Anti-seismic energy dissipater for building structure

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of anti-seismic structures, and discloses a building structure anti-seismic energy dissipater which comprises a cylinder body and a transmission rod, the transmission rod is inserted into the cylinder body in a sliding mode, and a compression-resistant energy dissipation assembly and a tensile energy dissipation assembly are arranged in the cylinder body. An inner cavity of the cylinder body is divided into a first cavity, a second cavity and a third cavity by the compression-resistant energy dissipation assembly and the tensile energy dissipation assembly, and the first cavity and the second cavity are both filled with filler. According to the anti-seismic energy dissipater provided by the invention, the compression-resistant energy dissipation assembly, the tensile energy dissipation assembly and the filler are arranged in the cylinder body, the first positioning plug and the second positioning plug are driven to reciprocate through transmission of the transmission rod when a building component shakes due to an earthquake, so that the filler is extruded, and the earthquake energy is absorbed or dissipated through deformation and breakage of the filler; the shock-proof and shock-isolation effects are achieved, the earthquake response of a building is reduced, the sealing requirement of the design for the cylinder body is not high, and compared with a viscous damper, the defect that the damping effect is reduced due to leakage is overcome.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of seismic-resistant structures, and particularly to a seismic energy dissipator for building structures. Background Art

[0002] Traditional structural earthquake resistance is to resist earthquake actions by enhancing the seismic performance (strength, stiffness, ductility) of the structure itself, that is, the structure itself stores and dissipates earthquake energy, appropriately increasing the damping of the structure, greatly reducing the acceleration response of the structure, and at the same time concentrating the displacement of the structure on the isolation layer. The upper structure is like a rigid body, with very small relative displacement of its own, and the structure is basically in an elastic working state, so that the building does not suffer damage or collapse. Commonly used dampers include viscous dampers, friction dampers, etc.

[0003] Generally, a viscous damper is internally filled with viscous liquid, has strict requirements for sealing, has the defect of easy leakage, and has a relatively high maintenance cost during long-term use; for a friction damper, such as a patent document with the publication number of CN112942608B in the prior art, a disclosed seismic energy dissipator for building structures includes two upper and lower connecting plates, a damping inner core, and an elastic energy dissipation device; the damping inner core is arranged between the two connecting plates, and a first through hole for the elastic energy dissipation device to pass through is arranged on the damping inner core; the elastic energy dissipation device includes a plurality of seismic-resistant sheets, and the plurality of seismic-resistant sheets are circularly arrayed to form a ring unit, and a plurality of ring units are concentrically arranged to form a concentric ring structure. The seismic-resistant sheets between adjacent ring units are staggered, and a plurality of concentric ring structures are vertically arranged, and the seismic-resistant sheets between adjacent concentric ring structures are connected by elastic members. The seismic-resistant sheets can contact and rub against the damping inner core. For such a seismic energy dissipator, as the internal structure wears more severely, the gap between the friction components increases, resulting in a decrease in the damping effect.

[0004] Based on this, the existing seismic energy dissipators for building structures have defects of easy leakage or increased wear with the extension of the service time, resulting in a decline in the damping function and high later maintenance costs, and need to be further improved. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to propose a seismic energy dissipator for building structures to solve the defects in the prior art that the existing seismic energy dissipators for building structures have defects of easy leakage or increased wear with the extension of the service time, resulting in a decline in the damping function.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: A seismic energy dissipator for building structures includes a cylinder body and a transmission rod. The transmission rod is slidably inserted into the cylinder body. A compressive energy dissipation component and a tensile energy dissipation component are arranged inside the cylinder body, and the compressive energy dissipation component and the tensile energy dissipation component divide the inner cavity of the cylinder body into a first chamber, a second chamber, and a third chamber.

