Model test equipment and test method for simulating layout of special-shaped lagging jack

Abstract

The invention discloses model test equipment and a test method for simulating special-shaped arch layout. The model test equipment comprises a stratum simulation system, a loading system, a special-shaped arch layout system and a monitoring system, a stratum sample is arranged in the stratum simulation system; the loading system is arranged on the stratum simulation system and is suitable for applying pressure and disturbing to the stratum sample; the special-shaped arch laying system is used for laying a special-shaped arch in the stratum sample; and the monitoring system is arranged on the stratum simulation system and is used for monitoring the change of the stratum sample in the layout process of the special-shaped lagging jack. The special-shaped arch laying process can be simulated, the method can be used for testing the feasibility of the construction scheme of the special-shaped arch in the aeolian sand stratum, the performance effect of a special-shaped arch supporting structure in the aeolian sand stratum can be tested, and the safety and durability of a tunnel after the special-shaped arch is laid can be predicted. The model test equipment and the test method have high reference value for actual tunnel construction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, and in particular, to a model test device and a test method for simulating the layout of special-shaped arch frames. Background Art

[0002] The aeolian sand stratum has special engineering geological characteristics such as low density, high porosity, low shear strength, and high compressibility, and its stratum stability is extremely poor. In tunnel engineering, such strata are extremely prone to disastrous accidents such as collapses and sand gushing. To cope with such risks, the engineering community generally adopts arch support technology to enhance the stability of the tunnel structure. Among them, for some complex terrains and special engineering requirements, special-shaped arch frames are the key support means, which can provide greater support force and stability and effectively control the deformation of the primary support.

[0003] However, due to the highly uncertain mechanical behavior of the aeolian sand stratum, the structure and force of the special-shaped arch frame are complex, and the theoretical research on the arch frame-related technology is insufficient for the adaptability of the layout of the special-shaped arch frame. The layout process and layout effect of the special-shaped arch frame are difficult to predict. Currently, there is a serious lack of systematic experimental research on the special-shaped arch frame support for aeolian sand tunnels, which not only lacks scientific guidance for the construction process but also is difficult to provide effective support for the long-term stability evaluation after support. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention aims to at least solve one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. For this purpose, an object of the present invention is to provide a model test device and a test method for simulating the layout of special-shaped arch frames, which can simulate the layout process of special-shaped arch frames, can be used to test the performance of special-shaped arch frames in the aeolian sand stratum and the feasibility of construction plans, and predict the safety and durability of the tunnel after the layout of special-shaped arch frames.

[0005] The present application provides a model test device for simulating the layout of special-shaped arch frames. The model test device includes a stratum simulation system, a loading system, a special-shaped arch frame layout system, and a monitoring system; a stratum sample is arranged in the stratum simulation system; the loading system is arranged on the stratum simulation system and is adapted to apply pressure and disturbance to the stratum sample; the special-shaped arch frame layout system is used to layout the special-shaped arch frame in the stratum sample; the monitoring system is arranged on the stratum simulation system and is used to monitor the changes of the stratum sample during the layout process of the special-shaped arch frame.

[0006] According to the model test equipment of the present application, the model test equipment is constructed by reducing the actual aeolian sand stratum and construction equipment in a certain proportion, and can accurately restore the actual stratum conditions of the tunnel area to be built in the aeolian sand stratum, simulate the actual layout process of the special-shaped arch frame, and monitor the changes of the stratum sample during the layout process and service process of the special-shaped arch frame. The test results based on the model test equipment of the present application have high reference value for the actual tunnel construction, and can help researchers understand the potential problems of the special-shaped arch frame during the layout processes such as excavation, layout, and shotcreting under laboratory conditions, judge the feasibility and reliability of the special-shaped arch frame layout scheme, and provide guidance for the actual construction; at the same time, the performance of the special-shaped arch frame support structure in the aeolian sand stratum can be tested, and the safety and long-term stability of the tunnel can be predicted; it helps to provide support for formulating and optimizing the tunnel construction scheme, reduce the trial-and-error cost of on-site construction, and save construction costs.

