Railway freight car on-board self-power generation beidou positioning system and method

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of railway wagon positioning, and discloses a railway wagon self-power-generation Beidou positioning system and method, which comprises the following steps: welding a support to fix the system on a railway wagon, and protecting the positioning system by an electronic bin; self-power-generation equipment is used for self-power-generation and management; a Beidou positioning device is used for data collection; a state monitoring device is used for acquiring real-time data; a main control unit is used for intelligent judgment and mode switching; the main control unit is used for data processing and reporting; a wireless communication device is used for data transmission; a management platform device is used for platform processing and feedback; and an alarm device is used for issuing sound and light alarms when the wagon is in an abnormal state. The wind power generation module and the shaft end power generation module are used to generate power by using airflow energy and shaft rotation mechanical energy when the wagon is running, so as to provide stable energy; and the power management module is used for real-time monitoring and accurate control of the charging process of the lithium iron phosphate battery pack through a charging control unit, so as to realize accurate positioning and comprehensive monitoring of the wagon.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of railway freight car positioning technology, more specifically, to a railway freight car self-powered Beidou positioning system and method. BACKGROUND

[0002] Railway transportation, as an important pillar of the national logistics transportation system, carries a large number of cross-regional transportation tasks. In the field of railway freight transportation, the application of railway freight car positioning system has great significance, which not only deeply affects the operation mode of the transportation industry, but also plays an irreplaceable role in economic development, social stability, etc.

[0003] The prior art document with publication number CN115097503A provides a freight car positioning terminal based on a Beidou positioning system, which includes a CPU, a freight car center, a freight car position receiving center, and a Beidou positioning system. The CPU includes a central control module and a dual-band WiFi circuit module. The CPU is connected to the Beidou positioning system. The Beidou positioning system is connected to the freight car position receiving center. The freight car position receiving center is connected to the freight car center. The invention can determine the position of the freight car by setting the freight car center and the freight car position receiving center. In areas with poor environment, the position of the freight car is also clear. The traditional method of directly connecting GPS and Beidou on the freight car is changed. By installing the freight car position receiving center near the transportation road, the freight car can be connected to the Beidou system even in mountainous areas, so that the running terminal can always know the information of the freight car.

[0004] The prior art scheme in the above has the following defects although the structure of the prior art can achieve the beneficial effects: 1. Traditional freight car management relies on trackside equipment and lacks real-time performance. Existing railway freight car monitoring systems rely on external power supply or traditional battery power supply and lack effective self-power generation technology. When running in long-distance transportation or remote areas, power supply shortage may occur, which cannot guarantee the stable operation of the equipment for a long time, increasing the operation cost and maintenance difficulty. 2. Traditional railway freight car positioning technology cannot maintain high-precision positioning in complex environments such as tunnels and mountainous areas. The signal is easily interfered by shielding, and cannot provide accurate and real-time position information for transportation scheduling. 3. Existing state monitoring means can only monitor some key parts simply, lack intelligent analysis and early warning functions, and cannot find potential fault hidden dangers and predict risks in time.

[0005] In view of this, we propose a railway freight car self-powered Beidou positioning system and method. SUMMARY

[0006] 1. Technical problem to be solved

[0007] The purpose of the present application is to provide a railway freight car-mounted self-power generation Beidou positioning system and method, which solves the technical problems raised in the above background technology and realizes the fixation of the system to the railway freight car through the welding bracket without changing the car frame structure. The self-power generation equipment integrates the wind power generation module and the shaft end power generation module, utilizes the airflow energy and the shaft rotation mechanical energy during the running of the freight car to realize power generation, provides stable energy for the system, and realizes precise positioning and comprehensive monitoring. The state monitoring equipment realizes real-time monitoring of the running state and environmental parameters of the freight car from multiple dimensions.

[0008] 2. Technical solution

[0009] The technical solution of the present application provides a railway freight car-mounted self-power generation Beidou positioning system, which comprises:

[0010] Railway freight car: used for transporting goods; as a carrier for goods transportation.

[0011] Self-power generation equipment: including wind power generation module, shaft end power generation module and power management module;

[0012] Wind power generation module: utilizes the airflow energy during the running of the freight car, drives the generator rotor to rotate through the specially designed blades, converts wind energy into electric energy. It is fixedly installed on the railway freight car through the welding bracket;

[0013] Shaft end power generation module: installed at the end of the car axle, drives the micro generator to generate electricity through the rotation of the axle, realizes the conversion of mechanical energy to electric energy.

[0014] Power management module: stores, distributes and adjusts the electric energy generated by the wind power generation module and the shaft end power generation module, ensures the stable power supply of the system, contains high-efficiency storage battery, charging control unit (BMS) and power conversion unit.

[0015] Beidou positioning device: receives Beidou high-precision satellite signals, and obtains real-time position information such as longitude, latitude and altitude of the truck, and supports centimeter-level positioning accuracy. Equipped with positioning antenna, enhance the ability of Beidou satellite signal reception, ensure the stability of the signal in complex environment (such as tunnel, mountainous area). Optimal use of UM982 of Hejinxing Star, which is built-in high-performance Beidou satellite signal receiving chip, can track multiple satellites at the same time, and accurately receive BDS B1 / B2 / B3 multi-frequency signals. It can realize centimeter-level positioning accuracy, and can obtain real-time and accurate position information such as longitude, latitude, altitude and driving speed of the truck. The high-gain positioning antenna equipped with it adopts special spiral polarization design, has strong anti-interference ability, and greatly enhances the receiving strength of Beidou satellite signal. Even in complex environments such as tunnels and mountainous areas where signal shielding is serious, with the signal compensation and multipath suppression technology carried by the device, the continuity and stability of the positioning signal can be ensured, providing solid protection for the accurate positioning of the truck.

[0016] State monitoring device: including shaft end state monitoring device, attitude sensor and environment sensor;

[0017] Shaft end state monitoring device: installed on the shaft end of truck wheel set, monitoring shaft temperature, rotating speed and other parameters, real-time feedback bearing running state.

[0018] Attitude sensor: contains accelerometer and gyroscope, monitoring the motion state (static / driver) and attitude data such as inclination angle of the truck.

[0019] Environment sensor: detecting temperature, humidity and other parameters of working environment.

[0020] Self-judgment of standby motion, through the built-in acceleration sensor, gyroscope and other sensors, real-time sensing the motion state of the truck. When the truck is in static state, the system automatically switches to low-power mode to reduce power consumption; when the truck starts or the motion state changes, the system immediately restores normal working mode. At the same time, the reporting period can be flexibly adjusted according to actual needs. When the truck is driving normally, a longer reporting period can be set to reduce data transmission and power consumption; when the truck appears abnormal situation or enters specific monitoring area, the system supports alarm mode to report immediately, and pushes the related information to the management platform in time, so as to facilitate the management personnel to respond and handle quickly.

[0021] Wireless communication device: including LoRa gateway, APN safe communication module and communication antenna;

[0022] LoRa gateway: realizes networking communication with shaft end monitoring device and other subordinate nodes (≥16 devices), supports low-power and long-distance data transmission.

[0023] APN secure communication module: encrypt data transmission through a dedicated network channel, ensure one-way signal transmission, and prevent information leakage.

[0024] Communication antenna: for data transmission and reception of LoRa and APN network.

[0025] Main control unit: including central processing unit and storage unit;

[0026] Central processing unit: process positioning data, state information, control inter-device communication and reporting strategy. Run real-time operating system (RTOS), which can quickly process Beidou positioning data, state monitoring information, control communication between devices and data reporting strategy. Realize the energy management of self-generating equipment, the intelligent judgment and alarm triggering of vehicle abnormal state, and ensure the collaborative work and efficient operation of each module of the system.

[0027] Storage unit: store historical positioning data, equipment operation log and other information, support data traceability and analysis.