[0007] The compression energy dissipation component includes a first positioning sleeve and a first positioning plug. The first positioning sleeve is fixedly connected to the cylinder block, the first positioning plug is fixedly connected to the transmission rod, the first positioning plug is slidably inserted into the first positioning sleeve, and a first communication gap is reserved between the first positioning plug and the first positioning sleeve.

[0008] The tensile energy dissipation component includes a second positioning sleeve and a second positioning plug. The second positioning sleeve is fixedly connected to the cylinder block, the second positioning plug is fixedly connected to the transmission rod, the second positioning plug is slidably inserted into the second positioning sleeve, and a second communication gap is reserved between the second positioning plug and the second positioning sleeve.

[0009] Both the first chamber and the second chamber are filled with packing materials. The packing material in the first chamber can enter the second chamber through the first communication gap, and the packing material in the second chamber can enter the third chamber through the second communication gap. The energy of the earthquake is absorbed or dissipated through the deformation and fragmentation of the packing materials, achieving the effects of earthquake resistance and vibration isolation, and reducing the seismic response of the building.

[0010] Preferably, the inner holes of the first positioning sleeve and the second positioning sleeve are both tapered holes. The inner walls of the first positioning sleeve and the second positioning sleeve are both provided with annular transition grooves. The first positioning plug and the second positioning plug are both of conical structures, and the first positioning plug and the second positioning plug are symmetrically arranged on the surface of the transmission rod in a mirror image manner, so that the compression energy dissipation component and the tensile energy dissipation component can dissipate the kinetic energy in the tensile and compressive directions of the earthquake.

[0011] Preferably, when the transmission rod slides into the cylinder block and drives the first positioning plug to approach the first positioning sleeve, the first communication gap decreases and the second communication gap increases; when the transmission rod slides out of the cylinder block and drives the second positioning plug to approach the second positioning sleeve, the first communication gap increases and the second communication gap decreases. When the transmission rod expands and contracts, the first communication gap and the second communication gap alternately increase or decrease, so as to discharge the crushed packing materials and allow new packing materials to enter the first communication gap and the second communication gap, meeting the requirement of sustainable replenishment of new packing materials and achieving the effect of lasting earthquake resistance and energy dissipation.

[0012] Preferably, a connection seat is fixedly installed at one end of the cylinder block away from the transmission rod. A guide sleeve is fixedly installed in the first chamber. The end of the transmission rod is slidably inserted into the guide sleeve. An air pressure chamber is provided in the connection seat and the guide sleeve. A piston is fixedly installed at the end of the transmission rod. The piston slides along the inner wall of the air pressure chamber. A one-way valve is embedded on the surface of the connection seat.

[0013] A communication air passage is provided inside the transmission rod, and a one-way valve is also provided at the entrance of the communication air passage. A plurality of first air holes and a plurality of second air holes are respectively provided on the surface of the transmission rod. The first air holes and the second air holes are both communicated with the air pressure chamber through the communication air passage. The outlet end of the first air hole faces the first communication gap, and the outlet end of the second air hole faces the second communication gap, accelerating the flow of internal air, facilitating heat dissipation, and ensuring the stability of the self-compressive performance of the filler and the reliability of the supply.

[0014] Preferably, a loading hole and a discharging hole are provided on the surface of the cylinder block. The loading hole is communicated with the first chamber, and the discharging hole is communicated with the third chamber. Plug heads are installed in the loading hole and the discharging hole by threads, facilitating the replacement of old and new fillers.

[0015] Preferably, a plurality of unit chambers are provided inside the cylinder block. A compressive energy dissipation component and a tensile energy dissipation component are provided in each unit chamber. The transmission rod extends into each unit chamber. Since the seismic energy consumed by each set of compressive energy dissipation component and tensile energy dissipation component is limited, when the length of the seismic energy dissipator permits, by increasing the number of compressive energy dissipation components and tensile energy dissipation components, the seismic energy dissipation performance is improved.

