Low-temperature separation and enrichment system and method for elements in multi-element complex metallurgical material

Abstract

According to the low-temperature separation and enrichment system and method for the elements in the multi-element complex metallurgical material, the multi-element complex metallurgical material is pretreated to form powder with a certain particle size, the powder is mixed with pulverized coal and subjected to a reduction reaction with hydrogen in a reaction chamber, meanwhile, different valuable metal elements are separated and enriched through the difference between melting points and boiling points, and the elements in the multi-element complex metallurgical material are separated and enriched. The method not only realizes efficient separation and recovery of elements such as iron, lead, zinc, potassium and sodium in the multi-element complex metallurgical material, but also solves the problems of high energy consumption, low reduction rate and the like in the reduction process of the multi-element complex metallurgical material, and has the advantages of short flow, less equipment, safety in operation, economy, high efficiency and easiness in industrial large-scale production.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of separation and recovery of valuable metals in metallurgical materials, and particularly to a system and method for low-temperature separation and enrichment of elements in multi-component complex metallurgical materials. Background Art

[0002] A large amount of solid waste is generated in each process of iron and steel production, including environmental dust removal ash, sintering dust sludge, blast furnace gas ash, blast furnace dust removal ash, converter dust, rolling mill dust, scale, zinc-containing iron ore, waste incineration fly ash, etc., which are characterized by low iron content and high contents of elements such as lead, zinc, potassium, and sodium. To realize the recycling of multi-component complex metallurgical materials and reduce the recovery cost at the same time, two types of metallurgical pyrometallurgical processes are usually used to jointly consume multi-component complex metallurgical solid waste raw materials. One is to use the hot briquetting process to make the multi-component complex metallurgical material powder into metallized briquettes, and the other is to roast the solid waste raw materials at high temperature to make oxidizing pellets. The problems of these two processes are low efficiency of mass exchange and energy exchange, high energy consumption, large carbon emissions, and it is difficult to effectively separate and enrich various valuable metal elements such as lead, zinc, potassium, and sodium during the treatment process, and it is also extremely easy to cause secondary environmental pollution.

[0003] With the continuous improvement of the demand for metallurgical low-carbonization and the development of hydrogen metallurgy technology, large-scale hydrogen-rich smelting will surely become an effective way to achieve low-carbon ironmaking and green sustainable development. Compared with the traditional carbothermal method for treating multi-component complex metallurgical materials, using hydrogen reduction has obvious advantages: 1) Hydrogen has a high calorific value and good thermal conductivity, which can accelerate the heat exchange between multi-component complex metallurgical materials and gas and improve the utilization of thermal energy; 2) Hydrogen has a small density and strong diffusion ability, which can improve the kinetic conditions of the reduction process of multi-component complex metallurgical materials; 3) The reduction product of hydrogen is water. Replacing coal with hydrogen can not only achieve energy conservation and consumption reduction, but also reduce pollution and carbon emissions during the production process, and truly realize the low-carbon route of sustainable development.

[0004] Combined with the relevant advantages of hydrogen metallurgy, aiming at the current situation of high energy consumption, large carbon emissions, and cumbersome equipment in the above process, and at the same time solving problems such as the effective separation and enrichment of elements such as lead, zinc, potassium, and sodium, how to develop a system and method based on carbon-hydrogen synergistic strengthening for treating multi-component complex metallurgical materials is a key technical problem that the current metallurgical industry urgently needs to solve. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention first provides a system for low-temperature separation and enrichment of elements in multi-component complex metallurgical materials, which is characterized by: a first ball mill for crushing multi-component complex metallurgical material dust; a second ball mill for grinding coal powder; a dryer for mixing and drying metallurgical materials and coal powder; a sieve for screening the mixture; a batching tank for storing the screened mixture; a reaction furnace for the reaction of the mixture and hydrogen, wherein a powder nozzle and a hydrogen nozzle are arranged in the reaction furnace, and a furnace wall heater is arranged on the furnace wall of the reaction furnace; a magnetic separation device and a flotation device are successively arranged at the furnace bottom of the reaction furnace; a flue leading to a first-stage recovery chamber, a second-stage recovery chamber and a third-stage recovery chamber which are successively connected is arranged on the furnace body; a plurality of first condensation pipes made of corundum with cooling water channels arranged therein are arranged in the first-stage recovery chamber; a plurality of second condensation pipes made of corundum with cooling water channels arranged therein are arranged in the second-stage recovery chamber; a plurality of third condensation pipes made of corundum with cooling water channels arranged therein are arranged in the third-stage recovery chamber.

