Multi-stage deep heat and mass recovery amino energy storage-power generation composite circulation system and operation method thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a multi-stage deep heat and mass recovery amino energy storage-power generation composite circulating system and an operation method thereof. The multi-stage deep heat and mass recovery amino energy storage-power generation composite circulating system comprises a first sub-power generation system and a second sub-power generation system, the ammonia storage / hydrogen production composite module, the buffer tank and the fuel cell are sequentially communicated to form a hydrogen supply flow path, and the output end of the ammonia storage / hydrogen production composite module is connected with a return pipeline; the evaporator, the separator, the turbine, the condenser, the low-pressure cavity, the high-pressure cavity and the flow adjusting cavity are sequentially communicated to form a waste heat backheating working medium closed circulation pipeline. And the waste gas output end of the fuel cell is sequentially communicated with the ammonia storage / hydrogen production composite module, the evaporator, the flow adjusting cavity and the high-pressure cavity to form a tail gas flow path. High-temperature exhaust gas of the fuel cell is adopted to provide energy for the ammonia storage / hydrogen production composite module, the evaporator, the flow adjusting cavity and the high-pressure cavity in sequence, green, safe and reliable supply of hydrogen is achieved, deep heat regeneration of the high-temperature exhaust gas of the fuel cell is achieved, and the waste heat utilization efficiency of the system is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of power generation, and in particular, to a multistage deep heat and mass recuperation ammonia energy storage-power generation combined cycle system and an operation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In terms of hydrogen production / storage, the hydrogen content in the same volume of liquid ammonia is more than 60% higher than that of liquid hydrogen, and the energy consumption of ammonia synthesis is equivalent to that of hydrogen liquefaction, making ammonia an important carrier for storing and transporting hydrogen. Therefore, ammonia decomposition for hydrogen production is considered to be an effective way to supplement hydrogen. For example, Patent CN102782921A proposes a technology for generating hydrogen from ammonia stored in a solid material and integrating the device with a low-temperature fuel cell. This patent can effectively avoid the explosion risk of using high-pressure anhydrous liquid ammonia / hydrogen during vehicle transportation through the form of solid ammonia storage. However, in this patent, the technology form of using the heat energy generated by the catalytic combustion of ammonia gas to catalyze the decomposition of ammonia gas to produce hydrogen requires additional consumption of ammonia fuel, significantly reducing the utilization rate of ammonia fuel. At the same time, it will inevitably generate polluting gases such as NOx, increasing the investment and operation costs of subsequent NOx gas capture equipment.

[0003] In terms of improving the energy efficiency of hydrogen energy power generation technology, fuel cells such as solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC), high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells (HT-PEMFC), and alkaline fuel cells (AFC) using hydrogen as fuel can utilize the waste heat of their tail gases as a heat source to drive the catalytic decomposition of ammonia fuel, and cascade utilize their high-temperature waste heat to drive a closed waste heat power generation cycle, etc., with advantages such as high combined power generation efficiency, high energy utilization rate, low requirement for hydrogen purity, and clean and pollution-free. For example, Patent CN115172798B proposes a SOFC-PDC combined cycle system and its control method to improve the fuel utilization rate, power performance, mobility, and environmental adaptability of the system. Another example is Patent CN118270212A, which proposes a ship power system and a variable load operation method for a fuel cell combined with a gas turbine (SOFC-GT), hoping to improve the comprehensive utilization efficiency of energy by recovering the high-temperature flue gas of the system to drive the gas turbine. For the closed waste heat power generation cycle, medium and low-temperature waste heat power generation cycles represented by the organic Rankine cycle (ORC) have problems such as a relatively large proportion of pump work. As mentioned in the paper "Efficiency of the Working Fluid Pump in a Small Organic Rankine Cycle System", in the actual process, the proportion of pump work in the output work of the expander can be higher than 12%, resulting in a relatively low comprehensive energy efficiency of the system.

[0004] In view of this, it is necessary to propose a green zero-carbon single-stage deep heat and mass recuperation ammonia energy storage-power generation combined cycle system with an integrated ammonia storage / hydrogen production structure and a new pump-free structure to improve the energy utilization rate of the system and at the same time enhance the comprehensive energy efficiency of the system. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a multi-stage deep regenerative and recuperative ammonia energy storage-power generation combined cycle system and its operation method.

[0006] A multi-stage deep regenerative and recuperative ammonia energy storage-power generation combined cycle system provided by the present invention includes: a first sub-power generation system and a second sub-power generation system;

[0007] The first sub-power generation system includes: a fuel cell, an ammonia storage / hydrogen production composite module, and a buffer tank. The ammonia storage / hydrogen production composite module, the buffer tank, and the fuel cell are connected in sequence to form a hydrogen supply flow path. A reflux pipeline is connected to the output end of the ammonia storage / hydrogen production composite module;

[0008] The second sub-power generation system includes: a hybrid thermally self-driven pump module, an evaporator, a separator, a turbine, and a condenser. The hybrid thermally self-driven pump module includes: a low-pressure cavity, a high-pressure cavity, and a flow regulation cavity. The evaporator, the separator, the turbine, the condenser, the low-pressure cavity, the high-pressure cavity, and the flow regulation cavity are connected in sequence to form a waste heat regenerative working fluid closed circulation pipeline;

[0009] The exhaust gas output end of the fuel cell is connected in sequence with the ammonia storage / hydrogen production composite module, the evaporator, the flow regulation cavity, and the high-pressure cavity to form a tail gas flow path.

[0010] Preferably, a condensation / absorption latent heat regenerative cycle flow path is formed by connecting the condenser and the high-pressure cavity.

[0011] Preferably, the ammonia storage / hydrogen production composite module includes two operation modules arranged in parallel;

[0012] When the hydrogen concentration at the first hydrogen gas outlet of the ammonia storage / hydrogen production composite module meets the hydrogen supply requirement of the fuel cell, the hydrogen gas flows to the second hydrogen gas inlet of the buffer tank, and then successively passes through the second hydrogen gas outlet of the buffer tank and the first hydrogen gas inlet of the fuel cell to form a hydrogen supply flow path;

[0013] When the hydrogen concentration at the first hydrogen gas outlet of the ammonia storage / hydrogen production composite module cannot meet the hydrogen supply requirement of the fuel cell, the hydrogen gas flows to the first hydrogen gas reflux port of the ammonia storage / hydrogen production composite module and flows back to the first hydrogen gas reflux port of the ammonia storage / hydrogen production composite module through the reflux pipeline.

[0014] Preferably, the hybrid thermally self-driven pump module includes two low-pressure cavities arranged in parallel. Each of the two low-pressure cavities is connected with a high-pressure cavity in a one-to-one correspondence, and the input end of the flow regulation cavity is respectively communicated with the two high-pressure cavities.