[0016] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. For the seismic energy dissipator proposed by the present invention, by providing a compressive energy dissipation component, a tensile energy dissipation component and a filler inside the cylinder block, the shaking of building components caused by an earthquake drives the first positioning plug and the second positioning plug to reciprocate through the transmission of the transmission rod, thereby squeezing the filler. The energy of the earthquake is absorbed or dissipated through the deformation and fragmentation of the filler, achieving the effects of earthquake resistance and vibration isolation, and reducing the seismic response of the building. This design has low requirements for the sealing of the cylinder block. Compared with a viscous damper, it solves the defect that the damping effect decreases due to leakage.

[0017] 2. For the seismic energy dissipator proposed by the present invention, the first positioning plug and the second positioning plug are symmetrically arranged on the surface of the transmission rod in a mirror image, and the first positioning plug and the second positioning plug are respectively slidably inserted into the first positioning sleeve and the second positioning sleeve. When the transmission rod expands and contracts, the first communication gap and the second communication gap alternately increase or decrease, so as to discharge the crushed filler and allow new filler to enter the first communication gap and the second communication gap. This design consumes seismic energy by sacrificing the filler, and new filler can be continuously replenished. Compared with a friction damper, it solves the defect that the damping effect is likely to decrease due to increased wear, greatly prolongs its service life, and reduces the maintenance cost.

[0018] 3. For the seismic energy dissipator proposed by the present invention, under normal conditions, the first communication gap and the second communication gap are both filled with fillers. The fillers restrict the changes in the first communication gap and the second communication gap, endowing it with good load-bearing capacity. When the shaking of the building caused by an earthquake is relatively small, the seismic energy is absorbed through the deformation of the fillers. When the shaking of the building caused by an earthquake is relatively large, the seismic energy is absorbed through the crushing of the fillers. It has good energy dissipation capacity and stable mechanical properties. Its application can comprehensively improve the seismic performance of the seismic energy dissipator under medium and large earthquakes.

[0019] 4. For the seismic energy dissipator proposed by the present invention, by arranging a piston at the end of the transmission rod, and arranging a first air hole and a second air hole on the transmission rod facing the first communication gap and the second communication gap. When the transmission rod expands and contracts, the piston does work on the air in the guide sleeve, pressing the air in the guide sleeve into the first communication gap and the second communication gap, guiding the flow of the fillers. The fillers are crushed under extrusion, converting the kinetic energy of the earthquake into heat energy, accelerating the flow of the internal air, which is beneficial to heat dissipation, ensuring the stability of the self-compressive performance of the fillers and the reliability of the supply. Gradation sand and gravel are used as fillers. The gradation sand and gravel include a mixture of sand and gravel with different particle sizes. After the large-particle-size sand and gravel are crushed, there are still small-particle-size sand and gravel to absorb the seismic energy, achieving the effect of multi-level seismic energy dissipation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 is a partial cross-sectional three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of the seismic energy dissipator proposed by the present invention Figure 1 ; Figure 2 is a partial cross-sectional three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of the seismic energy dissipator proposed by the present invention Figure 2 ; Figure 3 is a front cross-sectional structure schematic diagram of the seismic energy dissipator proposed by the present invention; Figure 4 is Figure 3 a partial structure enlarged schematic diagram; Figure 5 is a partial cross-sectional structure schematic diagram of the cylinder block proposed by the present invention Figure 1 ; Figure 6 is a partial cross-sectional structure schematic diagram of the cylinder block proposed by the present invention Figure 2 ; Figure 7 is a front cross-sectional structure schematic diagram of the first positioning sleeve proposed by the present invention; Figure 8 is an installation schematic diagram of the seismic energy dissipator proposed by the present invention.

