A photovoltaic curtain wall ventilation system with a composite diversion and bionic fin heat exchange structure

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of photovoltaic curtain wall ventilation technology, and specifically discloses a photovoltaic curtain wall ventilation system with a composite guide and bionic fin heat exchange structure. In response to the technical defect of low heat dissipation efficiency of photovoltaic curtain walls in the prior art, this solution innovatively proposes a "thermal pressure driving layer-airflow strengthening layer-accelerated convection layer" composite ventilation structure. A solar heat collection type air intake grille with a perforated structure is provided at the bottom or bottom side of the curtain wall to actively increase the air intake temperature and form an initial thermal pressure gradient; a middle air intake grille is provided in the middle of the curtain wall, and an arc-shaped rain shield is arranged in the inner cavity of the curtain wall to replenish low-temperature air to the airflow space, and a Venturi effect can be formed in the inner cavity of the curtain wall, which has an intensifying and accelerating effect on the airflow and can also form a rainproof effect for the wall; a solar heat collection space is provided at the top of the curtain wall to actively increase the air temperature, establish a stable thermal pressure driving source, drive the accelerated outflow of air in the inner cavity of the curtain wall, and effectively solve the problem of efficiency attenuation of the photovoltaic curtain wall caused by heat accumulation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of green building curtain wall structures, and in particular to a heat exchange photovoltaic curtain wall ventilation system with a composite guide and bionic fin structure. Background Art

[0002] Photovoltaic curtain wall systems are an integrated solution combining building envelope structures and photovoltaic power generation. During hot summer months, the accumulation of excess heat from photovoltaic power generation raises the temperature of the panels, leading to a decrease in power generation efficiency. Existing photovoltaic curtain wall ventilation systems often utilize a single-channel passive ventilation structure. For example, Chinese invention patent CN114086700A discloses a photovoltaic curtain wall system for building facades. This system achieves heat convection solely through a single cavity between the photovoltaic panels and the wall. However, these systems suffer from the following drawbacks: ① The single airflow path lacks active heat collection and stratification acceleration mechanisms, leading to significant heat accumulation in high-temperature areas (such as the top of the photovoltaic panels). Testing has shown that traditional single-channel systems can only maintain a temperature difference of 5-8°C, resulting in insufficient thermal pressure driving force. ② In winter, heat recovery is ineffective, resulting in over 30% heat loss from the wall. ③ The system is not integrated with the building's thermal management system, resulting in inefficient heat utilization.

[0003] Furthermore, existing photovoltaic curtain wall systems often overlook their impact on the building itself when designed as a whole. For example, a photovoltaic curtain wall system with ventilation structures dissipates heat through the building walls, violating the concept of green building. Therefore, energy-saving design for green building curtain walls should not only consider the coordination of the external structure but also its compatibility with the application scenario. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present application provides a photovoltaic curtain wall ventilation system with a composite diversion and bionic fin heat exchange structure, which has a heat storage and ventilation switching mechanism, can form a reasonable air circulation path, and is compatible with the building body.

[0005] The technical solution of this application is as follows:

[0006] In the first aspect, the present application provides a bottom air intake photovoltaic curtain wall ventilation system, specifically a photovoltaic curtain wall ventilation system with a composite guide and bionic fin heat exchange structure, comprising a wall and an upper photovoltaic panel and a lower photovoltaic panel spaced apart on the outside of the wall, an air flow space being formed between the wall and the upper photovoltaic panel and the lower photovoltaic panel, and the wall being longitudinally extended from the lower structural beam and horizontally extended toward the interior of the building body at the top of the upper photovoltaic panel to form a heat collection space communicating with the interior of the building body between the top of the wall and the upper structural beam, the air flow space being communicated with the heat collection space, and characterized in that,

[0007] The lower end of the lower photovoltaic panel is connected to a lower air intake plate whose bottom edge is higher than the lower edge of the wall so that a lower air intake port communicating with the air flow space is formed below the lower air intake plate;

[0008] The lower photovoltaic panels and the upper photovoltaic panels are spaced apart and a middle air intake grille communicating with the airflow space is provided at the gap; the middle air intake grille can adopt NACA airfoil guide vanes with a leading edge radius of 0.5-30mm and a trailing edge angle of 5-15°. Wind tunnel tests have shown that the intake air velocity can be increased by 15-30% and the pressure loss can be reduced by 10-18%.

[0009] The top of the upper photovoltaic panel and the top of the heat collection space are respectively provided with a light-transmitting vertical plate and a light-transmitting cover plate for transmitting light to the heat collection space;

[0010] The heat collection space is provided with an air inlet plate and an air outlet at the top of the longitudinal wall and the middle and rear part of the horizontal wall respectively. The height of the air inlet plate is lower than the height of the air outlet and a heat absorbing plate core is set up at the top of the air inlet plate and the top of the air outlet.

[0011] Furthermore, the air intake plate includes a grille frame and an air intake grille stacked in the grille frame, a plurality of ventilation holes are arranged in a matrix on the surface of the air intake grille, and the air intake grille gradually rises from the air intake front end to the air intake rear end;

[0012] The air outlet comprises a grille frame and an air outlet grille stacked in the grille frame, wherein a plurality of ventilation holes are arranged in a matrix on the surface of the air outlet grille and the air outlet grille gradually rises from the front end of the air outlet to the rear end of the air outlet;

[0013] The heat-absorbing plate core is constructed with staggered first and second trapezoidal fins, along with transitional fins connecting the first and second trapezoidal fins. This structure features a progressive bionic design. The first trapezoidal fins are lower than the second trapezoidal fins, and ventilation holes are arranged in a matrix on the surfaces of the first and transitional fins. This structure increases the heat absorption area, helps achieve a reasonable heat flux density, and improves heat exchange efficiency.