[0015] Preferably, a third gas working medium flow outlet is provided at the top of the low-pressure cavity, the condenser is provided with a third gas working medium flow inlet communicated with the third gas working medium flow outlet, a fourth gas working medium flow inlet is provided at the top side of the low-pressure cavity, and a fourth gas working medium flow outlet communicated with the fourth gas working medium flow inlet is provided at the top side of the high-pressure cavity.

[0016] Preferably, the operation process of the second sub-power generation system includes: the accumulation process of the waste heat recuperation working medium in the low-pressure cavity, the accumulation process of the waste heat recuperation working medium in the high-pressure cavity, the heat absorption and pressure increase process of the waste heat recuperation working medium in the high-pressure cavity, and the outflow process of the waste heat recuperation working medium in the high-pressure cavity;

[0017] The accumulation process of the waste heat recuperation working medium in the low-pressure cavity includes the following steps: when the first low-pressure cavity is communicated with the condenser, after the pressure of the first low-pressure cavity and the condenser is the same, the waste heat recuperation working medium of the system flows into the first low-pressure cavity under the action of gravity, so that the waste heat recuperation working medium accumulates in the first low-pressure cavity; when the first low-pressure cavity is not communicated with the condenser, switch the second low-pressure cavity to be communicated with the condenser, and after the pressure of the second low-pressure cavity and the condenser is the same, the waste heat recuperation working medium flows into the second low-pressure cavity and accumulates;

[0018] The accumulation process of the waste heat recuperation working medium in the high-pressure cavity includes the following steps: when the low-pressure cavity is not communicated with the condenser, the fourth gas working medium flow inlet of the low-pressure cavity is communicated with the fourth gas working medium flow outlet of the high-pressure cavity, so that the pressure of the low-pressure cavity and the high-pressure cavity is the same, and the waste heat recuperation working medium flows into the high-pressure cavity under the action of gravity;

[0019] The heat absorption and pressure increase process of the waste heat recuperation working medium in the high-pressure cavity includes the following steps: all the valves connected to the high-pressure cavity are in a closed state, and the high-pressure cavity is heat-exchanged by using the latent heat of condensation / absorption heat recuperation, dissipated steam, and the waste heat at the end of the fuel cell tail gas. The waste heat recuperation working medium inside the high-pressure cavity starts to absorb waste heat to realize temperature rise and pressure increase;

[0020] The outflow process of the waste heat recuperation working medium in the high-pressure cavity includes the following steps: when the fourth liquid working medium flow outlet of the first high-pressure cavity is in a communicated state with the fifth gas working medium flow outlet of the flow regulation cavity, after the pressure of the first high-pressure cavity and the flow regulation cavity is the same, the pressurized high-pressure gas-liquid mixed working medium flows into the flow regulation cavity; when the first high-pressure cavity is not communicated with the flow regulation cavity, switch the second high-pressure cavity to be communicated with the flow regulation cavity.

[0021] Preferably, a plurality of solenoid valves for switching are provided on the connecting pipeline of the multi-stage deep heat recuperation and mass return amino energy storage-power generation combined cycle system, and the turbine is connected to a generator.

[0022] Preferably, the ammonia storage / hydrogen production composite module is arranged in parallel with the evaporator. The exhaust gas output end of the fuel cell is respectively communicated with the input ends of the ammonia storage / hydrogen production composite module and the evaporator, and the input end of the flow regulation cavity is respectively communicated with the output ends of the ammonia storage / hydrogen production composite module and the evaporator.

[0023] According to an operation method of a multi-stage deep heat and mass regeneration ammonia-based energy storage-power generation composite cycle system provided by the present invention, which is applied to the above multi-stage deep heat and mass regeneration ammonia-based energy storage-power generation composite cycle system, the method includes the following steps:

[0024] Step S1, the tail gas of the fuel cell drives the ammonia storage / hydrogen production composite module to realize the processes of ammonia desorption of the solid amino material and ammonia decomposition to produce hydrogen;

[0025] Step S2, the tail gas flowing out of the ammonia storage / hydrogen production composite module passes through the evaporator, causing the liquid working medium in the evaporator to evaporate into a gas-liquid mixed working medium;

[0026] Step S3, the tail gas flowing out of the evaporator drives the flow regulation cavity in the hybrid thermally self-driven pump module, causing the liquid working medium in the flow regulation cavity to absorb heat and evaporate into a gas-liquid mixed working medium;

[0027] Step S4, the tail gas flowing out of the flow regulation cavity in the hybrid thermally self-driven pump module drives the high-pressure cavity in the hybrid thermally self-driven pump module, causing the liquid working medium in the high-pressure cavity to absorb heat and boost the pressure;

[0028] Step S5, the tail gas flowing out of the high-pressure cavity is discharged to the external environment.

[0029] According to an operation method of a multi-stage deep heat and mass regeneration ammonia-based energy storage-power generation composite cycle system provided by the present invention, which is applied to the above multi-stage deep heat and mass regeneration ammonia-based energy storage-power generation composite cycle system, the method includes the following steps:

[0030] Step S1, a part of the tail gas of the fuel cell drives the ammonia storage / hydrogen production composite module to realize the processes of ammonia desorption of the solid amino material and ammonia decomposition to produce hydrogen;

[0031] Step S2, the remaining part of the tail gas of the fuel cell drives the evaporator, causing the liquid working medium in the evaporator to evaporate into a gas-liquid mixed working medium;

[0032] Step S3, the tail gas flowing out of the evaporator drives the flow regulation cavity in the hybrid thermally self-driven pump module, causing the liquid working medium in the flow regulation cavity to absorb heat and evaporate into a gas-liquid mixed working medium;

[0033] Step S4: The tail gas flowing out of the flow regulation cavity in the hybrid thermally self-driven pump module drives the high-pressure cavity in the hybrid thermally self-driven pump module, causing the liquid working medium in the high-pressure cavity to absorb heat and increase in pressure.

[0034] Step S5: The tail gas flowing out of the high-pressure cavity is discharged into the external environment.

[0035] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0036] 1. By using the high-temperature waste gas of the fuel cell to provide energy for the ammonia storage / hydrogen production composite module, the evaporator, the flow regulation cavity, and the high-pressure cavity in sequence, the present invention can not only achieve the green, safe, and reliable supply of hydrogen, ensure the stable and efficient power generation of the fuel cell, but also realize the deep heat recovery of the high-temperature tail gas of the fuel cell, improving the waste heat utilization efficiency of the system; by adopting the hybrid thermally self-driven pump module, the pressure increase process of the waste heat recovery working medium is realized through gravity / heat energy utilization, the pump-free operation of the system can be achieved, avoiding additional pump power consumption, and effectively improving the comprehensive energy utilization efficiency of the system.