[0021] In the figure: 1 cylinder block, 2 transmission rod, 3 first chamber, 4 second chamber, 5 third chamber, 6 first positioning sleeve, 7 first positioning plug, 8 first communication gap, 9 second positioning sleeve, 10 second positioning plug, 11 second communication gap, 12 packing, 13 transition groove, 14 connecting seat, 15 guide sleeve, 16 piston, 17 check valve, 18 communication air passage, 19 first air hole, 20 second air hole, 21 charging hole, 22 discharging hole, 23 primary sand and gravel, 24 secondary sand and gravel, 25 building cross beam structure. Detailed implementation manner

[0022] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments.

[0023] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

[0024] Referring to Figures 1 - 8 , an earthquake-resistant energy dissipator for a building structure includes a cylinder block 1 and a transmission rod 2. The transmission rod 2 is slidably inserted into the cylinder block 1. An anti-compression energy dissipation component and an anti-tensile energy dissipation component are arranged inside the cylinder block 1. The anti-compression energy dissipation component and the anti-tensile energy dissipation component divide the inner cavity of the cylinder block 1 into a first chamber 3, a second chamber 4, and a third chamber 5.

[0025] A charging hole 21 and a discharging hole 22 are opened on the surface of the cylinder block 1. The charging hole 21 communicates with the first chamber 3, and the discharging hole 22 communicates with the third chamber 5. Plugs are threadedly installed in both the charging hole 21 and the discharging hole 22.

[0026] Among them, referring to Figure 2 , Figure 3 , the anti-compression energy dissipation component includes a first positioning sleeve 6 and a first positioning plug 7. The first positioning sleeve 6 is fixedly connected to the cylinder block 1, the first positioning plug 7 is fixedly connected to the transmission rod 2, the first positioning plug 7 is slidably inserted into the first positioning sleeve 6, and a first communication gap 8 is reserved between the first positioning plug 7 and the first positioning sleeve 6.

[0027] The anti-tensile energy dissipation component includes a second positioning sleeve 9 and a second positioning plug 10. The second positioning sleeve 9 is fixedly connected to the cylinder block 1, the second positioning plug 10 is fixedly connected to the transmission rod 2, the second positioning plug 10 is slidably inserted into the second positioning sleeve 9, and a second communication gap 11 is reserved between the second positioning plug 10 and the second positioning sleeve 9.

[0028] Specifically, the inner holes of the first positioning sleeve 6 and the second positioning sleeve 9 are both tapered holes. Ring-shaped transition grooves 13 are provided on the inner walls of the first positioning sleeve 6 and the second positioning sleeve 9. The first positioning plug 7 and the second positioning plug 10 are both conical structures. The first positioning plug 7 and the second positioning plug 10 are symmetrically arranged on the surface of the transmission rod 2 in a mirror image. Refer to Figure 3 , when the transmission rod 2 moves left and right, the sizes of the first communication gap 8 and the second communication gap 11 can be changed.

[0029] As Figure 5 , Figure 6 shown, packing materials 12 are filled in both the first chamber 3 and the second chamber 4. The packing materials 12 in the first chamber 3 can enter the second chamber 4 through the first communication gap 8, and the packing materials 12 in the second chamber 4 can enter the third chamber 5 through the second communication gap 11.

[0030] It should be noted that graded sand and gravel are used as the packing materials 12. Graded sand and gravel refer to the sand and gravel with different particle sizes processed and screened manually and mixed in a certain proportion. Taking the first-grade sand and gravel 23 and the second-grade sand and gravel 24 in the packing materials 12 as an example, the particle size of the first-grade sand and gravel 23 is larger than that of the second-grade sand and gravel 24. Both the first-grade sand and gravel 23 and the second-grade sand and gravel 24 can automatically fall into the first communication gap 8 and the second communication gap 11. As Figure 7 shown, when the first positioning plug 7 expands and contracts in the first positioning sleeve 6, the packing materials 12 are squeezed, and the packing materials 12 are crushed to consume seismic energy.