[0006] Further, the multi-component complex metallurgical materials include environmental dust removal ash, sintering dust sludge, blast furnace gas ash, blast furnace dust removal ash, converter dust, rolling mill dust, scale, zinc-containing iron ore, and waste incineration fly ash.

[0007] Further, the condensation pipes in each stage recovery chamber are detachably inserted into each stage recovery chamber from the outside through a sliding seal device.

[0008] The present invention also provides a method for low-temperature separation and enrichment of elements in multi-component complex metallurgical materials, including the steps of:

[0009] Crushing, grinding, mixing and drying the multi-component complex metallurgical materials and coal powder through a crusher and a ball mill, and then performing screening treatment to screen out a particle size range of 0.1-0.3 mm;

[0010] Using hot air at 1250 °C as the carrier gas, blowing the screened mixture into the reaction furnace through a powder injection device, and at the same time blowing H2 into the furnace through a gas injection device; the heating temperature of the reaction furnace wall is 1250 °C, and a hydrocarbon reaction and a reduction reaction of metal oxides are carried out under high-temperature conditions; wherein iron oxides are reduced to metallic Fe, Zn and its oxides are reduced to Zn, and alkali metal oxides are reduced to K and Na.

[0011] Zn, K, and Na will generate metal vapor during the reduction process and enter the flue together with the flue gas; the metal elements with higher boiling points such as Fe and Pb exist in a solid state and fall to the bottom of the reaction furnace due to gravity.

[0012] The solid product falling to the bottom of the reaction furnace first passes through the magnetic separation device to separate and recover Fe therein, and the remaining substances are then screened and separated and recovered through the flotation device.

[0013] The metal vapor entering the flue together with the flue gas sequentially passes through the first-stage recovery chamber, the second-stage recovery chamber, and the third-stage recovery chamber; multiple first condensation pipes made of corundum with cooling water channels inside are arranged in the first-stage recovery chamber. By controlling the flow rate of the cooling water, the surface temperature of the first condensation pipes is controlled at 890 - 900 °C, so as to recover Zn elements in the first-stage recovery chamber; multiple second condensation pipes made of corundum with cooling water channels inside are arranged in the second-stage recovery chamber. By controlling the flow rate of the cooling water, the surface temperature of the second condensation pipes is controlled at 850 - 880 °C, so as to recover Na elements in the second-stage recovery chamber; multiple third condensation pipes made of corundum with cooling water channels inside are arranged in the third-stage recovery chamber. By controlling the flow rate of the cooling water, the surface temperature of the third condensation pipes is controlled below a certain temperature, so as to recover K elements in the third-stage recovery chamber.

[0014] Furthermore, the multi-component complex metallurgical materials include environmental dust removal ash, sintering dust sludge, blast furnace gas ash, blast furnace dust removal ash, converter dust, rolling mill dust, scale, zinc-containing iron ore, and waste incineration fly ash.

[0015] Furthermore, the condensation pipes in each stage recovery chamber are slidably inserted into each stage recovery chamber from the outside through a sliding sealing device. When too much metal condenses and accumulates on the pipe walls of each condensation pipe, the metal powder condensed on the pipe walls can be scraped off by pulling out each condensation pipe outward, with the help of the cooperation between the sliding sealing device and the condensation pipe.

