Construction process of tunnel ventilation shaft by raise-boring method

Abstract

The invention relates to a construction process of a tunnel ventilation shaft raise-boring method, which comprises the following steps of: installing a raise-boring machine at the top of a shaft, and drilling downwards to form a guide hole; replacing a drill bit of the raise boring machine with a reaming drill bit, lifting and drilling from bottom to top, and reaming the guide hole to form a slag slipping hole; during upper short pilot shaft construction, when a raise-boring method is adopted for construction, the upper short pilot shaft is firstly constructed, a construction channel is provided for follow-up full-section excavation, drilling and blasting construction is conducted through a forward umbrella drill, full-section excavation of the vertical shaft is conducted, and monitoring anti-blocking equipment for slag discharging is installed in a slag sliding hole of the vertical shaft; primary supporting and secondary lining are conducted in sequence; and equipment dismantling and site cleaning are conducted. The construction efficiency and safety of the tunnel ventilation shaft can be effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of tunnel ventilation shaft construction, and particularly to a construction process of the raise boring method for tunnel ventilation shafts. Background Art

[0002] Currently, the construction of tunnel ventilation shafts is a key part of underground engineering, which is of great significance for improving the internal environment of tunnels, ensuring construction safety, and enhancing work efficiency. With the continuous progress of tunnel projects and the development of technologies, traditional construction methods are difficult to meet the construction requirements under complex geological conditions.

[0003] During the actual construction process, to solve the problem of shaft slag discharge, the following several conventional means are usually adopted: utilizing the action of natural gravity to discharge the blasted slag through a slag chute; installing monitoring equipment to monitor the unobstructed state of the slag chute in real time and taking manual intervention measures after problems are found. Although the above methods can meet the construction requirements to a certain extent, there are still obvious deficiencies when facing the situation of blockage of the slag chute by large rock blocks or other foreign objects. Traditional means often cannot quickly and effectively dredge the blockage, resulting in the impact on the construction progress and even possibly triggering safety accidents. At the same time, for sudden geological disasters such as water inrush, the existing technologies lack efficient countermeasures, further increasing the construction risks.

[0004] In view of the above related technologies, it is necessary to propose a construction process of the raise boring method for tunnel ventilation shafts to solve one of the above technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To solve one of the above technical problems, this application provides a construction process of the raise boring method for tunnel ventilation shafts.

[0006] The construction process of the raise boring method for tunnel ventilation shafts provided by this application adopts the following technical solutions: A construction process of the raise boring method for tunnel ventilation shafts includes the following steps: Install a raise boring rig at the top of the shaft and drill downward to form a pilot hole, where the diameter of the pilot hole meets the requirements for subsequent reaming; conduct the construction of the slag chute, replace the drill bit of the raise boring rig with a reaming bit, and drill upward from the bottom to ream the pilot hole to form a slag chute; Construct the upper short pilot shaft. When using the raise boring method for construction, first construct the upper short pilot shaft to provide a construction passage for subsequent full-face excavation, and use a positive umbrella drill for drill blasting construction to conduct the full-face excavation of the shaft; Install a monitoring and anti-blocking device for slag discharge in the slag chute of the shaft. The monitoring and anti-blocking device includes a monitoring frame hoisted in the slag chute and a dredging mechanism for dredging the blockage passing through the monitoring frame in the slag chute. A monitoring mechanism is arranged on the monitoring frame for monitoring the size of the slag discharge volume in the slag chute; If the monitoring mechanism on the monitoring frame in the slag chute detects that the amount of slag chute exceeds a preset value, the dredging mechanism executes a dredging instruction to dredge the blockage to keep the slag chute unobstructed; Carry out initial support and secondary lining in sequence; Dismantle equipment, clean up site, and conduct quality inspection.

[0007] By adopting the above technical solutions, the efficiency and safety of tunnel ventilation shaft construction can be effectively improved; specifically, by conducting detailed geological surveys and forecasts before construction, the accuracy and pertinence of subsequent construction are ensured; the guide hole formed in the reverse shaft construction not only provides a basis for subsequent hole expansion, but also significantly reduces the uncertainty in the construction process; especially in the shaft excavation and maintenance stage, by controlling the blasting parameters, the generation of large rocks is avoided, thereby reducing the risk of slag hole blockage; in addition, the integrated anti-blocking and shaft unobstructed status monitoring and anti-blocking equipment further ensures the smooth progress of the construction process, while measures to deal with the risk of sudden water inrush enhance the safety of construction; reasonable lining steps ensure the stability of the shaft structure and the reliability of long-term use.