[0031] During use, as Figure 8 shown, the seismic energy dissipator proposed by the present invention is arranged in a herringbone manner and is movably connected to the building beam structure 25. Under the action of an earthquake, the building beam structure 25 shakes left and right, and the building components transfer the seismic energy to the seismic energy dissipator in the form of tensile and compressive forces. That is, the transmission rod 2 receives a downward pulling force or an upward pressing force, causing the transmission rod 2 to expand and contract.

[0032] When the transmission rod 2 receives an upward pressing force and slides into the cylinder body 1, driving the first positioning plug 7 to approach the first positioning sleeve 6, the first communication gap 8 decreases, and the second communication gap 11 increases. At this time, as Figure 5 shown, the packing materials 12 in the first communication gap 8 are squeezed to consume the energy of the upward earthquake pressure. Since the second communication gap 11 increases, the packing materials 12 in its gap fall into the third chamber 5, and the packing materials 12 in the second chamber 4 can fall into the second communication gap 11.

[0033] When the transmission rod 2 receives a downward pulling force and slides out of the cylinder body 1, driving the second positioning plug 10 to approach the second positioning sleeve 9, the first communication gap 8 increases, and the second communication gap 11 decreases. At this time, as Figure 6As shown, the filler 12 in the second connecting gap 11 is squeezed, consuming the energy of the earthquake pull-down, the first connecting gap 8 is enlarged, and the filler 12 in the gap falls into the second chamber 4, and the filler 12 in the first chamber 3 can fall into the first connecting gap 8.

[0034] Under normal conditions, the first connecting gap 8 and the second connecting gap 11 are filled with fillers 12. The fillers 12 limit the changes of the first connecting gap 8 and the second connecting gap 11, so that they have good bearing capacity. When the earthquake causes a small shaking of the building, the earthquake energy is absorbed by the deformation of the fillers 12. When the earthquake causes a large shaking of the building, the earthquake energy is absorbed by the crushing of the fillers 12. It has good energy dissipation capacity and stable mechanical properties. Its application can comprehensively improve the seismic performance of the seismic energy absorber under moderate and large earthquakes. In addition, the transition groove 13 is also filled with fillers 12. When the size of the first connecting gap 8 and the second connecting gap 11 changes, the fillers 12 in the transition groove 13 flow into the first connecting gap 8 and the second connecting gap 11.

[0035] During the later maintenance process, the plug is opened to discharge the old filler 12 from the discharge hole 22, and then new filler 12 is added from the loading hole 21. The filler 12 is made of inorganic material such as sand and gravel, which has good stability in the natural environment.

[0036] The anti-seismic energy absorber proposed in the present invention has a first locating plug 7 and a second locating plug 10 which are arranged on the surface of the transmission rod 2 in a mirror-symmetrical manner, and the first locating plug 7 and the second locating plug 10 are slidably inserted into the first locating sleeve 6 and the second locating sleeve 9 respectively. When the transmission rod 2 is telescopically movable, the first connecting gap 8 and the second connecting gap 11 are alternately increased or decreased so as to discharge the crushed filler 12 and allow the new filler 12 to enter the first connecting gap 8 and the second connecting gap 11. This design consumes seismic energy by sacrificing the filler 12, and the new filler 12 can be continuously replenished. Compared with the friction damper, this design solves the defect that the damping effect is easily reduced due to increased wear, greatly prolongs its service life, and reduces maintenance costs.

[0037] By arranging a compressive energy-absorbing component, a tensile energy-absorbing component and a filler 12 in the cylinder body 1, the shaking of the building components caused by the earthquake drives the first positioning plug 7 and the second positioning plug 10 to reciprocate through the transmission of the transmission rod 2, thereby squeezing the filler 12. The deformation and crushing of the filler 12 absorb or dissipate the energy of the earthquake, thereby achieving the effect of earthquake resistance and seismic isolation, and reducing the seismic response of the building. This design does not have high requirements on the sealing of the cylinder body 1. Compared with the viscous damper, it solves the defect of reduced damping effect caused by leakage.

