Trenchless horizontal directional rock drilling roller bit

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of rock drilling roller bits, in particular to a trenchless horizontal directional rock drilling roller bit which comprises a bit body. A primary crushing assembly is installed at the edge of the outer side of the upper end of the main drill rod, a reinforced crushing assembly is installed at the lower end of the main drill rod, and an auxiliary drill rod capable of assisting in chip removal is installed at the lower end of the reinforced crushing assembly. The primary crushing assembly internally comprises a first crushing rotating wheel installed at the upper end of the main drill rod, and three sets of tooth claws distributed in a radial shape are installed on the edge of the upper end of the first crushing rotating wheel. According to the primary crushing assembly, through the combined action of a first crushing rotating wheel and a tooth claw, various crushing modes such as impacting and shearing are achieved, the reinforced crushing assembly is matched with the main drill rod to rotate to generate shearing force, large rock debris left by the primary crushing assembly can be crushed, and the rock crushing efficiency is further improved; and the auxiliary drill rod structure can assist in discharging rock debris in the drilling process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of rock - drilling cone bits, and in particular to a trenchless horizontal directional rock - drilling cone bit. Background Art

[0002] A trenchless horizontal directional rock - drilling cone bit is a professional rock - breaking tool applied in the trenchless horizontal directional drilling technology. It is mainly used for drilling in rock formations to lay underground facilities such as pipelines and cables. Its core feature is to break rocks by the rotation of cone bits, and at the same time, combined with the directional drilling technology, it can complete the drilling operation with long distance and complex trajectories without damaging the ground surface.

[0003] Traditional bits mainly rely on the impact and crushing effect generated by the rotation of cone bits to break rocks. For hard rocks such as granite and basalt, or complex formations with interbedded hard and soft rocks and well - developed fractures, a single crushing method easily leads to rapid wear of the bit and a significant decrease in rock - breaking efficiency. The cone teeth of traditional bits are mostly uniformly distributed conical teeth or wedge - shaped teeth, and the tip strength is insufficient, which is prone to cracking or rapid wear in rocks with high compressive strength. At the same time, a single crushing trajectory easily leads to rock debris accumulation, forming repeated crushing and consuming additional energy.

[0004] Therefore, aiming at the problems of the traditional bit with a single crushing mechanism, low rock - breaking efficiency for hard rocks, and defects in the layout and strength of crushing teeth, which are prone to cracking and wear phenomena, a trenchless horizontal directional rock - drilling cone bit can be designed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to overcome the problems of the traditional bit with a single crushing mechanism, low rock - breaking efficiency for hard rocks, and defects in the layout and strength of crushing teeth, which are prone to cracking and wear phenomena.

[0006] The technical solution is as follows: A trenchless horizontal directional rock - drilling cone bit includes a bit body. A main drill pipe is installed at the lower end of the bit body. A preliminary crushing assembly is installed at the outer edge of the upper end of the main drill pipe. A strengthening crushing assembly is installed at the lower end of the main drill pipe. A sub - drill pipe capable of assisting in chip removal is installed at the lower end of the strengthening crushing assembly. A connecting sleeve is installed at the lower end of the sub - drill pipe. The preliminary crushing assembly internally includes a first crushing runner installed at the upper end of the main drill pipe, and three sets of tooth claws are radially distributed at the upper edge of the first crushing runner.

[0007] Furthermore, a plurality of sets of first crushing teeth are equidistantly distributed on the side end of the first crushing runner. Second crushing teeth are installed on the outer edge of the tooth claws. A top drill - pressure tooth is installed at the upper end of the tooth claws, and the top drill - pressure tooth is a hard alloy convex tooth, which bears the axial drill pressure and impacts and breaks hard rocks.

[0008] Further, a threaded installation groove extending into the interior of the main drill pipe is provided at the center of the upper end of the first crushing runner, and a nozzle for jetting drilling fluid is provided through the interior of the first crushing runner and the main drill pipe.

