Transportable hydrogen storage equipment

Abstract

A transportable hydrogen storage device belongs to the field of hydrogen storage and transportation. The transportable hydrogen storage device includes: a sealed shell with a cavity formed therein; a plurality of limiting gas guide rods arranged inside the cavity; a hydrogen transmission channel formed inside the limiting gas guide rod, with a plurality of air outlet holes provided on the surface; a hydrogen input and output interface connected to the hydrogen transmission channel; wherein the limiting gas guide rod can be penetrated by a plurality of solid hydrogen storage materials. The transportable hydrogen storage device of the present invention uses the limiting gas guide rod as both a limiting element and a gas transmission element, which can reduce the degree of wear between materials and between materials and buffer elements during transportation, reduce the loss of hydrogen storage medium, and at the same time increase the hydrogen filling and release rate, making transportation convenient and safe.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of hydrogen storage and transportation, and in particular to a transportable hydrogen storage device. Background Art

[0002] Solid-state hydrogen storage technology has been an important research direction in the hydrogen energy field in the past two years. It has significant advantages over traditional high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage and low-temperature liquid hydrogen storage in terms of safety, economy, and hydrogen storage density. It has shown broad application potential, especially in the fields of automotive hydrogen energy, long-distance transportation, and large-scale energy storage.

[0003] Solid-state hydrogen storage technology stores hydrogen in solid materials through physical adsorption or chemical reaction. Compared with traditional high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage and low-temperature liquid hydrogen storage methods, its significant advantages are reflected in the following aspects: (1) High hydrogen storage density: The hydrogen storage density of magnesium-based solid-state hydrogen storage materials can reach more than 6.4wt%, and the capacity of a single hydrogen storage tank is as high as 1 ton, which is much higher than traditional hydrogen storage methods. (2) High safety: The stability of solid-state hydrogen storage materials enables safe storage of hydrogen at room temperature and pressure, reducing the risks during transportation and use. (3) Good economy: It eliminates the complex compression or cryogenic process, reducing equipment costs and energy consumption. (4) Strong environmental adaptability: It has low requirements for ambient temperature and pressure and is suitable for a variety of application scenarios.

[0004] Because of these advantages, solid-state hydrogen storage technology has become a hot topic in current research, especially magnesium-based solid-state hydrogen storage technology, which has entered the commercial application stage and achieved breakthroughs in many fields. However, as a highly promising hydrogen storage and transportation solution, magnesium-based solid-state hydrogen storage technology has significant advantages in terms of safety, hydrogen storage density and normal temperature and pressure operation, but it has not yet become the main means of transporting hydrogen on vehicles. The main reasons include the following aspects: (1) On-vehicle gas storage equipment needs to fully consider the crash resistance and equipment safety of hydrogen storage materials. Compared with fixed hydrogen storage equipment, powder, small particles and other hydrogen storage materials cannot be used because they are easy to collide and crush, resulting in gas pipeline blockage and induce accidents, or hydrogen storage materials are lost due to airflow; (2) On-vehicle hydrogen storage equipment must also take into account the convenience of hydrogen charging and release. Magnesium-based solid-state hydrogen storage materials (such as MgH2) reach a temperature of 300℃ and a pressure of 1~5 MPa during hydrogen charging. When releasing hydrogen, it needs to reach a high temperature of more than 300℃. The hydrogen release temperature is high and the kinetics are slow, which requires the storage and transportation equipment to be able to withstand high temperature and high pressure. (3) On-board hydrogen storage equipment needs to fully improve its transportation capacity. If magnesium-based solid-state hydrogen storage technology is used, it is required to store as much hydrogen as possible per unit volume. This contradicts the above-mentioned point (1) because it is well known in the art that the smaller the particle volume of magnesium-based solid-state hydrogen storage material, the larger the surface area, the greater the hydrogen storage density and hydrogen release rate.

[0005] In summary, in order to better improve the efficiency and safety of on-vehicle hydrogen transportation, it is urgent to develop a transportable hydrogen storage device to at least partially solve the current defects and shortcomings. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of this, the main purpose of the present invention is to provide a transportable hydrogen storage device, in order to at least partially solve the above technical problems.