[0016] Furthermore, the electric energy consumed in the whole process of the element low-temperature separation and enrichment system for multi-component complex metallurgical materials comes from gas power generation, steam surplus pressure power generation, solar power generation, wind power generation, nuclear power generation, and off-peak power from the power grid.

[0017] Furthermore, the Fe-containing materials recovered by magnetic separation are sent to subsequent smelting equipment such as converters and electric furnaces for the manufacture of steel products or components.

[0018] Furthermore, the secondary Zn-containing materials recovered in the first-stage recovery chamber are precipitated and leached with an acidic solution to filter out impurity components, and then ultra-high purity Zn plates are obtained by electrolysis.

[0019] The present invention combines low-temperature hydrogen reduction with melting and boiling point differences to efficiently separate and enrich multiple elements such as iron, lead, zinc, potassium, and sodium in multi-element metallurgical materials: selective reduction of metal oxides is achieved by hydrogen injection and a reaction environment of 1250 °C. Among them, iron and lead are deposited in solid state and recovered by magnetic separation and flotation. Zinc, potassium, and sodium are in the form of steam and are captured in stages by a stepped condensation system (zinc is recovered at 890 - 900 °C, sodium is recovered at 850 - 880 °C, and potassium is recovered below 760 °C), significantly improving the separation accuracy and metal recovery rate. At the same time, integrated coal powder co-reduction, detachable cleaning of corundum condensers, and waste heat power generation energy cycle are adopted to solve the problems of high energy consumption and large carbon emissions in traditional processes. The energy consumption is reduced by about 30% compared with conventional methods, the zinc removal rate reaches 97.1%, the iron recovery purity reaches the concentrate level, and the equipment for the whole process is streamlined and the operation is safe, which is suitable for large-scale green treatment of complex materials such as steel plant dust and waste fly ash.

[0020] The concept, specific structure, and technical effects of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings to fully understand the purpose, features, and effects of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the gas-solid unreacted core model;

[0022] Figure 2 is a schematic process flow diagram in a preferred embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0023] The following introduces multiple preferred embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings of the specification to make its technical content clearer and easier to understand. The present invention can be embodied in many different forms of embodiments, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the embodiments mentioned in the text.

[0024] The present invention provides a system for low-temperature separation and enrichment of elements in multi-element complex metallurgical materials. By pre-treating multi-element complex metallurgical materials to form powders with a certain particle size and mixing coal powder, and at the same time using a temperature control system to control the temperature of the reaction furnace at 1100 °C, the mixed powders undergo a reduction reaction with hydrogen in the reaction furnace, and the reduction of the materials is achieved during the process of rotating downward along the furnace inner channel. At the same time, due to the melting and boiling point differences of various elements, solid products such as Fe element move downward due to gravity and are enriched at the furnace bottom and finally separated by magnetic separation, while the remaining mixed metal vapors are separated and enriched in stages with different elements through a segmented condensation device in the flue together with the flue gas.

[0025] The materials to be processed can include a series of multi-component complex metallurgical materials such as environmental dust removal ash, sintering dust sludge, blast furnace gas ash, blast furnace dust removal ash, converter dust, rolling mill dust, scale, zinc-containing iron ore, and waste incineration fly ash, which contain a certain amount of Fe element and metal elements such as lead, zinc, potassium, and sodium. It has the characteristics of low production cost, less equipment investment, short process flow, simple production operation, etc. Moreover, there is no secondary pollution during the production process, it is safe and reliable, has good economic performance, and is conducive to large-scale industrial production by enterprises.

[0026] This system includes a multi-component complex metallurgical material pretreatment batching system, a material injection system, a hydrogen injection system, a temperature control system, and a reaction furnace body and separation and recovery system. Among them:

[0027] The multi-component complex metallurgical material pretreatment batching system includes a transmission device, a material ball milling device, a screening device, a drying device, and a batching device.