[0014] In the second aspect, the present application provides a photovoltaic curtain wall ventilation system with side air intake, a photovoltaic curtain wall ventilation system with a composite guide and bionic fin heat exchange structure, comprising a wall and an upper photovoltaic panel and a lower photovoltaic panel spaced apart on the outside of the wall, an air flow space is formed between the wall and the upper photovoltaic panel and the lower photovoltaic panel, and the wall is longitudinally extended from the lower structural beam and horizontally extended toward the interior of the building body at the top of the upper photovoltaic panel to form a heat collection space communicated with the interior of the building body between the top of the wall and the upper structural beam, the air flow space is communicated with the heat collection space, a heat absorption plate core is provided from the bottom of the lower photovoltaic panel to the level with the lower edge of the wall, the heat absorption plate core comprises a plurality of heat absorption units extending laterally along the heat collection space, the heat absorption unit comprises a first trapezoidal fin, a second trapezoidal fin and a transition fin connecting the first trapezoidal fin and the second trapezoidal fin; the height of the first trapezoidal fin is lower than that of the second trapezoidal fin, and ventilation holes are arranged in a matrix on the surface of the first trapezoidal fin and the transition fin, and the ventilation holes communicate the outside air with the airflow space in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal wall; the lower photovoltaic panel and the upper photovoltaic panel are spaced apart and a middle air intake grille communicating with the airflow space is provided at the interval; the top of the upper photovoltaic panel and the top of the heat collection space are respectively provided with a light-transmitting vertical plate and a light-transmitting cover plate for transmitting light to the heat collection space; the heat collection space is respectively provided with an air intake plate and an air outlet at the top of the longitudinal wall and the middle and rear part of the horizontal wall, the height of the air intake plate is lower than the height of the air outlet and a heat-absorbing plate core is set at the top of the air intake plate and the top of the air outlet.

[0015] Furthermore, the air intake plate includes a grille frame and an air intake grille stacked in the grille frame, the surface of the air intake grille is arranged with a plurality of ventilation holes in a matrix, and the air intake grille gradually rises from the front end of the air intake to the rear end of the air intake; the air outlet includes a grille frame and an air outlet grille stacked in the grille frame, the surface of the air outlet grille is arranged with a plurality of ventilation holes in a matrix, and the air outlet grille gradually rises from the front end of the air outlet to the rear end of the air outlet.

[0016] On the third aspect, the present application provides a photovoltaic curtain wall ventilation system with side air intake, and the top heat collection space adopts a fin group, specifically a photovoltaic curtain wall ventilation system with a composite guide and bionic fin heat exchange structure, including a wall and an upper photovoltaic panel and a lower photovoltaic panel spaced apart on the outside of the wall, an air flow space is formed between the wall and the upper photovoltaic panel and the lower photovoltaic panel, and the wall is longitudinally extended from the lower structural beam and horizontally extended to the interior of the building body at the top of the upper photovoltaic panel to form a heat collection space communicated with the interior of the building body between the top of the wall and the upper structural beam, the air flow space is communicated with the heat collection space, a heat absorption plate core is provided at the bottom of the lower photovoltaic panel to the level with the lower edge of the wall, the heat absorption plate core includes a plurality of heat absorption units extending laterally along the heat collection space, and the heat absorption unit includes a first trapezoidal fins, second trapezoidal fins and transition fins connecting the first trapezoidal fins and the second trapezoidal fins; the height of the first trapezoidal fins is lower than that of the second trapezoidal fins, and ventilation holes are arranged in a matrix on the surfaces of the first trapezoidal fins and the transition fins, and the ventilation holes communicate with the outside air and the airflow space in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal wall; the lower photovoltaic panel and the upper photovoltaic panel are spaced apart and a middle air intake grille communicating with the airflow space is provided at the interval; the top of the upper photovoltaic panel and the top of the heat collection space are respectively provided with a light-transmitting vertical plate and a light-transmitting cover plate for transmitting light to the heat collection space; the heat collection space is provided with a fin group and an air outlet in sequence from the front side along the air inlet direction of the horizontal wall to the rear side along the air inlet direction, and the fin group includes a plurality of rectangular fins and the fins are perpendicular to the horizontal wall and the light-transmitting vertical plate at the same time.

[0017] Furthermore, the air outlet includes a grille frame and air outlet grilles stacked in the grille frame. A plurality of ventilation holes are arranged in a matrix on the surface of the air outlet grille, and the air outlet grille gradually rises from the front end of the air outlet to the rear end of the air outlet.

[0018] In a fourth aspect, the present application provides a photovoltaic curtain wall system with bottom air intake and a heat collection space using a fin group, specifically a photovoltaic curtain wall ventilation system with a composite guide and bionic fin heat exchange structure, comprising a wall and an upper photovoltaic panel and a lower photovoltaic panel spaced apart on the outside of the wall, an air flow space being formed between the wall and the upper photovoltaic panel and the lower photovoltaic panel, and the wall being extended longitudinally from a lower structural beam and horizontally extended from the top of the upper photovoltaic panel toward the interior of the building body to form a heat collection space between the top of the wall and the upper structural beam that communicates with the interior of the building body. The air flow space is communicated with the heat collection space, and the lower end of the lower photovoltaic panel is connected to a lower air intake plate whose bottom edge is higher than the lower edge of the wall so that a lower air intake port communicating with the air flow space is formed below the lower air intake plate; the lower photovoltaic panel and the upper photovoltaic panel are spaced apart and a middle air intake grille communicating with the air flow space is provided at the interval; the heat collection space is provided with a fin group and an air outlet in sequence from the front side along the air intake direction of the horizontal wall to the rear side along the air intake direction, and the fin group includes a plurality of rectangular fins and the fins are perpendicular to the horizontal wall and the light-transmitting vertical panel at the same time.

