutting edge are all triangular structures.

[0009] Further, the number of the first cutting edges is equal to the number of the second cutting edges, the number of the third cutting edges is greater than the number of the first cutting edges, and the second cutting edges are staggered with both the first cutting edges and the third cutting edges.

[0010] Further, a linear vibrator is provided at the bottom of the discharge pipe. The linear vibrator is arranged close to the first discharge port, and a Venturi tube is provided on the connecting pipeline between the discharge pipe and the second feed port.

[0011] Further, a control valve is provided on the pipeline at the feed end of the Venturi tube, an air storage tank is communicated and provided at the air inlet end of the Venturi tube, and the discharge end of the Venturi tube is communicated with the second feed port.

[0012] Further, the air storage tank is communicated with the blower through a return air pipeline, and the air storage tank is communicated with the air inlet end of the Venturi tube through an air inlet pipeline.

[0013] Further, a pressure regulating valve is provided on the air inlet pipeline.

[0014] Further, a collection bucket is communicated and provided below the cyclone collector. The collection bucket is used for collecting the qualified finished products after crushing.

[0015] The present invention also provides a crushing method, which adopts the above-mentioned classification crusher and includes the following steps: S1. Start the linear vibrator, convey the material to be crushed in the feed hopper along the discharge pipe, open the pressure regulating valve, and the material to be crushed enters the crushing chamber through the Venturi tube under the action of the air flow. S2. The stepped crushing cutter rotates to perform multi-stage crushing on the material to be crushed entering the crushing chamber. S3. The crushed material moves upward under the action of the air flow. During the movement, the materials collide with each other and collide with the inner wall of the crushing chamber until they move to the classification wheel. The classification wheel rotates to classify and screen the crushed material. The material with a small particle size passes through the classification wheel and the second discharge port and is conveyed to the cyclone collector, and the material with an over-large particle size falls back into the crushing chamber again for continuous crushing. S4. The qualified material entering the cyclone collector undergoes air-powder separation, settles, and falls into the collection bucket below. The purified air flow returns to the air storage tank after passing through the blower.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: A classification crusher and its crushing method disclosed by the present invention. The stepped crushing knives arranged in the crushing chamber can perform multi-stage cutting on the material to be crushed to a smaller particle size, playing a pretreatment role before air flow crushing. The material particles with a smaller particle size have fewer collision times in the crushing chamber, effectively reducing the wear on the internal components of the crushing chamber, eliminating the need to frequently replace the worn components in the crushing chamber, and improving the production efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 is a front view of the present invention; Figure 3 is a sectional view of the crushing chamber of the present invention; Figure 4 is an exploded view of the stepped crushing knife of the present invention.

[0018] DESCRIPTION OF THE REFERENCE NUMERALS: 1. Feed hopper; 11. First feed inlet; 12. First discharge outlet; 13. Discharge pipe; 14. Linear vibrator; 15. Venturi tube; 16. Control valve; 17. First intake pipeline; 18. Pressure regulating valve; 19. Second intake pipeline; 2. Crushing chamber; 21. Second feed inlet; 22. Second discharge outlet; 23. First motor; 24. Bushing; 241. First stepped portion; 242. Second stepped portion; 243. Third stepped portion; 25. Second motor; 3. Cyclone collector; 4. Stepped crushing knife; 41. Knife shaft; 42. First crushing knife disc; 421. First cutting edge; 43. Second crushing knife disc; 431. Second cutting edge; 44. Third crushing knife disc; 441. Third cutting edge; 5. Classification wheel; 51. First flange; 52. Second flange; 53. Blade; 6. Fan; 7. Frame; 8. Collection bucket. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0019] The following clearly and completely describes the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Many specific details are set forth in the following description in order to fully understand the present invention, but the present invention can also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein. Those skilled in the art can make similar generalizations without departing from the connotation of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0020] As Figures 1 to 4The grading crusher of the present invention is shown as follows, which includes a feed hopper 1, a crushing chamber 2 and a cyclone collector 3. The top of the feed hopper 1 is provided with a first feed inlet 11, and the bottom is provided with a first discharge outlet 12. A discharge pipe 13 is connected to the first discharge outlet 12. The bottom of the crushing chamber 2 is provided with a second feed inlet 21, and the second feed inlet 21 is communicated with the discharge pipe 13. A stepped crushing knife 4 is rotatably arranged at the lower part in the crushing chamber 2, and a grading wheel 5 is rotatably arranged at the upper part in the crushing chamber 2. The top of the crushing chamber 2 is provided with a second discharge outlet 22. The cyclone collector 3 has its feed end communicated with the second discharge outlet 22, and its discharge end is communicated with a blower 6.