[0007] According to some embodiments of the present application, the special-shaped arch frame layout system includes a mobile platform, an excavation unit, a clamping unit, and a shotcreting unit; the mobile platform is formed with a traveling part and a mounting part; the excavation unit, the clamping unit, and the shotcreting unit are all rotatably arranged on the mounting part; the excavation unit is used for tunnel excavation, the clamping unit is used for moving and laying out the special-shaped arch frame, and the shotcreting unit is used for shotcreting and strengthening the special-shaped arch frame.

[0008] According to some embodiments of the present application, the excavation unit includes a first robotic arm and a crushing assembly, one end of the first robotic arm is rotatably arranged on the mounting part, and the first robotic arm includes a plurality of arm segments that are sequentially rotatably connected; the crushing assembly is arranged at the other end of the first robotic arm.

[0009] According to some embodiments of the present application, the excavation unit further includes a detection module and a control module, the detection module is arranged at the other end of the first robotic arm, and the detection module integrates a variety of sensors to be suitable for detecting the operating state of the crushing assembly; the control module is arranged at the other end of the first robotic arm, and the control module is suitable for controlling the operation of the crushing assembly according to the detection results of the detection module.

[0010] According to some embodiments of the present application, the special-shaped arch frame layout system further includes an early warning module, the early warning module is arranged on one side of the advancing direction of the mobile platform and is suitable for giving a danger warning when the operating state meets the preset early warning conditions; wherein the control module is signal-connected to the early warning module, and the control module is suitable for sending a signal to the early warning module according to the detection results of the detection module to trigger the early warning module.

[0011] According to some embodiments of the present application, the shotcreting unit includes a spray head, a slurry bin, a delivery pipe, and a second robotic arm. One end of the second robotic arm is rotatably arranged on the mounting part, and the second robotic arm includes a plurality of arm segments that are sequentially rotatably connected; the spray head is arranged at the other end of the second robotic arm; the slurry bin is arranged on the mobile platform; the delivery pipe communicates with the slurry bin and the spray head, and a delivery pump is arranged at the end of the delivery pipe that communicates with the slurry bin.

[0012] According to some embodiments of the present application, the clamping unit includes a third robotic arm and a clamping jaw. One end of the third robotic arm is rotatably arranged on the mounting part, and the third robotic arm includes a plurality of arm segments that are sequentially rotatably connected; the clamping jaw is arranged at the other end of the third robotic arm.

[0013] According to some embodiments of the present application, the clamping jaws are configured to be at least two. The clamping jaws are movably arranged at one end of the third robotic arm, and any two adjacent clamping jaws are adapted to move relative to each other to adjust the distance between them.

[0014] According to some embodiments of the present application, the special-shaped arch support laying system further includes a control unit. The control unit is connected to the traveling part, the excavation unit, the clamping unit, and the shotcreting unit to be adapted to control the traveling part, the excavation unit, the clamping unit, and the shotcreting unit to perform the process of laying the special-shaped arch support.

[0015] The present application also proposes a test method for simulating the laying of a special-shaped arch support. Using the above-mentioned model test equipment for simulating the laying of a special-shaped arch support, the model test method includes the following steps:

[0016] Build the model test equipment and apply pressure and disturbance to the formation specimen using the loading system;

[0017] Use the special-shaped arch support laying system to lay the special-shaped arch support on the formation specimen;

[0018] Evaluate the laying process and laying effect of the special-shaped arch support according to the monitoring data of the monitoring system.

[0019] The additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will be partially given in the following description, partially become apparent from the following description, or be understood through the practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and be readily understood from the description of the embodiments in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:

[0021] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a special-shaped arch support laying system according to some embodiments of the present application.

[0022] Reference numerals:

[0023] Mobile platform 10;

[0024] The first robotic arm 21; the crushing component 22; the detection module 23; the control module 24; the first rotating seat 25;

[0025] The second robotic arm 31; the spray head 32; the slurry tank 33; the delivery pipe 34; the delivery pump 35; the second rotating seat 36;

[0026] The third robotic arm 41; the gripper 42; the third rotating seat 43;

[0027] The warning module 50; the control unit 60. Detailed implementation manners

[0028] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below. The examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, where the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention and should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

[0029] Refer to the following Figure 1 to describe a model test device for simulating the layout of a special-shaped arch support according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] The present application provides a model test device for simulating the layout of a special-shaped arch support. The model test device includes a formation simulation system, a loading system, a special-shaped arch support layout system, and a monitoring system. A formation specimen is provided in the formation simulation system. The loading system is arranged in the formation simulation system and is adapted to apply pressure and disturbance to the formation specimen. The special-shaped arch support layout system is used to layout a special-shaped arch support in the formation specimen. The monitoring system is arranged in the formation simulation system and is used to monitor the changes of the formation specimen during the layout of the special-shaped arch support.