[0007] In order to achieve the above objectives, the present invention proposes a transportable hydrogen storage device, comprising:

[0008] a sealed housing with a cavity formed therein;

[0009] A plurality of position-limiting gas guide rods are provided inside the cavity, and a plurality of solid hydrogen storage materials can be passed through the position-limiting gas guide rods; a hydrogen delivery channel is formed inside the position-limiting gas guide rods, and a plurality of gas outlet holes are provided on the surface of the position-limiting gas guide rods, which can deliver hydrogen to the interior of the solid hydrogen storage material passed through the position-limiting gas guide rods;

[0010] The hydrogen input and output interface is provided on the sealed housing and is communicated with the hydrogen delivery channel inside the limiting gas guide rod.

[0011] Based on the above technical solutions, it can be seen that the transportable hydrogen storage device of the present invention has at least one of the following beneficial effects compared to the prior art:

[0012] 1. The transportable hydrogen storage device of the present invention uses the limiting gas guide rod as both a limiting element and a gas transmission element, thereby reducing wear between materials and between materials and buffer elements during transportation, avoiding loss of hydrogen storage medium, and directly inputting hydrogen from the inside during gas transmission, thereby increasing the hydrogen charging and release rate;

[0013] 2. Since the transportable hydrogen storage device of the present invention uses solid hydrogen storage materials and does not require internal heating elements, the sealed housing can be made very thin, reducing material costs and empty transport weight, and improving transportation efficiency;

[0014] 3. The transportable hydrogen storage device of the present invention optimizes the design of the tank and hydrogen delivery pipeline, has fast hydrogen filling and release, and high hydrogen storage efficiency. When a square cylinder is selected, the hydrogen storage density is maximized, and transportation is convenient and safe. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments.

[0016] Figure 1A is a structural perspective view of a transportable hydrogen storage device according to the present invention;

[0017] Figure 1B yes Figure 1A A partial enlarged view of the AA area in the structural perspective diagram;

[0018] Figure 2 is a perspective view of a solid-state hydrogen storage material according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 3 is a perspective view of a solid hydrogen storage material according to another embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 4 This is a perspective schematic diagram of an embodiment of a transportable hydrogen storage device of the present invention in which a branch pipeline is provided on a limiting gas guide rod;

[0021] Figure 5 It is a radial cross-sectional schematic diagram of an embodiment of a three-part arrangement of the solid-state hydrogen storage material of the present invention.

[0022] In the above drawings, the meanings of the reference numerals are as follows:

[0023] 1. Head; 2. Tank body; 2-1. Tank body cylinder; 2-2. Tank body port; 3. Limiting gas guide rod; 3-1 Limiting gas guide rod tube; 3-2. Limiting gas guide rod end plate; 3-3. Gas outlet; 4. Solid hydrogen storage material; 4-1. Through hole; 5. Buffer material; 6. Sealing gasket; 7. Branch pipe; 8. Conversion joint; 9. Valve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0025] The terms used in the present invention are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. The singular forms "a", "an", "the" and "the" used in the embodiments of the present invention and the appended claims are also intended to include plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0026] In the present invention, some terms have the following meanings:

[0027] The main surface refers to the most important surface among all surfaces of a three-dimensional structure, usually the surface with the largest area or the surface that best reflects the characteristics or functions of the three-dimensional structure.

[0028] Geometric diameter, usually refers to the maximum width of an irregular shape, that is, the maximum distance between any two points within the shape. For example, for a convex closed curve, the diameter can be defined by measuring the maximum distance between two points within the shape.

[0029] The inner diameter, for a circular cross-section, is the diameter of the circle, while for a non-circular cross-section, it refers to the maximum geometric dimension of the inner boundary of the cross-section.

[0030] Minimal Circumscribed Circle Diameter: Find the smallest circle that can completely enclose the irregular shape and use the diameter of that circle to represent the diameter of the shape.

[0031] Aspect ratio, the ratio of height to the minimum circumscribed circle diameter of the surface in the direction perpendicular to the height, that is, the ratio of height to diameter.

[0032] In the present invention, for ease of description, the two opposing principal surfaces are disposed on the XY plane, and the maximum distance between the two principal surfaces, i.e., the thickness, is disposed in the Z-axis direction. Therefore, the two principal surfaces are referred to as the upper and lower surfaces, and the other surfaces surrounding the two principal surfaces are referred to as side surfaces.