[0037] 2. By utilizing the waste heat of the high-temperature tail gas of the fuel cell to realize the ammonia desorption of solid ammonia storage and the decomposition of ammonia to produce hydrogen, the present invention can effectively avoid the generation of NOx and the formation of carbon dioxide; through the solid ammonia storage / hydrogen production composite method, the flash evaporation phenomenon of ammonia can be avoided when the temperature or pressure changes, thereby effectively improving the safety and reliability of hydrogen during storage and transportation or when used in vehicle / marine hydrogen power systems.

[0038] 3. By designing two low-pressure cavities and two high-pressure cavities for switching use, the present invention ensures the continuous flow of the waste heat recovery working medium in the second sub-power generation system, guaranteeing the stable operation of the second sub-power generation system; by adjusting the outlet flow of the flow regulation cavity in real time based on the operating conditions of the fuel cell in the first sub-power generation system, the operating parameters of the second sub-power generation system are matched with those of the first sub-power generation system, thereby effectively improving the efficient operation of the system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] By reading the detailed description of the non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings, other features, objects, and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent:

[0040] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the multi-stage deep heat recovery and mass return amino energy storage-power generation composite cycle system mainly embodying the embodiments of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the multi-stage deep heat recovery and mass return amino energy storage-power generation composite cycle system mainly embodying the variations of the present invention.

[0042] As shown in the figure:

[0043] Fuel cell 1, ammonia storage / hydrogen production composite module 2

[0044] Hybrid thermal self-driven pump module 3, buffer tank 4

[0045] Evaporator 5, separator 6

[0046] Turbine 7, generator 8

[0047] Condenser 9, solenoid valve 10

[0048] Check valve 11, low-pressure cavity 101

[0049] High-pressure cavity 102, flow regulation cavity 103 Specific implementation mode

[0050] The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments. The following embodiments will help those skilled in the art to further understand the present invention, but do not limit the present invention in any form. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the concept of the present invention, several changes and improvements can be made. These all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

[0051] Embodiment

[0052] As Figure 1 shown, a multi-stage deep heat regeneration and mass regeneration ammonia-based energy storage - power generation combined cycle system provided by the present invention includes: a first sub-power generation system and a second sub-power generation system; the first sub-power generation system includes: a fuel cell 1, an ammonia storage / hydrogen production composite module 2, and a buffer tank 4. The ammonia storage / hydrogen production composite module 2, the buffer tank 4, and the fuel cell 1 are sequentially connected in communication to form a hydrogen supply flow path, and a reflux pipeline is connected to the output end of the ammonia storage / hydrogen production composite module 2; the second sub-power generation system includes: a hybrid thermal self-driven pump module 3, an evaporator 5, a separator 6, a turbine 7, and a condenser 9. The hybrid thermal self-driven pump module 3 includes: a low-pressure cavity 101, a high-pressure cavity 102, and a flow regulation cavity 103. The evaporator 5, the separator 6, the turbine 7, the condenser 9, the low-pressure cavity 101, the high-pressure cavity 102, and the flow regulation cavity 103 are sequentially connected in communication to form a waste heat regeneration working fluid closed circulation pipeline; the exhaust gas output end of the fuel cell 1 is sequentially connected in communication with the ammonia storage / hydrogen production composite module 2, the evaporator 5, the flow regulation cavity 103, and the high-pressure cavity 102 to form a high-temperature tail gas flow path.

[0053] The first hydrogen gas flow outlet of the ammonia storage / hydrogen production composite module 2 is respectively connected to the first hydrogen gas reflux port of the ammonia storage / hydrogen production composite module 2 and the second hydrogen gas flow inlet of the buffer tank 4, and the solenoid valve 10 is used to control whether different connecting pipelines are cut off. The first gas-liquid mixed working medium flow outlet of the evaporator 5, the first gas-liquid mixed working medium flow inlet of the separator 6, the first gas working medium flow outlet of the separator 6, the first gas working medium flow inlet of the turbine 7, the second gas working medium flow outlet of the turbine 7, the second gas working medium flow inlet of the condenser 9, the second liquid working medium flow outlet of the condenser 9, the second liquid working medium flow inlet of the low-pressure cavity 101, the third liquid working medium flow outlet of the low-pressure cavity 101, the third liquid working medium flow inlet of the high-pressure cavity 102, the fourth liquid working medium flow outlet of the high-pressure cavity 102, the fourth liquid working medium flow inlet of the flow regulation cavity 103, and the second gas-liquid mixed working medium flow outlet of the flow regulation cavity 103 are sequentially connected to the first gas-liquid mixed working medium flow inlet of the evaporator 5 to form a pump-free closed system. Based on the heat utilization characteristics of different components, the high-temperature waste gas of the fuel cell 1 provides energy for the ammonia storage / hydrogen production composite module 2, the evaporator 5, the flow regulation cavity 103, and the high-pressure cavity 102 in sequence, thereby realizing the deep heat recovery of the high-temperature tail gas of the fuel cell 1 and improving the waste heat utilization efficiency of the system.

[0054] This application can solve problems such as low safety in existing hydrogen storage, transportation, and preparation and relatively low comprehensive energy efficiency. Based on the heat utilization characteristics of different components, the high-temperature waste gas of the fuel cell 1 provides energy for the ammonia storage / hydrogen production composite module 2, the evaporator 5, the flow regulation cavity 103, and the high-pressure cavity 102 in sequence, thereby realizing the deep heat recovery of the high-temperature tail gas of the fuel cell 1 and improving the waste heat utilization efficiency of the system. The second sub-generation system of this application is an effective supplement to the first sub-generation system, improving the adaptability of the system to different power consumption scenarios. This application can adjust the working parameters of the second sub-generation system in real time through the flow regulation cavity 103, enabling it to better adapt to the operating state of the first sub-generation system and ensuring the efficient and stable operation of the entire system.

[0055] A plurality of solenoid valves 10 for switching are arranged on the connecting pipelines of the multi-stage deep heat recovery and mass recovery ammonia-based energy storage - power generation composite cycle system, and the solenoid valves 10 are used to control the start-stop and opening degree of the flow paths.

[0056] The fuel cell 1 is provided with a first high-temperature tail gas flow outlet and a first hydrogen gas flow inlet. The fuel cell 1 is a fuel cell that can provide high-temperature waste gas, such as a solid oxide fuel cell, a high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell, an alkaline fuel cell, and a molten carbonate fuel cell, etc.

