Movable field nut harvesting, peeling and cleaning station

Abstract

The invention discloses a movable field nut harvesting, peeling and cleaning station, and relates to the technical field of nut processing, the movable field nut harvesting, peeling and cleaning station comprises a tractor, a shelling mechanism arranged on the tractor, and a cleaning mechanism communicated with the shelling mechanism; the peeling mechanism comprises a hollow machine shell, a feeding hopper arranged above the machine shell, two peeling rollers horizontally arranged in the machine shell in parallel, a driving mechanism arranged outside the machine shell and used for driving the peeling rollers to rotate relatively, and a discharging mechanism arranged at the lower end of the machine shell and connected with the cleaning mechanism. The peeling roller of the peeling mechanism extrudes green fruits to separate fruit grains from green peels, and the peeling roller is provided with peeling teeth capable of stretching out and drawing back under stress; when large fruits pass through the peeling teeth, the peeling teeth retract, green peels can be removed, the situation that the fruits are crushed due to the fact that the fruits are too large is avoided, and when the fruits are small, the peeling teeth exert enough pressure on the green fruits under the action of the elastic component so that the fruits can be separated from the green peels.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of nut processing, and particularly relates to a movable wild nut harvesting, peeling and cleaning station. Background Art

[0002] Macadamia nuts, also known as Hawaiian nuts or Australian walnuts, are evergreen tall trees native to Australia. Its fruits are rich in oil, have a sweet taste, a unique buttery smell, and high nutritional value, and are known as the "king of nuts". This kind of nut can not only be eaten directly, but also be used to make industrial products such as soap and shampoo. Planting macadamia nuts requires fertile and well-drained soil and suitable climate conditions. Due to its unique taste and nutritional value, macadamia nuts are very popular in the food market.

[0003] After being picked from the plantation and transported back to the processing factory, macadamia nuts are graded after being peeled of the green skin. After grading, they are dried to form primary products. The ratio of the green skin to the fruit grains of macadamia nuts is approximately 1:1. The green skin removed in the factory still needs to be transported back to the plantation for field return, which thus increases a lot of transportation costs. Therefore, the existing peeling machines are driven by diesel engines or powered by generators, and the peeling machines are set in the plantation to peel the picked green fruits.

[0004] The macadamia nuts picked on site are not screened. When the existing peeling machines process green fruits of different sizes, there will be a situation where some green skins cannot be peeled off, and the green skin juice turns black after drying on the fruit grains, affecting the appearance of the nuts and making subsequent cleaning difficult. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to overcome the problems existing in the background art, the present invention provides a movable wild nut harvesting, peeling and cleaning station.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention is implemented by the following technical solutions: A movable wild nut harvesting, shelling and cleaning station, comprising: a tractor, a shelling mechanism provided on the tractor, and a cleaning mechanism communicated with the shelling mechanism; the shelling mechanism includes: a hollow housing, a feed hopper provided above the housing, two peeling rollers horizontally and parallelly provided in the housing, a driving mechanism provided outside the housing and driving the peeling rollers to rotate relatively, and a discharge mechanism provided at the lower end of the housing and connected to the cleaning mechanism; the peeling roller includes: a roller shaft rotatably connected to the housing, a roller body provided on the roller shaft, a plurality of radial slots arranged in a circumferential array and an axial linear manner, peeling teeth slidably provided in the slots, and elastic members provided between the bottoms of the peeling teeth and the inner bottoms of the slots; a radial through groove is provided on the side surface of the peeling teeth, an axial through hole passing through all the slots in the same axial row is provided on the roller body, the through hole corresponds to the circumferentially arranged slots one by one, and a limiting rod passing through all the through grooves and all the slots in the same axial row is provided in the through hole.

[0007] Preferably, the discharge mechanism includes: a square box with an open upper end and communicated with the housing, a fruit grain outlet provided on the side surface of the square box and communicated with the cleaning mechanism, a green peel outlet provided on the side wall opposite to the fruit grain outlet, a grid plate obliquely provided in the square box, and a smooth plate obliquely provided in the square box; the fruit grain outlet is located above the green peel outlet, the grid plate is inclined towards the fruit grain outlet, and the smooth plate is located below the grid plate and inclined towards the green peel outlet.