[0028] The material injection system includes a feed carrier gas pipe, a carrier gas flowmeter and a pressure detection device, k material injection pipes distributed at the top position of the reaction furnace, k mass flowmeters corresponding to the front ends of the injection pipes, a flow regulating valve, and a control subsystem.

[0029] The hydrogen injection system includes a multi-layer and multi-position static pressure detector on the furnace body, an injection layer corresponding to the position and the static pressure detector, a hydrogen nozzle, a material nozzle, and a control subsystem, etc.

[0030] The temperature control system includes a reaction furnace wall heating system, a hot air injection system, an infrared temperature detection system, etc.

[0031] The reaction furnace body and separation and recovery system includes a reaction furnace, a flue, a step-by-step cooling separation and recovery system, and a furnace bottom recovery device, a magnetic separation device, a flotation device, etc.

[0032] Furthermore, the multi-component complex metallurgical material pretreatment batching system needs to crush the multi-component complex metallurgical materials and pulverized coal. The kinetic mechanism of the multi-component complex metallurgical material dust is as follows:

[0033] Compared with the traditional smelting reduction furnace, the multi-component complex metallurgical material raw materials exist in the form of solid dust in the reaction furnace, dispersed in the reducing atmosphere. At the same time, since the reaction temperature in the reaction furnace is 1100°C and the melting phenomenon of iron oxides does not occur, the reaction kinetic model in the reaction furnace is a gas-solid unreacted core model, and its schematic diagram is as Figure 2 shown.

[0034] Since the particle size of the multi-component complex metallurgical material dust is small, the contact area between the reducing gas H2 / CO and the solid is large. Coupled with the good kinetic conditions and thermal conductivity of H2, this process has certain reduction advantages.

[0035] According to the injection requirements, it is necessary to crush the multi-component complex metallurgical raw materials and pulverized coal through a ball mill and screen out a particle size of 0.1 - 0.3 mm; obtain the content of valuable metal elements in the multi-component complex metallurgical materials in the daily production index, denoted as W, and based on detailed laboratory experiment simulations and accurate on-site measurement data, determine the mixing ratio between the multi-component complex metallurgical material dust and pulverized coal, denoted as δ, which is used as the injection ratio of the mixed materials.

[0036] Further, the static pressure and temperature monitoring subsystem of the furnace body of the hydrogen injection system includes m monitoring layers evenly distributed along the axial direction of the furnace body, with each layer being i = 1, 2…m; each layer includes n monitoring points evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the furnace body, with each point being j = 1, 2…24, n; the hydrogen-rich gas injection subsystem also includes m injection layers corresponding to the positions of each monitoring layer, and the injection layer includes n nozzles corresponding to the positions of each monitoring point; the control subsystem determines the temperature and static pressure at each position in the current gasifier through the static pressure at each position of the furnace body uploaded by the static pressure monitoring subsystem of the furnace body, the temperature at each position of the furnace body uploaded by the temperature monitoring subsystem of the furnace body, and through the multi-component complex metallurgical material reduction model, and controls the hydrogen-rich gas injection subsystem to perform hydrogen-rich injection. Determine the hydrogen injection flow according to the inlet flow and mixing ratio of the mixed materials. Its thermodynamic mechanism is as follows:

[0037] A series of reactions occur between the pulverized coal and H2 injected into the reaction furnace, and the reaction equations are as follows:

[0038] C + O2 = CO2

[0039] CO2 + H2 = CO + H2O

[0040] The multi-component complex metallurgical materials and pulverized coal are injected into the reaction furnace with hot air as the carrier gas. First, the oxidation reaction of C in the pulverized coal occurs to generate CO2, and there is a large amount of H2 in the reaction furnace. Under high-temperature conditions, CO2 is reduced by H2 to form CO, forming a mixed reducing atmosphere of H2 / CO.