[0021] As Figure 1 shown, the grading crusher of the present invention further includes a frame 7. The feed hopper 1, the crushing chamber 2 and the cyclone collector 3 are all fixedly arranged on the frame 7. The frame 7 plays a role of bearing and supporting, and is welded by multiple square tubes, having certain strength and stiffness. The frame 7 can also be welded by other profiles, such as rectangular tubes, angle steels or channel steels, etc. There is no limitation here, and it can be designed and selected according to actual needs to meet a certain bearing capacity.

[0022] The feed hopper 1 is fixedly arranged on the frame 7. The top of the feed hopper 1 is provided with a first feed inlet 11, and the first feed inlet 11 is open, which is convenient for adding materials into it. The bottom is provided with a first discharge outlet 12, and a discharge pipe 13 is connected to the first discharge outlet 12. A linear vibration generator 14 is arranged at the bottom of the discharge pipe 13, and the linear vibration generator 14 is arranged close to the first discharge outlet 12. Among them, the linear vibration generator 14 is a mechanical device that generates linear vibration. By driving an exciter with a vibration motor, the rotational motion is converted into linear vibration with a specific frequency and amplitude, which is used for operations such as material conveying and screening. The linear vibration generator 14 is a prior art, and its core components include a vibration motor, an exciter, a shock-absorbing spring and a base, etc. In this embodiment, the linear vibration generator 14 is used for the conveying of materials to be crushed, and the materials to be crushed are evenly conveyed along the length direction of the discharge pipe 13 under the vibration of the linear vibration generator 14. The linear vibration generator 14 in this embodiment adopts a linear vibration feeder produced by Xinli Automation Equipment Co., Ltd., and the same kind of vibrator produced by other manufacturers can also be selected. There is no limitation in this regard.

[0023] A Venturi tube 15 is provided on the connecting pipeline between the discharge pipe 13 and the second feed inlet 21. A control valve 16 is provided on the pipeline at the feed end of the Venturi tube 15. The intake end of the Venturi tube 15 is connected to a gas storage tank (not shown in the figure). The discharge end of the Venturi tube 15 is connected to the second feed inlet 21. The material to be pulverized enters the pulverizing chamber 2 through the Venturi tube 15 for acceleration. The design of the Venturi tube 15 can increase the air flow velocity, thereby improving the pulverizing efficiency. The gas storage tank is connected to the fan 6 through a return air pipeline. The air purified by the cyclone collector 3 is transported to the gas storage tank again to complete the closed-loop gas circuit cycle and save resources. The gas storage tank is connected to the intake end of the Venturi tube 15 through a first intake pipeline 17, and a pressure regulating valve 18 is provided on the first intake pipeline 17 to adjust the magnitude of the air flow pressure. A second intake pipeline 19 is also connected to the bottom of the pulverizing chamber 2. The second intake pipeline 19 is connected to the gas storage tank, and a pressure regulating valve 18 is provided on the second intake pipeline 19 to provide high-pressure air flow into the pulverizing chamber 2.

[0024] The pulverizing chamber 2 is fixedly arranged on the frame 7. The top cover and the bottom chassis of the pulverizing chamber 2 are detachably connected to its top and bottom respectively, and sealing strips are provided at the connection points. As Figure 3 shown, a stepped pulverizing knife 4 is rotatably arranged in the lower part of the pulverizing chamber 2. The stepped pulverizing knife 4 is used for multi-stage pulverization of the material to be pulverized. The stepped pulverizing knife 4 includes a knife shaft 41 rotatably erected in the pulverizing chamber 2. Specifically, a first motor 23 is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the pulverizing chamber 2. The output shaft of the first motor 23 is arranged vertically upward, and the output shaft of the first motor 23 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the knife shaft 41. The top of the knife shaft 41 extends into the pulverizing chamber 2. Along the axial direction of the knife shaft 41, a first pulverizing knife disc 42, a second pulverizing knife disc 43 and a third pulverizing knife disc 44 are sequentially arranged from bottom to top. The diameters of the first pulverizing knife disc 42, the second pulverizing knife disc 43 and the third pulverizing knife disc 44 gradually increase. A bushing 24 is provided at the bottom of the pulverizing chamber 2. The inner wall of the bushing 24 is also in a stepped shape, corresponding to the stepped pulverizing knife 4. That is, the inner wall of the bushing 24 is sequentially provided with a first stepped portion 241, a second stepped portion 242 and a third stepped portion 243 along its axial direction from bottom to top. The first stepped portion 241, the second stepped portion 242 and the third stepped portion 243 are all in a conical structure, and the inner diameter size gradually increases from bottom to top. The inner wall of the bushing 24 is set in a conical structure, and the material inlet is smaller than the material outlet, which is beneficial for the material to move upward in the pulverizing chamber 2 and is not easily accumulated at the bottom of the pulverizing chamber 2.