[0028] Electronic warehouse: designed with IP67 protection level, waterproof and dustproof, protecting internal electronic equipment. The shell is made of high-strength aluminum alloy material and is treated by anodic oxidation. The warehouse adopts modular layout, and each functional module is installed independently, which is convenient for maintenance and replacement.

[0029] Welding bracket: fix the system equipment on the truck through welding method, ensure stable installation and compatibility with various vehicle models. Welding bracket type installation method is adopted, which does not need to change the frame structure, reduces the installation difficulty and the influence on the original structure of the truck,

[0030] Management platform equipment: including server, visual management software and communication server;

[0031] Server: process and store real-time data from multiple trucks.

[0032] Visual management software: provides operation interface for positioning monitoring, state early warning, vehicle flow analysis and other functions.

[0033] Communication server: establish APN private network connection with vehicle-mounted equipment, receive and analyze uploaded data.

[0034] Alarm device: trigger sound and light alarm when the truck is in abnormal state.

[0035] Backup power supply: provide temporary power supply when the power generation system fails, ensure that critical data is not lost.

[0036] As an optional scheme of the application, the wind power generation module comprises:

[0037] Energy capture device: including blades and hub; the blades are the core components of the wind power generation module to capture energy; the blades are connected with the generator rotor through high-precision bearings to reduce the rotating friction loss, convert the wind energy into mechanical energy, and then drive the generator rotor to rotate to generate electricity. The hub is used to fix and connect the blades, and the torque generated by the blades is transmitted to the subsequent energy conversion components.

[0038] Energy conversion device: including a generator and a speed increasing gear box;

[0039] Energy transmission control device: including a rectifier, a controller and a cable;

[0040] Protective cover: a protective cover is arranged to protect the electrical equipment inside the power generation module from the erosion of external environmental factors.

[0041] As an optional scheme of the application, the wind power generation module is equipped with an intelligent wind speed adjusting device, when encountering extreme gale weather, the blade angle can be automatically adjusted to reduce the wind resistance and avoid damage to the power generation components due to excessive wind speed. The module is provided with a built-in power generation efficiency monitoring sensor, which can collect power generation data in real time, and feedback the information to the power management module through wireless communication, so as to facilitate the dynamic adjustment of the power generation strategy of the system, and ensure the maximization of the power generation efficiency and the long-term stable operation of the power generation system.

[0042] As an optional scheme of the application, the shaft end power generation module comprises:

[0043] Energy conversion device: including a micro generator and a transmission mechanism; the micro generator adopts a permanent magnet type micro generator;

[0044] Transmission mechanism: since the rotation speed and torque of the axle may be different from the optimal working parameters of the generator, the transmission mechanism is used to adjust the power transmission between the axle and the generator. The transmission mechanism adopts a gear transmission mechanism, and preferably adopts a two-stage speed reduction gear box design.

[0045] Power management module: including a rectifier filter circuit and a voltage stabilizing module;

[0046] Rectifier filter circuit: the micro generator usually outputs alternating current, and the current and voltage fluctuate greatly. The rectifier filter circuit can convert alternating current into direct current, and smooth the current and voltage, remove the noise, and provide stable direct current power supply for the subsequent devices. Generally, the alternating current is first converted into pulsating direct current through a rectifier bridge, and then a filter circuit composed of capacitors, inductors and other elements is used to further stabilize the voltage and current.

[0047] Voltage stabilizing module: in order to ensure that the output power meets the working requirements of other devices of the system, the voltage stabilizing module accurately adjusts the voltage after rectification and filtering. It can automatically adjust the output voltage according to the load change, so that the output voltage remains stable at different working conditions, such as the change of the rotation speed of the axle.

[0048] Monitoring protection device: including current and voltage sensor and protection circuit.

[0049] The application provides a railway freight car-mounted self-power-generation Beidou positioning method, comprising the following steps:

[0050] S1, the system is fixed to the railway freight car through the welding support, and the electronic warehouse is used for protecting the railway freight car-mounted self-power-generation Beidou positioning system;

[0051] S2, the self-power-generation equipment is used for self-power-generation and management, the pneumatic power generation module captures the airflow energy during the driving of the freight car through specially designed blades, drives the rotor of the generator to rotate and generates electricity; the axle end power generation module utilizes the rotation of the axle to drive the micro generator to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. The charging control unit (BMS) in the power management module monitors the voltage, current, temperature and other parameters of the high-efficiency lithium iron phosphate battery pack in real time, controls the charging process in the constant current-constant voltage mode, and evaluates the state of health (SOH) and estimates the remaining power (SOC) at the same time. The power conversion unit converts the electrical energy output by the storage battery into multiple stable voltages to supply power to the devices of the system.

[0052] S3, the Beidou positioning equipment is used for data acquisition; the Beidou positioning equipment is internally provided with a high-sensitivity receiving chip, receives high-precision satellite signals of Beidou, enhances signal reception through a high-gain positioning antenna, combines a signal processing algorithm, and realizes real-time acquisition of position information such as longitude, latitude, altitude and driving speed of the freight car.

[0053] S4, the state monitoring equipment is used for acquiring real-time data; the axle end state monitoring device monitors parameters such as axle temperature and rotating speed to judge the running state of the bearing. The accelerometer and gyroscope in the attitude sensor measure the acceleration and angular velocity changes of the vehicle in three axial directions in real time, and calculate attitude data such as the motion state, inclination angle and rollover risk of the freight car through a sensor fusion algorithm. The environmental sensor detects the temperature and humidity parameters of the working environment.

[0054] S5, the main control unit is used for intelligent judgment and mode switching; the system realizes real-time sensing of the motion state of the freight car through the built-in acceleration sensor and gyroscope, automatically switches to the low-power-consumption mode when the freight car is stationary, closes the power supply of unnecessary devices, and the Beidou positioning equipment is awakened for positioning at regular intervals; when the freight car starts or the motion state changes, the normal working mode is restored.

[0055] S6, the main control unit is used for data processing and reporting; an RTOS is used for processing Beidou positioning data, state monitoring information, controlling the communication between devices and reporting strategies, realizing energy management, abnormal state judgment and alarm triggering.

[0056] S7, the wireless communication device transmits data: the LoRa gateway adopts the LoRaWAN protocol, and is in communication with the shaft end monitoring device and other subordinate nodes, and the communication time slot is allocated through the TDMA technology, so that the low-power and long-distance data transmission is realized. The APN secure communication module transmits data by using the AES-256 encryption algorithm, establishes a stable TCP / IP connection through a special network channel.

[0057] S8, the management platform device processes and feeds back the platform, the communication server receives the vehicle-mounted device data through the APN special network, adopts multi-thread processing, carries out protocol conversion, guarantees real-time and accurate data transmission and network security. Through the visual management software, positioning monitoring, state early warning, vehicle flow analysis and other functions are provided, and data is presented in an intuitive interface and in various ways, to assist managers in decision-making.

[0058] S9, when the truck appears abnormal states such as overspeed and large inclination angle, the alarm device issues an audible and visual alarm, and uploads the signal to the management platform. When the power generation system fails, the standby power supply automatically switches to provide temporary power supply for the key equipment, to ensure system operation and data security, and to quickly charge after the main power supply is restored.

[0059] 3. Beneficial effects

[0060] One or more technical solutions provided in the technical scheme of the application have at least the following technical effects or advantages:

[0061] 1. The system is fixed to the railway truck through the welding support, without changing the truck frame structure, so that the installation difficulty and cost are greatly reduced, and the installation efficiency is improved.

[0062] 2. The self-power generation device integrates the wind power generation module and the shaft end power generation module, utilizes the airflow energy and the mechanical energy of the rotating shaft during the driving of the truck to realize power generation, and provides stable energy for the system. The two power generation modes are complementary to each other, so that even in the case that a single power generation condition is poor, the other power generation mode can still guarantee the power supply of the system, reduces the dependence on external power supply, and reduces the operation cost.