[0031] According to the model test device of the present application, a formation specimen is provided in the formation simulation system. The formation specimen is selected from the aeolian sandy soil layer in the area of the tunnel to be built, which can truly simulate the geological characteristics of the aeolian sand formation. The loading system applies pressure or disturbance to the formation specimen according to the actual environmental conditions of the aeolian sand formation, and can restore the dynamic environmental conditions of the actual construction of the aeolian sand formation. The special-shaped arch support layout system can accurately complete the layout process of the special-shaped arch support. The monitoring system can monitor the formation specimen and monitor the dynamic changes of the formation specimen during the layout of the special-shaped arch support. According to the dynamic changes of the formation specimen, the stability of the formation specimen during the layout of the special-shaped arch support can be judged. Among them, the dynamic changes of the formation specimen include internal morphological changes, stress changes, etc. Further, after the special-shaped arch support enters service, the loading system can also apply pressure and disturbance to the formation specimen with the special-shaped arch support laid according to the actual environmental conditions, or apply test pressure and test disturbance according to needs. The monitoring system monitors the changes of the formation specimen during service to judge the stability of the formation specimen after the special-shaped arch support is built and laid.

[0032] According to the model test equipment of the present application, the model test equipment is constructed by reducing the actual aeolian sand stratum and construction equipment in a certain proportion, and can accurately restore the actual stratum conditions of the tunnel area to be built in the aeolian sand stratum, simulate the actual layout process of the special-shaped arch frame, and monitor the changes of the stratum sample during the layout process and service process of the special-shaped arch frame. The test results based on the model test equipment of the present application have high reference value for the actual tunnel construction, and can help researchers understand the potential problems of the special-shaped arch frame during the layout process such as excavation, layout, and shotcreting under laboratory conditions, judge the feasibility and reliability of the special-shaped arch frame layout scheme, and provide guidance for the actual construction; at the same time, the performance of the special-shaped arch frame support structure in the aeolian sand stratum can be tested, and the safety and long-term stability of the tunnel can be predicted; it helps to provide support for formulating and optimizing the tunnel construction scheme, reduce the trial-and-error cost of on-site construction, and save construction costs.

[0033] As Figure 1 shown, according to some embodiments of the present application, the special-shaped arch frame layout system includes a mobile platform 10, an excavation unit, a clamping unit, and a shotcreting unit; the mobile platform 10 is formed with a traveling part and an installation part; the excavation unit, the clamping unit, and the shotcreting unit are all rotatably arranged on the installation part; the excavation unit is used for tunnel excavation, the clamping unit is used for moving and laying out the special-shaped arch frame, and the shotcreting unit is used for shotcreting and strengthening the special-shaped arch frame. In this embodiment, due to the setting of the traveling part, the mobile platform 10 can move arbitrarily, and at the same time can carry the excavation unit, the clamping unit, and the shotcreting unit and drive them to move, so that they reach the layout position of the special-shaped arch frame in the stratum sample.

[0034] According to some embodiments of the present application, the excavation unit includes a first robotic arm 21 and a crushing component 22. One end of the first robotic arm 21 is rotatably arranged on the installation part, and the first robotic arm 21 includes a plurality of arm segments that are sequentially rotatably connected; the crushing component 22 is arranged at the other end of the first robotic arm 21. In this embodiment, the first robotic arm 21 can rotate relative to the mobile platform 10, and at the same time can extend or bend, so as to be able to drive the crushing component 22 to move arbitrarily, so as to realize the excavation of the stratum sample at the layout position of the special-shaped arch frame.