[0019] Furthermore, the air outlet includes a grille frame and air outlet grilles stacked in the grille frame. A plurality of ventilation holes are arranged in a matrix on the surface of the air outlet grille, and the air outlet grille gradually rises from the front end of the air outlet to the rear end of the air outlet.

[0020] Below the bottom ventilation structure, further, a heat absorption unit is horizontally provided at the bottom of the airflow space and flush with the lower edge of the lower air intake plate, and the ventilation holes of the heat absorption unit communicate the outside air with the airflow space in the vertical direction.

[0021] As an improvement to the above four aspects, a drain outlet is provided at the lower end of the middle air intake grille, a rain shield connected to the drain outlet is provided in the air flow space, and an arc-shaped transition is formed between the lower end of the rain shield and the drain outlet; the top end of the rain shield is higher than the top end of the middle air intake grille;

[0022] An insect-proof net is provided in the heat collection space between the air outlet and the rear end of the horizontal wall, and an upper air outlet grille is provided at the place where the heat collection space communicates with the building body.

[0023] The rain shield is arc-shaped, with the top higher than the top of the middle air intake grille, and the distance between it and the back of the photovoltaic panel accounts for 1 / 4 to 1 / 2 of the total ventilation distance. The arc-shaped transition section of the rain shield uses the Venturi effect to accelerate the airflow, and the throat cross-sectional area is reduced by 25-50%.

[0024] An insect-proof net is provided in the heat collection space between the air outlet and the rear end of the horizontal wall, and an upper air outlet grille is provided at the place where the heat collection space communicates with the building body.

[0025] This application provides a variety of photovoltaic curtain wall ventilation system structures under a technical concept, which has the following technical effects:

[0026] This application innovatively constructs an airflow pattern of "thermal pressure driving layer-airflow strengthening layer-accelerated convection layer". In this application, a heat collection space is set at the top of the ventilation system structure to actively collect heat, so that it forms a significant temperature difference with the airflow space below, and then forms a heat pressure belt in the airflow space and the heat collection space, prompting the air in the low-temperature area to actively flow to the high-temperature area, forming a basic cycle. A middle air intake grille is set in the middle of the photovoltaic panel. The pressure difference is formed inside and outside the middle air intake grille due to the different air flow rates. The outside air enters the airflow space through the grille, accelerating the air in the airflow space. The air in the heat collection space eventually flows to the interior of the building to be utilized or discharged. In the above cycle, the air on the back of the photovoltaic panel is always in a flowing state during the operation of the photovoltaic panel, and heat is difficult to store, so the temperature on the back of the photovoltaic panel naturally decreases. In addition, the flowing air on the back of the photovoltaic panel takes away part of the heat through heat exchange when passing through, thereby reducing the temperature of the photovoltaic panel.

[0027] Two approaches were used to optimize the airflow cycle: one was to enhance the heat collection effect in the heat collection space, and the other was to increase the bottom airflow velocity. In the second approach, the bottom airflow was expanded to include bottom panel airflow and side panel airflow according to the airflow direction.

[0028] 1. In the present application, a ventilation system is provided on the photovoltaic backplane, and the heat flow gradient formed helps to promote natural convection of air. When the temperature in the heat collection space is higher than that in the air flow space, the existence of the heat flow gradient enables the air in the low-temperature zone to actively flow to the high-temperature zone, forming a basic air circulation. This natural convection process can effectively take away the heat generated by the photovoltaic panels, reduce the temperature of the photovoltaic panels, and improve the power generation efficiency. A reasonable heat flux density distribution can ensure the efficient operation of the system. By adopting a tapered fin design, such as the first trapezoidal fin and the second trapezoidal fin in the heat absorption plate core, the heat can be distributed more evenly in space. This can avoid local overheating or overcooling and improve the heat exchange efficiency of the entire system. At the same time, a reasonable heat flux density distribution can also help to extend the service life of the system and reduce material aging and damage caused by local excessive temperatures.

[0029] 2. The design of tapered fins causes the surface area of the fins to gradually change, affecting the transfer and distribution of heat. During the heat absorption process, the front end of the fin is exposed to more heat, and as the heat transfers to the back end of the fin, the heat gradually decreases. The shape of the tapered fins can distribute heat more evenly across the fins, avoiding localized high temperatures caused by excessive heat concentration at the front end. In addition, the structure of the tapered fins increases the contact area between the air and the fin surface, improving heat exchange efficiency. When air flows over the fins, the irregular shape of the fin surface causes turbulence in the air, enhancing the heat transfer effect. This turbulent effect allows the air to more fully exchange heat with the fins, further improving the overall performance of the system.

[0030] 3. The design of the ventilation fins is primarily to increase the heat exchange area of the heat collection space and improve heat collection efficiency. The rectangular fins in the fin group are perpendicular to both the horizontal wall and the light-transmitting vertical panels. This arrangement allows sunlight to more fully illuminate the fins, increasing heat absorption. When air flows through the fins, the surface of the fins exchanges heat with the air, transferring heat to the air. Due to the increase in the number of fins, the heat exchange area is increased, thereby improving the heating effect of the heat collection space on the air. In addition, the design of the fins can also act as a guide, allowing the air to flow more evenly within the heat collection space, further improving the efficiency of heat exchange. By rationally designing the shape, size, and spacing of the fins, the air flow path and heat exchange effect can be optimized, thereby improving the performance of the entire photovoltaic curtain wall ventilation system.

