Lightning arrester capable of automatically aligning capacitor sheets

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of lightning arresters, and particularly relates to a self-aligned capacitor sheet lightning arrester, which comprises resistor sheets, a capacitor sheet assembly and the like, the resistor sheets are used for sharing voltage surge generated by lightning stroke, and the capacitor sheet assembly is used for ensuring that all the resistor sheets perform effective and uniform voltage division on the voltage surge generated by lightning stroke. According to the invention, the capacitor block of the capacitor sheet assembly can form an open circuit when the capacitor block is broken down by lightning and damaged, so that all the resistor sheets can still keep effective uniform voltage division when a certain capacitor sheet assembly breaks down or is damaged, and all the resistor sheets are effectively protected from voltage division burden increase caused by damage of a certain resistor sheet; the service life of the resistor disc is prolonged and the maintenance cost of the arrester is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of lightning arresters, and in particular relates to a lightning arrester with a self-aligned capacitor sheet. Background Art

[0002] Lightning arresters are devices that protect the protected equipment in the substation from lightning shock waves. They are also electrical appliances used to protect electrical equipment from damage caused by transient overvoltage shocks. When the lightning shock wave transmitted to the substation along the line exceeds the protection level of the lightning arrester, the lightning arrester first discharges and safely introduces the lightning current into the earth through a good conductor, and uses the grounding device to limit the lightning voltage amplitude to below the lightning shock level of the protected equipment, thereby achieving the purpose of protecting the electrical equipment. When the overvoltage value reaches the specified action voltage, the lightning arrester immediately acts, flows through the charge, limits the overvoltage amplitude, and protects the insulation of the equipment. After the voltage value returns to normal, the lightning arrester quickly returns to its original state to ensure normal power supply to the system.

[0003] The arrester has multiple resistors connected in series, and the multiple resistors connected in series can share the voltage surge. When the high voltage current passes through, the resistors will cause uneven voltage division due to manufacturing tolerance, and some resistors will be damaged due to excessive voltage. By connecting capacitors in parallel to each resistor, the characteristic that impedance is inversely proportional to frequency can be used to ensure that the series resistors divide the voltage surge evenly. For example, the patent with application number 200910176564.X discloses this technology. However, this technology requires that the potential of the capacitor is equal to the potential of the corresponding resistor after installation. However, due to factors such as processing errors and assembly processes, the capacitor and the resistor cannot maintain the same potential (i.e., the same height), so it is impossible to ensure that the capacitor and the corresponding resistor are in the same potential state after installation, and thus it is impossible to achieve the purpose of using the capacitors connected in parallel to make the resistors connected in series effectively divide the voltage surge evenly.

[0004] During use, the capacitor connected in parallel with the resistor is easily broken down during thunderstorm. When the capacitor is broken down, the broken-down capacitor will short-circuit the resistor connected in parallel with it. The short-circuited resistor loses the function of dividing voltage with other resistors, and the voltage dividing pressure of other resistors increases, making the resistor have a greater risk of damage.

[0005] In addition, when the capacitor connected in parallel with the resistor is damaged, the volume of the capacitor will increase accordingly and there is a risk of explosion. The explosion of the capacitor will cause the casing of the arrester to burst, thereby causing the entire arrester to disintegrate and fail.

[0006] The present invention designs a lightning arrester with a self-aligned capacitor sheet to solve the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0007] Based on this, it is necessary to provide a lightning arrester with self-aligning capacitor plates to address the problems existing in current lightning arresters. In the present invention, elastic electrical contacts with equal elastic coefficients on the first clamping plate and the second clamping plate on both sides of the capacitor plate assembly or elastic electrical contacts with equal elastic coefficients on two second clamping plates enable the capacitor blocks in the capacitor plate assembly to be in an equipotential state with the corresponding resistor plates. Thus, the purpose of effectively and evenly dividing the voltage surge by the resistor plates connected in series through the parallel-connected capacitor plate assemblies is achieved. When a capacitor block in the capacitor plate assembly of the present invention is damaged due to being struck by lightning, its volume increases, and the electric contact block at the end of the swing rod is driven by the ejector rod to disconnect the electrical connection with the capacitor block, thereby forming an open circuit. This ensures that all resistor plates still maintain effective and uniform voltage division when a certain capacitor plate assembly fails or is damaged, and the situation where the corresponding resistor plates lose their voltage division function due to the failure of a certain capacitor plate assembly will not occur. This effectively protects all resistor plates from an increased voltage division burden caused by the damage of a certain resistor plate, extends the lifespan of the resistor plates, and reduces the maintenance cost of the lightning arrester. In the present invention, the first stop block disposed between the capacitor plate assembly and the resistor plate and surrounding and shielding the corresponding capacitor plate assembly by 180 degrees can effectively prevent the explosion of the capacitor plate assembly from damaging the resistor plate when the capacitor plate explodes. At the same time, the pressure relief groove opened on one side of the capacitor plate assembly and opposite to the first stop block on the cladding made of silicone rubber material in the present invention makes the thickness of the shielding wall surface in the other 180-degree range of the capacitor plate assembly thinner, so as to relieve the destructive force generated by the explosion of the capacitor plate assembly outward, ensuring that the overall lightning arrester will not disintegrate due to the explosion of the capacitor plate assembly and effectively reducing the damage degree of the lightning arrester caused by the explosion of the capacitor plate assembly.

