Microwave rainfall monitoring equipment dormancy control method suitable for mountainous area

Abstract

The invention discloses a microwave rainfall monitoring equipment dormancy control method suitable for a mountainous area. The method comprises the following steps: (1) acquiring microwave link data, synchronous area rainfall data and weather forecast data of the next day in a target drainage basin in real time; (2) data processing; (3) counting a microwave signal attenuation value per 1h from zero hour every day by taking every 4h as a time period, and selecting a proper method to obtain a sunny and rainy period judgment result set Q; (4) partitioning the grids, and counting the average surface rainfall on each grid; (5) carrying out statistics on the total forecast rainfall amount F in the next day by adopting weather forecast data, and setting a forecast rainfall amount threshold value theta 1; (6) if F is less than or equal to theta1, turning to S7; otherwise, the equipment does not sleep; and (7) calculating the weighted area rainfall M of the time period, and judging whether the equipment is dormant or not by combining with the sunny and rainy period judgment result set Q in the S3. According to the method, multi-source rainfall information can be fused, the limitation of ground single monitoring source judgment is made up, and the service life of microwave rainfall monitoring equipment in practical application is prolonged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for controlling the dormancy of a microwave rainfall monitoring device suitable for mountainous areas, belonging to the field of precipitation monitoring. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, extreme weather events have been frequent, showing the characteristics of wide occurrence, high frequency, and sudden occurrence. According to the Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction 2024 (GAR, 2024), extreme weather events are expected to become more severe and become the top risk in the next decade. In order to respond to and actively defend against flood disasters caused by extreme weather in advance, the Ministry of Water Resources has accelerated the construction of the "three lines of defense" for rainfall and water level monitoring and early warning, and promoted the research, development, and application of new technologies and new equipment. Microwave precipitation monitoring technology uses the attenuation characteristics and related attribute information of microwave links to invert ground precipitation. Due to its advantages such as high-frequency detection, high accuracy, low construction and operation and maintenance costs, and little restriction on construction conditions by the underlying surface, with the increasing improvement of communication network infrastructure, it has gradually been promoted and applied in many places in southern China.

[0003] For electronic devices, heating means a shortening of the working life. Under conditions such as too short low-frequency link lengths and component failures, attenuation is often not detected. If the total attenuation is too low and the signal power is too high, the device will face the risk of being burned out. In actual application scenarios, microwave rain gauges, especially miniaturized microwave rainfall monitoring dedicated devices, are often deployed in outdoor environments such as mountainous areas with frequent local heavy rainfall, facing problems such as harsh field working environments and difficult maintenance in a timely manner, which exacerbates the risk of device burnout. Minimizing the continuous transceiver signals of the device outdoors for a long time can, on the one hand, reduce energy consumption and extend the device life, and on the other hand, reduce the risk of component damage. Therefore, it is necessary to set up a dormancy mechanism for microwave rain gauges to control the device to standby during continuous non-rainy periods, especially during periods with low risks of sudden heavy rain such as the dry season. However, in China, fiber optic communication is mainly used, and the application of microwave precipitation monitoring technology mostly relies on microwave rain gauges independently developed by various universities and other research institutions. In terms of the construction of the device production chain and large-scale application and promotion, it is still in its infancy, lacking relevant exploration of the method for controlling the dormancy of microwave rain gauges, which restricts the expansion of the device application scenarios and large-scale industrialization promotion. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Object of the Invention: In order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a method for controlling the dormancy of a microwave rainfall monitoring device suitable for mountainous areas, which can integrate multi-source precipitation information, make up for the limitations of the discrimination of a single ground monitoring source, and improve the service life of the microwave rainfall monitoring device in actual applications.

[0005] Technical Solution: To solve the above technical problems, a method for controlling the dormancy of a microwave rainfall monitoring device suitable for mountainous areas according to the present invention includes the following steps:

[0006] S1: Obtain the microwave link data, the concurrent areal rainfall data, and the weather forecast data for the next 1 day in the target basin in real time, calculate the total forecast rainfall F for the next 1 day, and set the forecast rainfall threshold θ1.

[0007] S2: Remove the microwave links with abnormal data fluctuations, and filter the clutter for the remaining links.

[0008] S3: Starting from zero o'clock every day, taking every 4h as a time period, calculate the microwave signal attenuation value for each 1h in each time period to obtain the sunny-rainy period discrimination result set Q.