[0063] 3. The power management module realizes real-time monitoring and accurate control of the charging process of the lithium iron phosphate battery pack through the charging control unit (BMS), effectively prolongs the service life of the battery, and the power conversion unit converts the electric energy into multiple stable voltages to meet the power supply requirements of different devices of the system, and has the overvoltage, undervoltage and overload protection functions, improves the energy utilization efficiency and power supply stability.

[0064] 4. Realize accurate positioning and comprehensive monitoring: The Beidou positioning device is built-in with high-sensitivity receiving chip, which can obtain accurate longitude, latitude, altitude, speed and other position information of the truck in real time. The state monitoring device covers shaft end state monitoring device, attitude sensor and environmental sensor, which can monitor the running state and environmental parameters of the truck in multiple dimensions. The shaft end state monitoring device can predict bearing fault hidden danger in advance; the attitude sensor can quickly respond to vehicle attitude change and assess the risk of rollover;

[0065] 5. The main control unit senses the motion state of the truck in real time through the built-in sensor, automatically switches the low-power mode and the normal working mode, and effectively reduces the system energy consumption. The central processor runs the real-time operating system, quickly processes various data, and writes the control algorithm to realize energy management, abnormal state judgment and alarm triggering; the storage unit stores the historical data in encrypted form, supports fast retrieval and analysis, and provides data support for railway transportation management. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0066] Figure 1 The figure is a flowchart of the railway truck self-powered Beidou positioning method disclosed in the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0067] The present application will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the specification.

[0068] Reference Figure 1 The present application provides a railway truck self-powered Beidou positioning system, which comprises:

[0069] Railway truck: used for transporting goods; as a carrier for goods transportation, the railway truck undertakes the core transportation function in the whole system.

[0070] Self-powered device: including wind power generation module, shaft end power generation module and power management module;

[0071] Wind power generation module: using the airflow energy when the truck is running, through the special designed blade to drive the generator rotor to rotate, the wind energy is converted into electric energy. It is fixedly installed on the railway truck by welding support;

[0072] Shaft end power generation module: installed at the end of the truck axle, through the rotation of the axle to drive the micro generator to generate electricity, realizing the conversion from mechanical energy to electric energy.

[0073] Power management module: responsible for storing, distributing and regulating the electrical energy generated by the wind power module and the shaft end power module, ensuring stable power supply of the system, including high-efficiency storage battery, charging control unit (BMS) and power conversion unit. High-efficiency storage battery uses lithium iron phosphate battery; charging control unit (BMS) is prior art, only borrowed in this application; power conversion unit can output 48V DC, 12V DC and 5V DC;

[0074] Beidou positioning device: receives Beidou high-precision satellite signals to obtain real-time position information such as longitude, latitude and altitude of the truck, and supports centimeter-level positioning accuracy. Equipped with positioning antenna to enhance the reception ability of Beidou satellite signals and ensure signal stability in complex environments (such as tunnels and mountainous areas).

[0075] State monitoring device: including shaft end state monitoring device, attitude sensor and environmental sensor;

[0076] Shaft end state monitoring device: installed at the shaft end of the truck wheel set, monitoring shaft temperature, rotating speed and other parameters, and feeding back bearing running state in real time.

[0077] Attitude sensor: including accelerometer and gyroscope, monitoring the motion state (static / dynamic) and inclination angle of the truck.

[0078] Environmental sensor: detecting temperature (-40℃~+85℃), humidity (5%~95%) and other parameters of the working environment to ensure normal operation of the device under extreme conditions.

[0079] Self-judgment of standby and static state, through built-in acceleration sensor, gyroscope and other sensors, real-time sensing of the motion state of the truck. When the truck is in static state, the system automatically switches to low-power mode to reduce power consumption; when the truck starts or the motion state changes, the system immediately restores normal working mode. At the same time, the reporting period can be flexibly adjusted according to actual needs. When the truck is driving normally, a longer reporting period can be set to reduce data transmission and power consumption; when the truck appears abnormal situation or enters a specific monitoring area, the system supports alarm mode to report immediately, pushing relevant information to the management platform in time for management personnel to respond quickly.

[0080] Wireless communication device: including LoRa gateway, APN secure communication module and communication antenna;

[0081] LoRa gateway: realizes networking communication with lower nodes (≥16 devices) such as shaft end monitoring device, supporting low-power and long-distance data transmission.

[0082] APN secure communication module: encrypts data transmission through special network channel to ensure one-way signal transmission and prevent information leakage.

[0083] Communication antenna: Used for data transmission and reception in LoRa and APN networks.

[0084] Main control unit: includes a central processing unit and a storage unit;

[0085] Central Processing Unit (CPU): Processes positioning data and status information, controls communication and reporting strategies between devices. It employs a high-performance ARM Cortex-A72 processor with a clock speed of up to 2.0GHz, possessing powerful data processing and multitasking capabilities. Running a real-time operating system (RTOS), it can quickly process BeiDou positioning data and status monitoring information, and control communication and data reporting strategies between devices. Through the development of efficient control algorithms, it achieves energy management of self-generating equipment, intelligent judgment of abnormal vehicle conditions, and alarm triggering, ensuring that all system modules work collaboratively and operate efficiently.

[0086] Storage Unit: Stores historical location data, device operation logs, and other information, supporting data traceability and analysis. The storage unit uses high-capacity eMMC flash memory chips, with a storage capacity of up to 128GB, capable of storing historical location data, device operation logs, alarm records, and other information. It supports encrypted data storage to ensure data security. Through the establishment of an efficient data indexing and query mechanism, historical data can be quickly retrieved, facilitating data analysis and fault tracing. Simultaneously, it supports an automatic data cyclic overwrite function; when storage space is insufficient, the oldest data is automatically deleted to ensure the continuous availability of the storage unit.

[0087] Electronic Compartment: Designed with an IP67 protection rating, it is waterproof and dustproof, protecting the internal electronic equipment. The outer shell is made of high-strength aluminum alloy and anodized, providing excellent waterproof, dustproof, and corrosion-resistant properties. The compartment features a modular layout, with each functional module installed independently for easy maintenance and replacement. An efficient heat dissipation system is installed internally, using thermally conductive silicone and heat sinks to quickly dissipate heat generated by the electronic components, ensuring normal operation of the equipment in high-temperature environments. Simultaneously, the electronic compartment has excellent electromagnetic shielding performance, effectively preventing external electromagnetic interference and ensuring stable operation of the internal electronic equipment.

[0088] Welding bracket: The system equipment is fixed on the truck by welding method, ensuring stable installation and compatibility with multiple vehicle models. The welding bracket installation method does not require modification of the truck frame structure, reducing installation difficulty and impact on the original structure of the truck, improving installation efficiency, and facilitating maintenance and replacement of the equipment in the later stage. In addition, the system supports installation of multiple vehicle models such as C70 / C80 / C64K / KM81, with wide compatibility to meet the needs of different railway transportation scenarios. The bracket is made of high-strength alloy steel and is fixed on the truck body through special welding process, ensuring stable and reliable installation. The bracket design fully considers the structural characteristics and mechanical properties of the truck, realizing fast installation of system equipment without affecting the original strength of the truck frame structure. The bracket has good universality and can adapt to the installation needs of multiple vehicle models, without the need for large-scale modification of the truck during installation, reducing installation difficulty and cost, and improving installation efficiency. At the same time, the bracket is designed to be detachable, facilitating maintenance and replacement of the equipment in the later stage, reducing equipment maintenance time and cost.

[0089] Management platform equipment: including server, visual management software and communication server;

[0090] Server: processes and stores real-time data from multiple trucks.

[0091] Visual management software: provides an operating interface for functions such as positioning monitoring, state warning, and traffic analysis.

[0092] Communication server: establishes an APN private network connection with the on-board equipment, receives and analyzes uploaded data.

[0093] Alarm device: triggers sound and light alarms when the truck is in an abnormal state (such as overspeed or excessive inclination angle).