[0008] The above object is achieved by the following technical solutions: A lightning arrester with self-aligning capacitor plates for protecting substation equipment from lightning strikes, comprising: A number of resistor plates stacked in series and with their positive and negative electrodes electrically connected, for sharing the voltage surge generated by lightning strikes.

[0009] A number of capacitor plate assemblies connected in parallel with the resistor plates one by one, for ensuring that all resistor plates effectively and evenly divide the voltage surge generated by lightning strikes. The capacitor plate assembly has a structural feature that when it is struck by lightning and breaks down, it forms an open circuit by itself, enabling all resistor plates to continuously divide the voltage surge generated by lightning strikes.

[0010] A cladding made of silicone rubber material molded on the outside of the resistor plates and capacitor plate assemblies through a high-temperature curing process, for forming a sealed protection for the resistor plates and capacitor plate assemblies. A number of umbrella skirts are formed on the outside of the cladding.

[0011] In one embodiment, two first clamping plates are provided at both ends of all the resistor plates, a second clamping plate is provided between adjacent resistor plates, and ear plates for clamping the corresponding capacitor plate assemblies and enabling the capacitor plate assemblies to be connected in parallel with the corresponding resistor plates are provided on both the first clamping plate and the second clamping plate. The two first clamping plates are clamped and fixed to all the second clamping plates and resistor plates by four insulating material tie rods circumferentially spaced 90 degrees apart, and the ear plates of the two first clamping plates are tensioned and fixed by two tie rods.

[0012] In one embodiment, both ends of the tie rod respectively pass through the perforated pull ears on the first clamping plate or the ear plate and are fixed thereto by nuts.

[0013] In one embodiment, the capacitor plate assembly includes a cylindrical shell. Two electric contacts for cooperating with the electric contacts on the ear plates of the first clamping plate and the second clamping plate or the electric contact pieces on the ear plates of the two second clamping plates are provided at both ends of the cylindrical shell. Positioning grooves for cooperating with the corresponding electric contact pieces are provided on the electric contacts. A cylindrical capacitor block eccentric to the cylindrical shell is adhesively fixed to the inner wall of the cylindrical shell. Both ends of the capacitor block are electrically connected to the two electric contacts respectively. A contact-breaking structure is provided in the cylindrical shell to disconnect one end of the capacitor block from the corresponding electric contact when the volume of the capacitor block increases due to being damaged by lightning strike.

[0014] In one embodiment, one end of the capacitor block is electrically connected to the corresponding end electric contact through a wire, and the other end of the capacitor block is in electrical contact and cooperation with an electric contact block connected to the corresponding end electric contact through a pressure spring.

[0015] In one embodiment, the contact-breaking structure includes a V-shaped swing rod and a push rod. One end of the swing rod is fixedly connected to the electric contact block, the other end of the swing rod is hinged to the inner cylindrical surface of the cylindrical shell, the push rod is arranged in the gap between the capacitor block and the cylindrical shell, one end of the push rod is hinged to the inner end of the cylindrical shell, the other end of the push rod abuts against the concave surface of the swing rod, and a push block for contacting the cylindrical surface of the capacitor block is provided on the push rod.

[0016] In one embodiment, a roller for cooperating with the concave surface of the swing rod is provided at the swinging end of the push rod.

[0017] In one embodiment, a screw sleeve is provided on the first clamping plate, and the screw sleeve is threadedly connected to the positive electrode or the negative electrode.

[0018] In one embodiment, a material-passing hole opposite to the corresponding electric contact piece is provided on the ear plate.