[0041] The metal elements in the steel slag mainly exist in the form of oxides, including Fe2O3, FeO, (K + Na)2O, ZnO, etc. A large amount of mixed gas of CO and H2 is generated by the reaction of pulverized coal and H2, and a series of reduction reactions occur for the metal oxides in this atmosphere. The equations are as follows:

[0042] M x O y + yCO = xM + yCO2

[0043] M x O y + yH2 = xM + yH2O

[0044] Furthermore, the temperature control system includes a reaction furnace wall heating system, a hot air injection system, and an infrared temperature detection system. The main reason for controlling the reaction furnace temperature is that the coupling reduction reaction conditions of different metal oxides in the H2 / CO mixed atmosphere are slightly different. When reducing iron oxides, when the temperature is greater than 810 °C, the reduction ability of H2 is stronger than that of CO. When the temperature is higher than 1250 °C, soft melting of iron oxides will occur, which is not conducive to the contact between the mixed gas and the oxides. Therefore, the reduction effect is the best at 1100 °C. Taking the oxide of valuable metal element ZnO as an example, the temperature corresponding to the intersection of the zinc reduction curve and the iron oxide reduction curve is 1085 °C. Before 1085 °C, iron oxides are more easily reduced than zinc oxides. After this temperature, as the temperature increases, ZnO is more easily reduced. Under the conditions of the coupling reduction reaction of the mixed atmosphere, the dezincification rate in the multi-component complex metallurgical material raw materials is as high as 97.1%. At the same time, it can be seen from the fork curve that the reduction temperature of iron oxides in the H2 / CO mixed atmosphere is 810 °C, and the higher the temperature, the stronger the reduction ability of H2. The melting and boiling points of each metal element in the reduced product are different. At 1100 °C, Zn, K, and Na are all in the gas phase, while the melting point of Fe is 1538 °C. Therefore, elements with higher melting and boiling points such as Fe are separated from elements with lower melting and boiling points.

[0045] Furthermore, the solid reduction products recovered at the furnace bottom are screened by a magnetic separation device to obtain ultra-high-precision Fe fine powder, and the remaining dust can be screened for heavy metal elements such as Pb and Ag through a flotation device; the remaining metal vapors enter the flue together with the flue gas, and the metal elements are separated and enriched in the form of staged cooling.

[0046] Furthermore, the processing procedure of the present invention is as follows:

[0047] (1) Crushing and screening

[0048] The multi-component complex metallurgical materials in the iron and steel production process have different particle size specifications and need to be crushed and screened to meet the requirements of the material injection pipe. The multi-component complex metallurgical materials and pulverized coal are crushed and ground by a crusher and a ball mill and then screened. According to the size and carrier gas requirements of the powder injection device, the above materials are screened to a particle size range of 0.1-0.3 mm.

[0049] (2) Mixing and drying

[0050] The multi-component complex metallurgical material dust and coal powder after the above screening are mixed in a certain proportion, and the mixed carbon-containing multi-component complex metallurgical material dust is dried. The above raw materials are added to a preheating dryer, the reaction temperature is 150-200°C, and the agitator is used to continuously stir. After a certain period of drying, the water content of the carbon-containing multi-component complex metallurgical material dust is less than 5wt.%. The main reason is that when the moisture content in the material is high, it is easy to clog the powder blowing device. The dried carbon-containing multi-component complex metallurgical material dust is collected in the material powder spraying tower for subsequent production.

[0051] (3) Blowing reduction

[0052] Using 1250°C hot air as carrier gas, the above carbon-containing multi-component complex metallurgical material dust is sprayed into the reaction furnace through a powder spraying device, and H2 is sprayed into the furnace through a gas spraying device. The heating temperature of the reaction furnace wall is 1250°C, and the above hydrocarbon reaction and metal oxide reduction reaction are carried out under high temperature conditions. Among them, iron oxide is reduced to metal Fe element, Zn and its oxide are reduced to Zn element, and alkali metal oxide is reduced to K and Na element.