[0033] At present, solid-state hydrogen storage technology is developing rapidly, and has excellent performance in both fixed hydrogen storage equipment and hydrogen production equipment. However, hydrogen storage equipment used for vehicle transportation is still mainly high-pressure gaseous or liquid hydrogen storage equipment. After careful analysis of the deficiencies of the existing technology, and through in-depth research on theoretical calculations, simulation experiments and measured data, the inventors found that by limiting the shape of solid-state hydrogen storage materials and combining them with specific hydrogen storage tank designs, it is possible to solve both the safety of hydrogen transportation and the problem of rapid hydrogen filling and release. Therefore, if Figure 1A and Figure 1B As shown, the inventors have proposed a transportable hydrogen storage device, comprising:

[0034] The sealed shell, i.e. the tank body 2, has a cavity formed therein; in a preferred embodiment, a sealing head 1 is formed at one end thereof, and a plug is formed at the other end through a sealing gasket 6, a conversion joint 8 is provided on it, and it is connected to the external hydrogen pipeline through a valve 9.

[0035] A plurality of limiting gas guide rods 3 are arranged inside the cavity, and a plurality of solid hydrogen storage materials 4 can be passed through the limiting gas guide rods 3; a hydrogen delivery channel is formed inside the limiting gas guide rod 3, and a plurality of gas outlet holes 3-3 are provided on the surface, which can deliver hydrogen to the interior of the solid hydrogen storage material 4 passed through it; in a preferred embodiment, the limiting gas guide rod 3 also includes a limiting gas guide rod tube body 3-1 and a limiting gas guide rod end plate 3-2.

[0036] The hydrogen input and output interface, namely the conversion joint 8 , is provided on the sealed housing and is communicated with the hydrogen delivery channel inside the limiting gas guide rod 3 .

[0037] Therefore, the limiting gas guide rod 3 can not only fix the solid hydrogen storage material 4 to prevent its radial and axial displacement, but also directly transport hydrogen to the interior of the solid hydrogen storage material 4 through the internal hydrogen transport channel, thereby increasing the rate of hydrogen charging and release.

[0038] The limiting air guide rods 3 may be, for example, multiple rods arranged in parallel, or may be only one rod located in the middle of the cavity.

[0039] The sealed enclosure (i.e., tank 2) differs significantly from conventional solid-state hydrogen storage tanks in that the hydrogen storage device of the present invention is designed for transportation. The tank itself does not function as a reactor, so it does not need to withstand pressure and can be significantly thinner, making transportation more convenient and safer. This is also a characteristic of solid-state hydrogen storage materials: the stored hydrogen remains very stable and highly safe until heated to temperatures above 300°C. Therefore, the thickness of the sealed enclosure of the present invention is, for example, 0.5 to 2 mm. The sealed enclosure can be made of, for example, engineering plastics such as polycarbonate (PC) or polyetheretherketone (PEEK), or single elements or alloys of aluminum or iron, such as ordinary aluminum, aviation aluminum, ordinary steel, or stainless steel. Since the transportable hydrogen storage device of the present invention does not include internal heating elements such as heating wires, the sealed enclosure must be able to conduct heat, raising the internal temperature to above 300°C through external heating. Therefore, when using engineering plastics, a heat conduction channel is preferably provided through the hydrogen transport pipeline to direct heat generated by the external heating device into the transportable hydrogen storage device. When the sealed enclosure is made of aluminum, iron, or an alloy, there's no need for a separate heat conduction channel. Since hydrogen is typically charged under pressure (e.g., around 3 MPa) and released at atmospheric pressure, the sealed enclosure can withstand normal hydrogen pressures and can therefore be made relatively thin. Consequently, the sealed enclosure lacks a heating element and is typically used solely for storage and transportation. When hydrogen is released, it's heated using external heating equipment.

[0040] Among them, the sealed shell is welded after being filled with the solid hydrogen storage material 4, that is, the head 1 is connected to the tank body 2 by welding, thereby forming a disposable hydrogen storage device; or an operating port for replacing the internal solid hydrogen storage material 4 can be provided thereon, for example, the head 1 is set to a detachable pressure-resistant mode, which not only ensures its sealing requirements, but also enables the inner core therein to be replaced after it is recycled several times (generally more than 1000 to 1500 times), thereby extending the service life of the sealed shell.

[0041] The cross-sectional diameter (inner diameter) of the internal cavity of the transportable hydrogen storage device is in the range of 6.2 to 30 cm. Preferably, the cross-sectional shape of the transportable hydrogen storage device conforms to axisymmetry, rotational symmetry, or central symmetry, for example; and / or, the cross-sectional diameter of the internal cavity of the transportable hydrogen storage device is in the range of 6.2 to 22 cm. Further preferably, the cross-sectional shape of the transportable hydrogen storage device is selected from a regular polygon, a circular racetrack, a circle, or an ellipse, preferably a square and a circle; and / or, the cross-sectional diameter of the internal cavity of the transportable hydrogen storage device is in the range of 8.2 to 16 cm.