[0035] In some embodiments, the plurality of arm segments of the first robotic arm 21 are connected by telescopic rods to be suitable for driving any arm segment to rotate relative to the adjacent two arm segments, and the telescopic rods can be configured as hydraulic mechanisms. Further, the excavation unit further includes a first rotating seat 26, and the first rotating seat 26 is rotatably arranged on the installation part, and the excavation unit is arranged on the first rotating seat 26.

[0036] Further, the crushing assembly 22 is configured as a hydraulic breaker, and the crushing assembly 22 is rotatably connected to the other end of the first robotic arm 21. The crushing assembly 22 is connected to the adjacent arm segments of the first robotic arm 21 through telescopic rods to be adapted to control the rotation of the crushing assembly 22 relative to the first robotic arm 21.

[0037] According to some embodiments of the present application, the excavation unit further includes a detection module 23 and a control module 24. The detection module 23 is disposed at the other end of the first robotic arm 21, and the detection module 23 integrates a variety of sensors to be adapted to detect the operating state of the crushing assembly 22; the control module 24 is disposed at the other end of the first robotic arm 21, and the control module 24 is adapted to control the operation of the crushing assembly 22 according to the detection results of the detection module 23. In this embodiment, the detection module 23 integrates a variety of sensors, which may specifically include a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, a vibration sensor, a sound sensor, etc., and can monitor parameters such as the working pressure, operating temperature, vibration frequency, and noise level of the crushing assembly 22 in real time; the control module 24 is in signal connection with the detection module 23, is adapted to receive the signals sent by the detection module 23, and performs real-time data analysis according to the detection results of the detection module 23, can analyze and predict potential faults and dangers, and controls the operation of the crushing assembly 22 accordingly. Specifically, the control module 24 presets a safety threshold, and when the value of one or more detection results of the detection module 23 exceeds the safety threshold, the control module 24 controls the crushing assembly 22 to stop operating.

[0038] According to some embodiments of the present application, the special-shaped arch frame laying system further includes an early warning module 50. The early warning module 50 is disposed on one side of the advancing direction of the mobile platform 10 and is adapted to issue a danger warning when the operating state meets a preset early warning condition; wherein the control module 24 is connected to the early warning module 50, and the control module 24 is adapted to send a signal to the early warning module 50 according to the detection results of the detection module 23 to trigger the early warning module 50. In this embodiment, the control module 24 performs data analysis according to the detection results of the detection module 23. If potential faults or dangers are analyzed, a signal can be sent to the early warning module 50 to trigger the early warning module 50 to issue a warning signal to remind the operator to avoid risks. In some embodiments, the early warning module 50 includes a visual signal module and an auditory signal module, and issues a warning to the operator by outputting visual signals and auditory signals.

[0039] According to some embodiments of the present application, the shotcrete unit includes a spray head 32, a slurry bin 33, a delivery pipe 34, and a second robotic arm 31. One end of the second robotic arm 31 is rotatably arranged on the mounting part, and the second robotic arm 31 includes a plurality of arm segments rotatably connected in sequence; the spray head 32 is arranged at the other end of the second robotic arm 31; the slurry bin 33 is arranged on the mobile platform 10; the delivery pipe 34 communicates the slurry bin 33 and the spray head 32, and a delivery pump 35 is arranged at one end of the delivery pipe 34 communicating with the slurry bin 33. In this embodiment, the delivery pump 35 pumps the slurry in the slurry bin 33 through the delivery pipe 34 to the spray head 32 for injection, and the second robotic arm 31 can drive the spray head 32 to move to change the position of the spray head 32, so as to realize grouting at any position of the special-shaped arch.

[0040] Further, the spray head 32 is detachably arranged at the other end of the second robotic arm 31 and communicates with the delivery pipe 34, so as to facilitate the maintenance and replacement of the spray head 32. Further, the spray head 32 can be a jet grouting spray head 32 or a directional spray head 32, etc., and can be selected and replaced according to test requirements.

[0041] In some embodiments, a plurality of arm segments of the second robotic arm 31 are connected by telescopic rods to be adapted to drive any arm segment to rotate relative to two adjacent arm segments, and the telescopic rods can be configured as hydraulic mechanisms. Further, the shotcrete unit further includes a second rotating seat 36, and the second rotating seat 36 is rotatably arranged on the mounting part, and the shotcrete unit is arranged on the second rotating seat 36.

