Tunnel monitoring emergency supporting system with optical fiber auxiliary rechecking function

Abstract

The invention discloses a tunnel monitoring emergency support system with an optical fiber auxiliary rechecking function, which comprises a plurality of support lagging jacks, a sensor group chain and distributed optical fiber sensors, the support lagging jacks are arranged in parallel along the tunneling direction of a tunnel, and a plurality of emergency support units are arranged on the support lagging jacks; emergency supporting can be performed on tunnel surrounding rock through the emergency supporting unit, the sensor group chain is arranged according to the shape of a tunnel section and used for monitoring the state of the tunnel surrounding rock and triggering an alarm according to the state of the surrounding rock, and the distributed optical fiber sensor is used for rechecking the triggering position of the sensor group chain. According to the monitoring and supporting system, a sensor and physical triggering dual-mode monitoring mode is adopted, the distributed optical fiber sensors are arranged for auxiliary verification and rechecking, meanwhile, the supporting arch frame is linked for emergency supporting, and the monitoring and supporting system which is quick in response, high in reliability and capable of achieving self-adaptive linkage is formed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of tunnel monitoring, and particularly to a tunnel monitoring emergency support system with fiber optic assisted verification. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, as China's infrastructure construction has continuously extended to complex geological areas such as deep mountains, plateaus, and rivers, the number of geological sensitive tunnel projects has been increasing day by day. When passing through special geological structures such as landslide bodies, fault fracture zones, and karst development areas, tunnel construction faces severe challenges such as poor surrounding rock stability and high geological disaster risks, which puts forward higher requirements for monitoring and support technologies. At the same time, the traditional tunnel monitoring and support methods have the following defects:

[0003] 1. Traditional tunnel monitoring technologies, such as total station instruments, electronic sensors, etc., rely on data collection and algorithm analysis, and there is a response delay of more than 10 seconds from data collection to analysis completion. This makes it difficult for the system to timely capture the precursor information of sudden deformations such as tunnel collapses, missing the critical timing of risk prevention and control; while the single fiber optic monitoring technology, although having high sensitivity, is easily interfered by factors such as mechanical damage and temperature drift at the construction site, with a high false alarm rate, and cannot directly trigger emergency actions, making it difficult to meet the engineering safety requirements.

[0004] 2. In terms of the support system, traditional methods use preset fixed parameters, such as grouting pressure, steel frame locking strength, etc., and cannot be dynamically adjusted according to the real-time deformation of the surrounding rock. This results in the support strength lagging behind the deformation rate in soft surrounding rock areas, forming potential safety hazards; in stable strata, there is over-support, causing waste of materials and costs. At the same time, the emergency response process overly relies on manual judgment, and it takes a long time from discovering anomalies to starting the emergency plan, delaying the golden time for disposal and further exacerbating the construction risks.

[0005] 3. Complex environments such as high humidity and strong vibrations generally exist in geological sensitive areas. Existing electronic devices have insufficient stability under such conditions, and the failure rate is as high as 30%. The traditional wired monitoring wiring method is difficult to adapt to the construction characteristics of dynamic tunneling in tunnels. For every certain distance advanced, the lines need to be re-laid, which not only increases the construction cost but also frequently results in monitoring blind spots, making it difficult to achieve comprehensive and effective monitoring of tunnel construction.

[0006] 4. Although technologies such as micro-step excavation and mechanized support have emerged at present, the monitoring systems of these technologies essentially still rely on complex algorithms, cannot break through the inherent limitations of data processing delay, and have not solved the problem of immediate control of sudden deformations in geological sensitive areas, making it difficult to build a full closed-loop system for monitoring, analysis, and control.

[0007] Therefore, in order to ensure the construction safety of geologically sensitive tunnels and improve construction efficiency, it is urgent to develop a monitoring and support system with rapid response, high reliability, and adaptive linkage to meet the urgent needs of modern tunnel engineering construction. Summary of the Invention

[0008] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a tunnel monitoring and emergency support system with fiber optic-assisted verification, adopting a dual-mode monitoring method of sensors and physical triggers, equipped with distributed fiber optic sensors for auxiliary verification and verification, and simultaneously linking the support arch to perform emergency support, forming a monitoring and support system with rapid response, high reliability, and adaptive linkage.