[0094] Backup power supply: provides temporary power supply when the power generation system fails, ensuring that critical data is not lost.

[0095] Further, the wind energy generation module includes:

[0096] Energy capture device: including blades and hub;

[0097] Blades: As the core component of the wind power generation module, their shape, size, and material are crucial to energy capture efficiency. Aerodynamic optimization design is adopted for blades, such as propeller or airfoil blades, to improve the ability to capture airflow and conversion efficiency. In terms of material, lightweight and high-strength composite materials such as carbon fiber reinforced composites are chosen to reduce weight while ensuring the strength and durability of the blades, adapting to the complex airflow environment during high-speed travel of railway wagons. Blades are connected to the generator rotor through high-precision bearings to reduce rotational friction loss, converting wind energy into mechanical energy to drive the generator rotor to rotate and generate electricity. Customized welded brackets are fixed on the top or side of the railway wagon, made of high-strength alloy steel and treated with special welding process, capable of withstanding strong wind impact and vehicle vibration during high-speed travel, ensuring stable installation of the power generation module without affecting the normal operation of the wagon and cargo loading.

[0098] Hub: Used to fix and connect blades, transmitting the torque generated by the blades to subsequent energy conversion components. The hub needs to have good mechanical strength and connection stability, generally made of high-strength alloy materials to ensure reliable operation in high-speed rotation and vibration environment.

[0099] Energy conversion equipment: including generator and speed increasing gearbox;

[0100] Generator: is the key device for converting mechanical energy into electrical energy, common types include permanent magnet synchronous generator and asynchronous generator. Permanent magnet synchronous generator has high power generation efficiency and power density, suitable for application in wind power generation scenarios, capable of efficiently converting mechanical energy transmitted by the blades into electrical energy output.

[0101] Speed increasing gearbox: due to the relatively low rotation speed of the blades, the generator usually needs higher speed to achieve ideal power generation efficiency, so a speed increasing gearbox is configured in some designs. It can convert the low speed of the blades into the high speed required by the generator, improving energy conversion efficiency.

[0102] Energy transmission control equipment: including rectifier, controller, and cable;

[0103] Rectifier: the power generated by the generator is generally alternating current, while other devices in the system mostly require direct current. The role of the rectifier is to convert alternating current into direct current, facilitating subsequent storage and use.

[0104] Controller: real-time monitoring of the operating state of the power generation module, such as wind speed, generator speed, output voltage and current, etc., and adjusting the power generation process according to the set control strategy. For example, when the wind speed is too high, the controller can adjust the blade angle or limit the generator speed to protect the equipment safety; when the system power is sufficient, the power generation power can be reduced to reduce unnecessary energy loss.

[0105] Cable: used for connecting the components of the power generation module and transmitting electrical energy with the system power management module, it needs to have good electrical conductivity and wear resistance to adapt to the vibration and friction environment during the operation of the railway wagon.

[0106] Protective cover: a protective cover is set to protect the electrical equipment inside the power generation module from the erosion of external environmental factors such as rain, dust, wind sand, etc. The protective cover is made of materials with good protective performance, such as high-strength engineering plastics or metal materials, and has good heat dissipation performance to prevent the equipment from overheating and affecting normal work.

[0107] Further, the wind power generation module is equipped with an intelligent wind speed adjusting device. When extreme gales occur, the blade angle will automatically adjust to reduce wind resistance and avoid damage to the power generation components due to excessive wind speed. At the same time, the module is equipped with a power generation efficiency monitoring sensor that collects real-time power generation data and feeds back information to the power management module through wireless communication, facilitating the system to dynamically adjust the power generation strategy and ensure the maximization of power generation efficiency and the long-term stable operation of the power generation system.

[0108] Further, the shaft end power generation module includes:

[0109] Energy conversion device: including a micro generator and a transmission mechanism;

[0110] Micro generator: as the core component of the shaft end power generation module, a permanent magnet type micro generator is adopted, which has the characteristics of small size, high power density and relatively high power generation efficiency. It converts mechanical energy into electrical energy through electromagnetic induction principle when connected with the axle. For example, a permanent magnet generator with an outer rotor structure can directly drive the outer rotor to rotate when the axle rotates, causing the stator coil inside to cut the magnetic induction lines to generate current.

[0111] Transmission mechanism: since there may be differences between the rotation speed and torque of the axle and the optimal working parameters of the generator, the transmission mechanism is used to adjust the power transmission between them. Common transmission methods include gear transmission and belt transmission. Gear transmission is preferred because it has the advantages of accurate transmission ratio and high efficiency, and can accurately adjust the rotation speed of the generator according to actual needs;

[0112] The gear transmission mechanism of the transmission mechanism adopts a two-stage reduction gear box design, mainly composed of the following components:

[0113] Input shaft: made of 20CrMnTi carburizing steel, treated by carburizing and quenching, with surface hardness HRC58-62 and core hardness HRC30-45; one end is connected with the axle coupling through spline, and the other end is processed with involute cylindrical gear; hollow shaft design is adopted to reduce weight and improve torsional stiffness, high-precision cylindrical roller bearings are installed at the shaft neck;

[0114] Intermediate shaft: material 42CrMo alloy steel, quenching after heat treatment, surface hardness HRC48-52; both ends of the installation tapered roller bearings, the middle of the two gears; gear with input shaft gear meshing; pinion and output shaft gear meshing; using ladder shaft structure, through the shoulder positioning to ensure the axial position accuracy of gear, bearing with back-to-back installation to improve the anti-overturning ability

[0115] Output shaft: material 42CrMo alloy steel, one end of the gear with the intermediate shaft pinion meshing; output end with elastic coupling and generator rotor connected, to compensate for installation error and buffer vibration;

[0116] Gearbox housing: material for high-strength cast iron HT300, wall thickness 12mm; using split structure, the upper and lower housing through M12 high-strength bolt connection, combined surface with liquid sealant sealing; internal design of lubricating oil channel, through the splash lubrication to ensure the lubrication of each gear and bearing; the top of the housing is provided with a vent plug, the bottom is provided with a drain plug and oil level observation hole; the housing is designed with reinforcing ribs to improve the anti-vibration and rigidity. The overall protection level reaches IP67, suitable for harsh railway environment.

[0117] Sealing system: input / output shaft sealing: using double-lip skeleton oil seal, the main lip seal lubricating oil, the secondary lip dustproof; the housing joint surface sealing is liquid sealant (oil-resistant silicone rubber), which forms an elastic sealing layer after curing; bearing sealing: using labyrinth seal structure to prevent lubricating oil leakage and external dust intrusion.

[0118] Power management module: including rectifier filter circuit and voltage stabilizing module;

[0119] Rectifier filter circuit: the output of the micro generator is usually AC, and the current and voltage fluctuate greatly. The rectifier filter circuit can convert AC to DC and smooth the current and voltage, removing the noise, providing a stable DC power supply for subsequent devices. Generally, first convert AC to pulsed DC through a rectifier bridge, and then use capacitors, inductors and other components to form a filter circuit to further stabilize the voltage and current.

[0120] Voltage stabilizing module: to ensure that the output power meets the working requirements of other devices in the system, the voltage stabilizing module precisely adjusts the voltage after rectification and filtering. It can automatically adjust the output voltage according to the load change, ensuring that the output voltage remains stable under different working conditions, such as changes in axle speed.

[0121] Further, the power management module includes a monitoring and protection device, which includes a current and voltage sensor and a protection circuit.

[0122] Current-voltage sensor: Real-time monitoring of the output current and voltage of the power generation module, the collected data feedback to the control unit of the system. Through the analysis of these data, the working state of the power generation module can be determined, such as whether there are overload, short circuit and other abnormal conditions.