[0008] Optionally, to deal with the risk of sudden water inrush, combined with the advanced geological forecast work done before construction in areas with developed groundwater, more advance exploration holes can be added to find out the geological conditions and water-rich conditions of the face, and radial grouting, local advance pre-grouting and peripheral curtain grouting can be used to block water.

[0009] By adopting the above-mentioned technical scheme, the risk of sudden water inrush can be effectively prevented in areas with developed groundwater, ensuring construction safety. Specifically, combined with advanced geological forecasting, the geological conditions and water-rich conditions of the face can be accurately ascertained, thus providing a scientific basis for subsequent construction. At the same time, through multiple measures such as radial grouting, local advanced pre-grouting and peripheral curtain grouting, an effective waterproof barrier can be formed to reduce the impact of groundwater on the construction area, reduce the probability of sudden water inrush accidents during construction, and improve overall construction efficiency and safety.

[0010] Optionally, the initial support is composed of system anchor rods, shotcrete, steel mesh and steel frame to temporarily support the shaft wall and ensure stability during the construction process.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solutions, the initial support structure can effectively enhance the stability of the shaft wall and prevent the shaft wall from collapsing during construction; the combined use of system anchors, shotcrete, steel mesh and steel frames not only improves the overall strength of the initial support, but also can adapt to construction needs under complex geological conditions, providing a safe and reliable working environment for subsequent secondary lining construction.

[0012] Optionally, the secondary lining is constructed by casting reinforced concrete for the secondary lining on the basis of the primary support to form a composite lining, thereby enhancing the structural strength and durability of the shaft.

[0013] By adopting the above technical solution, the primary support and the secondary lining act synergistically to form a composite lining structure, effectively enhancing the overall bearing capacity of the shaft. At the same time, the impermeability and long-term stability of the shaft under complex geological conditions are significantly improved, and the service life of the shaft is extended.

[0014] Optionally, the dredging mechanism includes a plurality of bearing seats arranged on the inner wall of the monitoring frame, a plurality of rollers, a tooth tool, and a driving member. The rollers are rotatably arranged on the bearing seats, and a plurality of the tooth tools are sleeved on the outer surface of the rollers at equal intervals for cutting and dredging the blockage. The driving member is disposed through the bottom of the bearing frame, and the output end of the driving member is connected to the bottom of the roller.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, effective dredging and monitoring of blockages can be achieved inside the slag chute. Specifically, the setting of the monitoring frame enables the equipment to be stably hoisted inside the slag chute, and the real-time flow state of the slag can be grasped through the monitoring mechanism to ensure the smoothness during the construction process. The rollers and the tooth tools in the dredging mechanism cooperate with each other, and driven by the driving member, they can cut and break blockages in different forms, effectively avoiding construction interruptions caused by blockages, thereby improving construction efficiency and reducing cleaning costs. In addition, through the optimized design of the structure, the adaptability of the equipment in complex environments is improved, providing a reliable guarantee for the efficient construction of the tunnel ventilation shaft.

[0016] Optionally, a first electric telescopic rod penetrates through the top of a plurality of the rollers, and a guide post for telescopic impact on the blockage is arranged at the output end of the first electric telescopic rod. The guide post and the roller are in the same direction.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, the first electric telescopic rod drives the guide post to perform telescopic impact on the blockage, which can effectively break the blockage inside the slag chute, improve the dredging efficiency, and further enhance the dredging effect in combination with the cutting and dredging action of the rollers and the tooth tools to ensure the smoothness of the slag chute.

[0018] Optionally, an arc surface is arranged at the top of the monitoring frame, and the arc surface is used to reduce the blockage of the monitoring frame to the slag flow.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, the design of the arc surface can effectively reduce the obstruction of the monitoring frame to the slag flow, make the slag pass more smoothly inside the slag chute, thereby reducing the blockage risk caused by the structure of the monitoring frame and improving the construction efficiency.