[0057] The ammonia storage / hydrogen production composite module 2 includes two sets of operating modules arranged in parallel. Each set of operating modules of the ammonia storage / hydrogen production composite module 2 is provided with a first high-temperature tail gas flow inlet, a second high-temperature tail gas flow outlet, a first hydrogen gas flow outlet, and a first hydrogen gas return port. When the hydrogen concentration at the first hydrogen gas flow outlet of the ammonia storage / hydrogen production composite module 2 meets the hydrogen supply requirement of the fuel cell 1, the hydrogen gas flows to the second hydrogen gas flow inlet of the buffer tank 4, and then successively passes through the second hydrogen gas flow outlet of the buffer tank 4 and the first hydrogen gas flow inlet of the fuel cell 1 to form a complete hydrogen supply flow path. When the hydrogen concentration at the first hydrogen gas flow outlet of the ammonia storage / hydrogen production composite module 2 cannot meet the hydrogen supply requirement of the fuel cell 1, the hydrogen gas is made to flow to the first hydrogen gas return port of the ammonia storage / hydrogen production composite module 2 and flows back to the first hydrogen gas return port of the ammonia storage / hydrogen production composite module 2 through the return pipeline.

[0058] For the first sub-power generation system, the first high-temperature tail gas flow outlet of the fuel cell 1 is connected to the first high-temperature tail gas flow inlet of the ammonia storage / hydrogen production composite module 2 to realize the waste heat utilization of the high-temperature tail gas. The waste heat of the high-temperature tail gas of the fuel cell 1 drives the ammonia storage / hydrogen production composite module 2 to complete the ammonia adsorption in the solid amino group and the decomposition of ammonia into hydrogen gas, realizing the hydrogen supply of the fuel cell 1 and enabling the fuel cell 1 to generate electricity stably and efficiently. In this sub-cycle, according to the working medium flowing in the pipeline, it is divided into a high-temperature tail gas flow pipeline and a hydrogen gas flow pipeline.

[0059] The buffer tank 4 is provided with a second hydrogen gas flow inlet and a second hydrogen gas flow outlet. The buffer tank 4 is used to adjust the flow rate of the produced hydrogen gas so that the hydrogen gas flow rate flowing into the fuel cell 1 matches its operating conditions, thereby improving the fuel utilization rate of the fuel cell 1.

[0060] For the high-temperature tail gas flow pipeline and the hydrogen gas flow pipeline, the first hydrogen gas flow outlet of the ammonia storage / hydrogen production composite module 2 is respectively connected to the first hydrogen gas return port of the ammonia storage / hydrogen production composite module 2 and the second hydrogen gas flow inlet of the buffer tank 4, and different solenoid valves 10 are used to control whether different connecting pipelines are cut off. When the hydrogen concentration at the first hydrogen gas flow outlet of the ammonia storage / hydrogen production composite module 2 meets the hydrogen supply requirement of the fuel cell 1, the solenoid valve 10 is switched so that the hydrogen gas flows to the second hydrogen gas flow inlet of the buffer tank 4, and then successively passes through the second hydrogen gas flow outlet of the buffer tank 4 and the first hydrogen gas flow inlet of the fuel cell 1 to be connected in sequence to form a complete hydrogen supply flow path. When the hydrogen concentration at the first hydrogen gas flow outlet of the ammonia storage / hydrogen production composite module 2 cannot meet the hydrogen supply requirement of the fuel cell 1, the solenoid valve 10 is switched so that the hydrogen gas flows to the first hydrogen gas return port of the ammonia storage / hydrogen production composite module 2, and the insufficiently decomposed hydrogen gas flows back to the ammonia storage / hydrogen production composite module 2 for further decomposition, improving the fuel utilization rate. At the same time, it also reduces the risk of electrode life reduction caused by the corrosion problem caused by ammonia flowing into the fuel cell 1, and also reduces the possibility of NOx pollutants being generated by ammonia in the fuel cell 1.

[0061] For the second sub-power generation system, the waste heat of the exhaust gas of the fuel cell 1 successively passes through the evaporator 6 and the hybrid thermally self-driven pump module 3, providing heat at the right temperature for the evaporation of the high-pressure liquid in the evaporator 5 and the pressure boost of the low-pressure liquid in the hybrid thermally self-driven pump module 3 respectively. The second sub-power generation system is divided into three flow circuits according to the different working fluids flowing in the pipes: the waste heat recuperation working fluid closed flow circuit, the high-temperature exhaust gas flow circuit, and the condensation latent heat recuperation working fluid closed flow circuit.

[0062] The evaporator 5 is provided with a second high-temperature exhaust gas inlet, a third high-temperature exhaust gas outlet, a first liquid working fluid inlet, and a first gas-liquid mixed working fluid outlet.

[0063] The separator 6 is provided with a first gas-liquid mixed working fluid inlet, a first liquid working fluid outlet, and a first gas working fluid outlet.

[0064] The turbine 7 is connected to the generator 8 to realize waste heat power generation. The turbine 7 is provided with a first gas working fluid inlet and a second gas working fluid outlet.

[0065] The separator 6 plays a role in gas-liquid separation, preventing the liquid working fluid from entering the turbine 7, so that the blades of the turbine 7 are impacted and mechanically damaged, and at the same time preventing the liquid working fluid from entering the turbine 7 and affecting the expansion efficiency. The liquid in the separator 6 flows into the fifth liquid working fluid inlet of the flow regulation cavity 103 through the first liquid working fluid outlet of the separator 6, realizing the reuse of the high-pressure waste heat recuperation working fluid.

[0066] The condenser 9 is provided with a second gas working fluid inlet, a second liquid working fluid outlet, a third gas working fluid inlet, a first condensation latent heat recuperation working fluid inlet, and a first condensation latent heat recuperation working fluid outlet.

[0067] The condenser 9 is connected to the high-pressure cavity 102 to form a condensation / absorption latent heat recuperation circulation flow path. The first condensation latent heat recuperation working fluid inlet of the condenser 9 is connected to the second condensation latent heat recuperation working fluid outlet of the high-pressure cavity 102 in the hybrid thermally self-driven pump module 3, and the first condensation latent heat recuperation working fluid outlet of the condenser 9 is connected to the second condensation latent heat recuperation working fluid inlet of the high-pressure cavity 102 in the hybrid thermally self-driven pump module 3, thus forming a waste heat utilization closed system that can rely on gravitational potential energy to circulate, further improving the waste heat utilization efficiency of the system.

[0068] The hybrid thermally self-driven pump module 3 includes two low-pressure cavities 101 arranged in parallel. Each of the two low-pressure cavities 101 is correspondingly connected to a high-pressure cavity 102. The input ends of the flow regulation cavities 103 are respectively communicated with the two high-pressure cavities 102. That is, the hybrid thermally self-driven pump module 3 is provided with 2 low-pressure cavities 101, 2 high-pressure cavities 102, 2 one-way valves 11, 1 flow regulation cavity 103 and several solenoid valves 10. The one-way valves 11 are respectively arranged on the channels for the circulation of the liquid working medium to prevent the backflow of the working medium. The number of the low-pressure cavities 101 and the high-pressure cavities 102 is 2. By controlling the valves to alternately operate the first low-pressure cavity 101 and the second low-pressure cavity 101, and by controlling the valves to alternately operate the first high-pressure cavity 102 and the second high-pressure cavity 102, it can ensure that the high-pressure working medium of the hybrid thermally self-driven "pump" 3 can be continuously supplied, so that the second sub-power generation system can operate uninterruptedly.