[0042] Preferably, the internal volume of the transportable hydrogen storage device is, for example, less than or equal to 0.1 m³, preferably less than or equal to 0.05 m³, and further preferably less than or equal to 0.03 m³.

[0043] The transportable hydrogen storage equipment can be loaded onto freight vehicles, trains, ships or airplanes by stacking or special shelves, thereby realizing efficient transfer in batches.

[0044] The outlet hole 3-3 on the limiting gas guide rod 3 is, for example, a circular hole with a diameter in the range of 0.1 to 1 cm, or a strip or elliptical hole with a minor axis width in the range of 0.1 to 1 cm. This can reduce the loss of effective hydrogen storage medium caused by crushed solid hydrogen storage material 4 entering the hydrogen transport channel through the outlet hole 3-3. Preferably, the outlet hole 3-3 has a width / length ratio (equivalent to minor axis / major axis ratio for an elliptical or racetrack-shaped hole) of less than or equal to 1:3, and more preferably less than 1:5.

[0045] The limiting gas guide rod 3 may also include, for example, several branch pipes 7 extending radially, and corresponding through-holes 4-1 or blind holes are formed at corresponding locations on the solid hydrogen storage material 4 to accommodate the branch pipes 7. This allows hydrogen transported from the hydrogen transport channel to be more efficiently delivered to the interior of the solid hydrogen storage material 4, ensuring the rate of hydrogen charging and release. The branch pipes may be arranged at equal intervals within a plane, or they may be arranged in different planes and appropriately staggered, as long as the solid hydrogen storage material 4 is easily installed and secured.

[0046] When the limiting gas guide rod 3 includes a branch pipe 7, the three-dimensional structure formed by the solid hydrogen storage material 4 alone cannot be directly mounted on the limiting gas guide rod 3 due to the lateral obstruction of the branch pipe 7. At this time, the three-dimensional structure formed by the solid hydrogen storage material 4 can be divided into 2-5 parts, each of which is radially passed through the branch pipe 7 of the limiting gas guide rod 3, and the three-dimensional structure is formed after the positions are aligned. Preferably, the 2-5 parts of solid hydrogen storage material 4 are, for example, 2-5 parts of the three-dimensional structure divided by the middle through hole, and more preferably, they are evenly divided. At this time, each part of the solid hydrogen storage material 4 is provided with one or more through holes 4-1 or blind holes in the direction of the limiting gas guide rod 3 to accommodate the branch pipe 7 extending into the interior of each part of the solid hydrogen storage material 4. In a preferred embodiment, as Figure 4 As shown, the limiting gas guide rod 3 includes, for example, three branch pipes 7 extending radially at a 120° angle. The limiting gas guide rod 3 is provided with a flat, oval-shaped outlet hole 3-3, while the branch pipes 7 are provided with a flat, elongated outlet hole 3-3. Thus, each portion of solid hydrogen storage material 4 is provided with a blind hole on the side of the limiting gas guide rod 3 with the outlet hole 3-3, which is capable of accommodating the branch pipes 7 (gray portion) extending radially from the limiting gas guide rod 3.

[0047] At least one end of the limiting gas guide rod 3 is provided with a buffer element 5 for abutting and buffering the expansion of the solid hydrogen storage material 4. The buffer element 5 is, for example, a spring or a deformable elastic material (such as metal foam), preferably a spring, because the entire hydrogen storage device needs to be heated to above 300°C during the hydrogen release process, and deformable elastic materials are prone to aging and failure due to repeated heating.

[0048] To further illustrate the solution of the present invention, Figure 2 、 3 As shown, the solid hydrogen storage material 4 used in the transportable hydrogen storage device of the present invention has the following characteristics:

[0049] The solid hydrogen storage material 4, alone or in combination, forms a three-dimensional structure having two main surfaces facing each other. The two main surfaces include an upper surface and a lower surface, and the areas of the two surfaces can be the same or different, but both meet the diameter size requirements described below. Figure 2 As shown, it is the main surface of the square, such as Figure 3 As shown, the main surface is circular. The present invention does not specifically limit the surface other than the main surface. For example, it can be multiple side faces of a polygon, the entire arc-shaped side face of a cylinder, or an irregular shape. To facilitate processing and reduce damage to the container's inner wall, the side faces are preferably the arc-shaped faces of an (elliptical) cylinder or the four rectangular faces of a cube.