[0020] Optionally, it further includes a clamping mechanism for the outer surface of the monitoring frame to be able to fit against the inner wall of the unbroken slag discharge hole. A number of placement grooves are provided on the outer surface of the monitoring frame. The clamping mechanism includes a number of clamping frames telescopically arranged in the placement grooves, a cross plate, and a number of insertion rods. The cross plate is arranged at the end face of the clamping frame, and the number of insertion rods are fixedly connected to the front end face of the cross plate, and the insertion rods are inserted into the inner wall of the slag discharge hole.

[0021] By adopting the above technical solution, the clamping mechanism can effectively ensure the stable positioning of the monitoring frame in the slag discharge hole; specifically, the clamping frame flexibly adjusts its position through telescopic arrangement, and with the design of the cross plate and the insertion rods, the monitoring frame closely fits against the inner wall of the unbroken slag discharge hole, thus preventing the monitoring frame from shifting or tilting due to the impact generated by the flowing slag; this stable fixing method provides a reliable installation foundation for the monitoring mechanism and significantly improves the accuracy and reliability of the monitoring data.

[0022] Optionally, a second electric push rod is arranged in the placement groove, and the output end of the second electric push rod is connected to the tail end of the clamping frame for realizing the telescopic adjustment of the clamping frame in the placement groove.

[0023] By adopting the above technical solution, the setting of the second electric push rod can accurately control the telescopic movement of the clamping frame and ensure the stable adjustment of the clamping frame in the placement groove; this design effectively improves the fitting accuracy between the monitoring frame and the inner wall of the slag discharge hole, enhances the adaptability of the equipment in a complex construction environment, simplifies the operation process, and reduces the operation difficulty of the construction personnel.

[0024] Optionally, the monitoring mechanism includes a positioning frame obliquely installed around the bottom of the monitoring frame. An ultrasonic sensor is arranged at the bottom of the positioning frame corresponding to the bottom port of the monitoring frame for monitoring the flow condition of the broken slag in the slag discharge hole.

[0025] By adopting the above technical solution, the design of obliquely installing the positioning frame around the bottom of the monitoring frame can effectively expand the monitoring range of the ultrasonic sensor and ensure the all-round monitoring of the flow condition of the broken slag in the slag discharge hole; at the same time, the ultrasonic sensor is arranged at the bottom port of the monitoring frame, which can capture the change of the slag flow state in real time, provide accurate data support for the dredging operation during the construction process, thereby improving the construction efficiency and reducing the blockage risk.

[0026] In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: 1. The slag holes are formed by the reverse well construction method, and combined with monitoring and anti-blocking equipment, it can effectively prevent large rocks from blocking the slag holes, ensure the smoothness of the slag discharge process, and significantly improve construction efficiency; in view of the risk of sudden water inrush, advanced geological forecasting and a variety of grouting measures are adopted to identify geological conditions in advance and take water blocking measures, effectively reduce the impact of sudden geological disasters during construction, and ensure construction safety; the shaft lining adopts a combination of initial support and secondary lining, which not only improves the overall structural strength of the shaft, but also enhances its durability and stability, providing reliable ventilation guarantee for subsequent tunnel projects; 2. The roller and the teeth in the dredging mechanism work together to cut and dredge the blockage in the slag chute. Combined with the telescopic impact function of the guide column, the dredging efficiency is further improved to ensure that the slag chute is unobstructed for a long time. 3. The clamping mechanism fits tightly with the inner wall of the slag chute through the clamping frame, cross plate and plug rod, which enhances the stability of the monitoring frame and prevents it from displacement during the slag chute process. At the same time, the arc surface design reduces the blocking effect on the slag chute. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of a construction process of a tunnel ventilation shaft reverse shaft method in this application.

[0028] Figure 2 It is a three-dimensional view of a monitoring and anti-blocking device for the construction process of a tunnel ventilation shaft reverse shaft method in this application.

[0029] Figure 3 It is a top view of a monitoring and anti-blocking device for the construction process of a tunnel ventilation shaft reverse shaft method in the present application.

[0030] Figure 4 It is a side sectional view of a monitoring and anti-blocking device for the construction process of a tunnel ventilation shaft reverse shaft method in the present application.