[0123] Protection circuit: When the current, voltage anomalies or other faults are monitored, the protection circuit automatically starts to protect the power generation module and other devices of the system. For example, when a short-circuit current is detected, the protection circuit can quickly cut off the circuit to prevent the device from being damaged due to excessive current; when the voltage is too high or too low, appropriate measures can also be taken to adjust or protect. The protection circuit includes overcurrent protection circuit, overvoltage protection circuit and undervoltage protection circuit; the overcurrent protection circuit includes self-recovery fuse circuit and circuit based on current sensor and comparator; the overvoltage protection circuit includes Zener diode limiting circuit and circuit based on voltage comparator and relay; the undervoltage protection circuit is a circuit based on voltage comparator and switch tube; this is prior art, in the application, only for borrowing, and will not be described here.

[0124] Further, the power management module stores, distributes and adjusts the electrical energy generated by the wind power generation module and the shaft end power generation module to ensure stable power supply of the system, including the following steps:

[0125] 1. Electrical energy input:

[0126] 1.1. Power generation module electrical energy access: The AC power (frequency varies with vehicle speed) output by the wind power generation module is connected to the power management module through the cable, first converted to DC (such as 50-60V DC) by the rectifier bridge, and then filtered by the LC filter circuit (inductor + capacitor) to output stable DC voltage.

[0127] 1.2. The pulsed DC power (voltage fluctuates with the speed of the vehicle shaft) output by the micro generator of the shaft end power generation module directly enters the power management module, and is adjusted by the Buck-Boost converter to stabilize the voltage within the range of 48-52V DC.

[0128] 2. Input electrical energy detection:

[0129] Voltage and current sampling: Two-way input voltage (U1, U2) and current (I1, I2) are collected in real time by high-precision ADC chip (such as ADS1115), with an accuracy of ±0.5% FS.

[0130] Effectiveness determination: If the input voltage <9V or >60V, it is determined to be abnormal, triggering the protection circuit to cut off the input; if the current >100A (exceeding the rated input of the module), the overcurrent protection (self-recovery fuse + MOS tube shutdown) is started.

[0131] 3. Energy storage management (charge control):

[0132] 3.1. Battery pack connection and state assessment:

[0133] Battery state acquisition: Real-time reading of battery parameters through BMS: including cell voltage (requirement of cell voltage difference ≤ 50mV), temperature (through NTC sensor, accuracy ±1℃), SOC (State of Charge, estimated by ampere-hour integration + Kalman filter) and SOH (State of Health, estimated by internal resistance monitoring). The battery state of charge is calculated according to the following formula:

[0134] SOC(t) = SOC0 + [(1 / C nom )∫ t 0(ηI batt dt)] + δ KF ;

[0135] δ KF = Kk(Z k -Hx^ k|k-1 );

[0136] In the formula, SOC(t) is the battery state of charge at time t, indicating the percentage of the current remaining capacity of the battery to its rated capacity. SOC0 is the initial state of charge of the battery, i.e. the SOC value at time t = 0. C nom is the rated capacity of the battery, usually in ampere-hours (Ah). This is the amount of charge that the battery can store or release under standard conditions. η is the charge and discharge efficiency, indicating the energy conversion efficiency of the battery during charging and discharging, usually taking a value range of 0.95-0.98. I batt is the battery current, in amperes (A). Positive for discharging, negative for charging (or according to the agreed direction); δ KF is the Kalman filter correction term, used to correct the SOC estimation deviation caused by sensor errors, battery aging, temperature changes and other factors. Kalman filter fuses battery model prediction value and actual observation value (such as voltage, current measurement value), dynamically adjusts SOC estimation, and improves the accuracy of estimation. Kk is the Kalman gain at time k. Kalman gain is a weight factor that determines the relative importance of observation values in correcting state estimation. The calculation of Kalman gain takes into account the uncertainty of the predicted state (through the predicted state covariance matrix) and the uncertainty of the observation noise (through the observation noise covariance matrix). Z kis the actual observation at time k. This is the actual data taken from a sensor or other measuring device and is used to compare with the predicted value to calculate the correction term. H is the observation matrix that maps the state space to the observation space. It describes how the observations are calculated from the system state. In some simple cases, if the observations directly correspond to the state, H can be the identity matrix or a matrix that is appropriately transformed. x^ k|k-1 is the predicted state estimate based on the system model at time k. It is predicted from the system model and the state estimate at the previous time step.

[0137] 3.2, Charging mode selection:

[0138] When the battery state is SOC < 20%, constant current charging is used, with a current of 50A, until the single cell voltage reaches 3.4V (lithium iron phosphate);

[0139] When 20% ≤ SOC < 80%, constant voltage charging is used, with a voltage of 48V, and the current gradually decreases to 10A as the SOC increases;

[0140] When SOC ≥ 80%, the floating maintenance mode is used, with a voltage of 47V, only compensating for the self-discharge loss of the battery (about 0.5A).

[0141] 4, Charging protection: including overcharge protection, overheat protection and balance control;

[0142] Overcharge protection: when any single cell voltage > 3.65V, immediately cut off the charging circuit, trigger sound and light alarm and report fault code through CAN bus.

[0143] Overheat protection: when the battery temperature ≥ 65℃, suspend charging and start cooling fan, resume charging when the temperature drops to 55℃.

[0144] Balance control: when the single cell voltage difference > 100mV, start active balancing circuit (switched capacitor balancing), transfer the energy of high voltage single cell to low voltage single cell to make the voltage difference ≤ 50mV.

[0145] 5, Electric energy distribution and output control

[0146] 5.1, Load priority scheduling:

[0147] Primary load (core device): Beidou positioning module, LoRa gateway, main controller: highest priority, always powered by battery pack or power generation module (preferentially use power generation module power).

[0148] Secondary load (auxiliary device): sensors, alarm devices, cooling fans: powered when the power generation module power is sufficient (remaining power > 50W), otherwise powered by the battery pack, but the battery SOC < 30% when cut off.

[0149] Level 3 load (non-essential devices): visual display screen, debugging interface: powered only in manual maintenance mode, default power off.

[0150] 5.2, Dynamic power distribution:

[0151] If the total input power is greater than the total load power: the power generation module prioritizes power supply for the load, and the remaining power is used for charging.

[0152] If the total input power is less than the total load power: the battery pack supplements the power supply until the battery SOC drops to 20%, triggering an under-voltage protection.

[0153] 5.3, Multi-voltage output control:

[0154] 48V DC output: directly powers high-voltage loads such as power generation module control circuit, motor drive,

[0155] Switch the power supply source through the relay (power generation module first).

[0156] 12V / 5V DC output: generated by an isolated DC-DC converter and an LDO stabilizer, using a "master-slave mode":

[0157] The master path is the power generation module → converter → load; the slave path is the battery pack → converter → load (automatically switched when the master path fails).

[0158] 6, System stability protection:

[0159] 6.1, Voltage fluctuation suppression: energy storage capacitor buffering is performed, with a 10mF electrolytic capacitor connected in parallel on the input side of the power supply to suppress voltage spikes (ΔU ≤ ±2V) when the power generation module starts and stops. Dynamic voltage regulation is performed, and when the load suddenly changes (such as LoRa gateway burst communication), the BMS controls the power generation module output current (current limiting mode), while adjusting the battery pack discharge current, to ensure that the output voltage stability is ≤ ±1%.

[0160] 7, Data recording: data is stored locally, with power generation power, battery status, load power consumption, etc. recorded every 10 minutes, stored in EEPROM (capacity ≥ 1MB), supporting more than 1 year of historical data traceability. Remote reporting is performed, with energy management reports sent to the railway operation and maintenance platform through APN network at regular intervals (such as every hour), including: daily power generation (kWh), battery charge and discharge times and depth, and fault statistics and early warning information.

[0161] Furthermore, the main control unit monitors parameters such as shaft temperature and rotational speed through status monitoring equipment, providing real-time feedback on the bearing's operating status; it monitors the truck's motion state (stationary / moving), tilt angle, and other attitude data; it detects working environment parameters and performs automatic dynamic / static judgment. When the truck is stationary, the system automatically switches to a low-power mode to reduce energy consumption; when the system detects that the truck has started or its motion state has changed, it immediately returns to normal operating mode. This includes the following steps:

[0162] 1. Real-time data acquisition: The attitude sensor acquires raw acceleration and angular velocity data at a fixed frequency (e.g., 10Hz). The shaft-end device and tachometer synchronously acquire rotational speed (0 when stationary).