[0019] In one embodiment, a first stopper that forms a semi-circular 180-degree enclosure for the corresponding cylindrical shell is provided between the cylindrical shell and the corresponding resistor sheet. Two lugs that are symmetrically arranged on the first stopper and are hooked and connected to the pull rod are provided. A plurality of pressure relief grooves that are opposite to the first stopper one by one and make the wall thickness of the small-sized cladding on the other side of the cylindrical shell are provided on the outer wall of the cladding. A second stopper is inserted into the pressure relief groove.

[0020] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. In the present invention, the elastic electric contact pieces with equal elastic coefficients on the first clamping plate and the second clamping plate on both sides of the capacitor sheet assembly or the elastic electric contact pieces with equal elastic coefficients on the two second clamping plates enable the capacitor blocks in the capacitor sheet assembly to be in an equipotential state with the corresponding resistor sheets, thereby achieving the purpose of effectively and evenly dividing the voltage surge by the resistor sheets connected in series by using the parallel capacitor sheet assemblies.

[0021] 2. When the capacitor block of the capacitor sheet assembly in the present invention is damaged due to being struck by lightning, its volume increases, and the electric contact block at the end of the swing rod is driven by the ejector rod to disconnect the electrical connection with the capacitor block, thereby forming an open circuit, ensuring that all the resistor sheets still maintain effective and uniform voltage division when a certain capacitor sheet assembly fails or is damaged, and preventing the situation that the corresponding resistor sheet loses its voltage division function due to the failure of a certain capacitor sheet assembly, effectively protecting all the resistor sheets from an increase in voltage division burden due to the damage of a certain resistor sheet, prolonging the service life of the resistor sheet, and reducing the maintenance cost of the lightning arrester.

[0022] 3. The first stopper provided between the capacitor sheet assembly and the resistor sheet and forming a 180-degree enclosure and shielding for the corresponding capacitor sheet assembly can effectively prevent the explosion of the capacitor sheet assembly from damaging the resistor sheet when the capacitor sheet explodes. At the same time, the pressure relief grooves provided on the cladding made of silicone rubber material on one side of the capacitor sheet assembly and opposite to the first stopper make the thickness of the shielding wall surface in the other 180-degree range of the capacitor sheet assembly thinner, so as to relieve the destructive force generated by the explosion of the capacitor sheet assembly outward, ensuring that the overall lightning arrester will not disintegrate due to the explosion of the capacitor sheet assembly, and effectively reducing the damage degree of the lightning arrester due to the explosion of the capacitor sheet assembly. Description of the Drawings

[0023] Figure 1 is the overall schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 is the first cross-sectional view of the present invention; Figure 3 is the partial cross-sectional view of the present invention; Figure 4 is the second cross-sectional view of the present invention; Figure 5 is the third cross-sectional view of the present invention; Figure 6It is the resistor sheet stacking structure and its cross-sectional view in the present invention; Figure 7 It is the cross-sectional view of the resistor sheet stacking structure in the present invention; Figure 8 It is the first clamping plate and its cross-sectional view; Figure 9 It is the second clamping plate and its cross-sectional view; Figure 10 It is the schematic diagram of the first stop block structure; Figure 11 It is the schematic diagram of the capacitor sheet assembly; Figure 12 It is the cross-sectional view of the capacitor sheet assembly; Figure 13 It is the schematic diagram of the silica rubber material cladding structure; Figure 14 It is the schematic diagram of the normal working state of the capacitor sheet assembly; Figure 15 It is the schematic diagram of the damaged state of the capacitor sheet assembly; Names of the reference numerals in the figure: 101. First clamping plate; 102. Pulling ear; 103. Screw sleeve; 104. Ear plate; 105. Material-passing hole; 106. Electric contact piece; 107. Second clamping plate; 108. Resistor sheet; 109. Pull rod; 111. Nut; 112. Positive electrode; 113. Negative electrode; 114. First stop block; 115. Hanging ear; 116. Cladding; 117. Pressure relief groove; 118. Umbrella skirt; 119. Second stop block; 200. Capacitor sheet assembly; 201. Cylindrical shell; 202. Electric contact; 203. Capacitor block; 204. Wire; 205. Thrust rod; 206. Thrust block; 207. Roller; 208. Swing rod; 209. Electric contact block; 210. Pressing spring; 211. Positioning groove; 212. Contact-breaking structure. Detailed implementation manners

[0024] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below through embodiments and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0025] The serial numbers assigned to the components in this text itself, such as "first", "second", etc., are only used to distinguish the described objects and do not have any sequential or technical meanings. And the "connection" and "coupling" mentioned in this application, unless otherwise specified, both include direct and indirect connection (coupling). In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

[0026] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, the first feature being "on" or "under" the second feature may be that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Moreover, the first feature being "above", "over" and "on" the second feature may be that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or merely indicates that the first feature has a higher horizontal height than the second feature. The first feature being "under", "beneath" and "under" the second feature may be that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or merely indicates that the first feature has a lower horizontal height than the second feature.