[0009] A tunnel monitoring and emergency support system with fiber optic-assisted verification of the present invention includes a support arch, a sensor group chain, and a distributed fiber optic sensor. The support arches are arranged in parallel along the tunnel excavation direction, and several emergency support units are provided on the support arches to perform emergency support on the tunnel surrounding rock through the emergency support units. The sensor group chain is arranged according to the tunnel cross-section shape to monitor the state of the tunnel surrounding rock and trigger an alarm according to the surrounding rock state. The distributed fiber optic sensor is used to verify the trigger position of the sensor group chain.

[0010] Further, the sensor group chain includes several micro motion trigger devices and several sensor modules for monitoring the state of the tunnel surrounding rock.

[0011] Further, the sensor module includes an acceleration sensor, an inclination sensor, and a displacement sensor. The sensor modules are connected by flexible joints to adapt to the tunnel cross-section shape.

[0012] Further, the sensor module monitors the deformation state of the tunnel surrounding rock in real time and triggers an alarm when the monitored data exceeds the set threshold. The alarm is a level I alarm.

[0013] Further, the micro motion trigger devices and sensor modules of the sensor group chain are arranged at intervals and evenly distributed. The micro motion trigger device is a mechanical micro switch, including a trigger part, a spring, and a contact part. The spring applies a pre-tightening force to the trigger part to prevent false triggering. After the tunnel surrounding rock undergoes a deformation displacement exceeding the set value, it drives the sensor group chain to deform, and further drives the trigger part to contact the contact part to trigger an alarm. The alarm is a level II alarm.

[0014] Further, the emergency support unit is a hydraulic support mechanism, including a hydraulic cylinder and a support member driven by the hydraulic cylinder. The support member abuts against the tunnel inner wall. After the level II alarm is triggered, the hydraulic cylinder drives the support member to perform emergency support on the corresponding part of the tunnel surrounding rock.

[0015] Furthermore, the sensor module is also provided with a micro fan for dust prevention on the surface of the sensor.

[0016] Furthermore, the distributed optical fiber sensor is arranged along the tunnel section contour and parallel to the sensor group chain. After an alarm is triggered, the distributed optical fiber sensor performs strain analysis and verification on the triggered position.

[0017] Furthermore, it also includes advanced support equipment. After a level-II alarm is triggered, the advanced support equipment performs emergency support on the tunneling face to inhibit the deformation rate of the surrounding rock.

[0018] The beneficial effects of the present invention: A tunnel monitoring and emergency support system with optical fiber-assisted verification of the present invention adopts a monitoring method of a dual mode of sensor and physical trigger, is provided with a distributed optical fiber sensor for auxiliary verification and review, and simultaneously links the support arch to perform emergency support, forming a monitoring and support system with fast response, high reliability, and adaptive linkage. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings and embodiments:

[0020] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the system of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the support arch of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the sensor group chain of the present invention. SPECIFIC EMBODIMENTS

[0023] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the system of the present invention, Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the support arch, Figure 3Schematic diagram of the sensor group chain layout, as shown in the figure: A tunnel monitoring emergency support system with fiber optic assisted verification in this embodiment includes a support arch 1, a sensor group chain, and a distributed fiber optic sensor 4. The support arches 1 are arranged in parallel along the tunnel excavation direction. A number of emergency support units 2 are provided on the support arch 1, and the tunnel surrounding rock can be emergently supported through the emergency support unit 2. The sensor group chain is arranged according to the tunnel cross-section shape to monitor the tunnel surrounding rock state and trigger an alarm according to the surrounding rock state. The distributed fiber optic sensor 4 is used to verify the trigger position of the sensor group chain. As shown in the figure, it includes a support arch 1, a sensor group chain, and a distributed fiber optic sensor 4. A number of support arches 1 are arranged along the tunnel excavation direction. The support arch 1 can be made of section steel. The arched shape of the support arch 1 matches the tunnel cross-section. A number of emergency support units 2 are provided on the support arch 1, and the tunnel surrounding rock can be emergently supported through the emergency support unit 2. The sensor group chain is arranged along the shapes of the crown and side walls of the tunnel cross-section. The sensor group chain is used to monitor the tunnel surrounding rock state and trigger an alarm according to the surrounding rock state. The distributed fiber optic sensor 4 is arranged parallel to the sensor group chain. After the sensor group chain triggers an alarm, the distributed fiber optic sensor 4 performs auxiliary verification and review on the trigger position.

[0024] In this embodiment, the sensor group chain includes a number of micro motion trigger devices and a number of sensor modules 3 for monitoring the tunnel surrounding rock state. As shown in the figure, the sensor group chain includes a number of micro motion trigger devices and a number of sensor modules 3, and is formed by connecting in series.