[0025] As Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, a plurality of first cutting edges 421 are circumferentially and evenly distributed on the first crushing cutter disc 42, a plurality of second cutting edges 431 are circumferentially and evenly distributed on the second crushing cutter disc 43, and a plurality of third cutting edges 441 are circumferentially and evenly distributed on the third crushing cutter disc 44. The first cutting edge 421, the second cutting edge 431, and the third cutting edge 441 are all triangular structures. The number of the first cutting edges 421 is equal to the number of the second cutting edges 431, the number of the third cutting edges 441 is greater than the number of the first cutting edges 421, and the second cutting edges 431 are staggered with both the first cutting edges 421 and the third cutting edges 441. The blade angle of the first cutting edge 421 is 60 - 80°, the blade angle of the second cutting edge 431 is 40 - 55°, and the blade angle of the third cutting edge 441 is 35 - 40°. The radial distance from the first cutting edge 421 to the first stepped portion 241 is defined as the first distance, the radial distance from the second cutting edge 431 to the second stepped portion 242 is defined as the second distance, and the radial distance from the third cutting edge 441 to the third stepped portion 243 is defined as the third distance. The first distance is greater than the second distance, and the second distance is greater than the third distance. After the material to be crushed is cut by the first cutting edge 421, particles with larger particle sizes are formed. After being cut by the second cutting edge 431, the particle size of the particles decreases. After being cut by the third cutting edge 441, the particle size of the particles becomes even smaller. The material to be crushed passes through the three crushing cutter discs of the stepped crushing cutter 4 and is cut successively, gradually reducing the particle size of the material, and can preprocess the crushing of the material. After the material to be crushed is subjected to graded cutting by the stepped crushing cutter 4, the particle size of the material becomes smaller, and it rises along the inner wall of the crushing chamber 2 under the action of the air flow. During the rising process of the crushed material, they collide with each other and with the inner wall of the crushing chamber 2. After multiple collisions, they rise to the grading wheel 5. The setting of the stepped crushing cutter 4 can perform multi-stage cutting on the material to be crushed to a smaller particle size, playing a preprocessing role. The smaller particle size material particles have fewer collision times in the crushing chamber 2, effectively reducing the wear on the internal components of the crushing chamber 2.

[0026] A grading wheel 5 is rotatably provided in the upper part of the crushing chamber 2. Specifically, a second motor 25 is fixedly provided at the top of the crushing chamber 2, the output shaft of the second motor 25 is arranged vertically downward, and the output shaft of the second motor 25 is fixedly connected to the grading wheel 5. The grading wheel 5 includes a first flange 51 and a second flange 52. A plurality of blades 53 are connected between the first flange 51 and the second flange 52, and the plurality of blades 53 are respectively circumferentially and evenly distributed along the first flange 51 and the second flange 52. The output shaft of the second motor 25 passes through the first flange 51 and the second flange 52 and is fixedly connected thereto. The fixed connection method can adopt key connection or other connection methods, which are not limited herein.

[0027] The cyclone collector 3 is fixedly arranged on the frame 7. Its feed end is communicated with the second discharge port 22, and its discharge end is communicated with a blower 6. The cyclone collector 3 separates the pulverized materials from the gas through a high-speed rotating airflow. The cyclone collector 3 is a prior art, and a mature product sold on the market can be selected. In this embodiment, the cyclone collector 3 using Zhongke XFG550 is only an example, but not limited thereto. A collection bucket 8 is communicated and arranged below the cyclone collector 3, and the collection bucket 8 is used to collect the qualified finished products after pulverization.

[0028] The present invention also provides a pulverization method, which uses the above-mentioned classification pulverizer and includes the following steps: S1. Start the linear vibrator 14, convey the materials to be pulverized in the feed hopper 1 along the discharge pipe 13, open the pressure regulating valve 18, and the materials to be pulverized are accelerated into the pulverization chamber 2 through the Venturi tube 15 under the action of the airflow. S2. Start the first motor 23, and the rotation of the first motor 23 drives the stepped pulverizing knife 4 to rotate, so as to perform multi-stage pulverization on the materials to be pulverized entering the pulverization chamber 2 and realize the primary pulverization pretreatment of the materials. S3. The materials after primary pulverization move upward under the action of the airflow. During the movement, they collide with each other and with the inner wall of the pulverization chamber 2 until they move to the classification wheel 5. Start the second motor 25, and the rotation of the second motor 25 drives the classification wheel 5 to rotate, so as to classify and screen the pulverized materials. The materials with small particle size pass through the classification wheel 5 and the second discharge port 22 and are conveyed to the cyclone collector, and the materials with too large particle size fall back into the pulverization chamber 2 again for continuous pulverization. S4. The qualified materials entering the cyclone collector are settled after gas-powder separation and fall into the collection bucket 8 below. The purified airflow returns to the gas storage tank after passing through the blower 6, realizing the recycling of the gas, energy conservation and environmental protection.