[0027] As Figures 1-15 shown, a lightning arrester with self-aligning capacitor plates for protecting substation equipment from lightning strikes includes: A plurality of resistor plates 108 stacked in series and with the positive electrode 112 and the negative electrode 113 electrically connected, which are used to share the voltage surge generated by lightning strikes.

[0028] A plurality of capacitor plate assemblies 200 connected in parallel corresponding to the resistor plates 108 one by one, which are used to ensure that all the resistor plates 108 effectively and evenly divide the voltage surge generated by lightning strikes. The capacitor plate assembly 200 has a structural feature that when it is broken down by lightning, it generates an open circuit by itself, so that all the resistor plates 108 continuously divide the voltage surge generated by lightning strikes.

[0029] A silica rubber material cladding 116 formed by a high-temperature curing process on the outer sides of the resistor plates 108 and the capacitor plate assemblies 200, which is used to form a sealed protection for the resistor plates 108 and the capacitor plate assemblies 200, and a plurality of umbrella skirts 118 are formed on the outer side of the cladding 116.

[0030] In a further embodiment, as Figure 2 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 5 、 Figure 6 、 Figure 7As shown, two first clamping plates 101 are provided at both ends of all the resistor chips 108, and a second clamping plate 107 is provided between adjacent resistor chips 108. Ear plates 104 for clamping the corresponding capacitor chip assemblies 200 and making the capacitor chip assemblies 200 form a parallel connection with the corresponding resistor chips 108 are provided on both the first clamping plates 101 and the second clamping plates 107. The two first clamping plates 101 clamp and fix all the second clamping plates 107 and resistor chips 108 through four insulating material pull rods 109 circumferentially spaced 90 degrees apart. The ear plates 104 of the two first clamping plates 101 are tightened and fixed through two pull rods 109.

[0031] In a further embodiment, as Figure 5 shown, both ends of the pull rod 109 respectively pass through the perforated pull ears 102 on the first clamping plate 101 or the ear plate 104 and are fixed thereto by nuts 111.

[0032] In a further embodiment, as Figure 11 、 Figure 12 shown, the capacitor chip assembly 200 includes a cylindrical shell 201. Two electric contacts 202 that cooperate with the electric contacts 202 on the ear plates 104 of the first clamping plate 101 and the second clamping plate 107 or the electric contact pieces 106 on the ear plates 104 of the two second clamping plates 107 are provided at both ends of the cylindrical shell 201. Positioning grooves 211 for cooperating with the corresponding electric contact pieces 106 are formed in the electric contacts 202. A cylindrical capacitor block 203 eccentric to the cylindrical shell 201 is adhesively fixed to the inner wall of the cylindrical shell 201. Both ends of the capacitor block 203 are electrically connected to the two electric contacts 202 respectively. A contact-breaking structure 212 is provided in the cylindrical shell 201 to disconnect one end of the capacitor block 203 from the corresponding electric contact 202 when the capacitor block 203 is damaged due to lightning strike and its volume increases.

[0033] In a further embodiment, as Figure 11 、 Figure 12 shown, one end of the capacitor block 203 is electrically connected to the corresponding end electric contact 202 through a wire 204, and the other end of the capacitor block 203 is in electrical contact and cooperation with an electric contact block 209 connected to the corresponding end electric contact 202 through a pressure spring 210.

[0034] In a further embodiment, as Figure 12As shown, the contact-breaking structure 212 includes a V-shaped swing rod 208 and a push rod 205. One end of the swing rod 208 is fixedly connected to the electric contact block 209, and the other end of the swing rod 208 is hinged to the inner cylindrical surface of the cylindrical shell 201. The push rod 205 is disposed in the gap between the capacitor block 203 and the cylindrical shell 201. One end of the push rod 205 is hinged to the inner end of the cylindrical shell 201, and the other end of the push rod 205 abuts against the concave surface of the swing rod 208. A top block 206 that is in cylindrical contact with the capacitor block 203 is provided on the push rod 205.

[0035] In a further embodiment, as Figure 12 shown, a roller 207 that cooperates with the concave surface of the swing rod 208 is provided at the swinging end of the push rod 205.