[0163] 2. Motion state determination:

[0164] Conditions for determining a stationary state (must be met simultaneously): Absolute value of acceleration < 0.1 m / s² 2 (Considered as no obvious motion). Gyroscope angular velocity < 5° / s (considered as no significant change in attitude). Rotational speed = 0 (wheelset does not rotate). Duration ≥ T0 (e.g., 5 minutes, configurable as needed).

[0165] Motion determination condition: If any of the above conditions is not met, the state is determined to be "moving".

[0166] 3. Switching between working modes:

[0167] In stationary mode: Non-essential modules are disabled, such as the shaft end heating element (if ambient temperature > 0°C) and the high-frequency communication module. Switch to low-power mode; the sensor sampling frequency drops to 1Hz, and the microprocessor enters sleep mode (wake-up interval 10 seconds). Only basic monitoring is maintained, checking acceleration and rotational speed every 30 seconds to confirm whether the stationary state is maintained.

[0168] Motion Status: Activate full-function mode, the sensor resumes high-frequency sampling (10Hz), and the communication module transmits data in real time. Start real-time shaft temperature and attitude analysis: Compare with historical data to identify abnormal vibrations or temperature rises (e.g., shaft temperature sudden change > 5℃ / minute triggers an early warning).

[0169] 4. Dynamic adjustment of reporting cycle:

[0170] Normal driving mode (sporting state): Standard reporting cycle T1 = 60 seconds (configurable, reducing data traffic). Data includes axle temperature, engine speed, attitude angle, and average values ​​of ambient temperature and humidity.

[0171] Abnormal / Alarm Mode (Trigger Conditions): Trigger scenarios include axle temperature exceeding a threshold (e.g., 90℃), tilt angle > 15°, and sudden acceleration changes (emergency braking / collision). Reporting cycle T2 = 1 second (immediately reports raw data and warning level). Data content includes raw sensor waveforms and real-time positioning information (GPS module integration required).

[0172] Stationary status reporting: cycle T3 = 30 minutes (configurable), only environmental parameters and battery status are reported.

[0173] 5. System linkage and management platform response

[0174] Alarm data transmission path: Device → Cloud management platform → Management personnel's mobile APP / PC terminal.

[0175] Anomaly Handling Process: After receiving alarm data, the platform automatically triggers a triple response:

[0176] ① Real-time pop-up alerts (marking truck number, fault type, and location);

[0177] ② Send SMS / voice notification to the designated person in charge;

[0178] ③ Generate fault work orders and link them to the maintenance resource scheduling system.

[0179] 6. Evaluation and prediction are based on motion state data to analyze truck driving habits (such as idling time and frequency of rapid acceleration) and optimize energy consumption management.

[0180] A bearing life prediction model is established using shaft temperature and environmental data (e.g., machine learning algorithms are used to analyze temperature rise trends). The bearing life prediction model is as follows:

[0181] L 剩余 =w0+w1T - bear +w2ΔT bear ′(t)+w3T - env +w4t total +w5ΔT diff (t);

[0182] ΔT bear ′(t)=[T bear (t)-T bear [(t-Δt)] / Δt;

[0183] ΔT diff (t)=T bear (t)-T env (t); where L is the formula. 剩余`t` represents the remaining life of the bearing, the time remaining from the current moment until failure, as predicted by the model. `w0` is the model's bias or intercept. It's the model's output value when all input features are zero. `w1`, `w2`, `w3`, `w4`, and `w5` are the model's weight parameters, representing the degree of influence each feature has on the remaining life. A larger weight indicates a greater contribution of that feature to the prediction result. The weights are learned through training data. `T` is the final value of the bearing. - bear This is the average shaft temperature, the average temperature of the bearing over a period of time, reflecting the overall thermal load on the bearing. ΔT bear ′(t) is the rate of change of shaft temperature, the rate at which the bearing temperature changes with time, reflecting the change in thermal stress of the bearing. - env The average ambient temperature affects the bearing's heat dissipation conditions. total This is the cumulative operating time, the total operating time of the bearing from when it was put into use to the present moment, reflecting the cumulative fatigue of the bearing. ΔT diff (t) is the difference between the bearing temperature and the ambient temperature. The difference between the bearing temperature and the ambient temperature reflects the change in the bearing's thermal load relative to the environment.

[0184] Furthermore, the central processing unit processes location data and status information, controls communication between devices, and implements reporting strategies; including vehicle flow management, mileage management, freight management, revenue management, and efficiency management.

[0185] Traffic flow management: This involves unified management of freight cars across the entire railway transportation network, providing real-time monitoring of freight car traffic on each line and at each station. Through data analysis, peak and off-peak traffic periods are predicted, allowing for rational scheduling, optimized allocation of railway capacity resources, improved overall railway transportation efficiency, and reduced freight car backlog and waiting times.

[0186] Q(t+τ)=Σ M i＝1 [w i Q(t-τ i )+e(t)];where, Q(t+τ) is the freight traffic flow on a certain route at time t+τ (unit: vehicles / time period). τ is the prediction time interval. M is the order of historical data selected by the model (i.e., considering the historical traffic flow of the first M time periods). w i τ is the weighting coefficient of the i-th order historical flow (determined through model training, reflecting the degree of influence of historical data on the future). i is the delay duration of the i-th order historical data. e(t) is a white noise term that follows a normal distribution (representing random fluctuations or errors not captured by the model).

[0187] Mileage management: Utilize the Beidou positioning system to accurately record the mileage of the truck, combined with time information, to accurately calculate the driving speed of the truck. Through statistical analysis of the mileage data, it provides the basis for transportation cost accounting, fuel consumption evaluation, etc., and also helps to evaluate the work performance of the driver.

[0188] Freight management: Interface with the railway freight system to realize the associated management of freight information and truck information. On the management platform, the detailed information of the goods loaded on each truck can be viewed, including the name, weight, destination, etc. of the goods. At the same time, the transportation status of the goods is tracked in real time, such as loading and unloading time, safety status of the goods during transportation, etc., to provide accurate freight transportation information query service for the consignor and improve the quality of freight service.

[0189] Profit management: According to the driving mileage, transportation goods volume, transportation time, etc. of the truck, the transportation profit is automatically calculated. Combined with the cost data (such as fuel consumption, equipment maintenance cost, etc.), a detailed profit report is generated to help the enterprise clearly understand the profit situation of the transportation business, provide data support for enterprise decision-making, optimize operation strategy, and improve economic efficiency.

[0190] Efficiency management: Through the analysis of various data in the transportation process of the truck, the transportation efficiency is evaluated, such as the calculation of the stop time at the intermediate station (the truck stays at the intermediate station), the loading and unloading efficiency, etc. The bottleneck link affecting the transportation efficiency is found out, and improvement measures are proposed, such as optimizing the loading and unloading process, reasonably arranging the transportation plan, etc., to continuously improve the overall efficiency of railway truck transportation.

[0191] The present application provides a railway truck on-board self-power generation Beidou positioning method, comprising the following steps:

[0192] S1, the system is fixed to the railway truck by welding support, and the electronic warehouse is used to protect the truck on-board self-power generation Beidou positioning system;

[0193] S2, self-power generation equipment for self-power generation and management: the wind power generation module captures the airflow energy during the driving of the truck through the specially designed blades, drives the rotor of the generator to rotate and generates electricity; the shaft end power generation module utilizes the rotation of the axle to drive the micro generator to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. The charging control unit (BMS) in the power management module monitors the voltage, current, temperature and other parameters of the high-efficiency lithium iron phosphate battery pack in real time, adopts constant current-constant voltage mode to control the charging process, and evaluates the battery state of health (SOH) and estimates the remaining power (SOC). The power conversion unit converts the electrical energy output by the storage battery into 48V DC, 12V DC and 5V DC, etc. to supply power to the devices of the system.