[0029] Although the present invention discloses preferred specific embodiments for achieving the above-mentioned purpose, it is not used to limit the structural features of the present invention. Any person skilled in the art should know that under the technical spirit of the present invention, any easily conceived changes or modifications are possible and are all covered by the patent application scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A grading crusher, characterized in that, Comprising: A feed hopper, the top of the feed hopper is provided with a first feed inlet, the bottom is provided with a first discharge outlet, and a discharge pipe is connected at the first discharge outlet; A crushing chamber, the bottom of which is provided with a second feed inlet, the second feed inlet is communicated with the discharge pipe, a stepped crushing knife is rotatably arranged at the lower part in the crushing chamber, a grading wheel is rotatably arranged at the upper part in the crushing chamber, and a second discharge outlet is provided at the top of the crushing chamber; A cyclone collector, the feed end of which is communicated with the second discharge outlet, and the discharge end is communicated with a blower.

2. The classifier mill according to claim 1, wherein, The stepped crushing knife includes a knife shaft rotatably arranged in the crushing chamber, a first crushing knife disc, a second crushing knife disc and a third crushing knife disc are sequentially arranged from bottom to top along the axial direction of the knife shaft, and the diameters of the first crushing knife disc, the second crushing knife disc and the third crushing knife disc gradually increase.

3. The classifier mill according to claim 2, characterized in that, A plurality of first cutting edges are circumferentially and uniformly arranged on the first crushing knife disc, a plurality of second cutting edges are circumferentially and uniformly arranged on the second crushing knife disc, a plurality of third cutting edges are circumferentially and uniformly arranged on the third crushing knife disc, and the first cutting edge, the second cutting edge and the third cutting edge are all triangular structures.

4. The classifier mill according to claim 3, characterized in that, The number of the first cutting edges is equal to the number of the second cutting edges, the number of the third cutting edges is greater than the number of the first cutting edges, and the second cutting edges are staggered with both the first cutting edges and the third cutting edges.

5. The classifier mill according to claim 1, characterized in that, A linear vibrator is arranged at the bottom of the discharge pipe, the linear vibrator is arranged close to the first discharge outlet, and a Venturi tube is arranged on the connecting pipeline between the discharge pipe and the second feed inlet.

6. The classifier mill according to claim 5, wherein A control valve is arranged on the pipeline at the feed end of the Venturi tube, an air storage tank is communicated with the air inlet end of the Venturi tube, and the discharge end of the Venturi tube is communicated with the second feed inlet.

7. The classifier mill according to claim 6, characterized in that, The air storage tank is communicated with the blower through a return air pipeline, and the air storage tank is communicated with the air inlet end of the Venturi tube through an air inlet pipeline.

8. The classifier mill according to claim 7, wherein A pressure regulating valve is arranged on the air inlet pipeline.

9. The classifier mill according to claim 1, wherein, A collection bucket is communicated below the cyclone collector, and the collection bucket is used for collecting qualified finished products after crushing.

10. A pulverizing method, which uses the classification pulverizer described in any one of claims 1 to 9, and is characterized in that, Including the following steps: S1. Start the linear vibrator, convey the material to be crushed in the feed hopper along the discharge pipe, open the pressure regulating valve, and the material to be crushed enters the crushing chamber through the Venturi tube under the action of air flow; S2. The stepped crushing knife rotates to perform multi-stage crushing on the material to be crushed entering the crushing chamber; S3. The crushed material moves upward under the action of air flow, collides with each other and with the inner wall of the crushing chamber during the movement until it reaches the grading wheel. The grading wheel rotates to perform grading screening on the crushed material. The material with small particle size passes through the grading wheel and the second discharge outlet and is conveyed to the cyclone collector, and the material with too large particle size falls into the crushing chamber again for continuous crushing; S4. The qualified material entering the cyclone collector undergoes air-powder separation, settles and falls into the collection bucket below, and the purified air flow returns to the air storage tank after passing through the blower.

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