[0009] Further, the interior of the drill bit body includes a mounting stud threadedly connected to the threaded installation groove. A sealing pressure ring is provided at the upper end of the mounting stud, and the sealing pressure ring is made of high-pressure resistant rubber material. A limiting disk is installed at the upper end of the sealing pressure ring.

[0010] Further, a stepped drill bit is installed at the upper end of the limiting disk, and the stepped drill bit is designed with a cylinder having three diameters decreasing step by step.

[0011] Further, multiple groups of broken teeth arranged obliquely are installed on the outer surface of the main drill pipe, and multiple groups of third broken teeth are installed on the outside of the broken teeth at equal intervals.

[0012] Further, the enhanced crushing assembly includes two second crushing runners installed at the lower end of the main drill pipe. Multiple groups of fourth broken teeth are installed at equal intervals on the side ends of the second crushing runners, and the fourth broken teeth are designed in a serrated shape to generate a shearing force in cooperation with the rotation of the main drill pipe to crush the large rock chips left by the preliminary crushing assembly.

[0013] Further, multiple groups of auxiliary paddles are provided on the outer surface of the auxiliary drill pipe in an equidistant and cross-distributed manner. The auxiliary drill pipe is a cylindrical hollow structure with an outer diameter smaller than that of the main drill pipe. It is connected to the lower end of the enhanced crushing assembly through a flange, and a main channel for drilling fluid is formed inside.

[0014] The beneficial effects are as follows: Through the combined action of the first crushing runner and the tooth claws, the preliminary crushing assembly of the present invention realizes various crushing methods such as impact and shearing, effectively dealing with hard rocks such as granite and basalt, as well as complex strata with alternating hard and soft layers and well-developed fissures, avoiding the problem of reduced rock-breaking efficiency caused by the single crushing method of traditional drill bits; the enhanced crushing assembly cooperates with the rotation of the main drill pipe to generate a shearing force, which can crush the large rock chips left by the preliminary crushing assembly, further improving the rock-breaking efficiency; through the structure of the auxiliary drill pipe, it can assist in discharging rock chips during the drilling process, reducing rock chip accumulation, avoiding repeated crushing, and reducing energy consumption; the installation between the drill bit body and the main drill pipe is convenient and fast, and it is also convenient for subsequent disassembly and maintenance; this trenchless horizontal directional drilling rock roller bit combines multiple crushing methods, including impact crushing, shear crushing, and drilling fluid-assisted crushing, which can effectively deal with various complex strata, improve the rock-breaking efficiency, and at the same time improve the strength and durability of the broken teeth, reduce drill bit wear, and extend the service life. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the trenchless horizontal directional drilling rock roller bit of the present invention; Figure 2Another perspective three-dimensional structure diagram of the present invention; Figure 3 Three-dimensional structure diagram of the first crushing runner of the present invention; Figure 4 Three-dimensional structure diagram of the threaded installation groove of the present invention; Figure 5 Exploded structure diagram of the drill bit body of the present invention; Figure 6 Three-dimensional structure diagram of the main drill pipe of the present invention; Figure 7 Three-dimensional structure diagram of the auxiliary dial of the present invention.

[0016] In the reference numerals: 1, drill bit body; 2, main drill pipe; 5, sub-drill pipe; 6, connecting sleeve; 7, threaded installation groove; 8, nozzle; 101, mounting stud; 102, sealing gland; 103, limiting disc; 104, stepped drill bit; 201, crushing rack; 202, third crushing tooth; 301, first crushing runner; 302, cone; 303, first crushing tooth; 304, second crushing tooth; 305, top drilling pressure tooth; 401, second crushing runner; 402, fourth crushing tooth; 501, auxiliary dial. Detailed implementation manners

[0017] The present invention will be specifically introduced below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.