[0194] ​​​​​​​S3, the Beidou positioning device collects data; the Beidou positioning device is built-in high-sensitivity receiving chip, receives Beidou high-precision satellite signal, enhances signal receiving through high-gain positioning antenna, combines signal processing algorithm, and obtains position information such as longitude and latitude, altitude, and driving speed of the truck in real time.

[0195] S4, the state monitoring device obtains real-time data;

[0196] The shaft end state monitoring device monitors parameters such as shaft temperature and rotating speed, and judges the running state of the bearing.

[0197] The accelerometer and gyroscope in the attitude sensor measure the acceleration and angular velocity change of the vehicle in three axial directions in real time, and calculate attitude data such as the motion state, inclination angle, and rollover risk of the truck through sensor fusion algorithm.

[0198] The environmental sensor detects temperature and humidity parameters in the working environment.

[0199] S5, the main control unit makes intelligent judgment and mode switching; the system realizes real-time sensing of the motion state of the truck through the built-in acceleration sensor and gyroscope, automatically switches to low-power mode when the truck is stationary, turns off the power supply of unnecessary devices, and the Beidou positioning device wakes up for positioning at regular intervals; when the truck starts or the motion state changes, the normal working mode is restored.

[0200] S6, the main control unit processes and reports data; the central processor of the main control unit runs real-time operating system (RTOS), processes Beidou positioning data and state monitoring information, controls communication between devices and reporting strategy, and writes control algorithm to realize energy management, abnormal state judgment and alarm triggering. The storage unit stores historical positioning data, device operation log, alarm record and other information in encrypted form. According to the running state of the truck, the data reporting period is adjusted flexibly.

[0201] S7, the wireless communication device transmits data: the LoRa gateway adopts LoRaWAN protocol, communicates with the lower nodes such as shaft end monitoring device, allocates communication time slots through TDMA technology, realizes low-power and long-distance data transmission. The APN secure communication module transmits data by using AES-256 encryption algorithm through special network channel, and establishes stable TCP / IP connection.

[0202] S8, the management platform device processes and feeds back the platform; the communication server receives the data of the vehicle-mounted device through the APN private network, adopts multi-thread processing, and converts protocols to ensure real-time and accurate data transmission and network security. The server uses distributed storage technology and load balancing algorithm to process and store real-time data of multiple trucks, and has backup and disaster recovery mechanism. Through visual management software, positioning monitoring, state early warning, and vehicle flow analysis functions are provided to present data in intuitive interface and various ways, which assists managers in decision-making.

[0203] S9, when the truck appears overspeed, the angle of inclination is too large and other abnormal state, the alarm device sends sound and light alarm, and uploads the signal to the management platform. When the power generation system fails, the standby power supply automatically switches to temporarily power the key equipment, ensuring system operation and data security, and quickly charging after the main power supply is restored.

[0204] The working principle of the railway wagon-mounted self-generating Beidou positioning system is as follows: the system is fixed to the railway wagon through a welded support, and the electronic bin protects the railway wagon-mounted self-generating Beidou positioning system; the self-generating device generates electricity and is managed; the Beidou positioning device collects data; the Beidou positioning device is built-in high-sensitivity receiving chip, receives Beidou high-precision satellite signal, enhances signal reception through high-gain positioning antenna, combines signal processing algorithm, and realizes real-time acquisition of position information such as longitude, latitude, altitude and speed of the wagon. The state monitoring device acquires real-time data; the axle end state monitoring device monitors parameters such as axle temperature and rotating speed to judge the running state of the bearing. The accelerometer and gyroscope in the attitude sensor measure the acceleration and angular velocity change of the vehicle in three axial directions in real time, and calculate the attitude data such as the motion state, inclination angle and rollover risk of the wagon through a sensor fusion algorithm. The environmental sensor detects the temperature and humidity parameters of the working environment. The main control unit performs intelligent judgment and mode switching; the system realizes real-time sensing of the wagon motion state through the built-in acceleration sensor and gyroscope, automatically switches to the low-power mode when the wagon is stationary, closes the power supply of unnecessary devices, and the Beidou positioning device is awakened for positioning at regular intervals; when the wagon starts or the motion state changes, the normal working mode is restored. The main control unit processes and reports data; the central processor of the main control unit runs a real-time operating system (RTOS) to process Beidou positioning data, state monitoring information, control device communication and reporting strategy, and write control algorithm to realize energy management, abnormal state judgment and alarm triggering. The storage unit encrypts and stores historical positioning data, device operation logs, alarm records and other information. According to the running state of the wagon, the data reporting period is flexibly adjusted. The wireless communication device transmits data: the LoRa gateway adopts LoRaWAN protocol, communicates with the lower nodes such as the axle end monitoring device, and realizes low-power and long-distance data transmission through TDMA technology to allocate communication time slots. The APN secure communication module transmits data by using the AES-256 encryption algorithm, establishes a stable TCP / IP connection. The management platform device processes and feeds back the platform; the communication server receives the data of the vehicle-mounted device through the APN private network, adopts multi-thread processing, and realizes protocol conversion to ensure real-time and accurate data transmission and network security. The server uses distributed storage technology and load balancing algorithm to process and store real-time data of multiple wagons, and has backup and disaster recovery mechanism. Through the visual management software, the positioning monitoring, state early warning, vehicle flow analysis and other functions are provided to present the data in an intuitive interface and in various ways to assist the management personnel in decision-making. When the wagon appears abnormal state such as overspeed and excessive inclination angle, the alarm device sends out sound and light alarm, and uploads the signal to the management platform. When the power generation system fails, the standby power supply automatically switches to temporarily supply power to the key devices, ensuring the system operation and data security, and quickly charging after the main power supply is restored.

[0205] The application fixes the system to the railway wagon by welding the support, without changing the wagon structure, greatly reducing the installation difficulty and cost, and improving the installation efficiency. The self-generating device integrates the pneumatic power generation module and the shaft end power generation module, uses the airflow energy and the shaft rotation mechanical energy when the wagon is running to realize power generation, and provides stable energy for the system. The two power generation methods complement each other, so that even in the case of poor single power generation conditions, the other power generation method can still guarantee system power supply, reduce dependence on external power supply, and reduce operating costs. The power management module monitors and accurately controls the charging process of the lithium iron phosphate battery pack in real time through the charging control unit (BMS), which can effectively prolong the service life of the battery; the power conversion unit converts the electric energy into multiple stable voltages to meet the power supply needs of different devices in the system, and has overvoltage, undervoltage and overload protection functions, which improves energy utilization efficiency and power supply stability. Precise positioning and comprehensive monitoring are realized, the Beidou positioning device is built-in high-sensitivity receiving chip, combined with high-gain positioning antenna and advanced signal processing algorithm, to realize centimeter-level positioning accuracy, and real-time acquisition of accurate longitude, latitude, altitude, speed and other position information of the wagon. Even in complex environments such as tunnels and mountainous areas, signal compensation and multipath suppression technology can ensure stable positioning signals, and provide accurate position data support for railway transportation scheduling and management. The state monitoring device includes shaft end state monitoring device, attitude sensor and environment sensor, which can monitor the running state and environmental parameters of the wagon in multiple dimensions. The shaft end state monitoring device can predict bearing fault hazards in advance; the attitude sensor can quickly respond to changes in vehicle attitude and assess the risk of rollover; the environment sensor monitors extreme temperature and humidity to provide environmental data for equipment maintenance and fault diagnosis, and comprehensively ensures the safety of wagon operation. The main control unit senses the wagon motion state in real time through the built-in sensor, automatically switches between low-power mode and normal working mode, and effectively reduces the energy consumption of the system.