[0050] The minimum circumscribed diameter of the two main surfaces of the three-dimensional structure formed by the solid hydrogen storage materials 4, either alone or in combination, is, for example, in the range of 6 to 25 cm. The purpose of setting this minimum circumscribed diameter is to limit the size of the solid hydrogen storage materials 4. If it is too small, they are prone to collision and shattering, resulting in powder blocking the gas pipeline or leakage of the effective hydrogen storage medium with the gas flow. If it is too large, it may increase the risk of accidents, as the vehicle-mounted container may become a bomb in the event of a violent collision. The larger the hydrogen storage volume, the greater the risk of flash explosion and violent combustion and explosion. After careful calculation, it was determined that a minimum circumscribed diameter of 6 to 25 cm is optimal. Preferably, the minimum circumscribed diameter of the two main surfaces of the three-dimensional structure is, for example, 6 to 20 cm, more preferably 8 to 15 cm. Based on this, it can also be calculated that the cross-sectional diameter of the transportable hydrogen storage device of the present invention is in the range of 6.2 to 30 cm, preferably 6.2 to 22 cm, and more preferably 8.2 to 16 cm.

[0051] The thickness of the three-dimensional structure is, for example, 1 to 5 cm; it is also obtained through careful calculations and simulation experiments. Preferably, the thickness of the three-dimensional structure is, for example, 1.5 to 4.5 cm, and more preferably 2 to 4 cm. In some cases, the three-dimensional structure is, for example, composed of multiple pieces of materials with a thickness of less than 1 cm compressed or stacked for use. Such a design can meet the requirements of the present invention when used less frequently, but when hydrogen is repeatedly charged and released, the expansion between different stacks may be asynchronous, resulting in possible delamination and peeling, which aggravates the collision of different layers during transportation and makes it easier to break. Therefore, this design meets the basic requirements, but is not the best choice. In other words, under normal circumstances, the three-dimensional structure of the present invention includes the situation where multiple pieces of materials with a thickness of less than 1 cm are compressed or stacked for use, but if it is necessary to emphasize the service life, the three-dimensional structure of the present invention preferably does not include this form, and the thickness of a single piece is required to meet the numerical range of 1 to 5 cm.

[0052] One or more through-holes 4-1 are formed between the two main surfaces of the three-dimensional structure formed by the solid hydrogen storage material 4, either alone or in combination. The through-holes 4-1 can be used to pass through the limiting gas guide rods 3 for limiting position, or can serve as airflow channels, allowing hydrogen gas to directly reach the interior of the solid hydrogen storage material 4, thereby reducing the hydrogen penetration distance and increasing the hydrogen charging and release rate.

[0053] Among them, the shape of at least one of the two main surfaces of the three-dimensional structure conforms to axial symmetry, rotational symmetry or central symmetry, and the shapes of the upper and lower surfaces can be completely consistent or slightly different, but it must be ensured that the side surfaces of the three-dimensional structure can be conveniently accommodated in the cavity of the hydrogen storage device.

[0054] The specific material composition of the solid-state hydrogen storage material 4 is not limited and can be various existing magnesium elements or magnesium alloys with excellent performance, or other aluminum-based or rare earth solid-state hydrogen storage materials. Preferably, the magnesium content is greater than 50% to ensure that magnesium is the primary element for hydrogen storage. Examples of magnesium-based hydrogen storage materials include pure magnesium, transition metal-doped magnesium-based materials, Mg-Ni alloys, and Mg-Ni-RE alloys.

[0055] The two main surfaces of the three-dimensional structure formed by the solid hydrogen storage material 4, either alone or in combination, are, for example, planes, or have concave-convex or wavy structures on the plane, to facilitate vertical engagement and positioning, and reduce left-right shaking. When multiple three-dimensional structures are stacked on top of each other, with any outermost end contacting the inner wall of the cavity via the buffer element 5, rather than each three-dimensional structure being connected to each other via a buffer element, each of the three-dimensional structures is also required to be able to be stacked up and down. Thus, when the lower surface of a three-dimensional structure is wavy, the upper surface of the three-dimensional structure stacked below it needs to be a matching wavy shape. Whether the lower surface of the three-dimensional structure stacked below it is wavy or not is not limited, as long as it matches the shape of the upper surface of the corresponding three-dimensional structure below it.