[0038] In this embodiment, a connecting seat 14 is fixedly installed at one end of the cylinder block 1 away from the transmission rod 2. A guide sleeve 15 is fixedly installed in the first chamber 3. The end of the transmission rod 2 is slidably inserted into the guide sleeve 15. An air pressure chamber is provided in the connecting seat 14 and the guide sleeve 15. A piston 16 is fixedly installed at the end of the transmission rod 2. The piston 16 slides along the inner wall of the air pressure chamber. A one-way valve 17 is embedded on the surface of the connecting seat 14.

[0039] A communicating air passage 18 is formed inside the transmission rod 2. A one-way valve 17 is also provided at the entrance of the communicating air passage 18. A plurality of first air holes 19 and a plurality of second air holes 20 are respectively formed on the surface of the transmission rod 2. The first air holes 19 and the second air holes 20 are both communicated with the air pressure chamber through the communicating air passage 18. The outlet end of the first air hole 19 faces the first communication gap 8. The outlet end of the second air hole 20 extends to the surface of the second positioning plug 10 and faces the second communication gap 11. During use, the transmission rod 2 expands and contracts under the action of an external force, driving the piston 16 to move back and forth in the air pressure chamber. The air pressure in the air pressure chamber decreases, and the outside air enters the air pressure chamber through the one-way valve 17 on the surface of the connecting seat 14. When the air pressure in the air pressure chamber increases, the air in the air pressure chamber passes through the inner one-way valve 17 and enters the communicating air passage 18, and finally is discharged from the first air holes 19 and the second air holes 20.

[0040] By providing the piston 16 at the end of the transmission rod 2, and the first air holes 19 and the second air holes 20 on the transmission rod 2 that face the first communication gap 8 and the second communication gap 11, when the transmission rod 2 expands and contracts, the piston 16 does work on the air in the guide sleeve 15, pressing the air in the guide sleeve 15 into the first communication gap 8 and the second communication gap 11, guiding the flow of the filler 12. The filler 12 is crushed under extrusion, converting the kinetic energy of the earthquake into heat energy. The first air holes 19 and the second air holes 20 exhaust air, accelerating the flow of the internal air, which is beneficial to the heat dissipation of the filler 12, ensuring the stability of the self-compressive performance of the filler 12 and the reliability of the supply.

[0041] The seismic energy dissipator proposed by the present invention uses graded sand and gravel as the filler 12. The graded sand and gravel includes a mixture of sand and gravel with different particle sizes. After the large particle size sand and gravel are crushed by extrusion, there are still small particle size sand and gravel to absorb the earthquake energy, achieving the effect of multi-level seismic energy dissipation. A plurality of unit chambers are provided in the cylinder block 1. A compressive energy dissipation component and a tensile energy dissipation component are provided in each unit chamber. The transmission rod 2 extends into each unit chamber. Since the amount of earthquake energy consumed by each set of compressive energy dissipation components and tensile energy dissipation components is limited, and within the allowable length of the seismic energy dissipator, by increasing the number of compressive energy dissipation components and tensile energy dissipation components, the seismic energy dissipation performance is improved to reduce the seismic response of the building, so that the building only undergoes slight movement and deformation during an earthquake, thereby preventing the building from being damaged or collapsing under the action of the earthquake.