[0206] The above-described and above-mentioned embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, but not limit them; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. A railway freight car self-generating power Beidou positioning method, characterized in that, It comprises the following steps: S1, fix the system to the railway wagon by welding support, and protect the positioning system by the electronic warehouse; S2, self-power generation and management by the self-power generation device; S3, data collection by the Beidou positioning device; real-time acquisition of the longitude and latitude, altitude and driving speed position information of the wagon; S4, real-time data acquisition by the state monitoring device; S5, intelligent judgment and mode switching by the main control unit; S6, data processing and reporting by the main control unit; running a real-time operating system, processing Beidou positioning data and state monitoring information, controlling device communication and reporting strategy; S7, data transmission by the wireless communication device; S8, platform processing and feedback by the management platform device; The communication server receives the vehicle-mounted device data through the APN private network, uses multi-thread processing, performs protocol conversion, and guarantees real-time and accurate data transmission and network security; S9, when the wagon is in an abnormal state, the alarm device sends out sound and light alarm, and at the same time uploads the signal to the management platform; when the power generation system fails, the standby power supply automatically switches to temporarily power the key devices; Step S5 comprises the following steps: S51, real-time data collection: the attitude sensor collects acceleration and angular velocity raw data; the shaft end device synchronously collects rotation speed; S52, motion state discrimination; S53, working mode switching: in the static state, unnecessary modules are closed, and the low-power mode is switched to; in the motion state, the full-function mode is activated; S54, dynamic adjustment of reporting period; S55, system linkage and management platform response: after the platform receives the alarm data, it automatically triggers a three-way response; S56, evaluation and prediction based on motion state data, analysis of wagon driving habits, and optimization of energy consumption management; The main control unit monitors the shaft temperature and rotation speed parameters through the state monitoring device, and feeds back the bearing running state in real time; a bearing life prediction model is established through the shaft temperature and environmental data, and the bearing life prediction model is: L 剩余 = w0+ w1T - bear + w2AT bear '(t) + w3T - env + w4t total + w5AT diff (t); ΔT bear (t) = [T bear (t) - T bear (t - Δt)] / Δt; ΔT diff (t) = T bear (t) - T env (t); where L 剩余 is the remaining life of the bearing; w0is a bias term of the model; w1, w2, w3, w4, w5are weight parameters of the model; T - bear is the average shaft temperature; ΔT bear '(t) is the shaft temperature rate of change; T - env is the average ambient temperature; t total is the cumulative operating time; ΔT diff (t) is the difference between the shaft temperature and the ambient temperature, reflecting the change in the thermal load of the bearing relative to the environment.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method is characterized by: Step S2 comprises the following steps: S21, the wind power generation module captures the airflow energy when the wagon is driving through the blades, drives the generator rotor to rotate and generates electricity; S22, the shaft end power generation module utilizes the rotation of the axle to drive the micro generator to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy; S23, the power management module stores, distributes and adjusts the electrical energy generated by the wind power generation module and the shaft end power generation module; S24, the power conversion unit converts the electrical energy output by the storage battery into multiple stable voltages to power each device.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method is characterized by: Step S4 comprises the following steps: S41, the shaft end state monitoring device monitors the shaft temperature and rotation speed parameters to determine the bearing running state; S42, the accelerometer and gyroscope in the attitude sensor measure the acceleration and angular velocity changes of the vehicle in three axial directions in real time, calculate the wagon motion state, inclination angle and rollover risk attitude data; S43, the environmental sensor detects the working environment temperature and humidity parameters.

4. The method according to claim 2, wherein the method is characterized by: Step S23 comprises the following steps: S231, power input: the AC power output by the wind power generator module is connected to the power management module through a cable, first converted to DC power by a rectifier bridge, and then filtered by an LC filter circuit to remove high-frequency ripple, outputting a stable DC voltage; the pulsating DC power output by the micro-generator of the shaft-end power generation module directly enters the power management module, which is boosted or reduced by a Buck-Boost converter; S232, input power detection: real-time collection of two-way input voltage and current; S233, power storage management: battery pack connection and state evaluation, real-time reading of battery pack parameters by BMS, and selection of charging mode; S234, charging protection: including overcharge protection, overheat protection and balance control; S235, power distribution and output control; S236, system stability protection: dynamic voltage regulation to ensure stable output voltage; S237, data recording: local storage and recording of data.

5. The method according to claim 2, wherein the method is characterized by: The wind power generation module includes: Energy capture device: including blades and hub; Energy conversion device: including generator and speed increasing gear box; Energy transmission control device: including rectifier, controller and cable; Protective cover: to protect the electrical equipment inside the power generation module from external environmental factors, the protective cover is made of materials with good protective performance.

6. The method according to claim 2, wherein the method is characterized by: The shaft-end power generation module includes: Energy conversion device: including micro-generator and transmission mechanism; the micro-generator uses a permanent magnet type micro-generator; the transmission mechanism uses a gear transmission method; the gear transmission mechanism of the transmission mechanism uses a two-stage speed reduction gear box design.

7. The method according to claim 2, wherein the method is characterized by: Power management module: including rectifier filter circuit and voltage stabilizing module; Rectifier filter circuit: converts AC power to DC power and smooths the current and voltage, removing noise; Voltage stabilizing module: accurately regulates the voltage after rectification and filtering; automatically adjusts the output voltage according to the load change; The wind power generation module is equipped with an intelligent wind speed regulation device, which can automatically adjust the blade angle to reduce wind resistance and avoid damage to the power generation components in extreme windy weather; the module is equipped with a built-in power generation efficiency monitoring sensor to collect real-time power generation data.

8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method is a method for a railway wagon on-board self-power generation Beidou positioning. In step S6, the central processor processes positioning data and state information, controls inter-device communication and reporting strategies; including traffic management, mileage management, freight management, revenue management and efficiency management; among them, the traffic management unifies the management of freight cars in the entire railway transportation network, and real-time masters the freight car flow situation of each line and station; through data analysis, it predicts the peak and trough periods of traffic flow, and reasonably arranges the scheduling plan; the traffic management model is: Q(t + τ) =∑ M i=1 [w i Q(t - τ i )+ e(t)]; where Q(t + τ) is the freight car flow of a certain line at time t + τ; τ is the prediction time interval; M is the order of historical data selected by the model; w i is the weight coefficient of the i-th order historical flow; τ i is the delay length of the i-th order historical data; and e(t) is a white noise term subject to normal distribution.

9. A railway wagon self-generating Beidou positioning system using the railway wagon self-generating Beidou positioning method of any one of claims 1-8, comprising: Railway freight car, self-power generation device, Beidou positioning device, state monitoring device, wireless communication device, main control unit, electronic warehouse, welded support, management platform device, alarm device and backup power supply; characterized in that: Railway freight car: for transporting goods; Self-power generation device: including wind power generation module, shaft-end power generation module and power management module; Beidou positioning device: receives Beidou high-precision satellite signals to obtain real-time latitude, longitude and altitude position information of the freight car; equipped with a positioning antenna; State monitoring equipment: including shaft end state monitoring device, attitude sensor and environmental sensor; Shaft end state monitoring device: monitoring shaft temperature and rotating speed parameters, real-time feedback bearing running state; Attitude sensor: containing accelerometer and gyroscope, monitoring motion state and inclination angle attitude data of the truck; Environmental sensor: detecting temperature and humidity parameters of the working environment; Wireless communication equipment: including LoRa gateway, APN safe communication module and communication antenna; Main control unit: including central processing unit and storage unit; central processing unit processes positioning data and state information, controls communication between devices and reporting strategy; storage unit stores historical positioning data and device running log information; Electronic warehouse: protecting internal electronic equipment; the shell adopts high-strength aluminum alloy material; Welding support: fixing system equipment on the truck through welding method; Management platform equipment: including server, visual management software and communication server; Alarm device: triggering sound and light alarm when the truck appears abnormal state; Backup power supply: providing temporary power supply when the power generation system fails.

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