[0031] Figure 5 yes Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the enlarged structure at point A in the middle.

[0032] Figure 6 This is a view of a monitoring and anti-clogging device for the construction process of a tunnel ventilation shaft reverse shaft method in the present application installed in a slag chute.

[0033] In the figure: 1. monitoring frame; 11. mounting groove; 12. monitoring mechanism; 121. positioning frame; 122. ultrasonic sensor; 13. arc surface; 2. dredging mechanism; 21. bearing seat; 22. roller; 23. gear; 24. driving member; 25. first electric telescopic rod; 26. guide column; 3. clamping mechanism; 31. clamping frame; 32. cross plate; 33. insertion rod; 34. second electric push rod. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The following further elaborates on this application in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Figures 1-6 A further detailed description of this application will be given below.

[0035] Example 1, referring to Figure 1 and Figure 2 This application discloses a construction technology for the reverse well method of a tunnel ventilation shaft, including the following steps: Geological exploration and forecasting, and preparation of equipment and materials; Install a raise boring machine at the top of the shaft and drill downwards to form a pilot hole, the diameter of the pilot hole meets the requirements for subsequent reaming; conduct construction of the muck chute hole, replace the drill bit of the raise boring machine with a reaming bit, and drill upwards from the bottom to ream the pilot hole to form the muck chute hole; Construction of the upper short pilot shaft. When using the reverse well method for construction, first construct the upper short pilot shaft to provide a construction passage for subsequent full-face excavation, and use a forward umbrella drill for drilling and blasting construction to conduct full-face excavation of the shaft; Install a monitoring and anti-blocking device for muck discharge in the muck chute hole of the shaft. The monitoring and anti-blocking device includes a monitoring frame 1 hoisted in the muck chute hole and a dredging mechanism 2 for dredging the blockage passing through the monitoring frame 1 in the muck chute hole. A monitoring mechanism 12 is arranged on the monitoring frame 1 for monitoring the muck discharge volume in the muck chute hole, and dealing with the risk of sudden gushing water, shortening the excavation footage, and strengthening support and measurement; When the monitoring mechanism 12 on the monitoring frame 1 in the muck chute hole monitors that the muck discharge volume exceeds the preset value, execute the dredging instruction through the dredging mechanism 2 to dredge the blockage and keep the muck chute hole unobstructed; Carry out initial support and secondary lining in sequence; Carry out equipment removal and site cleaning, and conduct quality acceptance.

[0036] The construction technology of the reverse well method for a tunnel ventilation shaft in this application can effectively improve the efficiency and safety of tunnel ventilation shaft construction; specifically, through detailed geological exploration and forecasting before construction, the accuracy and pertinence of subsequent construction are ensured; the pilot hole formed during the construction of the reverse well method not only provides a basis for subsequent reaming but also significantly reduces the uncertainty during the construction process; especially during the shaft excavation and maintenance stage, by controlling the blasting parameters, the generation of large rocks is avoided, thereby reducing the risk of blockage of the muck chute hole; in addition, the integrated anti-blocking and shaft unobstructed state monitoring equipment further ensures the smooth progress of the construction process, and the measures to deal with the risk of sudden gushing water enhance the construction safety; the reasonable lining steps ensure the stability of the shaft structure and the reliability of long-term use.

[0037] In the present embodiment, more specifically, in response to the risk of sudden water inrush, combined with the advanced geological forecast work done before construction in the area with developed groundwater, additional advance exploration holes are added to find out the geological conditions and water-rich conditions of the face, and radial grouting, local advanced pre-grouting and peripheral curtain grouting and other measures are used to block water, which can effectively prevent the risk of sudden water inrush in the area with developed groundwater and ensure construction safety; specifically, combined with the advanced geological forecast work, the geological conditions and water-rich conditions of the face can be accurately found out, thereby providing a scientific basis for subsequent construction; at the same time, through multiple measures such as radial grouting, local advanced pre-grouting and peripheral curtain grouting, an effective waterproof barrier can be formed to reduce the impact of groundwater on the construction area, reduce the probability of sudden water inrush accidents during construction, and improve overall construction efficiency and safety.