[0009] S4: Taking the midpoint of the microwave link as the center, delimit a square area of appropriate size and perform grid partitioning, and calculate the areal average rainfall on each grid.

[0010] S5: If F≤θ1, go to S6; otherwise, the device does not enter the sleep state.

[0011] S6: Calculate the weighted areal rainfall M for this time period, and combine it with the sunny-rainy period discrimination result set Q described in S3 to determine whether the device enters the sleep state.

[0012] Preferably, the concurrent areal rainfall data in S1 is the concurrent areal rainfall data monitored by satellite or radar.

[0013] Preferably, the weather forecast data for the next 1 day in S1 is the hourly rainfall forecast data for the next 1 day obtained from the Central Meteorological Observatory or local meteorological bureaus.

[0014] Preferably, the sunny-rainy period discrimination result set Q in S3 is obtained by the sliding standard deviation method or the auxiliary data discrimination method.

[0015] Preferably, S3 includes the following specific steps:

[0016] S31: Starting from zero o'clock every day, taking every 4h as a time period, calculate the microwave signal attenuation value R for each 1h in this time period respectively i , where i = 1, 2, 3, 4, to form the microwave signal attenuation value set R = {R1, R2, R3, R4};

[0017] S32: Based on the microwave signal attenuation value set R in S31, select a sunny-rainy period discrimination method f, and calculate to obtain the sunny-rainy period result set Q. The formula is as follows:

[0018] Q = f(R) = {Q i} (1)

[0019]

[0020] In the formula, Q iRain and shine period discrimination results for each 1h within this period.

[0021] Preferably, in S4, the square area of appropriate size delimited is 3*3 km 2 or 6*6 km 2 or 9*9 km 2 square area.

[0022] Preferably, S4 specifically includes the following steps:

[0023] S41: Centered on the midpoint of the microwave link, delimit a square area with an area of n*n km 2 and divide the area into a 3*3 grid;

[0024] S42: For each 4h period starting from zero o'clock every day, using the areal rainfall data, respectively count the areal average rainfall W jk , j = 1, 2, 3; k = 1, 2, 3.

[0025] Preferably, the rainfall threshold θ1 ranges from 0.1 to 1 mm.

[0026] Preferably, S6 specifically includes the following steps:

[0027] S61: Based on the areal average rainfall W jk described in S42, using the weight assignment method, calculate the weighted areal rainfall M of this period, and the formula is as follows:

[0028] M = ∑λ jk W jk (3)

[0029] In the formula, λ jk is the weight score, with a value range of 0 to 1, and ∑λ jk = 1;

[0030] S62: Set the areal rainfall threshold θ2;

[0031] S63: If both M ≤ θ2 and |{Q i |Q i = 0}| ≥ 3 are satisfied, the device goes into sleep mode; otherwise the device does not go into sleep mode.

[0032] Preferably, in S62, the set areal rainfall threshold θ2 ranges from 0.1 to 1 mm.

[0033] Beneficial effects: A method for controlling the dormancy of a microwave rainfall monitoring device applicable to mountainous areas according to the present invention can integrate multi-source precipitation information, make up for the limitations of discrimination by a single ground monitoring source, improve the service life of the microwave rainfall monitoring device in practical applications, and is widely applied to the field of rainfall inversion by microwave signals, providing a basis for scientific decision-making. Description of the Drawings

[0034] Figure 1 It is a flowchart of a method for controlling the dormancy of a microwave rainfall monitoring device applicable to mountainous areas according to the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2 It is a square area grid division diagram. Detailed Embodiments

[0036] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the drawings.

[0037] The study area of the present invention is located in the Three Gorges Basin, belonging to the mountainous landform of the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River. The Three Gorges Dam area is located at the intersection of three major tectonic units: the Daba Mountain faulted fold belt, the eastern Sichuan fold belt, and the Sichuan-Hubei-Hunan-Guizhou uplift fold belt, with certain geological instabilities. There are many abandoned gold mines and quarries in the basin. Due to perennial mining and groundwater extraction in such areas, the risks of landslides and rockfalls are increased. The study area is located in Zigui County, Yichang City, mainly composed of Quaternary strata, including some modern loose accumulation layers. When heavy rainfall occurs and the water level of the reservoir area rises rapidly, causing the slope soil to be infiltrated, it is easy to trigger the phenomenon of accumulation layer landslides. This area is a high-incidence area of landslide disasters in the perennial reservoir area section. There are many rockfall sections in the basin. On both sides of the banks of the upper and middle reaches of several tributaries, the rock masses are easily eroded all year round, resulting in mountain rockfalls. Therefore, higher requirements are put forward for the site selection and layout of hydrometeorological instruments, increasing the difficulty of timely maintenance of equipment during the rainy season.