[0069] Any one of the low-pressure cavities 101 is provided with a second liquid working medium inlet, a third liquid working medium outlet, a third gas working medium outlet arranged at the top, and a fourth gas working medium inlet arranged at the side top.

[0070] Any one of the high-pressure cavities 102 is provided with a third liquid working medium inlet, a fourth liquid working medium outlet, a fourth gas working medium outlet arranged at the side top, a second condensation latent heat recuperation working medium inlet, a second condensation latent heat recuperation working medium outlet, a third high-temperature tail gas inlet, a fourth high-temperature tail gas outlet and a first high-temperature and high-pressure dissipated steam inlet. The high-pressure cavity 102 is provided with a first high-temperature and high-pressure dissipated steam inlet. When externally supplied with high-temperature and high-pressure dissipated steam, the high-temperature and high-pressure dissipated steam can be used to further heat up and boost the pressure of the high-pressure cavity 102, realizing the diversified utilization of the waste heat source.

[0071] The flow regulation cavity 103 is provided with a fourth liquid working medium inlet, a fifth liquid working medium inlet, a second gas-liquid mixed working medium outlet, a fifth gas working medium outlet arranged at the top side, a fourth high-temperature tail gas inlet and a fifth high-temperature tail gas outlet. The flow regulation cavity 103 is used to adjust the flow rate of the waste heat recuperation working medium of the second sub-power generation system in real time according to the operating state of the first sub-power generation system to ensure the efficient and stable operation of the whole system. For example, when the first sub-power generation system is operating under a low-load condition, the waste heat of the tail gas of the fuel cell 1 is relatively small. By reducing the outlet flow rate of the flow regulation cavity 103, the waste heat utilization efficiency of the second sub-power generation system can be guaranteed.

[0072] The third gas working medium flow outlet of the low-pressure cavity 101 and the fourth gas working medium flow outlet of the high-pressure cavity 102 are both arranged at the top or the side top. The purpose of setting the fifth gas working medium flow outlet of the flow regulation cavity 103 is to balance the pressures between the low-pressure cavity 101 and the condenser 9, between the low-pressure cavity 101 and the high-pressure cavity 102, and between the high-pressure cavity 102 and the flow regulation cavity 103 respectively, so that the waste heat regenerative working medium in the container can smoothly flow into the low-pressure cavity 101, the high-pressure cavity 102 and the flow regulation cavity 103 respectively by gravity.

[0073] The arrangement positions of the condenser 9, the low-pressure cavity 101, the high-pressure cavity 102, the flow regulation cavity 103 and the evaporator 5 decrease in height in turn, so that the waste heat regenerative working medium can flow by gravity.

[0074] The operation process of the second sub-power generation system includes: the accumulation process of the waste heat regenerative working medium in the low-pressure cavity 101, the accumulation process of the waste heat regenerative working medium in the high-pressure cavity 102, the heat absorption and pressure increase process of the waste heat regenerative working medium in the high-pressure cavity 102, and the outflow process of the waste heat regenerative working medium in the high-pressure cavity 102.

[0075] The first operation process of the operation method of the second sub-power generation system, that is, the accumulation process of the waste heat regenerative working medium in the low-pressure cavity 101, includes the following steps: when the first low-pressure cavity 101 is connected to the condenser 9, after the pressures of the first low-pressure cavity 101 and the condenser 9 are the same, the waste heat regenerative working medium of the system flows into the first low-pressure cavity 101 from the condenser 9 under the action of gravity, so that the waste heat regenerative working medium accumulates in the first low-pressure cavity 101. When the first low-pressure cavity 101 is not connected to the condenser 9, switch the second low-pressure cavity 101 to be connected to the condenser 9 to ensure the continuous flow of the waste heat regenerative working medium of the second sub-power generation system. After the pressures of the second low-pressure cavity 101 and the condenser 9 are the same, the waste heat regenerative working medium flows into the second low-pressure cavity 101 and accumulates.

[0076] The second operation process of the operation method of the second sub-power generation system, that is, the accumulation process of the waste heat regenerative working medium in the high-pressure cavity 102, includes the following steps: when the low-pressure cavity 101 is not connected to the condenser 9, the fourth gas working medium inlet of the low-pressure cavity 101 is connected to the fourth gas working medium outlet of the high-pressure cavity 102, so that the pressures of the low-pressure cavity 101 and the high-pressure cavity 102 are the same, and the waste heat regenerative working medium flows into the high-pressure cavity 102 from the low-pressure cavity 101 under the action of gravity. The hybrid thermally self-driven pump module 3 includes two low-pressure cavities 101 arranged in parallel, and the two low-pressure cavities 101 are respectively connected to a high-pressure cavity 102, and the accumulation processes of the two high-pressure cavities 102 are the same.

[0077] The third operation process of the operation method of the second sub-power generation system, i.e., the heat absorption and pressure increase process of the waste heat regenerative working fluid in the high-pressure cavity 102, includes the following steps: All valves connected to the high-pressure cavity 102 are in the closed state. The high-pressure cavity 102 is heat-exchanged by using condensation / absorption latent heat regeneration, high-temperature and high-pressure dissipated steam, and the waste heat at the end of the tail gas of the fuel cell 1. The waste heat regenerative working fluid inside the high-pressure cavity 102 begins to absorb waste heat to achieve temperature increase and pressure increase. The heat absorption and pressure increase processes of the two high-pressure cavities 102 are the same.

[0078] The fourth operation process of the operation method of the second sub-power generation system, i.e., the outflow process of the waste heat regenerative working fluid in the high-pressure cavity 102, includes the following steps: When the fourth liquid working fluid outlet of the first high-pressure cavity 102 is in communication with the fifth gas working fluid outlet of the flow regulation cavity 103, after the pressures of the first high-pressure cavity 102 and the flow regulation cavity 103 are the same, the pressurized high-pressure gas-liquid mixed working fluid flows into the flow regulation cavity 103. When the first high-pressure cavity 102 is not in communication with the flow regulation cavity 103, switch the connection to the second high-pressure cavity 102 and the flow regulation cavity 103 to ensure the continuous flow of the waste heat regenerative working fluid of the second sub-power generation system and guarantee the stable operation of the second sub-power generation system.