[0038] In this embodiment, more specifically, the initial support of the shaft lining adopts system anchor rods, shotcrete, steel mesh, and steel frame to form initial support, which temporarily supports the shaft wall and ensures stability during construction. The initial support structure can effectively enhance the stability of the shaft wall and prevent the shaft wall from collapsing during construction. The combined use of system anchor rods, shotcrete, steel mesh and steel frame not only improves the overall strength of the initial support, but also can adapt to the construction needs under complex geological conditions, and provide a safe and reliable working environment for the subsequent secondary lining construction.

[0039] In this embodiment, more specifically, the secondary lining is carried out on the basis of the initial support, and the secondary lining reinforced concrete construction is carried out to form a composite lining, which improves the structural strength and durability of the shaft. The initial support and the secondary lining work together to form a composite lining structure, which effectively enhances the overall bearing capacity of the shaft, while significantly improving the impermeability and long-term stability of the shaft under complex geological conditions, thereby extending the service life of the shaft.

[0040] Example 2, reference Figures 2-6 The dredging mechanism 2 includes a plurality of bearing seats 21 arranged on the inner wall of the monitoring frame 1, a plurality of rollers 22, teeth 23 and a driving member 24. The rollers 22 are rotatably arranged on the bearing seats 21, and a plurality of teeth 23 are equidistantly sleeved on the outer surface of the rollers 22 for cutting and dredging the blockage. The driving member 24 is arranged through the bottom of the bearing frame. The driving member 24 uses a driving motor, and the output end of the driving member 24 is connected to the bottom of the roller 22.

[0041] It can effectively dredge and monitor the blockage in the slag chute hole; specifically, the setting of the monitoring frame 1 enables the equipment to be stably hoisted in the slag chute hole, and the monitoring mechanism 12 can be used to grasp the slag flow state in real time to ensure the smoothness during the construction process; the roller 22 and the tooth tool 23 in the dredging mechanism 2 cooperate with each other, and driven by the driving member 24, they can cut and break blockages in different forms, effectively avoiding construction interruptions caused by blockages, thereby improving construction efficiency and reducing cleaning costs; when the blockage contacts the tooth tool 23 on the roller 22, the tooth tool 23 will cut and break the blockage under the rotational power provided by the driving member 24, so as to dredge it; in addition, through the optimized design of the structure, the adaptability of the equipment in complex environments is improved, providing a reliable guarantee for the efficient construction of the tunnel ventilation shaft.

[0042] Reference Figure 2 And Figure 5 , in this embodiment, more specifically, a first electric telescopic rod 25 penetrates through the top of several rollers 22, and a guide post 26 for telescopic impact on the blockage is arranged at the output end of the first electric telescopic rod 25. The guide post 26 and the roller 22 are in the same direction. The first electric telescopic rod 25 drives the guide post 26 to perform telescopic impact on the blockage, which can effectively break the blockage in the slag chute hole and improve the dredging efficiency; combined with the cutting and breaking dredging effects of the roller 22 and the tooth tool 23, the dredging effect is further enhanced to ensure the smoothness of the slag chute hole.

[0043] Reference Figure 2 , in this embodiment, more specifically, an arc surface 13 is arranged at the top of the monitoring frame 1. The arc surface 13 is used to reduce the blockage of the monitoring frame 1 to the slag flow. The design of the arc surface 13 can effectively reduce the obstruction of the monitoring frame 1 to the slag flow, make the slag pass more smoothly in the slag chute hole, thereby reducing the blockage risk caused by the structure of the monitoring frame 1 and improving the construction efficiency.