[0018] Embodiment 1 As Figures 1-6 shown, a trenchless horizontal directional drilling roller cone bit includes a drill bit body 1; a main drill pipe 2 is installed at the lower end of the drill bit body 1, a preliminary crushing assembly is installed at the outer edge of the upper end of the main drill pipe 2, a strengthening crushing assembly is installed at the lower end of the main drill pipe 2, a sub-drill pipe 5 capable of assisting in chip removal is installed at the lower end of the strengthening crushing assembly, a connecting sleeve 6 is installed at the lower end of the sub-drill pipe 5, the preliminary crushing assembly internally includes a first crushing runner 301 installed at the upper end of the main drill pipe 2, three groups of cones 302 distributed radially are installed at the upper edge of the first crushing runner 301, and the included angle therebetween is between 95° and 120°, and this design helps to form a larger crushing area during rotation.

[0019] A plurality of groups of first crushing teeth 303 are installed at equal intervals on the side end of the first crushing runner 301, a second crushing tooth 304 is installed at the outer edge of the cone 302, a top drilling pressure tooth 305 is installed at the upper end of the cone 302, and the top drilling pressure tooth 305 is a hard alloy convex tooth, which bears the axial drilling pressure and impacts and crushes hard rock, and has high hardness and good wear resistance, and can effectively improve the rock breaking efficiency; The first crushing teeth 303 and the second crushing teeth 304 form multi-directional cutting, generating a shearing force on the rock during rotation, making up for the deficiency of the single impact crushing of the traditional drill bit; The second crushing tooth 304 adopts an inlaid tooth design, that is, a carbide tooth column is embedded in the base of the tooth claw 302, and the tooth pitch is 15 mm, which is used for transverse cutting of rock formations.

[0020] A threaded installation groove 7 extending to the inside of the main drill pipe 2 is provided at the center of the upper end of the first crushing wheel 301, and a nozzle 8 for injecting drilling fluid is provided through the first crushing wheel 301 and the inside of the main drill pipe 2; The fourth crushing tooth 402 adopts a sawtooth design, with a tooth height of 10 mm and a tooth pitch of 8 mm; The nozzle 8 is directly connected to the drilling fluid channel, and the high-pressure drilling fluid can be sprayed to achieve precise cooling and lubrication of the rock breaking area, reduce the frictional heat damage between the crushing teeth and the rocks, and prevent the rock chips from adhering to the tooth surface to form a "mud bag" phenomenon; The nozzle 8 is a radial through hole that penetrates the first crushing wheel 301 and the main drill pipe 2, and has a diameter between 10-15 mm; The angle between the nozzle axis and the axis of the main drill pipe 2 is between 20-30 degrees, so that the drilling fluid impacts the bottom of the hole with an oblique high-speed jet, and the flow rate is ≥20m / s, which can assist in breaking the rock formation and cooling the drill bit.

[0021] The drill bit body 1 includes a mounting stud 101 threadedly connected to the threaded mounting groove 7, and a sealing pressure ring 102 is provided on the upper end of the mounting stud 101. The sealing pressure ring 102 is made of high-pressure resistant rubber material, and a limit plate 103 is installed on the upper end of the sealing pressure ring 102; The sealing pressure ring 102 can ensure the sealing of the drilling fluid channel, can withstand the impact of 15MPa high-pressure drilling fluid, and avoid the problem of circulation pressure drop caused by leakage at the connection of the traditional drill bit.

[0022] A stepped drill bit 104 is installed on the upper end of the limit plate 103, and the stepped drill bit 104 adopts a three-stage cylindrical design with decreasing diameters, which can form a graded hole expansion effect during drilling, reduce drilling resistance, and improve drilling efficiency.

[0023] The outer surface of the main drill pipe 2 is equipped with multiple groups of crushing racks 201 with inclined devices, and multiple groups of third crushing teeth 202 with equal spacing are installed on the outer side of the crushing rack 201, forming a spiral cutting track during rotation, which not only increases the crushing area, but also pushes the cuttings to the outside of the hole wall through the oblique force, reducing the accumulation and wear between the teeth; The crushing rack 201 is provided with 4-6 groups, and the inclination angle is 30°; The third crushing teeth 202 are hard alloy teeth; The oblique structure enables the crushing rack 201 to generate an axial force component when rotating, which has the functions of scraping and pushing cuttings, thereby reducing the circumferential resistance of the drill bit.