[0053] (4) Cyclone separation

[0054] Since the boiling point of Zn element is 907℃, the boiling point of K is 759℃, the boiling point of Na is 883℃, and the melting point of Fe element is 1538℃, the reduced Fe element exists in the form of solid and is deposited at the bottom of the furnace due to gravity, and other reduced valuable metal elements escape from the top of the furnace in the form of gas with the exhaust gas.

[0055] (5) Cooling and stratification

[0056] The smoke escaping from the top of the furnace contains a large amount of valuable metal element vapor, and the metal elements are separated and collected in the form of cascade separation. When the temperature is reduced to 890-900℃, Zn will be collected, when the temperature is reduced to 850-880℃, Na will be collected, and when the temperature is reduced to 760℃, K will be collected. The remaining smoke is collected by a smoke collector to prevent environmental pollution. The furnace gas also contains a large amount of H2 and CO, which can be introduced into the blast furnace to heat the air and realize material circulation.

[0057] (6) Magnetic flotation

[0058] The solid product that falls to the bottom of the furnace due to gravity contains a large amount of Fe metal, which is recovered by a magnetic separation device to obtain ultra-high purity Fe concentrate. The remaining product can be screened out of heavy metal elements such as Pb and Ag through a flotation device. Specific embodiments

[0060] (1) Calculate the mass of the multi-component complex metallurgical materials to be processed according to the daily production index, and simultaneously obtain that the metal content in the multi-component complex metallurgical materials is 20%, the Fe element content is 15%, and the content of the remaining metals is 5%. Through the calculation of the material balance and heat balance data of the whole system, it is calculated that the mixing ratio of the multi-component complex metallurgical materials to pulverized coal is 4:1. The dust of the multi-component complex metallurgical materials is crushed by ball mill 1A, and the pulverized coal is ground by ball mill 1B. The above raw materials are separated, and the metallurgical materials and pulverized coal are mixed according to the material ratio of 4:1.

[0061] (2) Put the mixture into dryer 2, the reaction temperature is 150 °C, and it is continuously stirred and dried. Then, particles with a particle size of 0.1 - 0.3 mm are screened out by sieve 3 and poured into batching tank 4.

[0062] (3) Using hot air at 1250 °C as the carrier gas, the mixture in batching tank 4 is blown into reaction furnace 8 through flowmeter 5 and powder nozzle 6. The mass flow rate of the carrier gas for a single nozzle is 0.00413 kg / s. At the powder injection control point, the point injection boundary condition is adopted, the nozzle aperture is set in the point injection mode, the mass flow rate of the carrier gas is 0.074 kg / s, and the mass flow rate of the mixed material powder is 2.5 kg / s. At the same time, H2 is blown into reaction furnace 8 through hydrogen nozzle 7. The furnace wall heater 9 of reaction furnace 8 heats the furnace wall to 1250 °C. Through the temperature control system, the flow rate of the blown hot air and the temperature of the furnace wall of the reaction furnace are controlled to control the reaction temperature in the reaction furnace at about 1100 °C.

[0063] (4) The mixed materials are subjected to carbon-hydrogen synergistic enhanced reduction in the reaction furnace, and the metal compounds are reduced to various metal elements. Among them, the boiling point of Fe is 1538 °C, the boiling point of Pb is 1749 °C, the boiling point of Zn is 907 °C, the boiling point of K is 759 °C, and the boiling point of Na is 883 °C. Therefore, metal elements with lower boiling points such as zinc, potassium, and sodium will generate metal vapor during the reduction process and enter the flue 11 together with the flue gas; metal elements with higher boiling points such as iron and lead and some unreduced impurities exist in solid form and fall to the bottom 10 of reaction furnace 8 due to gravity.