[0044] Reference Figure 2 And Figure 4, in this embodiment, more specifically, it further includes a clamping mechanism 3, which is used to monitor that the outer surface of the monitoring frame 1 can fit the inner wall of the unbroken slag discharge hole. A plurality of placement grooves 11 are provided on the outer surface of the monitoring frame 1. The clamping mechanism 3 includes a clamping frame 31, a cross plate 32 and a plurality of insertion rods 33 that are telescopically arranged in the placement grooves 11. The cross plate 32 is arranged at the end face of the clamping frame 31, and a plurality of insertion rods 33 are fixedly connected to the front end face of the cross plate 32. The insertion rods 33 are inserted into the inner wall of the slag discharge hole, and the clamping mechanism 3 can effectively ensure the stable positioning of the monitoring frame 1 in the slag discharge hole; specifically, the clamping frame 31 flexibly adjusts its position through telescopic arrangement, and with the design of the cross plate 32 and the insertion rods 33, the monitoring frame 1 is closely attached to the inner wall of the unbroken slag discharge hole, thereby preventing the monitoring frame 1 from being displaced or tilted due to the impact generated by the flow of the slag discharge; this stable fixing method provides a reliable installation basis for the monitoring mechanism 12 and significantly improves the accuracy and reliability of the monitoring data.

[0045] Reference Figure 4 , in this embodiment, more specifically, a second electric push rod 34 is arranged in the placement groove 11. The output end of the second electric push rod 34 is connected to the tail end of the clamping frame 31, which is used to realize the telescopic adjustment of the clamping frame 31 in the placement groove 11. The arrangement of the second electric push rod 34 can accurately control the telescopic movement of the clamping frame 31 and ensure the stable adjustment of the clamping frame 31 in the placement groove 11; this design effectively improves the fitting accuracy between the monitoring frame 1 and the inner wall of the slag discharge hole, enhances the adaptability of the equipment in a complex construction environment, simplifies the operation process, and reduces the operation difficulty of the construction personnel.

[0046] Reference Figure 4 , in this embodiment, more specifically, the monitoring mechanism 12 includes a positioning frame 121 that is inclinedly installed around the bottom of the monitoring frame 1. At the bottom of the positioning frame 121 corresponding to the bottom port of the monitoring frame 1, an ultrasonic sensor 122 is provided, which measures the amount of slag discharge or blockage in the slag discharge hole by emitting and receiving ultrasonic signals. According to information such as the propagation time of the ultrasonic wave and the intensity of the reflected signal, the amount of slag discharge in the slag discharge hole can be judged, which is used to monitor the flow of the broken slag material in the slag discharge hole. The design of the inclined installation of the positioning frame 121 around the bottom of the monitoring frame 1 can effectively expand the monitoring range of the ultrasonic sensor 122 and ensure the full - range monitoring of the flow of the broken slag material in the slag discharge hole; at the same time, the ultrasonic sensor 122 is arranged at the bottom port of the monitoring frame 1, which can capture the change of the slag material flow state in real time, provide accurate data support for the dredging operation during the construction process, thereby improving the construction efficiency and reducing the blockage risk.

[0047] The implementation principle of the monitoring and anti-blocking device for the construction technology of the reverse shaft method of tunnel ventilation shafts in the embodiments of the present application is as follows: through the coordinated action of the monitoring frame 1, the dredging mechanism 2, the clamping mechanism 3 and the monitoring mechanism 12, effective dredging and real-time monitoring of the blockage in the slag chute are realized; the dredging mechanism 2 realizes the cutting and dredging of the blockage through the precise cooperation of the roller 22 and the tooth tool 23; the clamping mechanism 3 firmly fixes the monitoring frame 1 on the inner wall of the slag chute through the combination of the insertion rod 33 and the cross plate 32, avoiding the displacement of the equipment caused by vibration or impact and ensuring its stable operation; the monitoring mechanism 12 real-time collects the flow data in the slag chute through the ultrasonic sensor 122, providing a basis for construction decisions.

[0048] The above are all the preferred embodiments of the present application. The protection scope of the present application is not limited hereby. Therefore, all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape and principle of the present application shall be covered within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A construction process of the reverse well method for a tunnel ventilation shaft, characterized in that, The following steps are involved: Install a raise borer at the top of the shaft, drill downward to form a guide hole, the diameter of which meets the requirements for subsequent hole expansion; carry out slag hole construction, replace the drill bit of the raise borer with a hole expansion drill bit, lift and drill from bottom to top, and expand the guide hole to form a slag hole; When constructing the upper short pilot shaft using the reverse well method, the upper short pilot shaft is constructed first to provide a construction channel for the subsequent full-section excavation. The forward umbrella drilling and blasting method is used to excavate the full section of the shaft. A monitoring and anti-blocking device for slag discharge is installed in a slag discharge hole in a vertical shaft, the monitoring and anti-blocking device comprising a monitoring frame (1) hoisted and installed in the slag discharge hole and a dredging mechanism (2) for dredging blockages in the slag discharge hole that pass through the monitoring frame (1), and a monitoring mechanism (12) is arranged on the monitoring frame (1) for monitoring the amount of slag discharged in the slag discharge hole; If the monitoring mechanism (12) on the monitoring frame (1) in the slag chute detects that the amount of slag chute exceeds a preset value, the dredging mechanism (2) executes a dredging instruction to dredge the blockage and keep the slag chute unobstructed; Carry out initial support and secondary lining in sequence; Dismantle equipment, clean up site, and conduct quality inspection.