[0056] Among them, the one or more through holes 4-1 include at least one main hole, the minimum circumscribed circle diameter of which is between 0.5 and 5 cm, or relative to the total area of ​​the main surface where it is located, the area of ​​the at least one main hole accounts for 1% to 25% of the total area of ​​the main surface where it is located, and can be passed through the limiting air guide rod 3 with the air outlet 3-3.

[0057] Among them, when a three-dimensional structure is formed by combining multiple portions of solid hydrogen storage materials 4, each solid hydrogen storage material 4 is provided with one or more through holes 4-1 or blind holes on the side facing the limiting gas guide rod 3 with the air outlet hole 3-3, which can accommodate the branch pipe 7 radially extending from the limiting gas guide rod 3. Due to the lateral obstruction of the branch pipe 7, the three-dimensional structure formed by the solid hydrogen storage material 4 cannot be directly mounted on the limiting gas guide rod 3. At this time, the three-dimensional structure formed by the solid hydrogen storage material 4 can be divided into 2 to 5 parts, and each part is respectively passed through the branch pipe 7 of the limiting gas guide rod 3 in the radial direction, and the three-dimensional structure is formed after the positions are aligned. Preferably, the 2 to 5 parts of solid hydrogen storage materials 4 are, for example, 2 to 5 parts of the three-dimensional structure cut through the middle through hole, and more preferably, they are evenly divided. In a preferred embodiment, as Figure 5 As shown, Figure 5It is a radial cross-sectional diagram of an embodiment of the solid-state hydrogen storage material 4 of the present invention divided into three equal parts. The three parts of the solid-state hydrogen storage material 4 constitute the three-dimensional structure, and the three parts are evenly divided through the center point. A blind hole is provided on the side of each part of the solid-state hydrogen storage material 4 facing the limiting gas guide rod 3 with the air outlet hole 3-3, which can accommodate the branch pipe 7 (gray part) radially extending from the limiting gas guide rod 3.

[0058] The transportable hydrogen storage device of the present invention may further include a heating supporting device, which can accommodate the transportable hydrogen storage device, and is surrounded by a heating wire to heat the transportable hydrogen storage device to above 300°C, and is provided with a hydrogen input and output device connected to the hydrogen input and output interface on the transportable hydrogen storage device.

[0059] In a preferred embodiment, as shown in FIG1 , the transportable hydrogen storage device of the present invention is mainly used for storing and transporting solid-state hydrogen storage materials, wherein the tank body cylinder is welded to the tank body port to form the tank body 2; the gas duct body 3-1 is welded to the gas duct end plate 3-2 to form the gas duct 3; the head 1 is connected to the tank body 2 by threads, so that the failed solid-state hydrogen storage material contained therein can be disassembled and replaced; the tank body 2 is connected to the blind plate by threads, and a sealing gasket 6 is placed in the blind plate; and the valve 9 is connected to the blind plate via a conversion joint 8.

[0060] The transportable hydrogen storage device of the present invention is divided into the following steps when in use:

[0061] ① Material loading: First, connect the valve 9 to the conversion joint 8 and the blind plate in sequence, and connect the connected assembly to the tank body 2. Install the sealing gasket 6 during connection to ensure that the medium inside the tank body does not leak. Then place the air duct 3 in the tank body 2, and then load the solid hydrogen storage material 4 and the buffer element 5. After the solid hydrogen storage material 4 and the buffer element 5 are loaded, connect the head 1 to the tank body 2. The thread seal can be sealed by winding raw tape, applying thread glue, etc. The above steps are the material loading process.

[0062] ② Replacement process: During the material filling process, a certain amount of air will enter the tank and needs to be replaced. The replacement can be carried out by vacuum replacement method, pressure replacement method, etc. At this time, open valve 9, and the rear end of valve 9 can be connected to the vacuum equipment, or it can be connected to the nitrogen bottle (or other inert gas) for vacuum replacement or pressure replacement. After the replacement, the gas composition in the tank is detected.

[0063] ③Transportation process: Transport the transportable hydrogen storage equipment as a whole to the designated site.

[0064] ④ Hydrogen charging and release process: The transportable hydrogen storage equipment is placed in the reactor as a whole, the blind plate, sealing gasket 6, conversion joint 8, and valve 9 are removed, and the hydrogen charging and release work is completed through the external thermal management system.