[0031] 4. For the lower air intake, this application flattens the heat absorption unit so that the ventilation holes face downward, forming a gradient guide hole at the bottom of the air flow space, and uses the Bernoulli effect to accelerate the air flow at the air inlet, thereby increasing the temperature difference between the air flow space and the heat collection space and improving the air flow circulation efficiency.

[0032] 5. For side panel air intake, this application utilizes curved, tapered fins to achieve side airflow gradient acceleration. When air flows through the bottom heat-absorbing plate core, the second trapezoidal fins divert the frontal airflow to the sides, accelerating it into the ventilation holes on both sides. When air flows from the side toward the second trapezoidal fins, the airflow is accelerated by the tapered fins, creating a pressure difference on the surface of the heat-absorbing plate core, and the airflow enters the ventilation holes.

[0033] 6. As a preferred embodiment of this application, a rain shield is installed behind the center air intake grille. This shield not only protects against rain but also accelerates airflow. Specifically, the shield's lower end forms an arc-shaped transition to the drain outlet. Within the airflow space, this arc-shaped transition reduces the area through which air flows, leveraging the Venturi effect to accelerate airflow and enhance air circulation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] The drawings described herein are used to provide further understanding of the present application and constitute a part of the present application. The illustrative embodiments of the present application and their descriptions are used to explain the present application and do not constitute improper limitations on the present application.

[0035] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the photovoltaic curtain wall ventilation system structure with bottom air intake in this application;

[0036] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Side view schematic diagram of the photovoltaic curtain wall ventilation system;

[0037] Figure 3 for Figure 1 The formal schematic diagram of the photovoltaic curtain wall ventilation system;

[0038] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the photovoltaic curtain wall ventilation system with side air inlet in this application;

[0039] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the photovoltaic curtain wall ventilation system in the form of a rib plate group in the heat collection space of this application;

[0040] Figure 6 This is a schematic structural diagram of the heat absorbing plate core and the heat absorbing unit described in this application;

[0041] Figure 7 This is a schematic structural diagram of the lower air intake plate described in this application;

[0042] Figure 8 This is a schematic structural diagram of the connector described in this application;

[0043] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the fin group structure described in this application;

[0044] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the rain shield described in this application;

[0045] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the upper air outlet grille structure described in this application.

[0046] In the attached figure:

[0047] 1. Wall; 1-1. Waterproof layer; 1-2. Insulation layer;

[0048] 2. Upper photovoltaic panels; 3. Lower photovoltaic panels; 4. Airflow space; 5. Heat collection space; 6. Lower air intake panel; 7. Lower air intake; 8. Middle air intake grille; 8-1. Drainage outlet;

[0049] 9. Translucent vertical plate; 10. Translucent cover plate;

[0050] 11. Air intake plate; 11-1. Grille frame; 11-2. Air intake grille;

[0051] 12. Air outlet; 12-1. Air outlet grille;

[0052] 13. Heat absorbing plate core; 13-1. Fixed shaft; 13-2. Side hanging plate;

[0053] 14. Ventilation holes;

[0054] 15. Heat absorbing unit; 15-1. First trapezoidal fin; 15-2. Second trapezoidal fin; 15-3. Transition fin;

[0055] 16. Rib assembly; 16-1. Rib; 16-2. Rib fixing rod; 17. Top side panel; 18. Rain shield; 19. Insect screen; 20. Upper air outlet grille; 21. Invisible support plate; 22. Invisible decorative panel; 23. Electric blinds; 24. Air outlet; 25. Connector; 26. Vertical lintel; 27. Slide rail. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0056] Based on the background technology, taking into account the changes in application scenarios of photovoltaic curtain walls and the unreasonable air circulation paths in the existing technology, the present application provides a technical concept of a photovoltaic curtain wall ventilation system that can provide stable power. Under this technical concept, two air intake structures, bottom air intake and side air intake, are designed, and two heat absorption structures, a heat absorption plate core 13 and a fin group 16, are designed on the top.

[0057] On the first aspect, the present application provides a combined structure of bottom air intake and heat collection space 5 heat absorption plate core 13. Specifically, it is a photovoltaic curtain wall ventilation system with a composite guide and bionic fin heat exchange structure, including a wall 1 and an upper photovoltaic panel 2 and a lower photovoltaic panel 3 spaced apart on the outside of the wall 1, an airflow space 4 is formed between the wall 1 and the upper photovoltaic panel 2 and the lower photovoltaic panel 3, and the wall 1 is longitudinally extended from the lower structural beam and horizontally extended to the interior of the building body at the top of the upper photovoltaic panel 2 to form a heat collection space 5 communicated with the interior of the building body between the top of the wall 1 and the upper structural beam, the airflow space 4 is communicated with the heat collection space 5, and the lower end of the lower photovoltaic panel 3 is connected to a lower air intake plate 6 with a bottom side higher than the lower edge of the wall 1 so that the airflow space 4 is communicated with the heat collection space 5. A lower air inlet 7 communicating with the air flow space 4 is formed below the lower air inlet plate 6; the lower photovoltaic panel 3 and the upper photovoltaic panel 2 are spaced apart and a middle air inlet grille 8 communicating with the air flow space 4 is provided at the interval; the top of the upper photovoltaic panel 2 and the top of the heat collecting space 5 are respectively provided with a light-transmitting vertical panel 9 and a light-transmitting cover plate 10 for transmitting light to the heat collecting space 5; the heat collecting space 5 is respectively provided with an air inlet plate 11 and an air outlet 12 at the top of the longitudinal wall 1 and the middle and rear part of the horizontal wall 1, the height of the air inlet plate 11 is lower than the height of the air outlet 12 and a heat-absorbing plate core 13 is set at the top of the air inlet plate 11 and the top of the air outlet 12. The air intake plate 11 includes a grille frame 11-1 and an air intake grille 11-2 stacked in the grille frame 11-1, a plurality of ventilation holes 14 are arranged in a matrix on the surface of the air intake grille 11-2, and the air intake grille 11-2 gradually rises from the air intake front end to the air intake rear end; the air outlet 12 includes a grille frame 11-1 and an air outlet grille 12-1 stacked in the grille frame 11-1, a plurality of ventilation holes 14 are arranged in a matrix on the surface of the air outlet grille 12-1, and the air outlet grille 12-1 gradually rises from the air outlet front end to the air outlet rear end. The end gradually rises toward the rear end of the air outlet; the heat absorption plate core 13 includes a plurality of heat absorption units 15 extending laterally along the heat collection space 5, and the heat absorption unit 15 includes a first trapezoidal fin 15-1, a second trapezoidal fin 15-2 and a transition fin 15-3 connecting the first trapezoidal fin 15-1 and the second trapezoidal fin 15-2; the height of the first trapezoidal fin 15-1 is lower than that of the second trapezoidal fin 15-2, and ventilation holes 14 are arranged in a matrix on the surface of the first trapezoidal fin 15-1 and the transition fin 15-3.