[0036] In a further embodiment, as Figure 5 、 8 shown, a screw sleeve 103 is provided on the first clamping plate 101, and the screw sleeve 103 is threadedly connected to the positive electrode 112 or the negative electrode 113.

[0037] In a further embodiment, as Figure 7 、 Figure 8 、 Figure 9 shown, a material-passing hole 105 that is opposite to the corresponding electric contact piece 106 is provided on the ear plate 104.

[0038] In a further embodiment, as Figure 3 、 Figure 4 、 Figure 7 、 Figure 10 shown, a first stopper 114 that forms a 180-degree semicircle around the corresponding cylindrical shell 201 is provided between the cylindrical shell 201 and the corresponding resistance sheet 108. Two hanging ears 115 that are hooked and connected to the pull rod 109 are symmetrically provided on the first stopper 114. A plurality of pressure relief grooves 117 that are opposite to the first stopper 114 one by one and make the wall thickness of the small-sized cladding 116 corresponding to the other side of the cylindrical shell 201 are provided on the outer wall of the cladding 116. A second stopper 119 is inserted into the pressure relief groove 117.

[0039] In the present invention, elastic electric contacts 106 with equal elastic coefficients on the first clamping plate 101 and the second clamping plate 107 on both sides of the capacitor plate assembly 200 or elastic electric contacts 106 with equal elastic coefficients on two second clamping plates 107 make the capacitor blocks 203 in the capacitor plate assembly 200 and the corresponding resistor plates 108 in an equipotential state, so as to achieve the purpose of effectively and evenly dividing the voltage surge by the resistor plates 108 connected in series by using the parallel capacitor plate assemblies 200. When the capacitor block 203 in the capacitor plate assembly 200 of the present invention is damaged due to being struck by lightning, its volume increases, and the push rod 205 drives the electric contact block 209 at the end of the swing rod 208 to disconnect the electrical connection with the capacitor block 203, thus forming an open circuit, ensuring that all the resistor plates 108 still maintain effective and uniform voltage division when a certain capacitor plate assembly 200 fails or is damaged, and preventing the situation that the corresponding resistor plates 108 lose the voltage division function due to the failure of a certain capacitor plate assembly 200, effectively protecting all the resistor plates 108 from an increased voltage division burden due to the damage of a certain resistor plate 108, prolonging the service life of the resistor plates 108, and reducing the maintenance cost of the lightning arrester. The first stop block 114 provided between the capacitor plate assembly 200 and the resistor plate 108 and surrounding and shielding the corresponding capacitor plate assembly 200 by 180 degrees can effectively prevent the explosion of the capacitor plate assembly 200 from damaging the resistor plate 108 when the capacitor plate explodes. At the same time, the pressure relief groove 117 opened on one side of the capacitor plate assembly 200 and opposite to the first stop block 114 on the cladding 116 made of silicone rubber material of the present invention makes the thickness of the shielding wall surface in the other 180-degree range of the capacitor plate assembly 200 thinner, so as to relieve the destructive force generated by the explosion of the capacitor plate assembly 200 outward, ensuring that the whole lightning arrester will not be disassembled due to the explosion of the capacitor plate assembly 200, and effectively reducing the damage degree of the lightning arrester due to the explosion of the capacitor plate assembly 200.

[0040] The operation process of the present invention is as follows: In the initial state, the push rod 205 in the capacitor plate assembly 200 is in a vertical state, the roller 207 abuts against the concave part of the V-shaped swing rod 208, the top block 206 on the push rod 205 contacts the conical surface of the capacitor block 203, and the electric contact block 209 is in good contact with one electrode of the capacitor block 203 under the action of the pressure spring 210.

[0041] The assembly and production process of the present invention is as follows: Stack a number of resistor chips 108 such that a second clamping plate 107 is provided between any adjacent resistor chips 108, and first clamping plates 101 are provided at both ends, such that the ear plates 104 of the first clamping plates 101 and the second clamping plates 107 are exactly opposite. A capacitor chip assembly 200 is provided between any adjacent two ear plates 104, such that the electrical contact pieces 106 on the ear plates 104 are inserted into the positioning grooves 211 on the corresponding electrical contact heads 202 at the corresponding ends of the cylindrical shell 201 of the capacitor chip assembly 200. Since the elastic coefficients and arc curvatures of the electrical contact pieces 106 on two adjacent ear plates 104 are the same, after the capacitor chip assembly 200 is installed between the two ear plates 104, the center height of the capacitor chip assembly 200 is equal to the center height of the corresponding resistor chip 108 that is in a parallel connection relationship with it, thereby ensuring that the resistor chip 108 and the corresponding capacitor chip assembly 200 have equal electric potentials. The cooperation between the electrical contact piece 106 and the positioning groove 211 on the corresponding electrical contact head 202 can achieve the equipotential positioning of the capacitor chip assembly 200 and the corresponding resistor chip 108.