[0008] Preferably, the cleaning mechanism includes: a cleaning box communicated with the fruit grain outlet, a stirring mechanism provided on the cleaning box, and a fruit grain separation mechanism provided on the side wall of the cleaning box.

[0009] Preferably, the stirring mechanism includes: a support plate provided on the cleaning box, four transmission shafts provided on the support plate, stirring paddles provided on the transmission shafts, first sprockets provided on the transmission shafts, a first motor provided on the support plate, a first speed reducer provided on the first motor, a second sprocket provided on the output shaft of the first speed reducer, and a chain connecting all the first sprockets and the second sprocket.

[0010] Preferably, the fruit grain separation mechanism includes: a spiral elevator obliquely arranged and having an inlet communicated with the cleaning box, and a circulating water pump with its water inlet end communicated with the spiral elevator; the water outlet end of the circulating water pump is communicated with the cleaning box; a filter grid through which fruit grains cannot pass is provided on the other side of the inlet of the housing of the spiral elevator, and a housing communicated with the water inlet end is covered on the filter grid.

[0011] Preferably, a drain valve is provided on the side wall of the cleaning tank.

[0012] Preferably, the tractor is provided with a stabilizing bracket, and the stabilizing bracket includes: two support rods connected to the frame of the tractor, rings provided at both ends of the support rods, and anchor rods slidably provided within the rings.

[0013] Advantages of the present invention compared with the prior art: In the present invention, the dehulling roller of the dehulling mechanism squeezes the green fruits to separate the fruit grains from the green peels. The dehulling roller is provided with dehulling teeth that can be stressed and telescoped; when the fruit grains are relatively large, the dehulling teeth retract when passing through the dehulling teeth, so that not only the green peels can be removed, but also the fruit grains will not be damaged due to the excessive size of the fruit grains. When the fruit grains are relatively small, the dehulling teeth will also apply sufficient pressure to the green fruits under the action of the elastic components to separate the fruit grains from the green peels. After the green fruits are dehulled, they immediately enter the cleaning mechanism to wash away the juice left after removing the green peels. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a movable wild nut harvesting, dehulling and cleaning station; Figure 2 is a top view structural diagram of the shelling mechanism; Figure 3 is a structural diagram of the dehulling roller; Figure 4 is an axial sectional structural diagram of the dehulling roller; Figure 5 is a radial sectional structural diagram of the dehulling roller; Figure 6 is a structural diagram of the roller body; Figure 7 is a structural diagram of the cleaning mechanism; Figure 8 is a sectional structural diagram of the cleaning mechanism; Figure 9 is a structural diagram of the stirring mechanism.

[0015] In the figure: tractor 1, support rod 1-1, ring 1-2, anchor rod 1-3; Shelling mechanism 2, housing 2-1, dehulling roller 2-2, feed hopper 2-3, roller shaft 2-4, roller body 2-5, slot 2-6, elastic component 2-7, dehulling teeth 2-8, first gear 2-9, second motor 2-10, second reducer 2-11, second gear 2-12, through hole 2-13, through slot 2-14, limiting rod 2-15; Cleaning mechanism 3, cleaning tank 3-1, drain valve 3-2; Discharging mechanism 4, square box 4-1, fruit grain outlet 4-2, green peel outlet 4-3, grid plate 4-4, smooth plate 4-5; Stirring mechanism 5, support plate 5-1, transmission shaft 5-2, stirring paddle 5-3, first sprocket 5-4, first motor 5-5, first speed reducer 5-6, second sprocket 5-7, chain 5-8; Fruit granule separation mechanism 6, screw elevator 6-1, circulating water pump 6-2, filter grid 6-3, housing 6-4. Specific implementation mode

[0016] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and beneficial effects of the present invention clearer, the preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below to facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art.