[0058] See attached Figure 1 and attached Figure 2In this application, the wall 1 may include auxiliary structures, such as the insulation layer 1-2 and the waterproof layer 1-1. When the wall 1 includes auxiliary structures, the auxiliary structures are considered part of the wall 1 to define the heat collection space 5. Numerical simulations have shown that the heat absorption unit 15 with a stepped fin structure can increase heat collection efficiency by 28-35%, and improve the overall power generation efficiency of the system by 15-20% compared to traditional structures.

[0059] See attached Figure 1 To the attached Figure 5 In this application, multiple groups of photovoltaic panels can be spliced and combined. Figure 1 To the attached Figure 5 The figure shows a combined structure of two systems, each system includes an upper photovoltaic panel and a lower photovoltaic panel, the upper and lower parts of the photovoltaic panels are connected by invisible decorative panels 22 and invisible support panels 21. For specific connection structures, please refer to the attached Figure 2 and attached Figure 8 .

[0060] See attached Figure 2 In this application, there is a gap between the photovoltaic panel and the wall 1 and its auxiliary structure. The photovoltaic panel is fixed to the wall 1 through a connector 25, and the wall 1 and the photovoltaic panel form an airflow space 4.

[0061] Photovoltaic panels, such as silicon-based panels, can produce approximately 15% less electricity when the temperature is between 85°C and 50°C. Therefore, lowering the temperature of the panels can improve power generation efficiency and increase power generation. During summer, the temperature of the panels is high, reaching as high as around 90°C, making structural cooling of the panels necessary. Through the ventilation structure of this application, numerical simulations have shown that under typical summer operating conditions (ambient temperature 30°C, solar irradiance 1000W / m²), this system can reduce the surface temperature of the panels from 85°C in traditional systems to 40-65°C, increasing daily power generation by 15-20%. Under winter operating conditions (ambient temperature 5°C, solar irradiance 500W / m²), the air temperature in the heat collection space 5 can be raised to 20-45°C, and the heat gain coefficient of the wall 1 can be increased to 0.48W / (m²・K), reducing building heat loss by over 40%.

[0062] This application innovatively constructs an airflow pattern of "thermal pressure driving layer - airflow reinforcement layer - accelerated convection layer." In this application, a heat collection space 5 is positioned at the top of the ventilation system structure to actively collect heat, creating a significant temperature difference with the airflow space 4 below. This creates a heat pressure zone between the airflow space 4 and the heat collection space 5, prompting air from the low-temperature area to actively flow to the high-temperature area, forming a basic circulation. A central air intake grille 8 is positioned in the middle of the photovoltaic panel. The different air flow rates create a pressure difference between the inside and outside of the central air intake grille 8. External air enters the airflow space 4 through the grille, accelerating the air in the airflow space 4. The air in the heat collection space 5 ultimately flows into the building's main structure for utilization or discharge. In this cycle, the air behind the photovoltaic panel remains in a constant state of motion during operation, making it difficult for heat to accumulate, and the temperature behind the panel naturally decreases. Furthermore, the flowing air behind the panel removes some heat through heat exchange as it passes through, lowering the panel's temperature. One side of the top of the heat collection space 5 is enclosed by a top side panel 17.