[0038] Example 1: In this example, as Figure 1 shown, a method for controlling the dormancy of a microwave rainfall monitoring device applicable to mountainous areas specifically includes the following steps:

[0039] S1: Real-time obtain the microwave link data, the synchronous areal rainfall data, and the weather forecast data for the next 1 day within the target basin.

[0040] The synchronous areal rainfall data is the synchronous areal rainfall data monitored by the X-band rain gauge radar in Zigui County.

[0041] The weather forecast data for the next 1 day is the hourly rainfall forecast data for the next 1 day obtained through the Central Meteorological Observatory.

[0042] S2: Remove the microwave links with abnormal data fluctuations and filter the clutter for the remaining links.

[0043] S3: Starting from zero o'clock every day, taking every 4h as a time period, count the microwave signal attenuation value per 1h, and select an appropriate method to obtain the clear-rain period discrimination result set Q, specifically including:

[0044] S31: Starting from zero o'clock every day, taking every 4h as a time period, respectively count the microwave signal attenuation value R per 1h within this time period i (i = 1, 2, 3, 4), forming the microwave signal attenuation value set R = {R1, R2, R3, R4};

[0045] S32: Based on the microwave signal attenuation value set R in S31, select a clear-rain period discrimination method f, and calculate to obtain the clear-rain period result set Q. The formula is as follows:

[0046] Q = f(R) = {Q i} (1)

[0047]

[0048] In the formula, Q i is the clear-rain period discrimination result per 1h within this time period.

[0049] The selection of an appropriate method to obtain the clear-rain period discrimination result set Q is the sliding standard deviation method and the auxiliary data discrimination method. In this embodiment, the sliding standard deviation method is selected.

[0050] S4: Taking the midpoint of the microwave link as the center, delimit a square area of appropriate size and perform grid partitioning, and count the areal average rainfall on each grid. Specifically including:

[0051] S41: Taking the midpoint of the microwave link as the center, delimit a square area with an area of n*n km 2 and divide the area into a 3*3 grid;

[0052] S42: For each 4h time period starting from zero o'clock every day, using the areal rainfall data, respectively count the areal average rainfall W on each grid within this time period jk (j = 1, 2, 3; k = 1, 2, 3).

[0053] The delimited square area of appropriate size is a 3*3km 2 square area. The determination of the square area size comprehensively considers the resolution of the areal rainfall data of the rain gauge radar and the layout density of the microwave link. In practical applications, the available computing power size will also be considered.

[0054] S5: Using the weather forecast data, count the total forecast rainfall F for the next 1 day and set the forecast rainfall threshold θ1.

[0055] The set forecast rainfall threshold θ1 has a value range of 0.1 - 1 mm. In this embodiment, the value is 0.1 mm.

[0056] S6: If F ≤ θ1, go to S7; otherwise, the device does not enter sleep mode.

[0057] S7: Calculate the weighted areal rainfall M for this time period, and based on the sunny - rainy period discrimination result set Q described in S3, determine whether the device enters sleep mode. Specifically, it includes:

[0058] S71: Based on the areal average rainfall W described in S42 jk , use the weight - scoring method to calculate the weighted areal rainfall M for this time period. The formula is as follows:

[0059] M = ∑λ jk W jk (3)

[0060] In the formula, λ jk is the weight score, with a value range of 0 - 1, and ∑λ jk = 1;

[0061] S72: Set the areal rainfall threshold θ2;

[0062] The set areal rainfall threshold θ2 has a value range of 0.1 - 1 mm. In this embodiment, the value is 0.1 mm.

[0063] S73: If both M ≤ θ2 and |{Q i |Q i = 0}| ≥ 3 are satisfied, the device enters sleep mode; otherwise, the device does not enter sleep mode.

[0064] A microwave link usually includes two devices, a transmitter and a receiver. When determining sleep mode, the two devices on one link are not judged separately, but are calculated as a whole and synchronously controlled. For a certain microwave link, when at least 3 time periods in this 4 - h time period are judged as non - rainfall periods, and the weighted areal rainfall M calculated from the radar rainfall data for this time period is not greater than the areal rainfall threshold θ2, the devices on this link enter sleep mode synchronously.