[0042] According to some embodiments of the present application, the clamping unit includes a third robotic arm 41 and a jaw 42. One end of the third robotic arm 41 is rotatably arranged on the mounting part, and the third robotic arm 41 includes a plurality of arm segments rotatably connected in sequence; the jaw 42 is arranged at the other end of the third robotic arm 41. In this embodiment, the jaw 42 can clamp the special-shaped arch, and the third robotic arm 41 can drive the jaw 42 to move so as to realize the movement and installation of the special-shaped arch.

[0043] In some embodiments, a plurality of arm segments of the third robotic arm 41 are connected by telescopic rods to be adapted to drive any arm segment to rotate relative to an adjacent arm segment, and the telescopic rods can be configured as hydraulic mechanisms. Further, the clamping unit further includes a third rotating seat 43, and the third rotating seat 43 is rotatably arranged on the mounting part, and the clamping unit is arranged on the third rotating seat 43.

[0044] According to some embodiments of the present application, the clamping jaws 42 are configured to be at least two. The clamping jaws 42 are movably arranged at one end of the third robotic arm 41, and any two adjacent clamping jaws 42 are adapted to move relative to each other to adjust the distance therebetween. In this embodiment, setting multiple clamping jaws 42 can increase the clamping stability of the special-shaped arch. The multiple clamping jaws 42 can move relative to the third robotic arm 41, and any two adjacent clamping jaws 42 are adapted to approach or move away from each other, so that the clamping distance of the clamping jaws 42 can be adjusted to adapt to special-shaped arches of different sizes. Specifically, the multiple clamping jaws 42 are arranged at intervals in the same direction and are parallel to each other to be adapted to clamp special-shaped arches of different widths.

[0045] In some embodiments, the clamping unit further includes a connecting portion. The connecting portion is connected to the other end of the third robotic arm 41 through a universal joint. The multiple clamping jaws 42 are arranged on the connecting portion and are adapted to rotate relative to the third robotic arm 41 along with the connecting portion. The clamping jaws 42 of this embodiment can rotate arbitrarily relative to the third robotic arm 41, making the movement of the special-shaped arch more flexible and facilitating the installation and fixation more.

[0046] According to some embodiments of the present application, the special-shaped arch laying system further includes a control unit 60. The control unit 60 is in signal connection with the traveling portion, the excavation unit, the clamping unit, and the shotcreting unit to be adapted to control the traveling portion, the excavation unit, the clamping unit, and the shotcreting unit to execute the process of laying the special-shaped arch. Further, the control unit 60 of this embodiment can be provided with a communication module to be adapted to perform remote control. Through the control unit 60 of this embodiment, the process of laying the special-shaped arch can be automated or remotely controlled, which can improve the automation degree of the model test equipment, improve the test efficiency, and reduce the test error.

[0047] For the model test equipment according to the present application, since each unit is provided with a robotic arm, the structure of the special-shaped arch laying system of the present application is reliable, the operation flexibility is high, and the special-shaped arch can be accurately laid, ensuring the installation accuracy and forming quality of the arch.

[0048] The present application also proposes a test method for simulating the laying of a special-shaped arch. Using the above-mentioned model test equipment for simulating the laying of a special-shaped arch, the model test method includes the following steps:

[0049] S1. Set up the model test equipment, and use the loading system to simulate the application of pressure and disturbance to the formation specimen;

[0050] S2. According to the laying position, use the special-shaped arch laying system to lay the special-shaped arch on the formation specimen; evaluate the laying process and laying effect of the special-shaped arch according to the monitoring data of the monitoring system.

[0051] According to the model test method of the present application, step S1 specifically includes: formulating a construction plan, including working hours, working sequence, safety measures, etc.; building model test equipment and checking to ensure its normal operation; excavating a tunnel hole for arranging a special-shaped arch support in a stratum sample; using a loading system to apply pressure and disturbance to the stratum sample to simulate the real environment; determining the test parameters of each unit of the special-shaped arch support arrangement system according to actual work requirements, including the crushing force of the crushing component 22, etc.