[0063] See attached Figure 1 ~Attached Figure 5 and attached Figure 10 , the vertical lintel 26 is fixed to the bottom through a support, and the vertical lintel 26 bears the weight of the photovoltaic panel after being fixedly connected to the middle connecting piece 25. In the bottom air intake structure, the lower air intake plate 6 is fixed to the vertical lintel 26 through the mounting hole, and the lower edge of the lower air intake plate 6 is higher than the lower edge of the wall 1 to form a lower air inlet 7. When the airflow passes through the curtain wall, it enters from the lower air inlet 7 and flows upward. The upper photovoltaic panel 2 and the lower photovoltaic panel 3 absorb solar energy and convert it into electrical energy. At the same time, the waste heat generated in the power generation process heats the air in the airflow space 4, so that the airflow space 4 forms a thermal pressure difference with the outside world, creating conditions for the airflow to flow into the airflow space 4. In the heat collection space 5, the transparent vertical panel and the transparent cover plate work together to allow sunlight to directly illuminate the heat-absorbing plate core 13 to form a high-temperature area, and continue to generate a thermal pressure difference with the airflow space 4 below, so that the airflow continuously flows from bottom to top to the high-temperature area. The heat collection space 5 creates power for the airflow. A middle air intake grille 8 is provided between the upper photovoltaic panel 2 and the lower photovoltaic panel 3. The guide vanes of the middle air intake grille 8 gradually rise from the outside to the inside. When the air enters, the direction is upward, which accelerates the internal airflow and at the same time accelerates the ventilation efficiency at the middle air intake grille 8, thereby improving the ventilation effect. In specific implementation, the guide vanes of the middle air intake grille 8 can adopt NACA airfoils to accelerate the local airflow. Figure 1 , Attachment Figure 2 , Attachment Figure 8The middle air intake grille 8 is fixed to the wall 1 through a connector 25 and connected to the vertical lintel 26 so that the vertical lintel 26 bears gravity. In the heat collection space 5, the heat absorption plate core 13 is fixed between the air intake plate 11 and the air outlet 12 through a fixed shaft 13-1. The top of the air intake plate 11 is lower than the air outlet 12 in order to make the heat absorption plate core 13 face the direct sunlight and increase the amount of heat absorbed. It should be noted that the surface of the heat absorption plate core 13 has a heat absorption coating. This technology can be achieved through existing technology. The purpose is to improve the light-to-heat conversion rate of the heat absorption plate core 13. The light-to-heat conversion rate of the heat absorption plate core 13 is preferably greater than 0.92. In the technical solution, the air intake plate 11 and the air outlet 12 have the same structure but different sizes. Ventilation holes 14 are provided on the surface of the air intake grille 11-2 and the air outlet grille 12-1 to increase the air flow efficiency. In a specific implementation, a portion of the heat absorption unit 15 can be installed as a guide fan in the grille frame 11 - 1 as the air inlet grille 11 - 2 or the air outlet grille 12 - 1 .

[0064] In this application, a heat absorbing core 13 is provided to enhance the heat collection effect within the heat collection space 5. The heat absorbing core 13 comprises a plurality of heat absorbing units 15, which are combined to form the heat absorbing core 13. The heat absorbing units 15 are formed by staggered first trapezoidal fins 15-1 and second trapezoidal fins 15-2, forming a curved structure. This curved structure increases the heat absorption area and improves the heat absorption effect. The fins are tapered, which helps to achieve a reasonable heat flux density.

[0065] See attached Figure 4 and attached Figure 6 In practice, the heat absorbing unit 15 can be assembled according to actual size requirements. The surface temperature of the heat absorbing plate core 13 in the heat collection space 5 can form a temperature difference of 30-50°C with that in the airflow space 4, and the thermal pressure difference is 10-20 Pa, which can create a reliable airflow power source.

[0066] The heat in the heat collecting space 5 is discharged to the interior of the building. It should be noted that the interior of the building can be a structure connected to the outside or indoors. Figure 1 ~Attached Figure 5 and attached Figure 11 The upper air outlet grille 20 can be opened and closed via motorized shutters 23. In summer, heat from the heat collection space 5 is collected through the air outlet 24 and fed into the hot water system; in winter, heat from the heat collection space 5 is collected and fed into the hot air system. In spring and autumn, the air outlet 24 can be closed, and air can be exhausted outdoors or indoors through the upper air outlet grille 20. Furthermore, an insect screen 19 is installed in the heat collection space 5 to prevent flying insects from entering the room or other systems.

[0067] Secondly, the present application provides a side air intake structure, replacing the lower air intake plate 6 of the first solution with a heat absorbing plate core 13. The heat absorbing plate core 13 is upright, and the airflow contacts the fins from the side and enters the airflow space 4 through the ventilation holes 14. The vertical heat absorbing plate core 13 is connected to the bottom support member through the side hanging plate 13-2 for fixation. The fins of the bent and reduced structure achieve side airflow gradient acceleration. When the airflow passes through the bottom heat absorbing plate core 13, the second trapezoidal fins 15-2 divert the front airflow to the sides, accelerating the airflow into the ventilation holes 14 on both sides; when the airflow flows from the side to the second trapezoidal fins 15-2, the airflow is accelerated by the side of the reduced fins, forming an air pressure difference on the surface of the heat absorbing plate core 13, and the airflow enters the ventilation holes 14. Specifically, it is a photovoltaic curtain wall ventilation system with a composite guide and bionic fin heat exchange structure, comprising a wall 1 and an upper photovoltaic panel 2 and a lower photovoltaic panel 3 spaced apart on the outside of the wall 1, an air flow space 4 is formed between the wall 1 and the upper photovoltaic panel 2 and the lower photovoltaic panel 3, and the wall 1 is longitudinally extended by a lower structural beam and horizontally extended toward the interior of the building body at the top of the upper photovoltaic panel 2 to form a heat collection space 5 communicating with the interior of the building body between the top of the wall 1 and the upper structural beam, the air flow space 4 is communicated with the heat collection space 5, a heat absorption plate core 13 is provided from the bottom of the lower photovoltaic panel 3 to the position flush with the lower edge of the wall 1, the heat absorption plate core 13 includes a plurality of heat absorption units 15 extending transversely along the heat collection space 5, the heat absorption unit 15 includes a first trapezoidal fin 15-1, a second trapezoidal fin 15-2 and a connecting member 15-1 and a second trapezoidal fin 15-2. -2 transition fin 15-3; the first trapezoidal fin 15-1 is lower in height than the second trapezoidal fin 15-2, and the first trapezoidal fin 15-1 and the transition fin 15-3 are arranged with ventilation holes 14 in a matrix on the surface, and the ventilation holes 14 communicate with the outside air and the air flow space 4 in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal wall 1; the lower photovoltaic panel 3 and the upper photovoltaic panel 2 are spaced apart and a middle air intake grille 8 communicating with the air flow space 4 is provided at the interval; the top of the upper photovoltaic panel 2 and the top of the heat collecting space 5 are respectively provided with a light-transmitting vertical plate 9 and a light-transmitting cover plate 10 for transmitting light to the heat collecting space 5; the heat collecting space 5 is respectively provided with an air intake plate 11 and an air outlet 12 at the top of the longitudinal wall 1 and the middle and rear part of the horizontal wall 1, the height of the air intake plate 11 is lower than the height of the air outlet 12 and a heat-absorbing plate core 13 is set at the top of the air intake plate 11 and the top of the air outlet 12.The air intake plate 11 includes a grille frame 11-1 and an air intake grille 11-2 stacked in the grille frame 11-1, and a plurality of ventilation holes 14 are arranged in a matrix on the surface of the air intake grille 11-2, and the air intake grille 11-2 gradually rises from the air intake front end to the air intake rear end; the air outlet 12 includes a grille frame 11-1 and an air outlet grille 12-1 stacked in the grille frame 11-1, and a plurality of ventilation holes 14 are arranged in a matrix on the surface of the air outlet grille 12-1, and the air outlet grille 12-1 gradually rises from the air outlet front end to the air outlet rear end.