[0064] (5) The solid products that fall to the bottom of the reactor first pass through the magnetic separation device 12 to separate and recover the ultra-high-precision iron concentrate powder therein. The remaining substances then pass through the flotation device 13 to screen and separate and recover heavy metals such as Pb and Ag. The metal vapors that enter the flue 13 together with the flue gas sequentially pass through the first-stage recovery chamber 14, the second-stage recovery chamber 15, and the third-stage recovery chamber 16. In the first-stage recovery chamber 14, a plurality of first condensation pipes 141 made of corundum with cooling water channels 142 provided therein are arranged. By controlling the flow rate of the cooling water, the surface temperature of the first condensation pipes 141 is controlled at 890 - 900 °C, so as to recover Zn elements in the first-stage recovery chamber 14. In the second-stage recovery chamber 15, a plurality of second condensation pipes 151 made of corundum with cooling water channels 152 provided therein are arranged. By controlling the flow rate of the cooling water, the surface temperature of the second condensation pipes 151 is controlled at 850 - 880 °C, so as to recover Na elements in the second-stage recovery chamber 14. In the third-stage recovery chamber 16, a plurality of third condensation pipes 161 made of corundum with cooling water channels 162 provided therein are arranged. By controlling the flow rate of the cooling water, the surface temperature of the third condensation pipes 161 is controlled below 760 °C, so as to recover K elements in the third-stage recovery chamber 16. Among them, the condensation pipes in each stage recovery chamber are slidably inserted into each stage recovery chamber from the outside through the sliding seal devices 243, 153, and 163. When too much metal condenses and collects on the pipe walls of each condensation pipe, the metal powder condensed on the pipe walls can be scraped off by pulling out each condensation pipe outward, with the cooperation between the sliding seal device and the condensation pipe.

[0065] The remaining flue gas contains a large amount of high-calorific combustible gases such as CO / H2 and is discharged through the flue gas pipeline 17, and can be used as the heat source of high-temperature air for recycling to reduce energy consumption.

[0066] The above has described in detail the preferred specific embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that those of ordinary skill in the art can make many modifications and variations based on the concept of the present invention without creative labor. Therefore, all technical solutions that can be obtained by those skilled in the art in the technical field of the present invention based on the concept of the present invention through logical analysis, reasoning, or limited experiments on the basis of the prior art should be within the protection scope determined by the claims.

Claims

1. A system for low-temperature separation and enrichment of elements in multi-component complex metallurgical materials, characterized in that, A first ball mill for crushing dust of multi-component complex metallurgical materials; a second ball mill for grinding coal powder; a dryer for mixing and drying metallurgical materials and coal powder; a sifter for screening the mixture; a batching tank for storing the screened mixture; a reactor for the reaction of the mixture and hydrogen, wherein a powder nozzle and a hydrogen nozzle are arranged in the reactor, and a furnace wall heater is arranged on the furnace wall of the reactor; a magnetic separation device and a flotation device are arranged in sequence on the bottom of the reactor; a flue leading to a first tier recovery chamber, a second tier recovery chamber and a third tier recovery chamber connected in sequence is arranged on the furnace body; a plurality of first condensation drain pipes made of corundum with cooling water channels arranged in the first tier recovery chamber; a plurality of second condensation drain pipes made of corundum with cooling water channels arranged in the second tier recovery chamber; a plurality of third condensation drain pipes made of corundum with cooling water channels arranged in the third tier recovery chamber.

2. The system for low-temperature separation and enrichment of elements in multi-component complex metallurgical materials as described in claim 1, wherein, Multi-component complex metallurgical materials include environmental dust removal ash, sintering dust mud, blast furnace gas ash, blast furnace dust removal ash, converter dust, steel rolling dust, iron oxide scale, zinc-containing iron ore, and waste incineration fly ash.