[0042] The equipotential installation of the capacitor chip assembly 200 and the resistor chip 108 can ensure that all the resistor chips 108 effectively and evenly divide the voltage surge caused by lightning strikes on the lightning arrester by utilizing the characteristic that the impedance is inversely proportional to the frequency.

[0043] After all the capacitor chip assemblies 200 are installed, a first stopper 114 is installed between each resistor chip 108 and the corresponding capacitor chip assembly 200, such that the first stopper 114 contacts and abuts against the resistor chip 108 and the cylindrical shell 201 of the capacitor chip assembly 200. At the same time, when observed from a top view, the two hanging ears 115 on each first stopper 114 respectively form a semi-surrounding state for the round holes on two adjacent pulling ears 102 on the first clamping plate 101 or the second clamping plate 107, ensuring that the first stopper 114 is effectively positioned by the corresponding two pull rods 109 after the pull rods 109 are installed.

[0044] Then, pull rods 109 are inserted into the round holes of the four pairs of pulling ears 102 between the two first clamping plates 101 at both ends, and nuts 111 are installed at both ends of the pull rods 109 to complete the clamping and fixing of all the second clamping plates 107 and resistor chips 108 by the pull rods 109 through the two first clamping plates 101. Then, pull rods 109 are inserted into the round holes of the two pairs of pulling ears 102 between the two ear plates 104 on the two first clamping plates 101 at both ends, and nuts 111 are installed at both ends of the pull rods 109 to complete the positioning of the ear plates 104 on all the second clamping plates 107 and the cylindrical shell 201 of the capacitor chip assembly 200 by the ear plates 104 on the two first clamping plates 101 through the pull rods 109.

[0045] After the first stopper 114 is installed between the resistor chip 108 and the corresponding capacitor chip assembly 200, the first stopper 114 forms a 180-degree semicircular radial blockage for the corresponding capacitor chip assembly 200, effectively protecting the resistor chip 108 from being damaged by the exploding capacitor chip assembly 200.

[0046] After the pull rod 109 is installed, the positive electrode 112 and the negative electrode 113 are respectively threadedly installed in the screw sleeves 103 on the two first clamping plates 101.

[0047] After all the resistor chips 108, capacitor chip assemblies 200, first stoppers 114, first clamping plates 101, second clamping plates 107, pull rods 109, positive electrodes 112 and negative electrodes 113 are installed and combined, the resistor chips 108 and capacitor chip assemblies 200 that have completed the combined assembly are subjected to molding processing of the silica rubber cladding 116, and the high-temperature curing process is used for the molding processing of the cladding 116.

[0048] During the molding processing of the cladding 116, the fluid silica rubber fills the gaps between the assembled resistor chips 108 and capacitor chip assemblies 200 under the action of pressure and finally completes the processing and manufacturing of the cladding 116 on the outer sides of the resistor chips 108, capacitor chip assemblies 200, first stoppers 114, first clamping plates 101, second clamping plates 107, pull rods 109, positive electrodes 112 and negative electrodes 113, and only the positive electrode 112 and the negative electrode 113 are exposed by a certain length.

[0049] During the molding processing of the cladding 116, the material-passing holes 105 on the ear plates 104 of the first clamping plate 101 or the second clamping plate 107 will allow the fluid silica rubber to fully fill into the arc-bent electric contact piece 106 through the material-passing holes 105, thereby completing the fixing and positioning of the electric contact piece 106, and further fixing the equipotential parallel state of the capacitor chip assembly 200 and the resistor chip 108.

[0050] After the outer sides of the resistor 108, the capacitor assembly 200, the first stopper 114, the first clamping plate 101, the second clamping plate 107, the pull rod 109, the positive electrode 112 and the negative electrode 113 are molded by the cladding 116, the outer sides of the cladding 116 will form pressure relief grooves 117 corresponding to the capacitor assembly 200 one by one, and each pressure relief groove 117 is radially opposite to the corresponding first stopper 114 along the cylindrical shell 201 of the capacitor assembly 200. When the first stopper 114 forms a semi-enclosed 180-degree shielding for the corresponding capacitor assembly 200, the pressure relief groove 117 is formed. The groove 117 is opposite to the first stopper 114 so that the wall surface of the sheath 116 where the capacitor chip assembly 200 is located is very thin, ensuring that when the capacitor chip assembly 200 explodes due to lightning breakdown, the thin wall surface where the pressure relief groove 117 is located is radially destroyed under the blocking of the first stopper 114 to effectively relieve pressure, thereby avoiding the damage of the capacitor chip assembly 200 to the first stopper 114 when it explodes, thereby protecting the resistor 108 from damage, and at the same time, ensuring that the arrester as a whole will not explode due to the explosion of the capacitor chip assembly 200, thereby reducing the maintenance cost of the arrester.