[0068] On the third aspect, the present application provides a fin group 16 heat collection structure, specifically a photovoltaic curtain wall ventilation system with a composite guide and bionic fin heat exchange structure, comprising a wall 1 and an upper photovoltaic panel 2 and a lower photovoltaic panel 3 spaced apart on the outside of the wall 1, an air flow space 4 is formed between the wall 1 and the upper photovoltaic panel 2 and the lower photovoltaic panel 3, and the wall 1 is longitudinally extended by the lower structural beam and horizontally extended from the top of the upper photovoltaic panel 2 to the inside of the building body to form a heat collection space 5 between the top of the wall 1 and the upper structural beam that is connected to the inside of the building body, and the air flow space 4 and the heat collection space 5 are connected. The lower end of the lower photovoltaic panel 3 is connected to a lower air intake plate 6 whose bottom edge is higher than the lower edge of the wall 1, so that a lower air intake port 7 is formed below the lower air intake plate 6 and communicates with the airflow space 4. The lower photovoltaic panel 3 and the upper photovoltaic panel 2 are spaced apart, and a middle air intake grille 8 is provided at the interval to communicate with the airflow space 4. The heat collection space 5 is sequentially provided with a fin group 16 and an air outlet 12 from the front side along the air intake direction of the horizontal wall 1 to the rear side along the air intake direction. The fin group 16 includes a plurality of rectangular fins 16-1, and the fins 16-1 are perpendicular to both the horizontal wall 1 and the light-transmitting vertical panel 9. The fins 16-1 are connected in series by fin fixing rods 16-2. The air outlet 12 includes a grille frame 11-1 and an air outlet grille 12-1 stacked in the grille frame 11-1. A plurality of ventilation holes 14 are arranged in a matrix on the surface of the air outlet grille 12-1 and the air outlet grille 12-1 gradually rises from the front end of the air outlet to the rear end of the air outlet.

[0069] Fourthly, the present application provides a bottom-intake structure, wherein a heat absorption unit 15 is installed at the bottom of the airflow space 4 to enhance the bottom airflow effect and improve air circulation. Specifically, a heat absorption unit 15 is horizontally installed at the bottom of the airflow space 4 of the bottom-intake photovoltaic curtain wall system, flush with the lower edge of the lower air intake plate 6. The ventilation holes 14 of the heat absorption unit 15 vertically communicate with the airflow space 4.

[0070] Further optimizing the structural forms of the four aforementioned photovoltaic curtain wall systems is the following: a drain outlet 8-1 is located at the lower end of the central air intake grille 8. A rain shield 18 is installed in the airflow space 4, connected to the drain outlet 8-1. The lower end of the rain shield 18 forms an arc-shaped transition with the drain outlet 8-1. The top of the rain shield 18 is higher than the top of the central air intake grille 8. An insect screen 19 is installed in the heat collection space 5 between the air outlet 12 and the rear end of the horizontal wall 1. An upper air outlet grille 20 is installed where the heat collection space 5 connects to the main building structure. The rain shield 18 is located behind the central air intake grille 8. In addition to its rain shielding function, it also accelerates airflow. Specifically, the lower portion of the rain shield 18 forms an arc-shaped transition with the drain outlet 8-1, while the upper portion is a rectangular strip, forming a rainwater retaining wall. This, in conjunction with the central air intake grille 8, creates a three-dimensional drainage path. Furthermore, in the airflow space 4, the arc-shaped transition reduces the area through which airflow passes, accelerating the airflow through the Venturi effect and achieving turbulent heat exchange.

[0071] See attached Figure 8 In this application, the connector 25 is fixed to the wall 1, and then the various components are installed on the connector 25. The invisible support plate 21 and invisible decorative plate 22 have a U-shaped cross-section, and the photovoltaic panel is embedded in the U-shaped structure. In specific implementation, the invisible support plate 21 and invisible decorative plate 22 are fixed to the slide rail 27 with dovetail screws. The slide rail 27 is used to adjust the tilt angle of the photovoltaic panel on both sides during installation.