[0024] The enhanced crushing assembly includes two groups of second crushing wheels 401 installed at the lower end of the main drill pipe 2. A plurality of groups of fourth crushing teeth 402 are installed at the side ends of the second crushing wheels 401 at equal intervals, and the fourth crushing teeth 402 are designed in a serrated shape to cooperate with the rotation of the main drill pipe 2 to generate a shearing force to crush the large rock debris left by the preliminary crushing assembly; The tooth claws 302, the first crushing wheels 301, and the second crushing wheels 401 are all milled and formed by a five-axis linkage CNC machining center, and the tooth groove positioning accuracy is ±0.02 mm to ensure uniform force during rock breaking.

[0025] Before working, through the threaded connection between the stud 101 installed in the drill bit body 1 and the threaded installation groove 7 at the upper end of the first crushing wheel 301, preliminary fixation is achieved, and the sealing retainer ring 102 ensures the sealing of the drilling fluid channel, avoiding the problem of reduced circulation pressure caused by leakage at the connection of traditional drill bits; During use, the drill bit rotates under power drive, and the tooth claws 302 on the first crushing wheel 301, the second crushing teeth 304 on the outside, and the top drilling pressure teeth 305 at the upper end start to work. The top drilling pressure teeth 305 bear the axial drilling pressure and impact and crush hard rock. The first crushing teeth 303 and the second crushing teeth 304 form multi-directional cutting, generating a shearing force on the rock during rotation to make up for the deficiency of single impact crushing of traditional drill bits; The crushing rack 201 on the outer surface of the main drill pipe 2 and the third crushing teeth 202 on the outside also participate in the crushing work, forming a spiral cutting trajectory during rotation to increase the crushing area. At the same time, the rock debris is pushed to the outside of the hole wall through the oblique force to reduce the accumulation and wear between the teeth; After preliminary crushing, the large rock debris enters the area of the enhanced crushing assembly. The fourth crushing teeth 402 at the side ends of the second crushing wheels 401 cooperate with the rotation of the main drill pipe 2 to generate a shearing force to further crush the large rock debris left by the preliminary crushing assembly; Embodiment 2 On the basis of Embodiment 1, as Figures 1-7 shown, a plurality of groups of auxiliary paddles 501 are arranged on the outer surface of the sub-drill pipe 5 at equal intervals and crosswise; The sub-drill pipe 5 is a cylindrical hollow structure with an outer diameter smaller than that of the main drill pipe 2. It is connected to the lower end of the enhanced crushing assembly through a flange, and a main drilling fluid channel is formed inside; There are 4 - 8 groups of auxiliary paddles 501. The thickness of the paddle is 5 mm and the height is 30 mm. When rotating, the auxiliary paddles 501 stir the rock debris at the bottom of the hole, cooperate with the flow rate of the drilling fluid to form a vortex, and improve the chip removal efficiency; the crosswise distribution design can avoid the chip removal blind area in a single direction; The auxiliary paddles 501 and the crushing rack 201 form a spiral diversion channel, which cooperates with the flow of the drilling fluid to realize the dual axial and radial discharge of the rock debris.

[0026] In practical applications, appropriate bit parameters and configurations can be selected according to different formation conditions and construction requirements; for example, in hard rock formations, the number and hardness of the crushing teeth can be appropriately increased; in formations with alternating hard and soft layers, the distribution and angle of the crushing teeth can be adjusted to improve the rock-breaking efficiency. At the same time, during the construction process, drilling parameters such as weight on bit, rotational speed, and drilling fluid flow rate should be strictly controlled to ensure the normal operation of the bit and construction safety.