[0017] Please refer to Figures 1 to 9 , the present invention provides a movable wild nut harvesting, peeling and cleaning station, including: a tractor 1, a shelling mechanism 2 provided on the tractor 1, and a cleaning mechanism 3 communicated with the shelling mechanism 2. The peeling mechanism includes: a hollow housing 2-1, the two sides of the housing 2-1 are semi-circular, and the gap between the inner wall of the semi-circle and the peeling roller 2-2 cannot accommodate nuts to pass through, and the upper and lower ends of the housing 2-1 are through. A feeding hopper 2-3 provided above the housing 2-1, two peeling rollers 2-2 horizontally and parallelly provided in the housing 2-1, a driving mechanism provided outside the housing 2-1 and driving the peeling rollers 2-2 to rotate relatively, and a discharging mechanism 4 provided at the lower end of the housing 2-1 and connected to the cleaning mechanism 3; the peeling roller 2-2 includes: a roller shaft 2-4 rotatably connected to the housing 2-1, and a bearing is provided on the housing 2-1 to install the roller shaft 2-4. A roller body 2-5 provided on the roller shaft 2-4, a number of radial slots 2-6 arranged in a circumferential array and an axial linear manner, and the cross-section of the slot 2-6 is square. A peeling tooth 2-8 slidably provided in the slot 2-6, and the shape of the peeling tooth 2-8 is a square column. An elastic member 2-7 provided between the bottom of the peeling tooth 2-8 and the inner bottom of the slot 2-6, and in this embodiment, the elastic member 2-7 is an arched spring stacked together; a radial through groove 2-14 is provided on the side of the peeling tooth 2-8, and an axial through hole 2-13 passing through all the slots 2-6 in the same axial row is provided on the roller body 2-5, and the through hole 2-13 corresponds to the circumferentially arrayed slots 2-6 one by one, and a limiting rod 2-15 passing through all the through grooves 2-14 and all the slots 2-6 in the same axial row is provided in the through hole 2-13; the limiting rod 2-15 passes through the through groove 2-14, and the elastic force of the elastic member 2-7 makes the peeling tooth 2-8 extend outwards, and the limiting rod 2-15 limits the maximum distance of the outward extension, and when the nut passes through, the elastic member 2-7 is compressed. The elastic member 2-7 provides pressure for peeling. The contact end of the peeling tooth 2-8 with the nut is made of rubber, and the outermost layer of the roller body 2-5 is rubber with a thickness of 5 mm.

[0018] The driving mechanism of this embodiment includes: a first gear 2-9 arranged on the roller shaft 2-4, a second motor 2-10 arranged on the machine housing 2-1, a second speed reducer 2-11 connected to the second motor 2-10, a second gear 2-12 arranged on the output shaft of the second speed reducer 2-11, and the second gear 2-12 meshes with the two first gears 2-9 simultaneously.

[0019] The discharging mechanism 4 includes: a square box 4-1 with an open upper end and communicating with the machine housing 2-1, a fruit grain outlet 4-2 arranged on the side surface of the square box 4-1 and communicating with the cleaning mechanism 3, a green peel outlet 4-3 arranged on the side wall opposite to the fruit grain outlet 4-2, a grid plate 4-4 inclinedly arranged in the square box 4-1, and a smooth plate 4-5 inclinedly arranged in the square box 4-1; the fruit grain outlet 4-2 is located above the green peel outlet 4-3, the grid plate 4-4 inclines towards the fruit grain outlet 4-2, and the smooth plate 4-5 is located below the grid plate 4-4 and inclines towards the green peel outlet 4-3. The gaps of the grid plate 4-4 cannot pass through, and the crushed and separated green peels can pass through. When the green peels and fruit grains fall from the machine housing 2-1 together, the fruit grains roll onto the cleaning mechanism 3 from the grid plate 4-4, the green peels fall through the gaps of the grid plate 4-4, and slide outside the square box 4-1 through the smooth plate 4-5.

[0020] The cleaning mechanism 3 includes: a cleaning box 3-1 communicating with the fruit grain outlet 4-2, a stirring mechanism 5 arranged on the cleaning box 3-1, and a fruit grain separation mechanism 6 arranged on the side wall of the cleaning box 3-1.