[0065] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and refinements can be made, and these improvements and refinements should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for controlling the dormancy of a microwave rainfall monitoring device applicable to mountainous areas, characterized in that, Including the following steps: S1: Obtain the microwave link data, concurrent areal rainfall data, and weather forecast data for the next 1 day within the target watershed in real time, calculate the total forecast rainfall F for the next 1 day, and set the forecast rainfall threshold θ1; S2: Remove the microwave links with abnormal data fluctuations, and filter the clutter for the remaining links; S3: Starting from 0:00 every day, taking every 4h as a time period, calculate the microwave signal attenuation value for each hour in each time period to obtain the clear-rain period discrimination result set Q; S4: Centering on the midpoint of the microwave link, delimit a square area of appropriate size and perform grid partitioning, and calculate the areal average rainfall on each grid; S5: If F≤θ1, go to S6; otherwise, the device does not enter the sleep state; S6: Calculate the weighted areal rainfall M for this time period, and combine it with the clear-rain period discrimination result set Q described in S3 to determine whether the device enters the sleep state.

2. A method for controlling the dormancy of a microwave rainfall monitoring device applicable to mountainous areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S1, the concurrent areal rainfall data is the concurrent areal rainfall data monitored by satellites or radars.

3. A method for controlling the dormancy of a microwave rainfall monitoring device applicable to mountainous areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S1, the weather forecast data for the next 1 day is the hourly rainfall forecast data for the next 1 day obtained from the Central Meteorological Observatory or local meteorological bureaus.

4. A method for controlling the dormancy of a microwave rainfall monitoring device applicable to mountainous areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S3, the clear-rain period discrimination result set Q is obtained by the sliding standard deviation method or the auxiliary data discrimination method.

5. A method for controlling the dormancy of a microwave rainfall monitoring device applicable to mountainous areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, S3 specifically includes the following steps: S31: Starting from zero o'clock every day, taking every 4h as a time period, respectively count the microwave signal attenuation value R per 1h within this time period, i = 1, 2, 3, 4, to form a microwave signal attenuation value set R = {R1, R2, R3, R4}; i , i = 1, 2, 3, 4, to form a microwave signal attenuation value set R = {R1, R2, R3, R4}; S32: Based on the microwave signal attenuation value set R in S31, select a clear-rain period discrimination method f, and calculate to obtain the clear-rain period result set Q. The formula is as follows: Q = f(R) = {Q i} (1) where Q i is the sunny-rainy period discrimination result for each 1h within this period.

6. A method for controlling the dormancy of a microwave rainfall monitoring device applicable to mountainous areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S4, the appropriate-sized square area is delimited, which is 3*3 km 2 or 6*6 km 2 or 9*9 km 2 square area.

7. A method for controlling the dormancy of a microwave rainfall monitoring device applicable to mountainous areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: S4 specifically includes the following steps: S41: Centering around the midpoint of the microwave link, delimit a square area of n*n km 2 and divide the area into a 3*3 grid; S42: For each 4-hour period starting from 0:00 daily, using the areal rainfall data, the areal average rainfall W of each grid for this period is statistically calculated respectively. jk , j = 1, 2, 3; k = 1, 2, 3.

8. A method for controlling the dormancy of a microwave rainfall monitoring device applicable to mountainous areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The value range of the rainfall threshold λ1 is 0.1~1mm.

9. A method for controlling the dormancy of a microwave rainfall monitoring device applicable to mountainous areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: S6 specifically includes the following steps: S61: Based on the areal average rainfall W described in S42 jk , the weighted areal rainfall M for this period is calculated using the weight assignment method, and the formula is as follows: M = ∑λ jk W jk (3) where λ jk is the weight score, with a value range of 0 to 1, and ∑λ jk = 1; S62: Set the areal rainfall threshold θ2; S63: If both M ≤ θ2 and |{Q i |Q i | = 0}| ≥ 3 are satisfied, the device goes into sleep mode; otherwise, the device does not go into sleep mode.

10. A method for controlling the dormancy of a microwave rainfall monitoring device applicable to mountainous areas according to claim 9, characterized in that, In S62, when setting the areal rainfall threshold θ2, the value range is 0.1~1mm.

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