3. The low-temperature separation and enrichment system for elements in multi-component complex metallurgical materials as described in claim 1, wherein, The condensation drain pipes in each cascade recovery chamber are detachably inserted into each cascade recovery chamber from the outside through a sliding sealing device.

4. A method for low-temperature separation and enrichment of elements in multi-component complex metallurgical materials, characterized in that, Includes steps: The multi-component complex metallurgical materials and coal powder are crushed and ground by a crusher and a ball mill, mixed and dried, and then sieved to obtain a particle size range of 0.1-0.3mm; Using 1250°C hot air as carrier gas, the screened mixture is sprayed into the reaction furnace through a powder spraying device, and H2 is sprayed into the furnace through a gas spraying device at the same time; the furnace wall of the reaction furnace is heated to 1250°C, and hydrocarbon reaction and reduction reaction of metal oxides are carried out under high temperature conditions; iron oxides are reduced to metal Fe, Zn and its oxides are reduced to Zn, and alkali metal oxides are reduced to K and Na. Zn, K, and Na will produce metal vapor during the reduction process and enter the flue along with the flue gas; Fe and Pb metal elements with higher boiling points exist in solid form and fall to the bottom of the reactor due to gravity; The solid products falling to the bottom of the reactor are first separated and recovered by a magnetic separation device, and the remaining substances are separated and recovered by a flotation device; The metal vapor entering the flue together with the flue gas passes through the first-stage recovery chamber, the second-stage recovery chamber and the third-stage recovery chamber in sequence; the first-stage recovery chamber is provided with a plurality of first condensation pipes made of corundum with cooling water flow channels therein, and the surface temperature of the first condensation pipes is controlled at 890-900°C by controlling the cooling water flow rate, so as to recover the Zn element in the first-stage recovery chamber; In the second-stage recovery chamber, there are multiple second condensation pipes made of corundum with cooling water channels inside. By controlling the flow rate of the cooling water, the surface temperature of the second condensation pipes is controlled at 850 - 880 °C, so as to recover Na elements in the second-stage recovery chamber; in the third-stage recovery chamber, there are multiple third condensation pipes made of corundum with cooling water channels inside. By controlling the flow rate of the cooling water, the surface temperature of the third condensation pipes is controlled below a certain value, so as to recover K elements in the third-stage recovery chamber.

5. The method for low-temperature separation and enrichment of elements in multi-component complex metallurgical materials according to claim 4, wherein, The multi-component complex metallurgical materials include environmental dust removal ash, sintering dust sludge, blast furnace gas ash, blast furnace dust removal ash, converter dust, rolling mill dust, scale, zinc-containing iron ore, and waste incineration fly ash.

6. The method for low-temperature separation and enrichment of elements in multi-component complex metallurgical materials according to claim 4, wherein, The condensation pipes in each stage recovery chamber are slidably inserted into each stage recovery chamber from the outside through a sliding seal device. When too much metal condenses and collects on the pipe walls of each condensation pipe, the metal powder condensed on the pipe walls can be scraped off by pulling out each condensation pipe outward, with the help of the cooperation between the sliding seal device and the condensation pipe.

7. The method for low-temperature separation and enrichment of elements in multi-component complex metallurgical materials according to claim 4, wherein, All the electric energy consumed in the whole process comes from gas power generation, steam surplus pressure power generation, solar power generation, wind power generation, nuclear power generation, and grid valley-time electric energy.

8. The method for low-temperature separation and enrichment of elements in multi-component complex metallurgical materials as claimed in claim 4, wherein, The Fe-containing materials recovered by magnetic separation are sent to subsequent smelting equipment such as converters and electric furnaces for the manufacture of steel products or components.

9. The method for low-temperature separation and enrichment of elements in multi-component complex metallurgical materials as described in claim 4, wherein, The secondary Zn-containing materials recovered in the first-stage recovery chamber are precipitated and leached with an acidic solution to filter out impurity components, and then ultra-high purity Zn plates are obtained by electrolysis.

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