[0021] The stirring mechanism 5 includes: a support plate 5-1 arranged on the cleaning box 3-1, the cleaning box 3-1 is filled with water, four transmission shafts 5-2 arranged on the support plate 5-1, stirring paddles 5-3 arranged on the transmission shafts 5-2, first sprockets 5-4 arranged on the transmission shafts 5-2, a first motor 5-5 arranged on the support plate 5-1, a first speed reducer 5-6 arranged on the first motor 5-5, a second sprocket 5-7 arranged on the output shaft of the first speed reducer 5-6, and a chain 5-8 connecting all the first sprockets 5-4 and the second sprocket 5-7. In this embodiment, there are two support plates 5-1, the two support plates 5-1 are arranged in parallel and are provided with connectors to have a certain gap between the support plates 5-1. The first sprockets 5-4, the second sprocket 5-7 and the chain 5-8 are all arranged in the gap, the first motor 5-5 and the first speed reducer 5-6 are arranged above the support plate 5-1, and the output shaft passes through the support plate 5-1 to install the second sprocket 5-7. The four transmission shafts 5-2 drive the stirring paddles 5-3 to rotate, and the fruit grains are cleaned during the stirring process. If there is residual green peel, they will impact each other during the stirring process to further separate the green peels from the fruit grains.

[0022] The fruit separation mechanism 6 includes: a spiral elevator 6-1 which is inclined and has an inlet communicating with the cleaning tank 3-1, and a circulating water pump 6-2 whose water inlet end communicates with the spiral elevator 6-1; the water outlet end of the circulating water pump 6-2 communicates with the cleaning tank 3-1; on the other side of the inlet of the outer shell of the spiral elevator 6-1, there is a filter grid 6-3 through which the fruit grains cannot pass, and a housing 6-4 communicating with the water inlet end is covered on the filter grid 6-3. When the circulating water pump 6-2 is started, the water flow carries the fruit grains and the remaining green peels into the inlet of the spiral elevator 6-1. The filter grid 6-3 intercepts the fruit grains, and the remaining green peels pass through the filter grid 6-3 and enter the housing 6-4 to be sucked away, and enter the cleaning tank 3-1 along with the water circulation. The fruit grains are transported by the spiral transport shaft of the spiral elevator 6-1 to the outlet of the spiral elevator 6-1 to be collected.

[0023] A drain valve 3-2 is provided on the side wall of the cleaning tank 3-1. The water in the cleaning tank 3-1 needs to be replaced according to the situation to maintain the cleaning effect.

[0024] The tractor 1 is provided with a stabilizing support, and the stabilizing support includes: two support rods 1-1 connected to the frame of the tractor 1, circular rings 1-2 provided at both ends of the support rods 1-1, and anchor rods 1-3 slidably arranged in the circular rings 1-2. The tractor 1 is an existing device. The tractor 1 in this embodiment is a non-powered tractor 1, which includes: a frame, a loading platform arranged on the frame, a connecting device connected to a powered vehicle, a wheel axle and tires, a steering mechanism and a braking device.

[0025] In this embodiment, a diesel generator is used to provide electric energy, and a distribution box is used to distribute electric energy to the first motor 5-5, the second motor 2-10, the spiral elevator 6-1 and the circulating water pump 6-2, and at the same time, switch control is carried out.

[0026] When the movable field nut harvesting, peeling and cleaning station of the present invention is in use: The picked macadamia nuts are poured into the peeling mechanism from the feed hopper 2-3 in batches. After the green fruits are squeezed by the peeling rollers 2-2, the green peels are separated from the fruit grains and fall into the discharging mechanism 4. The fruit grains roll from the grid plate 4-4 into the cleaning mechanism 3, and the green peels fall from the gaps of the grid plate 4-4 and slide to the outside of the square box 4-1 through the smooth plate 4-5 for field return treatment. The fruit grains entering the cleaning mechanism 3 are cleaned during the stirring process. If there are remaining green peels, they impact each other during the stirring process to further separate the green peels from the fruit grains; the circulating water pump 6-2 makes the water flow carry the fruit grains and the remaining green peels into the inlet of the spiral elevator 6-1. The filter grid 6-3 intercepts the fruit grains, and the remaining green peels pass through the filter grid 6-3 and enter the housing 6-4 to be sucked away, and enter the cleaning tank 3-1 along with the water circulation. The fruit grains are transported by the spiral transport shaft of the spiral elevator 6-1 to the outlet of the spiral elevator 6-1 to be collected.