[0065] The present invention will be further described below through specific examples. It should be noted that the following examples are merely illustrative and are not intended to limit the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention shown below, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work are within the scope of protection of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0066] Specific experimental methods

[0067] 1. The degree of collision wear and powderization of various shapes and sizes

[0068] Coefficient of friction: The ratio of the friction between two surfaces to the perpendicular force acting on one surface. The taller and larger the diameter of the magnesium cake (ingot), the greater the coefficient of friction, the less likely it is to slide, and the fewer collisions it will experience. Refer to "Test Method for Coefficient of Friction of Thin Plates and Strips of Metallic Materials," standard number YB / T4286-2012.

[0069] Solid-state hydrogen storage materials expand during hydrogen absorption, generating expansion stress within the material. This in turn can cause cracks to initiate, leading to material breakage or even pulverization. Collisions during transportation can cause crack propagation, exacerbating breakage and pulverization. The extent of material breakage and pulverization can be measured using weighing methods.

[0070] 2. Hydrogen charging and releasing rate

[0071] The hydrogen charge and release rate can be measured using a Sieverts device to measure the amount of hydrogen released per unit mass of material per unit time. The testing process can be referenced in the national standard "Rare Earth Hydrogen Storage Alloys for Solid-State Hydrogen Storage," GB / T 44754-2024. For larger materials, the charge and release rate is related to heat and mass transfer.

[0072] 3. Radial thermal resistance and axial thermal resistance

[0073] Axial thermal resistance , where is the heat transfer distance, is the thermal conductivity, The larger the magnesium cake, the longer the heat transfer distance, the greater the thermal resistance, and the slower the heat transfer. This can be tested using an interface material thermal conductivity and thermal resistance meter.

[0074] Radial thermal resistance .

[0075] 4. Gas pressure drop between main surfaces per unit area

[0076] The gas pressure drop per unit area between the main surfaces represents the ease with which gas diffuses within the material. The greater the distance between the two main surfaces of the magnesium cake, the greater the gas pressure drop, indicating that it is more difficult for gas to penetrate the material. This can be measured using a permeability tester.

[0077] 5. Hydrogen storage density per unit volume

[0078] The volumetric hydrogen storage density is related to the magnesium cake's manufacturing process. Assuming the magnesium cake is compacted using a briquetting machine, the higher the compaction pressure, the greater the volumetric hydrogen storage density. The volumetric hydrogen storage density can be determined by measuring the hydrogen storage capacity using a Sieverts apparatus and then dividing it by the volume.

[0079] 6. Density uniformity

[0080] Uniform block density leads to more uniform block performance. The greater the block height, the greater the density difference; the larger the block diameter, the smaller the density difference. To ensure uniform density, the block's height-to-diameter ratio should be reduced. The density of the compact can be determined by cutting the block axially, measuring the hardness distribution along the cross-section, and then converting the hardness value into density using a standard curve.

[0081] Specific experimental steps

[0082] Example 1

[0083] The transportable hydrogen storage equipment of this embodiment includes:

[0084] a sealed housing with a cavity formed therein;

[0085] A limiting gas guide rod is provided inside the cavity; a hydrogen delivery channel is formed inside the limiting gas guide rod, and a plurality of gas outlet holes are provided on the surface of the limiting gas guide rod, which can deliver hydrogen to the interior of the solid hydrogen storage material passing through the limiting gas guide rod;

[0086] The hydrogen input and output interface is provided on the sealed housing and is communicated with the hydrogen delivery channel inside the limiting gas guide rod.

[0087] The solid-state hydrogen storage material is a square cylinder with a square main surface, a minimum circumscribed circle diameter of 6 cm, and a thickness of 1 cm. A through hole with a diameter of 1 cm is formed in the center of the main surface.

[0088] Examples 2-14

[0089] The specific solution is the same as that in Example 1, except that the parameters shown in Table 1 below are different, and the solid-state hydrogen storage material in Examples 1-12 is magnesium-aluminum alloy, while the solid-state hydrogen storage material in Examples 13 and 14 is magnesium-rare earth alloy.

[0090] The specific experimental data (partially using simulation data) of the above embodiments 1-14 are also shown in Table 1 below.

[0091] Table 1 Specific parameter settings and experimental (simulation) results of Examples 1-14

[0092]

[0093] Comparative Examples 1-10

[0094] The specific solution is the same as Example 1, except that the parameters shown in Table 2 below are different, and the solid hydrogen storage material in Comparative Examples 1-9 uses magnesium-aluminum alloy, while the solid hydrogen storage material in Comparative Example 10 uses magnesium-rare earth alloy.

[0095] The specific experimental data (partially using simulation data) of the above comparative examples 1-10 are also shown in Table 2 below.