[0051] After the molding process of the cladding 116 is completed, a second stopper 119 is inserted into each pressure relief groove 117 for filling. The second stopper 119 effectively protects the thin wall surface in the pressure relief groove 117 opposite to the capacitor chip assembly 200. The second stopper 119 will automatically pop out under the impact of the explosion when the capacitor chip assembly 200 explodes and the corresponding thin wall surface of the corresponding pressure relief groove 117 is destroyed to relieve pressure. Because it is made of silicone rubber, it will not cause serious harm to pedestrians after it flies out and falls.

[0052] The working principle of the present invention is as follows: When the capacitor sheet assembly 200 is struck by lightning, the volume of the capacitor sheet assembly 200 expands and deforms, triggering the top rod 205 to swing. The top rod 205 drives the roller 207 at its end to roll on the corresponding swing rod 208 and causes the swing rod 208 to swing down. The swing rod 208 drives the electric contact block 209 to further compress the pressure spring 210 and separate from the capacitor block 203, thereby forming an open circuit inside the capacitor sheet assembly 200 without short-circuiting the corresponding resistor 108, so that the resistor 108 can still play the voltage dividing function together with other resistors 108.

[0053] If the capacitor chip assembly 200 explodes, the explosion-proof first stopper 114 can effectively block the impact caused by the explosion of the capacitor chip assembly 200 and protect the corresponding resistor 108. At the same time, the impact force generated by the exploded capacitor chip assembly 200 will destroy the thin wall surface of the corresponding pressure relief groove 117 and discharge the corresponding second stopper 119, thereby achieving the purpose of directional pressure relief, and will not damage the arrester as a whole, ensuring that the arrester will not explode as a whole, and reducing the repair cost of the arrester.

[0054] In the present invention, the first stoppers 114 are all made of explosion-proof insulating materials.

[0055] Multiple resistor chips 108 connected in series can share high-voltage surges (such as lightning overvoltage) together. However, under high voltage, the resistor chips 108 may have uneven voltage division due to manufacturing tolerances. Some resistors may be damaged due to excessive voltage. The capacitor chip assembly 200 connected in parallel with the resistor chips 108 has a voltage equalizing function. The capacitor chip assembly 200 connected in parallel has extremely low capacitive impedance to high-frequency surges by virtue of its characteristic that "the impedance is inversely proportional to the frequency", forcing the high-frequency current to pass evenly through each capacitor chip assembly 200 connected in parallel. This is equivalent to providing a high-frequency bypass for each resistor chip 108 to ensure uniform voltage distribution in the series resistor chain.

[0056] The discharge of high-frequency surges can accelerate energy absorption. The capacitor chip assembly 200 has a low impedance to a large number of high-frequency components generated by lightning waves, providing a low-resistance path for high-frequency surge current to directly enter the ground, avoiding the damage to the resistor caused by high-frequency energy flowing through the resistor chips 108. At the same time, the response speed of the capacitor chip assembly 200 reaches the nanosecond level, which is much faster than the thermal response of the resistor, and can instantaneously discharge the lightning current with a steep front edge, reducing the impact of the lightning current on the backend equipment. If the capacitor chip assembly 200 is damaged, an open circuit will be formed, enabling the corresponding resistor chips 108 to retain the voltage division function. The failure of the capacitor chip assembly 200 does not affect the overall surge absorption. The capacitor chip assembly 200 connected in parallel with the resistor chips 108 can significantly reduce the equivalent series resistance and improve the current-carrying capacity of high-frequency current. The resistor chips 108 and the capacitor chip assembly 200 connected in parallel with them can distribute and optimize heat dissipation and energy. The resistor chips 108 bear the energy of low-frequency or DC components and convert the low-frequency or DC component energy into heat, while the capacitor chip assembly 200 connected in parallel with the resistor chips 108 bears high-frequency energy such as high-voltage surges. The series-connected resistor chips 108 combined with the capacitor chip assembly 200 can avoid overheating and damage of a single resistor chip 108 and improve the overall heat dissipation efficiency.