[0042] The above are only the preferred specific embodiments of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, according to the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, making equivalent substitutions or changes, shall be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An anti-seismic energy dissipator for building structures, comprising a cylinder block (1) and a transmission rod (2), the transmission rod (2) being slidably inserted into the cylinder block (1), and characterized in that: Inside the cylinder block (1), a compressive energy dissipation component and a tensile energy dissipation component are provided. The compressive energy dissipation component and the tensile energy dissipation component divide the inner cavity of the cylinder block (1) into a first chamber (3), a second chamber (4) and a third chamber (5); The compressive energy dissipation component includes a first positioning sleeve (6) and a first positioning plug (7). The first positioning sleeve (6) is fixedly connected to the cylinder block (1), the first positioning plug (7) is fixedly connected to the transmission rod (2), the first positioning plug (7) is slidably inserted into the first positioning sleeve (6), and a first communication gap (8) is reserved between the first positioning plug (7) and the first positioning sleeve (6); The tensile energy dissipation component includes a second positioning sleeve (9) and a second positioning plug (10). The second positioning sleeve (9) is fixedly connected to the cylinder block (1), the second positioning plug (10) is fixedly connected to the transmission rod (2), the second positioning plug (10) is slidably inserted into the second positioning sleeve (9), and a second communication gap (11) is reserved between the second positioning plug (10) and the second positioning sleeve (9); The first chamber (3) and the second chamber (4) are both filled with packing (12). The packing (12) in the first chamber (3) can enter the second chamber (4) through the first communication gap (8), and the packing (12) in the second chamber (4) can enter the third chamber (5) through the second communication gap (11).

2. The seismic energy dissipator for a building structure according to claim 1, wherein: The inner holes of the first positioning sleeve (6) and the second positioning sleeve (9) are both tapered holes. The first positioning plug (7) and the second positioning plug (10) are both conical structures, and the first positioning plug (7) and the second positioning plug (10) are symmetrically arranged on the surface of the transmission rod (2) in a mirror image manner.

3. The seismic energy dissipator for a building structure according to claim 2, wherein: When the transmission rod (2) slides into the cylinder block (1) and drives the first positioning plug (7) to approach the first positioning sleeve (6), the first communication gap (8) decreases and the second communication gap (11) increases.

4. The seismic energy dissipator for a building structure according to claim 3, wherein: When the transmission rod (2) slides out of the cylinder block (1) and drives the second positioning plug (10) to approach the second positioning sleeve (9), the first communication gap (8) increases and the second communication gap (11) decreases.

5. The seismic energy dissipator for building structures according to claim 4, wherein: Annular transition grooves (13) are provided on the inner walls of the first positioning sleeve (6) and the second positioning sleeve (9).

6. The seismic energy dissipator for a building structure according to claim 5, wherein: A connecting seat (14) is fixedly installed at one end of the cylinder block (1) away from the transmission rod (2). A guide sleeve (15) is fixedly installed in the first chamber (3). The end of the transmission rod (2) is slidably inserted into the guide sleeve (15). An air pressure chamber is provided in the connecting seat (14) and the guide sleeve (15). A piston (16) is fixedly installed at the end of the transmission rod (2). The piston (16) slides along the inner wall of the air pressure chamber. A one-way valve (17) is embedded on the surface of the connecting seat (14).

7. The seismic energy dissipator for a building structure according to claim 6, characterized in that: A communication air passage (18) is provided inside the transmission rod (2), and a one-way valve (17) is also provided at the entrance of the communication air passage (18). A plurality of first air holes (19) and a plurality of second air holes (20) are respectively formed on the surface of the transmission rod (2). The first air holes (19) and the second air holes (20) are both communicated with the air pressure chamber through the communication air passage (18). The outlet end of the first air hole (19) faces the first communication gap (8), and the outlet end of the second air hole (20) faces the second communication gap (11).

8. The seismic energy dissipator for a building structure according to claim 7, wherein: A charging hole (21) and a discharging hole (22) are formed on the surface of the cylinder block (1). The charging hole (21) is communicated with the first chamber (3), and the discharging hole (22) is communicated with the third chamber (5). Plugs are installed in the charging hole (21) and the discharging hole (22) by means of threads.

9. The seismic energy dissipator for a building structure according to claim 8, wherein: A plurality of unit chambers are provided inside the cylinder block (1). A compressive energy dissipation component and a tensile energy dissipation component are provided in each unit chamber, and the transmission rod (2) extends into each unit chamber.

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