[0079] For the closed circulation pipeline of the waste heat regenerative working fluid, the first gas-liquid mixed working fluid outlet of the evaporator 5, the first gas-liquid mixed working fluid inlet of the separator 6, the first gas working fluid outlet of the separator 6, the first gas working fluid inlet of the turbine 7, the second gas working fluid outlet of the turbine 7, the second gas working fluid inlet of the condenser 9, the second liquid working fluid outlet of the condenser 9, the second liquid working fluid inlet of the low-pressure cavity 101, the third liquid working fluid outlet of the low-pressure cavity 101, the third liquid working fluid inlet of the high-pressure cavity 102, the fourth liquid working fluid outlet of the high-pressure cavity 102, the fourth liquid working fluid inlet of the flow regulation cavity 103, the second gas-liquid mixed working fluid outlet of the flow regulation cavity 103, and the first gas-liquid mixed working fluid inlet of the evaporator 5 are connected in sequence to form a pump-free closed system. Specifically, the high-pressure liquid working fluid of the evaporator 5 absorbs waste heat and becomes a high-pressure gas-liquid mixed working fluid. This high-pressure gas-liquid mixed working fluid enters the separator 6 for gas-liquid separation, enabling the high-pressure gaseous working fluid to drive the turbine 7 to expand and do work to drive the generator 8 to generate electricity and then become a low-pressure gaseous working fluid. Then, this low-pressure gaseous working fluid enters the condenser 9 to release heat and become a low-pressure gas-liquid mixed working fluid. After that, this low-pressure gas-liquid mixed working fluid flows into the hybrid thermally self-driven pump module 3 and becomes a high-pressure liquid mixed working fluid via the low-pressure cavity 101, the high-pressure cavity 102, and the flow regulation cavity 103, and then flows back into the evaporator 5.

[0080] For the high-temperature tail gas flow pipeline, based on the cascaded utilization of energy, the waste heat at the end of the tail gas of the fuel cell 1 is used for deep recuperation of the ammonia storage / hydrogen production composite module 2, the evaporator 5, the flow regulation cavity 103, and the high-pressure cavity 102 in sequence. First, the operating temperature of the ammonia storage / hydrogen production composite module 2 is 400 - 700 °C, which has relatively high requirements for the tail gas temperature. Moreover, both ammonia desorption and ammonia decomposition are endothermic reactions and require a large amount of heat. Therefore, it is placed at the beginning of the recuperation. Second, since the heat transfer mode of the evaporator 5 is mainly endothermic phase change and it requires the most heat, the evaporator 5 is preferentially recuperated. Third, in order to increase the dryness of the waste heat recuperation working fluid entering the evaporator 5 and thus effectively reduce the required heat transfer area of the evaporator 5, the heat transfer mode of the flow regulation cavity 103 also includes endothermic phase change. Therefore, the tail gas of the fuel cell 1 next recuperates the flow regulation cavity 103 first. Finally, the temperature range required for the high-pressure cavity 102 during the process of temperature increase and pressure boost is 100 - 200 °C, and it has relatively low requirements for temperature. Therefore, it can be placed at the end of the recuperation. Taking ammonia water working fluid as an example of the waste heat recuperation working fluid, when the temperature of the ammonia water working fluid with a mass fraction of 0.2 increases from 110 °C to 160 °C, its pressure can increase from 7 bar to 20 bar.

[0081] An operating method for a multi-stage deep recuperation and mass recuperation ammonia-based energy storage - power generation combined cycle system provided by this application includes the following steps:

[0082] Step 1: The high-temperature tail gas of the fuel cell 1 drives the ammonia storage / hydrogen production composite module 2 to realize the processes of ammonia desorption of the solid amino material and hydrogen production by ammonia decomposition;

[0083] Step 2: The high-temperature tail gas flowing out of the ammonia storage / hydrogen production composite module 2 passes through the evaporator 5, causing the high-temperature and high-pressure liquid working fluid in the evaporator 5 to evaporate into a high-temperature and high-pressure gas-liquid mixed working fluid;

[0084] Step 3: The medium-temperature tail gas flowing out of the evaporator 5 further drives the flow regulation cavity 103 in the hybrid thermally self-driven pump module 3, causing the liquid working fluid in the flow regulation cavity 103 to absorb heat and evaporate into a gas-liquid mixed working fluid;

[0085] Step 4: The medium-temperature tail gas flowing out of the flow regulation cavity 103 in the hybrid thermally self-driven pump module 3 further drives the high-pressure cavity 102 in the hybrid thermally self-driven pump module 3, causing the liquid working fluid in the high-pressure cavity 102 to absorb heat and boost pressure;

[0086] Step 5: The low-temperature tail gas flowing out of the high-pressure cavity 102 can be discharged into the atmosphere or can be further used to heat tap water to meet the domestic / industrial domestic hot water demand.

[0087] This application can improve the green safety and reliability of hydrogen production, storage and transportation. In terms of green zero-carbon, both ammonia and the decomposed hydrogen used in this application are zero-carbon fuels, which can avoid the formation of carbon dioxide. This application also realizes the ammonia desorption of solid-state ammonia storage and ammonia decomposition to produce hydrogen by using the waste heat of the high-temperature exhaust gas of fuel cell 1, rather than the combustion heat of the exhaust gas at the outlet of fuel cell 1, which can effectively avoid the generation of NOx. In terms of safety and reliability, this application can avoid the flashing phenomenon of ammonia when the temperature or pressure changes through the solid-state ammonia storage / hydrogen production composite method, thus effectively improving the safety and reliability of hydrogen during storage, transportation or in vehicle / marine hydrogen power systems.

[0088] This application can effectively improve the overall energy utilization efficiency of the system. Based on the heat utilization characteristics of different components, the high-temperature exhaust gas of fuel cell 1 provides energy for the ammonia storage / hydrogen production composite module 2, evaporator 5, flow regulation cavity 103 and high-pressure cavity 102 in sequence, so as to realize the deep heat recovery of the high-temperature exhaust gas of fuel cell 1 and improve the waste heat utilization efficiency of the system. In addition, the hybrid thermally self-driven pump module 3 in this system realizes the pressure boost process of the waste heat recovery working medium through gravity / heat energy utilization, can achieve pump-free operation of the system, and avoids additional pump power consumption. This system effectively improves the overall energy utilization efficiency of the system by improving the waste heat utilization efficiency of the system and achieving pump-free power consumption.

[0089] This application can effectively improve the economy of the system. First, the system can effectively reduce the storage and transportation cost of fuel. The ammonia storage / hydrogen production composite module 2 uses solid-state amino groups as the carrier of hydrogen, effectively improving the energy density per unit volume and reducing the storage and transportation cost of fuel. Second, it reduces the initial investment cost of the system. First, by recovering heat from the flow regulation cavity 103, the dryness of the waste heat recovery working medium at the inlet of the evaporator 5 can be effectively increased, reducing the heat exchange area required by the evaporator 5, thus saving the initial investment cost of the evaporator 5. Second, through the intensive composite design of the ammonia storage / hydrogen production composite module 2, the originally bulky ammonia storage module and hydrogen production module are integrated into one module, which can effectively reduce the initial investment cost of this component. Third, it reduces the fuel cost of the system. This system effectively reduces the fuel cost of the system by improving the overall energy utilization efficiency of the system and setting the first hydrogen reflux port of the ammonia storage / hydrogen production composite module 2 to improve the fuel utilization rate.