[0027] When the bit is in use, the auxiliary paddles 501 on the outer surface of the sub-drill pipe 5 and the crushing racks 201 on the outer surface of the main drill pipe 2 form a spiral diversion groove to cooperate with the flow of the drilling fluid; The high-pressure drilling fluid is sprayed through the drilling fluid channel directly connected to the nozzle 8 penetrating through the inside of the first crushing runner 301 and the main drill pipe 2, realizing precise cooling and lubrication of the rock-breaking area, reducing the frictional heat damage between the crushing teeth and the rock, and at the same time preventing cuttings from adhering to the tooth surface to form a "mud pack" phenomenon; Under the combined action of the spiral diversion groove and the flow of the drilling fluid, the axial and radial double discharge of cuttings is realized, enabling the cuttings to be smoothly discharged from the working area of the bit and ensuring the continuous progress of the drilling operation.

Claims

1. A trenchless horizontal directional drilling rock roller bit, characterized in that, It includes a drill bit body (1); a main drill pipe (2) is installed at the lower end of the drill bit body (1), a preliminary crushing assembly is installed at the outer edge of the upper end of the main drill pipe (2), a strengthening crushing assembly is installed at the lower end of the main drill pipe (2), a secondary drill pipe (5) capable of assisting in chip removal is installed at the lower end of the strengthening crushing assembly, a connecting sleeve (6) is installed at the lower end of the secondary drill pipe (5), the preliminary crushing assembly internally includes a first crushing runner (301) installed at the upper end of the main drill pipe (2), and three groups of tooth claws (302) distributed radially are installed at the upper edge of the first crushing runner (301).

2. The non-excavation horizontal directional drilling rock roller bit according to claim 1, wherein A plurality of groups of first crushing teeth (303) are installed at equal intervals on the side end of the first crushing runner (301), second crushing teeth (304) are installed on the outer edge of the tooth claw (302), a top drilling pressure tooth (305) is installed at the upper end of the tooth claw (302), and the top drilling pressure tooth (305) is a hard alloy convex tooth, which bears the axial drilling pressure and impacts and breaks hard rock.

3. The non-excavation horizontal directional drilling rock roller bit according to claim 1, wherein A threaded installation groove (7) extending into the interior of the main drill pipe (2) is opened at the center of the upper end of the first crushing runner (301), and a nozzle (8) for spraying drilling fluid is penetrated through the first crushing runner (301) and the main drill pipe (2).

4. The non-excavation horizontal directional drilling rock roller bit according to claim 3, wherein, The interior of the drill bit body (1) includes a mounting stud (101) threadedly connected to the threaded installation groove (7), a sealing pressure ring (102) is provided at the upper end of the mounting stud (101), and the sealing pressure ring (102) is made of high-pressure resistant rubber material, and a limit disk (103) is installed at the upper end of the sealing pressure ring (102).

5. A trenchless horizontal directional drilling rock roller bit according to claim 4, characterized in that, A stepped drill bit (104) is installed at the upper end of the limit disk (103), and the stepped drill bit (104) is designed as a cylinder with three sections of decreasing diameters.

6. The non-excavation horizontal directional drilling rock roller bit according to claim 1, characterized in that, A plurality of groups of obliquely arranged crushing racks (201) are installed on the outer surface of the main drill pipe (2), and a plurality of groups of third crushing teeth (202) are installed at equal intervals outside the crushing racks (201).

7. The non-excavation horizontal directional drilling rock roller bit according to claim 1, wherein, The strengthening crushing assembly includes two groups of second crushing runners (401) installed at the lower end of the main drill pipe (2), a plurality of groups of fourth crushing teeth (402) are installed at equal intervals on the side end of the second crushing runner (401), and the fourth crushing teeth (402) are designed in a sawtooth shape, and cooperate with the rotation of the main drill pipe (2) to generate a shearing force to crush the large rock chips left by the preliminary crushing assembly.

8. The non-excavation horizontal directional drilling rock roller bit according to claim 1, wherein, A plurality of groups of auxiliary paddles (501) are arranged at equal intervals and crosswise on the outer surface of the secondary drill pipe (5), the secondary drill pipe (5) is a cylindrical hollow structure, the outer diameter is smaller than that of the main drill pipe (2), and it is connected to the lower end of the strengthening crushing assembly through a flange, and a main drilling fluid channel is formed inside.

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