Claims

1. A lightning arrester with a self-aligning capacitor plate for protecting substation equipment from lightning strikes, characterized in that, Including: A number of resistor plates stacked in series and with their positive and negative electrodes electrically connected, which are used to share the voltage surge generated by lightning strikes; A number of capacitor plate assemblies connected in parallel with the resistor plates one by one, which are used to ensure that all the resistor plates effectively and evenly divide the voltage surge generated by lightning strikes. The capacitor plate assembly has the structural feature that when it is broken down by lightning, it generates an open circuit by itself, so that all the resistor plates continuously divide the voltage surge generated by lightning strikes; A silica rubber material cladding molded on the outside of the resistor plates and capacitor plate assemblies by a high-temperature curing process, which is used to form a sealed protection for the resistor plates and capacitor plate assemblies. A number of umbrella skirts are formed on the outside of the cladding.

2. The lightning arrester with a self-aligning capacitor sheet according to claim 1, wherein Two first clamping plates are arranged at both ends of all the resistor plates, and a second clamping plate is arranged between adjacent resistor plates. Ear plates for clamping the corresponding capacitor plate assemblies and making the capacitor plate assemblies form a parallel connection with the corresponding resistor plates are arranged on both the first clamping plates and the second clamping plates. The two first clamping plates clamp and fix all the second clamping plates and resistor plates through four insulating material tie rods circumferentially spaced 90 degrees apart. The ear plates of the two first clamping plates are tightened and fixed by two tie rods.

3. The lightning arrester with a self-aligning capacitor sheet according to claim 2, characterized in that Both ends of the tie rod respectively pass through the perforated pull ears on the first clamping plate or the ear plate and are fixed by nuts.

4. A lightning arrester with a self-aligning capacitor plate according to claim 1, characterized in that, The capacitor plate assembly includes a cylindrical shell. Two electric contacts that cooperate with the electric contact heads or the electric contact pieces on the ear plates of the two second clamping plates are arranged at both ends of the cylindrical shell. Positioning grooves that cooperate with the corresponding electric contact pieces are opened on the electric contacts. A cylindrical capacitor block eccentric to the inner wall of the cylindrical shell is adhesively fixed on the inner wall of the cylindrical shell. Both ends of the capacitor block are electrically connected to the two electric contacts respectively. A contact-breaking structure is arranged in the cylindrical shell to disconnect one end of the capacitor block from the corresponding electric contact when the capacitor block is damaged due to being broken down by lightning and its volume increases.

5. The lightning arrester with a self-aligning capacitor sheet according to claim 4, characterized in that One end of the capacitor block is electrically connected to the corresponding end electric contact through a wire, and the other end of the capacitor block is in electrical contact and cooperation with an electric contact block connected to the corresponding end electric contact through a pressure spring.

6. The lightning arrester with a self-aligning capacitor sheet according to claim 5, characterized in that, The contact-breaking structure includes a V-shaped swing rod and a push rod. One end of the swing rod is fixedly connected to the electric contact block, and the other end of the swing rod is hinged on the inner cylindrical surface of the cylindrical shell. The push rod is arranged in the gap between the capacitor block and the cylindrical shell. One end of the push rod is hinged to the inner end of the cylindrical shell, and the other end of the push rod abuts against the concave surface of the swing rod. A push block that contacts the cylindrical surface of the capacitor block is arranged on the push rod.

7. The lightning arrester with a self-aligning capacitor sheet according to claim 6, characterized in that, A roller that cooperates with the concave surface of the swing rod is arranged at the swinging end of the push rod.

8. The lightning arrester with a self-aligning capacitor plate according to claim 1, characterized in that, A screw sleeve is arranged on the first clamping plate, and the screw sleeve is threadedly connected to the positive electrode or the negative electrode.

9. The lightning arrester with a self-aligning capacitor sheet according to claim 1, characterized in that, A material-passing hole opposite to the corresponding electric contact piece is opened on the ear plate.

10. The lightning arrester with a self-aligning capacitor sheet according to claim 4, characterized in that, A first stop block that forms a 180-degree semi-circular enclosure for the corresponding cylindrical shell is arranged between the cylindrical shell and the corresponding resistor plate. Two hanging ears for hook connection with the tie rod are symmetrically arranged on the first stop block. A number of pressure relief grooves that are opposite to the first stop blocks one by one and make the wall thickness of the small-size cladding on the other side of the cylindrical shell are opened on the outer wall of the cladding. A second stop block is inserted into the pressure relief groove.

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