[0090] This application can effectively improve the high-efficiency and stability of the system operation. By designing two low-pressure cavities 101 and two high-pressure cavities 102, when the first low-pressure cavity 101 is not connected to the condenser 9, the second low-pressure cavity 101 is switched to be connected to the condenser 9. When the first high-pressure cavity 102 is not connected to the flow regulation cavity 103, the second high-pressure cavity 102 is switched to be connected to the flow regulation cavity 103, ensuring the continuous flow of the waste heat recovery working medium in the second sub-power generation system and guaranteeing the stable operation of the second sub-power generation system. In addition, based on the operating conditions of the fuel cell 1 in the first sub-power generation system, the outlet flow of the flow regulation cavity 103 is adjusted in real time, so that the operating parameters of the second sub-power generation system match those of the first sub-power generation system, thereby effectively improving the high-efficiency operation of the system.

[0091] Variant

[0092] Based on the embodiment, as Figure 2 shown, the ammonia storage / hydrogen production composite module 2 is arranged in parallel with the evaporator 5. The exhaust gas output end of the fuel cell 1 is respectively connected to the input ends of both the ammonia storage / hydrogen production composite module 2 and the evaporator 5. The input end of the flow regulation cavity 103 is respectively connected to the output ends of both the ammonia storage / hydrogen production composite module 2 and the evaporator 5.

[0093] An operation method of a multi-stage deep heat recovery and mass return ammonia-based energy storage-power generation composite cycle system provided by this application includes the following steps:

[0094] Step 1: A part of the high-temperature tail gas of the fuel cell 1 drives the ammonia storage / hydrogen production composite module 2 to realize the ammonia desorption of the solid amino material and the process of ammonia decomposition to produce hydrogen;

[0095] Step 2: Another part of the high-temperature tail gas of the fuel cell 1 drives the evaporator 5, so that the high-temperature and high-pressure liquid working medium in the evaporator 5 evaporates into a high-temperature and high-pressure gas-liquid mixed working medium;

[0096] Step 3: After the medium-temperature tail gas flowing out of the evaporator 5 and the high-temperature tail gas flowing out of the ammonia storage / hydrogen production composite module 2 merge, they further drive the flow regulation cavity 103 in the hybrid thermally self-driven pump module 3, so that the liquid working medium in the flow regulation cavity 103 absorbs heat and evaporates into a gas-liquid mixed working medium;

[0097] Step 4: The medium-temperature tail gas flowing out of the flow regulation cavity 103 in the hybrid thermally self-driven pump module 3 further drives the high-pressure cavity 102 in the hybrid thermally self-driven pump module 3, so that the liquid working medium in the high-pressure cavity 102 absorbs heat and boosts the pressure;

[0098] Step 5: The low-temperature tail gas flowing out of the high-pressure cavity 102 can be discharged into the atmosphere or further used to heat tap water to meet the domestic / industrial domestic hot water demand.

[0099] This application consists of two sub-power generation systems, which are coupled and connected by a deep heat and mass regeneration method. In the first sub-power generation system, the high-temperature waste heat of the fuel cell 1 drives the ammonia storage / hydrogen production composite module 2 to achieve the green, safe and reliable supply of hydrogen, thus ensuring the stable and efficient power generation of the fuel cell 1. For the second sub-power generation system, the high-temperature waste gas of the fuel cell 1 drives the evaporator 5 and the hybrid thermally self-driven pump module 3 to realize the evaporation and pressure boosting process of the working medium, improving the energy utilization rate and the comprehensive energy efficiency of the system at the same time.

[0100] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation of this application.

[0101] The specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the above specific embodiments, and those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications within the scope of the claims, which do not affect the essence of the present invention. Without conflict, the embodiments of this application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other arbitrarily.

Claims

1. A multi-stage deep regenerative and recuperative ammonia energy storage - power generation combined cycle system, characterized in that Comprising: A first sub - power generation system and a second sub - power generation system; The first sub - power generation system includes: a fuel cell (1), an ammonia storage / hydrogen production composite module (2), and a buffer tank (4). The ammonia storage / hydrogen production composite module (2), the buffer tank (4), and the fuel cell (1) are connected in sequence to form a hydrogen supply flow path. The output end of the ammonia storage / hydrogen production composite module (2) is connected with a return pipeline; The second sub - power generation system includes: a hybrid thermal self - driven pump module (3), an evaporator (5), a separator (6), a turbine (7), and a condenser (9). The hybrid thermal self - driven pump module (3) includes: a low - pressure cavity (101), a high - pressure cavity (102), and a flow - regulating cavity (103). The evaporator (5), the separator (6), the turbine (7), the condenser (9), the low - pressure cavity (101), the high - pressure cavity (102), and the flow - regulating cavity (103) are connected in sequence to form a waste - heat recuperative working fluid closed - circulation pipeline; The exhaust gas output end of the fuel cell (1) is connected in sequence with the ammonia storage / hydrogen production composite module (2), the evaporator (5), the flow - regulating cavity (103), and the high - pressure cavity (102) to form a tail - gas flow path.

2. The multistage deep regenerative recuperative ammonia energy storage - power generation combined cycle system according to claim 1, wherein The condenser (9) is connected with the high - pressure cavity (102) to form a condensation / absorption latent - heat recuperative circulation flow path.

3. The multi-stage deep regenerative recuperative ammonia energy storage - power generation combined cycle system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ammonia storage / hydrogen production composite module (2) includes two operation modules arranged in parallel; When the hydrogen concentration at the first hydrogen flow outlet of the ammonia storage / hydrogen production composite module (2) meets the hydrogen supply requirement of the fuel cell (1), the hydrogen flows to the second hydrogen flow inlet of the buffer tank (4), and then successively passes through the second hydrogen flow outlet of the buffer tank (4) and the first hydrogen flow inlet of the fuel cell (1) to form a hydrogen supply flow path; When the hydrogen concentration at the first hydrogen flow outlet of the ammonia storage / hydrogen production composite module (2) cannot meet the hydrogen supply requirement of the fuel cell (1), the hydrogen flows to the first hydrogen return port of the ammonia storage / hydrogen production composite module (2) and flows through the return pipeline to the first hydrogen return port of the ammonia storage / hydrogen production composite module (2).

4. The multi-stage deep regenerative and recuperative ammonia energy storage-power generation combined cycle system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hybrid thermal self - driven pump module (3) includes two low - pressure cavities (101) arranged in parallel. Each of the two low - pressure cavities (101) is connected with a high - pressure cavity (102) in one - to - one correspondence. The input end of the flow - regulating cavity (103) is respectively connected with the two high - pressure cavities (102).