[0025] In this embodiment, the sensor module 3 includes an acceleration sensor, an inclination sensor, and a displacement sensor. The sensor modules 3 are connected by flexible joints to adapt to the tunnel cross-section shape. As shown in the figure, the sensor module 3 includes an acceleration sensor, an inclination sensor, and a displacement sensor. These sensors are used to monitor the deformation of the tunnel surrounding rock in real time. The sensor modules 3 are connected by flexible joints to adapt to the tunnel cross-section shape. The flexible joints can be made of materials such as polyurethane carbon fiber composite materials, which will not be elaborated here.

[0026] In this embodiment, the sensor module 3 monitors the deformation state of the tunnel surrounding rock in real time and triggers an alarm when the monitored data exceeds the set threshold. The alarm is a level I alarm. As shown in the figure, the sensor module 3 can monitor the deformation of the tunnel surrounding rock in real time and trigger an alarm when the monitored data exceeds the set threshold. The alarm is a level I alarm. At the same time, the level I alarm externally shows a yellow light flashing in cooperation with a low-frequency buzzer. Its manifestation form can also adopt other schemes with obvious prompt effects, which will not be elaborated here.

[0027] In this embodiment, the micro-triggering device of the sensor group chain and the sensor module 3 are arranged at intervals and evenly distributed. The micro-triggering device is a mechanical micro-switch, which includes a triggering part, a spring and a contact part. The spring applies a pre-tightening force to the triggering part to prevent accidental triggering. After the deformation displacement of the tunnel surrounding rock exceeds the set value, it drives the sensor group chain to deform, and further drives the triggering part to contact the contact part to trigger an alarm, and the alarm is a level-II alarm. As shown in the figure, the micro-triggering device of the sensor group chain and the sensor module 3 are arranged at intervals and evenly distributed, and the micro-triggering device is a mechanical micro-switch. The mechanical micro-switch includes a triggering part, a spring and a contact part. The spring applies a pre-tightening force to prevent the triggering part from being accidentally triggered. After the deformation displacement of the tunnel surrounding rock exceeds the set value, it drives the sensor group chain to deform, and further drives the triggering part to contact the contact part to trigger an alarm, and the alarm is a level-II alarm. At the same time, the level-II alarm is manifested as a constant red light with a high-frequency buzzer, and its manifestation form can also adopt other solutions with obvious prompting effects, which will not be elaborated here.

[0028] In this embodiment, the emergency support unit 2 is a hydraulic support mechanism, which includes a hydraulic cylinder and a support member driven by the hydraulic cylinder. The support member abuts against the inner wall of the tunnel. After the level-II alarm is triggered, the hydraulic cylinder drives the support member to perform emergency support on the corresponding part of the tunnel surrounding rock. As shown in the figure, the emergency support unit 2 is a hydraulic support mechanism, which is arranged at weak parts of the tunnel surrounding rock such as the arch feet and arch waists of the support arch 1. Each support arch 1 is provided with several groups of emergency support units 2. The emergency support unit 2 includes a hydraulic cylinder and a support member driven by the hydraulic cylinder. The support member is adapted to the shape of the inner wall of the tunnel and closely adheres to the inner wall of the tunnel. The hydraulic cylinder is connected to the hydraulic pump station through a hydraulic pipeline. The emergency support unit 2 remains in a standby state when not triggered. After the level-II alarm is triggered, the hydraulic pump station pressurizes the hydraulic cylinder of the emergency support unit 2 to make the support member form a support for the tunnel surrounding rock to form emergency support.

[0029] In this embodiment, the sensor module 3 is also provided with a micro fan for dust prevention on the surface of the sensor. As shown in the figure, the sensor module 3 is also provided with a micro fan. The air outlet of the fan faces the surface of the sensor and continuously blows air on the sensor, effectively reducing the sensor failure or accidental triggering of the sensor module 3 caused by the complex environment in the tunnel or the generated dust.

[0030] In this embodiment, the distributed fiber optic sensor 4 is arranged along the tunnel cross-section contour and parallel to the sensor group chain. After an alarm is triggered, the distributed fiber optic sensor 4 performs strain analysis and verification on the triggered position. As shown in the figure, the distributed fiber optic sensor 4 is arranged along the tunnel cross-section contour and parallel to the sensor group chain. After the sensor group chain triggers an alarm, the distributed fiber optic sensor 4 performs strain analysis and verification on the triggered alarm position. When the verification of the triggered alarm position by the distributed fiber optic sensor 4 exceeds the limit, the construction personnel are reminded to suspend construction, and then enter the next construction step after the risks are eliminated. When the verification of the triggered alarm position by the distributed fiber optic sensor 4 does not exceed the limit, the emergency support unit 2 of the support arch 1 releases the support state, and at the same time, the grouting pressure of the advanced support is reduced, and the construction continues.