2. The construction process of the raise boring method for a tunnel ventilation shaft according to claim 1, characterized in that: To deal with the risk of sudden water inrush, combined with the advanced geological forecast work done before construction in areas with developed groundwater, more advance exploration holes are added to find out the geological conditions and water-rich conditions of the face, and radial grouting, local advance pre-grouting and peripheral curtain grouting are used to block water.

3. The construction process of the raise boring method for a tunnel ventilation shaft according to claim 1, characterized in that: The initial support is composed of system anchor rods, shotcrete, steel mesh and steel frame to temporarily support the shaft wall and ensure stability during the construction process.

4. The construction process of the raise boring method for a tunnel ventilation shaft according to claim 1, characterized in that: The secondary lining is constructed by reinforced concrete on the basis of initial support to form a composite lining, thereby improving the structural strength and durability of the shaft.

5. The construction process of the raise boring method for a tunnel ventilation shaft according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dredging mechanism (2) comprises a plurality of bearing seats (21) arranged on the inner wall of the monitoring frame (1), a plurality of rollers (22), teeth (23) and a driving member (24); the rollers (22) are rotatably arranged on the bearing seats (21); the plurality of teeth (23) are equidistantly sleeved on the outer surface of the rollers (22) for cutting and dredging the blockage; the driving member (24) is arranged through the bottom of the bearing seat (21); and the output end of the driving member (24) is connected to the bottom of the rollers (22).

6. The construction process of the raise boring method for a tunnel ventilation shaft according to claim 5, characterized in that: A first electric telescopic rod (25) is provided through the top of a plurality of the rollers (22), and a guide column (26) for telescopically impacting a blockage is provided at the output end of the first electric telescopic rod (25), and the guide column (26) and the rollers (22) are in the same direction.

7. The construction process of the raise boring method for a tunnel ventilation shaft according to claim 1, characterized in that: An arc-shaped surface (13) is provided on the top of the monitoring frame (1), and the arc-shaped surface (13) is used to reduce the blocking of the monitoring frame (1) on slag flow.

8. The construction process of the raise boring method for a tunnel ventilation shaft according to claim 1, characterized in that: Further included is a clamping mechanism (3) for enabling the outer surface of the monitoring frame (1) to fit the inner wall of the unbroken slag discharge hole. A plurality of placement grooves (11) are provided on the outer surface of the monitoring frame (1). The clamping mechanism (3) includes a clamping frame (31), a cross plate (32), and a plurality of insertion rods (33) that are telescopically arranged in the placement grooves (11). The cross plate (32) is arranged at the end face of the clamping frame (31), and the plurality of insertion rods (33) are fixedly connected to the front end face of the cross plate (32). The insertion rods (33) are inserted into the inner wall of the slag discharge hole.

9. The construction process of the raise boring method for a tunnel ventilation shaft according to claim 8, characterized in that: A second electric push rod (34) is arranged in the placement groove (11). The output end of the second electric push rod (34) is connected to the tail end of the clamping frame (31) for realizing the telescopic adjustment of the clamping frame (31) in the placement groove (11).

10. The construction process of the raise boring method for a tunnel ventilation shaft according to claim 1, characterized in that: The monitoring mechanism (12) includes a positioning frame (121) that is inclinedly installed around the bottom of the monitoring frame (1). An ultrasonic sensor (122) is arranged at the bottom of the positioning frame (121) corresponding to the bottom port of the monitoring frame (1) for monitoring the flow condition of the broken slag in the slag discharge hole.

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