5. The multi-stage deep regenerative and recuperative ammonia energy storage-power generation combined cycle system according to claim 4, wherein The top of the low - pressure cavity (101) is provided with a third gas working fluid flow outlet. The condenser (9) is provided with a third gas working fluid flow inlet communicated with the third gas working fluid flow outlet. The top side of the low - pressure cavity (101) is provided with a fourth gas working fluid flow inlet. The top side of the high - pressure cavity (102) is provided with a fourth gas working fluid flow outlet communicated with the fourth gas working fluid flow inlet.

6. The multi-stage deep regenerative recuperative ammonia energy storage-power generation combined cycle system according to claim 5, wherein The operation process of the second sub - power generation system includes: the accumulation process of the waste - heat recuperative working fluid in the low - pressure cavity (101), the accumulation process of the waste - heat recuperative working fluid in the high - pressure cavity (102), the heat - absorption and pressure - increase process of the waste - heat recuperative working fluid in the high - pressure cavity (102), and the outflow process of the waste - heat recuperative working fluid in the high - pressure cavity (102); The accumulation process of the waste heat recuperation working fluid in the low-pressure cavity (101) includes the following steps: When the first low-pressure cavity (101) is connected to the condenser (9), after the pressures of the first low-pressure cavity (101) and the condenser (9) are the same, the waste heat recuperation working fluid of the system flows into the first low-pressure cavity (101) from the condenser (9) under the action of gravity, so that the waste heat recuperation working fluid accumulates in the first low-pressure cavity (101); When the first low-pressure cavity (101) is not connected to the condenser (9), switch the second low-pressure cavity (101) to be connected to the condenser (9), and after the pressures of the second low-pressure cavity (101) and the condenser (9) are the same, the waste heat recuperation working fluid flows into the second low-pressure cavity (101) and accumulates; The accumulation process of the waste heat recuperation working fluid in the high-pressure cavity (102) includes the following steps: When the low-pressure cavity (101) is not connected to the condenser (9), the fourth gas working fluid inlet of the low-pressure cavity (101) is connected to the fourth gas working fluid outlet of the high-pressure cavity (102), so that the pressures of the low-pressure cavity (101) and the high-pressure cavity (102) are the same, and the waste heat recuperation working fluid flows into the high-pressure cavity (102) from the low-pressure cavity (101) under the action of gravity; The heat absorption and pressure increase process of the waste heat recuperation working fluid in the high-pressure cavity (102) includes the following steps: All the valves connected to the high-pressure cavity (102) are in the closed state, and the high-pressure cavity (102) is heat-exchanged by using the latent heat recuperation of condensation / absorption, dissipated steam, and the waste heat at the end of the fuel cell 1 tail gas. The waste heat recuperation working fluid inside the high-pressure cavity (102) begins to absorb waste heat to achieve temperature increase and pressure increase; The outflow process of the waste heat recuperation working fluid in the high-pressure cavity (102) includes the following steps: When the fourth liquid working fluid outlet of the first high-pressure cavity (102) is in a connected state with the fifth gas working fluid outlet of the flow regulation cavity (103), after the pressures of the first high-pressure cavity (102) and the flow regulation cavity (103) are the same, the pressurized high-pressure gas-liquid mixed working fluid flows into the flow regulation cavity (103); When the first high-pressure cavity (102) is not connected to the flow regulation cavity (103), switch the second high-pressure cavity (102) to be connected to the flow regulation cavity (103).

7. The multi-stage deep regenerative and recuperative ammonia energy storage - power generation combined cycle system according to claim 1, wherein A plurality of solenoid valves (10) for switching are arranged on the connecting pipeline of the multi-stage deep heat recuperation and mass return ammonia-based energy storage-power generation combined cycle system, and the turbine (7) is connected to a generator (8).

8. The multi-stage deep regenerative and recuperative ammonia energy storage - power generation combined cycle system according to claim 1, wherein The ammonia storage / hydrogen production composite module (2) is arranged in parallel with the evaporator (5). The waste gas output end of the fuel cell (1) is respectively communicated with the input ends of the ammonia storage / hydrogen production composite module (2) and the evaporator (5). The input end of the flow regulation cavity (103) is respectively communicated with the output ends of the ammonia storage / hydrogen production composite module (2) and the evaporator (5).

9. A method for operating a multi-stage deep regenerative and recuperative ammonia energy storage - power generation combined cycle system, characterized in that, Applied to the multi-stage deep heat recuperation and mass return ammonia-based energy storage-power generation combined cycle system according to any one of claims 1-7, it includes the following steps: Step S1, the tail gas of the fuel cell (1) drives the ammonia storage / hydrogen production composite module (2) to realize the ammonia desorption of the solid amino material and the process of ammonia decomposition for hydrogen production; Step S2, the tail gas flowing out of the ammonia storage / hydrogen production composite module (2) passes through the evaporator (5), causing the liquid working medium in the evaporator (5) to evaporate into a gas-liquid mixed working medium; Step S3, the tail gas flowing out of the evaporator (5) drives the flow regulation cavity (103) in the hybrid thermally self-driven pump module (3), causing the liquid working medium in the flow regulation cavity (103) to absorb heat and evaporate into a gas-liquid mixed working medium; Step S4, the tail gas flowing out of the flow regulation cavity (103) in the hybrid thermally self-driven pump module (3) drives the high-pressure cavity (102) in the hybrid thermally self-driven pump module (3), causing the liquid working medium in the high-pressure cavity (102) to absorb heat and increase in pressure; Step S5, the tail gas flowing out of the high-pressure cavity (102) is discharged to the external environment.

10. A method for operating a multi-stage deep regenerative and recuperative ammonia energy storage - power generation combined cycle system, characterized in that, Applied to the multi-stage deep heat and mass regeneration amino energy storage-power generation composite cycle system described in claim 8, including the following steps: Step S1, a part of the tail gas of the fuel cell (1) drives the ammonia storage / hydrogen production composite module (2) to realize the ammonia desorption of the solid amino material and the process of ammonia decomposition for hydrogen production; Step S2, the remaining part of the tail gas of the fuel cell (1) drives the evaporator (5), causing the liquid working medium in the evaporator (5) to evaporate into a gas-liquid mixed working medium; Step S3, the tail gas flowing out of the evaporator (5) drives the flow regulation cavity (103) in the hybrid thermally self-driven pump module (3), causing the liquid working medium in the flow regulation cavity (103) to absorb heat and evaporate into a gas-liquid mixed working medium; Step S4, the tail gas flowing out of the flow regulation cavity (103) in the hybrid thermally self-driven pump module (3) drives the high-pressure cavity (102) in the hybrid thermally self-driven pump module (3), causing the liquid working medium in the high-pressure cavity (102) to absorb heat and increase in pressure; Step S5, the tail gas flowing out of the high-pressure cavity (102) is discharged to the external environment.

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