[0052] According to the model test method of the present application, step S2 specifically includes:

[0053] S2.1 Determine the arrangement position of the special-shaped arch support in the tunnel hole and mark it, and mechanically excavate the area to be arranged through the excavation unit; after excavation, remove the muck and immediately re-measure the heading face, and use the excavation unit to trim the excavation area according to the re-measurement results; among them, the minimum distance between the excavation area and the front heading face is 5 cm;

[0054] S2.2 Use the clamping unit to transport the folded special-shaped arch support to the front of the heading face, and fix it into shape through the assembled joints of the special-shaped arch support; use the clamping unit to slowly lift the special-shaped arch support to the arrangement position and finely adjust the position of the special-shaped arch support to make the special-shaped arch support arranged in place;

[0055] S2.3 Use the clamping unit to install a mesh on the special-shaped arch support;

[0056] S2.4 Use the shotcreting unit to spray concrete on the special-shaped arch support; specifically, the concrete is poured into the slurry bin 33, and the concrete is pumped through the delivery pipe 34 to the rotary jet nozzle 32 by the delivery pump 35. The rotary jet nozzle 32 drills holes at the arch foot part of the special-shaped arch support, performs rotary jetting at the bottom for 30 seconds, and then retracts the rod for rotary jetting to form a lock foot rotary jetting pile; after completion, tamp the arch pad of the arch support; replace the rotary jet nozzle 32 with a common nozzle 32, and spray and cover the concrete on the outside of the special-shaped arch support through the nozzle 32, with a thickness of at least 3 mm. Among them, before spraying concrete, a shotcreting formwork is arranged on the outside of the special-shaped arch support to facilitate grouting and forming.

[0057] In the above test steps, setting the mesh can improve the structural stability of the special-shaped arch support and enhance its supporting effect; spraying concrete can form a solid support structure on the special-shaped arch support in a short time, enhance the overall stability of the tunnel, improve the bearing capacity of the tunnel, help resist the deformation and damage of the surrounding rock, and ensure the safety and stability of the tunnel during long-term use.

[0058] Further, during the tunnel excavation process, special-shaped arch frames need to be continuously installed. Therefore, step S2 further includes: repeating steps S2.1 - S2.4 to complete the support construction of special-shaped arch frames at multiple positions. Among them, a 5 - centimeter passage needs to be maintained between two adjacent special-shaped arch frames in the advancing direction; at the same time, the installation of two special-shaped arch frames in the same advancing direction should be avoided simultaneously; in addition, a 3 - centimeter passage should be maintained between the left and right legs of the special-shaped arch frames in the tunnel advancing direction.

[0059] Furthermore, in step S2.2, when the clamping unit moves the special-shaped arch frame to the installation position, its longitudinal positioning connection point is aligned with the guiding opening welded at the same position on the already installed special-shaped arch frame to facilitate proper connection.

[0060] According to the model test method of the present application, in step S2, during the construction process of the special-shaped arch frame, the monitoring system monitors the changes of the formation sample in real time and records the monitoring data to provide a basis for judging the feasibility and reliability of the construction process. Further, after the special-shaped arch frame is installed and enters the service stage, the monitoring system can continue to monitor the changes of the formation sample to provide a basis for evaluating the influence of setting the special-shaped arch frame on the tunnel stability. Among them, the changes of the formation sample include internal morphological changes, stress changes, etc.

[0061] According to the model test method of the present application, the installation process of the special-shaped arch frame in tunnel construction can be accurately restored. The test results have high reference value, can provide an effective reference basis for actual tunnel construction, enrich relevant experimental studies, and provide scientific guidance.

[0062] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by terms such as "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the system or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

[0063] In the description of the present invention, "the first feature" and "the second feature" may include one or more of such features.

[0064] In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "a plurality of" is two or more.

[0065] In the description of the present invention, that the first feature is "above" or "below" the second feature may include that the first and second features are in direct contact, or may include that the first and second features are not in direct contact but in contact through additional features between them.

[0066] In the description of the present invention, "above", "over" and "on" of a first feature with respect to a second feature include that the first feature is directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the horizontal height of the first feature is higher than that of the second feature.