[0031] In this embodiment, an advanced support device is further included. After a level-II alarm is triggered, the advanced support device performs emergency support on the tunneling face to inhibit the deformation rate of the surrounding rock. As shown in the figure, an advanced support is also included to ensure the stability of the tunnel engineering excavation working face. The advanced support adopts the advanced small pipe method or the pipe-shed method. The advanced small pipe is arranged along the tunnel excavation contour line, and small-diameter steel pipes are driven into the front of the heading face, and then cement slurry or cement mortar is injected into the formation through the grouting holes on the steel pipes to form a reinforcement ring to enhance the stability of the surrounding rock. The pipe-shed method uses the rigidity of the steel pipes as longitudinal supports, and at the same time provides transverse circumferential supports through steel arch frames to form an integral shed structure, thereby enhancing the stability of the surrounding rock. The steel pipes are drilled and inserted at a certain interval outside the tunnel excavation contour line, and then the slurry is injected into the gap between the steel pipes and the surrounding rock through the grouting process, so that the slurry penetrates and solidifies to form a reinforced surrounding rock ring, thereby improving the shear strength and overall stability of the surrounding rock. After a level-II alarm is triggered, the grouting pressure of the advanced support is increased to inhibit the deformation rate of the surrounding rock and maintain the stability of the heading face.

[0032] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention can be modified or equivalently replaced without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and they should all be covered by the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tunnel monitoring emergency support system with fiber optic assisted review, characterized in that: It includes a support arch, a sensor chain, and a distributed fiber optic sensor. The support arches are arranged in parallel along the tunnel excavation direction, and there are several emergency support units on the support arches. The tunnel surrounding rock can be emergently supported through the emergency support units. The sensor chain is arranged according to the tunnel cross-section shape, used to monitor the state of the tunnel surrounding rock and trigger an alarm according to the surrounding rock state. The distributed fiber optic sensor is used to recheck the trigger position of the sensor chain.

2. The tunnel monitoring emergency support system with fiber optic assisted recheck according to claim 1, wherein: The sensor chain includes several micro motion trigger devices and several sensor modules for monitoring the state of the tunnel surrounding rock.

3. The tunnel monitoring emergency support system with fiber optic auxiliary review according to claim 2, characterized in that: The sensor module includes an acceleration sensor, an inclination sensor, and a displacement sensor. The sensor modules are connected by flexible joints to adapt to the tunnel cross-section shape.

4. The tunnel monitoring emergency support system with optical fiber assisted review according to claim 3, characterized in that: The sensor module monitors the deformation state of the tunnel surrounding rock in real time and triggers an alarm when the monitored data exceeds the set threshold. The alarm is a level-I alarm.

5. The tunnel monitoring emergency support system with optical fiber-assisted review according to claim 2, characterized in that: The micro motion trigger devices and sensor modules of the sensor chain are arranged at intervals and evenly distributed. The micro motion trigger device is a mechanical micro switch, including a trigger part, a spring, and a contact part. The spring applies a pre-tightening force to the trigger part to prevent false triggering. When the deformation displacement of the tunnel surrounding rock exceeds the set value, it drives the sensor chain to deform, and further drives the trigger part to contact the contact part to trigger an alarm. The alarm is a level-II alarm.

6. The tunnel monitoring emergency support system with fiber optic auxiliary review according to claim 1, characterized in that: The emergency support unit is a hydraulic support mechanism, including a hydraulic cylinder and a support member driven by the hydraulic cylinder. The support member abuts against the inner wall of the tunnel. After the level-II alarm is triggered, the hydraulic cylinder drives the support member to emergently support the corresponding part of the tunnel surrounding rock.

7. The tunnel monitoring emergency support system with optical fiber-assisted review according to claim 3, characterized in that: The sensor module is also provided with a micro fan for dust prevention on the surface of the sensor.

8. The tunnel monitoring emergency support system with fiber optic assisted review according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distributed fiber optic sensor is arranged along the tunnel cross-section contour and parallel to the sensor chain. After the alarm is triggered, the distributed fiber optic sensor conducts strain analysis and recheck on the trigger position.

9. The tunnel monitoring emergency support system with fiber optic assisted review according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes advanced support equipment. After the level-II alarm is triggered, the advanced support equipment emergently supports the excavation face to inhibit the deformation rate of the surrounding rock.

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