[0096] Table 2 Specific parameter settings and experimental (simulation) results of comparative examples 1-10

[0097]

[0098] The above comparative study reveals that the transportable hydrogen storage device of the present invention can effectively comply with various transportation regulations and ensure transportation safety. While traditional powdered solid hydrogen storage materials offer high charging and release rates, they easily shift after pulverization, leading to safety hazards and loss of effective storage medium, and failing to comply with transportation regulations. Solid hydrogen storage materials with minimum circumscribed diameters less than 5 cm and greater than 30 cm, or lacking through-hole structures, are inferior to the tank structure of the present invention in terms of charging and releasing rates and frictional stability (safety). Further experimental research also demonstrates that by limiting the numerical ranges of diameter and thickness, and by coordinating the placement of through-holes in the limiting gas guide rod, regardless of the specific material of the hydrogen storage medium, the charging and releasing rates and storage density can be further improved while ensuring safety, achieving a balance between safe transportation and high charging and releasing rates. Further adjustments to the proportion of the main surface occupied by the through-holes and the shape and distribution of the outlet holes on the limiting gas guide rod of the hydrogen storage device can achieve even better technical results.

[0099] In the description of the present invention, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In the present invention, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art can combine and combine different embodiments or examples described in the present invention and features of different embodiments or examples without contradiction.

[0100] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood to indicate or imply relative importance or implicitly specify the number of the technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of such features. In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, "plurality" means at least two, for example, two, three, etc., unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0101] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A transportable hydrogen storage device, characterized in that: include: A sealed housing having a cavity formed therein; wherein the thickness x of the sealed housing satisfies 0.5 mm ≤ x < 2 mm, and the sealed housing is made of engineering plastic, aluminum or its alloy, or iron or its alloy; and no heating element is provided inside the sealed housing; Solid hydrogen storage materials, alone or in combination, forming a three-dimensional structure having two main surfaces facing each other; A plurality of limiting gas guide rods are provided inside the cavity, and a plurality of the solid hydrogen storage materials can be passed through each limiting gas guide rod; a hydrogen delivery channel is formed inside each limiting gas guide rod, and a plurality of gas outlet holes are provided on the surface, which can deliver hydrogen to the interior of the solid hydrogen storage material passed through it, or transport it out from the interior; the limiting gas guide rod is also provided with a plurality of branch pipes in the radial direction, and a plurality of gas outlet holes are provided on the branch pipes, which can deliver hydrogen to the interior of the solid hydrogen storage material passed through it, or transport it out from the interior; The hydrogen input and output interfaces are arranged on the sealed housing and are communicated with the hydrogen delivery channel inside the limiting gas guide rod and the hydrogen delivery channel inside the branch pipeline.

2. The transportable hydrogen storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sealed shell is provided with an operating port for replacing the internal solid hydrogen storage material.

3. The transportable hydrogen storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that: There is only one limiting air guide rod, which is located in the middle of the cavity.

4. The transportable hydrogen storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cross-sectional diameter of the internal cavity of the transportable hydrogen storage device is in the range of 6.2 to 30 cm; and / or The internal volume of the transportable hydrogen storage device is less than or equal to 0.1 m³.

5. The transportable hydrogen storage device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The cross-sectional shape of the transportable hydrogen storage device conforms to axial symmetry, rotational symmetry or central symmetry; and / or The cross-sectional diameter of the internal cavity of the transportable hydrogen storage device is in the range of 6.2 to 22 cm; and / or The internal volume of the transportable hydrogen storage device is less than or equal to 0.05 m³.

6. The transportable hydrogen storage device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The cross-sectional shape of the transportable hydrogen storage device is selected from a regular polygon, a circular racetrack, a circle or an ellipse; and / or The cross-sectional diameter of the internal cavity of the transportable hydrogen storage device is in the range of 8.2 to 16 cm; and / or The internal volume of the transportable hydrogen storage device is less than or equal to 0.03 m³.

7. The transportable hydrogen storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plurality of air outlet holes on the position-limiting air guide rod are circular holes with a diameter in the range of 0.1 to 1 cm, or long strip or elliptical holes with a short axis width in the range of 0.1 to 1 cm.

8. The transportable hydrogen storage device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The plurality of air outlet holes satisfy a width / length ratio less than or equal to 1:

3.

9. The transportable hydrogen storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that: At least one of the two ends of the position-limiting gas-guiding rod is provided with a buffer element for abutting and buffering the expansion of the solid hydrogen storage material.

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