[0067] In the description of this specification, the descriptions with reference to terms such as "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "schematic embodiments", "examples", "specific examples" or "some examples", etc. mean that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

[0068] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, those of ordinary skill in the art can understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A model test device for simulating the layout of special-shaped arch frames, characterized in that, Comprising: A formation simulation system, in which a formation sample is provided; A loading system, which is arranged on the formation simulation system and is suitable for applying pressure and disturbance to the formation sample; A special-shaped arch frame layout system, which is used for laying a special-shaped arch frame in the formation sample; A monitoring system, which is arranged on the formation simulation system and is used for monitoring the changes of the formation sample during the layout process of the special-shaped arch frame.

2. The model test equipment for simulating the layout of special-shaped arch frames according to claim 1, characterized in that, The special-shaped arch frame layout system includes: A mobile platform, which is provided with a walking part and an installation part; An excavation unit, a clamping unit and a shotcreting unit, all of which are rotatably arranged on the installation part; the excavation unit is used for tunnel excavation, the clamping unit is used for moving and laying the special-shaped arch frame, and the shotcreting unit is used for shotcreting and strengthening the special-shaped arch frame.

3. The model test equipment for simulating the layout of a special-shaped arch support according to claim 2, characterized in that, The excavation unit includes: A first robotic arm, one end of which is rotatably arranged on the installation part, and the first robotic arm includes a plurality of arm segments that are sequentially rotatably connected; A crushing component, which is arranged at the other end of the first robotic arm.

4. The model test equipment for simulating the layout of a special-shaped arch support according to claim 3, characterized in that The excavation unit further includes: A detection module, which is arranged at the other end of the first robotic arm, and the detection module integrates a variety of sensors to be suitable for detecting the operating state of the crushing component; A control module, which is arranged at the other end of the first robotic arm, and the control module is suitable for controlling the operation of the crushing component according to the detection result of the detection module.

5. The model test equipment for simulating the layout of special-shaped arch frames according to claim 4, characterized in that, The special-shaped arch frame layout system further includes: An early warning module, which is arranged on one side of the advancing direction of the mobile platform and is suitable for giving a danger warning when the operating state meets the preset early warning conditions; wherein The control module is connected to the early warning module, and the control module is suitable for sending a signal to the early warning module according to the detection result of the detection module to trigger the early warning module.

6. The model test equipment for simulating the layout of a special-shaped arch support according to claim 2, characterized in that The shotcreting unit includes: A second robotic arm, one end of which is rotatably arranged on the installation part, and the second robotic arm includes a plurality of arm segments that are sequentially rotatably connected; A nozzle, which is arranged at the other end of the second robotic arm; A slurry tank, which is arranged on the mobile platform; A delivery pipe, which connects the slurry tank and the nozzle, and a delivery pump is arranged at one end of the delivery pipe connected to the slurry tank.

7. The model test equipment for simulating the layout of special-shaped arch frames according to claim 2, characterized in that, The clamping unit includes: A third robotic arm, one end of which is rotatably arranged on the installation part, and the third robotic arm includes a plurality of arm segments that are sequentially rotatably connected; Jaws, which are arranged at the other end of the third robotic arm.

8. The model test equipment for simulating the layout of special-shaped arch frames according to claim 7, characterized in that The jaws are configured to be at least two, the jaws are movably arranged at one end of the third robotic arm, and any two adjacent jaws are suitable for moving relative to each other to adjust the distance between them.

9. The model test equipment for simulating the layout of special-shaped arch frames according to claim 2, wherein, The special-shaped arch frame layout system further includes: A control unit, which is connected to the traveling unit, the excavation unit, the clamping unit and the shotcreting unit, and is adapted to control the traveling unit, the excavation unit, the clamping unit and the shotcreting unit to perform the layout of the special-shaped arch.

10. A test method for simulating the layout of a special-shaped arch support, using the model test equipment for simulating the layout of a special-shaped arch support according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Including the following steps: Construct the model test equipment and apply pressure and disturbance to the formation specimen by using the loading system; Use the special-shaped arch layout system to layout the special-shaped arch on the formation specimen; Evaluate the layout process and layout effect of the special-shaped arch according to the monitoring data of the monitoring system.

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