[0027] Finally, it should be noted that the above preferred embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail through the above preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that various changes can be made to it in terms of form and details without departing from the scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A movable wild nut harvesting, peeling and cleaning station, characterized in that Including: A tractor (1), a hulling mechanism (2) provided on the tractor (1), and a cleaning mechanism (3) communicated with the hulling mechanism (2); the hulling mechanism includes: a hollow casing (2-1), a feed hopper (2-3) provided above the casing (2-1), two hulling rollers (2-2) horizontally and parallelly provided in the casing (2-1), a driving mechanism provided outside the casing (2-1) and driving the hulling rollers (2-2) to rotate relatively, and a discharging mechanism (4) provided at the lower end of the casing (2-1) and connected with the cleaning mechanism (3); the hulling roller (2-2) includes: a roller shaft (2-4) rotatably connected with the casing (2-1), a roller body (2-5) provided on the roller shaft (2-4), a plurality of radial slots (2-6) arranged in a circumferential array and an axial linear manner, hulling teeth (2-8) slidably provided in the slots (2-6), and elastic members (2-7) provided between the bottoms of the hulling teeth (2-8) and the inner bottoms of the slots (2-6); radial through slots (2-14) are provided on the sides of the hulling teeth (2-8), through holes (2-13) axially provided on the roller body (2-5) and penetrating through all the slots (2-6) in the same axial row are provided, the through holes (2-13) correspond to the circumferentially arrayed slots (2-6) one by one, and limiting rods (2-15) passing through all the through slots (2-14) and all the slots (2-6) in the same axial row are provided in the through holes (2-13).

2. The mobile field nut harvesting, peeling and cleaning station according to claim 1, characterized in that, The discharging mechanism (4) includes: a square box (4-1) with an open upper end and communicated with the casing (2-1), a fruit grain outlet (4-2) provided on the side wall of the square box (4-1) and communicated with the cleaning mechanism (3), a green peel outlet (4-3) provided on the side wall opposite to the fruit grain outlet (4-2), a grid plate (4-4) inclinedly provided in the square box (4-1), and a smooth plate (4-5) inclinedly provided in the square box (4-1); the fruit grain outlet (4-2) is located above the green peel outlet (4-3), the grid plate (4-4) is inclined towards the fruit grain outlet (4-2), and the smooth plate (4-5) is located below the grid plate (4-4) and inclined towards the green peel outlet (4-3).

3. The mobile field nut harvesting, peeling and cleaning station according to claim 2, wherein, The cleaning mechanism (3) includes: a cleaning box (3-1) communicated with the fruit grain outlet (4-2), a stirring mechanism (5) provided on the cleaning box (3-1), and a fruit grain separating mechanism (6) provided on the side wall of the cleaning box (3-1).

4. The mobile field nut harvesting, peeling and cleaning station according to claim 3, characterized in that, The stirring mechanism (5) includes: a support plate (5-1) provided on the cleaning tank (3-1), four transmission shafts (5-2) provided on the support plate (5-1), stirring paddles (5-3) provided on the transmission shafts (5-2), first sprockets (5-4) provided on the transmission shafts (5-2), a first motor (5-5) provided on the support plate (5-1), a first speed reducer (5-6) provided on the first motor (5-5), a second sprocket (5-7) provided on the output shaft of the first speed reducer (5-6), and a chain (5-8) connecting all the first sprockets (5-4) and the second sprocket (5-7).

5. The mobile field nut harvesting, peeling and cleaning station according to claim 4, characterized in that, The fruit particle separation mechanism (6) includes: a screw elevator (6-1) which is inclined and has an inlet communicating with the cleaning tank (3-1), and a circulating water pump (6-2) whose water inlet end communicates with the screw elevator (6-1); the water outlet end of the circulating water pump (6-2) communicates with the cleaning tank (3-1); on the other side of the inlet of the outer shell of the screw elevator (6-1), there is a filter grid (6-3) through which fruit particles cannot pass, and a housing (6-4) communicating with the water inlet end is covered on the filter (6-3).

6. The mobile field nut harvesting, peeling and cleaning station according to claim 5, wherein A drain valve (3-2) is provided on the side wall of the cleaning tank (3-1).

7. A movable wild nut harvesting, peeling and cleaning station according to claim 1, characterized in that, The tractor (1) is provided with a stabilizing support, and the stabilizing support includes: two support rods (1-1) connected to the frame of the tractor (1), rings (1-2) provided at both ends of the support rods (1-1), and anchor rods (1-3) slidably arranged in the rings (1-2).

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