[0072] Furthermore, this application enables multiple applications of the heat absorbing core 13. The functions of the heat absorbing core 13 or heat absorbing unit 15 vary depending on the location, and conventional improvements are also made based on the different installation locations. For example, the heat absorbing core 13 in the heat collection space 5 can be coated with a heat absorbing coating, but the heat absorbing core 13 serving as the side air intake does not need to be coated with a heat absorbing coating. For another example, a section of the heat absorbing unit 15 can be cut off to form the air inlet grille 11-2 and the air outlet grille 12-1, or to serve as a component to enhance bottom air intake.

[0073] This application has been verified through numerical simulation and found to have the following significant advantages:

[0074] Efficient heat exchange and panel cooling: Through an innovative air circulation design, air behind the panels is constantly flowing, preventing heat from accumulating and effectively reducing panel temperature. Experiments have shown that panel temperature can be reduced by 20°C to 40°C, significantly improving power generation efficiency. In high summer temperatures, panel temperatures can rise, impacting power generation efficiency. This ventilation system reduces power generation losses caused by elevated temperatures and improves the economic benefits of photovoltaic power generation.

[0075] Adapt to the needs of different seasons: In winter, the system can collect heat to insulate the cavity, reduce indoor temperature fluctuations, improve indoor comfort, and also help maintain the overall performance stability of the photovoltaic curtain wall.

[0076] Optimizing building energy consumption: Adapting the photovoltaic curtain wall system to the building's main structure prevents heat dissipation into the building walls1, aligning with the concept of green building. By rationally utilizing the heat collected in the thermal collector space5, such as for hot water or hot air systems, the building's energy consumption can be reduced, carbon emissions lowered, and energy efficiency improved.

[0077] Anything not described in this application can be achieved by adopting or drawing on existing technologies.

[0078] The foregoing is merely an embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application may have various changes and variations. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application should all be included within the scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic curtain wall ventilation system with a composite flow guide and bionic fin heat exchange structure, comprising a wall and an upper photovoltaic panel and a lower photovoltaic panel spaced apart on the outside of the wall, wherein an airflow space is formed between the wall and the upper photovoltaic panel and the lower photovoltaic panel, and the wall is longitudinally extended from a lower structural beam and horizontally extended toward the interior of a building body at the top of the upper photovoltaic panel to form a heat collection space between the top of the wall and the upper structural beam that is in communication with the interior of the building body, wherein the airflow space is in communication with the heat collection space, and is characterized in that: The lower end of the lower photovoltaic panel is connected to a lower air intake plate whose bottom edge is higher than the lower edge of the wall so that a lower air intake port communicating with the air flow space is formed below the lower air intake plate; The lower photovoltaic panel and the upper photovoltaic panel are spaced apart and a middle air intake grille communicating with the airflow space is provided at the space; The top of the upper photovoltaic panel and the top of the heat collection space are respectively provided with a light-transmitting vertical plate and a light-transmitting cover plate for transmitting light to the heat collection space; The heat collection space is provided with an air inlet plate and an air outlet at the top of the longitudinal wall and the middle and rear part of the horizontal wall, respectively. The height of the air inlet plate is lower than the height of the air outlet, and a heat absorbing plate core is set up at the top of the air inlet plate and the top of the air outlet; The air intake plate includes a grille frame and an air intake grille stacked in the grille frame, wherein a plurality of ventilation holes are arranged in a matrix on the surface of the air intake grille and the air intake grille gradually rises from the front end of the air intake to the rear end of the air intake; The air outlet comprises a grille frame and an air outlet grille stacked in the grille frame, wherein a plurality of ventilation holes are arranged in a matrix on the surface of the air outlet grille and the air outlet grille gradually rises from the front end of the air outlet to the rear end of the air outlet; The heat absorption plate core includes a plurality of heat absorption units extending laterally along the heat collection space, and the heat absorption units include a first trapezoidal fin, a second trapezoidal fin, and a transition fin connecting the first trapezoidal fin and the second trapezoidal fin; the height of the first trapezoidal fin is lower than that of the second trapezoidal fin, and ventilation holes are arranged in a matrix on the surface of the first trapezoidal fin and the transition fin.

2. The photovoltaic curtain wall ventilation system with a composite flow guide and bionic fin heat exchange structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A drainage outlet is provided at the lower end of the middle air intake grille, and a rain shield connected to the drainage outlet is provided in the air flow space, with an arc-shaped transition between the lower end of the rain shield and the drainage outlet; the top end of the rain shield is higher than the top end of the middle air intake grille; An insect-proof net is provided in the heat collection space between the air outlet and the rear end of the horizontal wall, and an upper air outlet grille is provided at the place where the heat collection space communicates with the building body.

3. The photovoltaic curtain wall ventilation system with a composite flow guide and bionic fin heat exchange structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A heat absorption unit is horizontally provided at the bottom of the air flow space and flush with the lower edge of the lower air inlet plate, and the ventilation holes of the heat absorption unit communicate the outside air with the air flow space in the vertical direction.

4. A photovoltaic curtain wall ventilation system with a composite flow guide and bionic fin heat exchange structure, comprising a wall and an upper photovoltaic panel and a lower photovoltaic panel spaced apart on the outside of the wall, an airflow space being formed between the wall and the upper photovoltaic panel and the lower photovoltaic panel, and the wall being longitudinally extended from a lower structural beam and horizontally extended toward the interior of a building at the top of the upper photovoltaic panel to form a heat collection space communicating with the interior of the building between the top of the wall and the upper structural beam, the airflow space being communicated with the heat collection space, and characterized in that: A heat absorbing plate core is provided from the bottom of the lower photovoltaic panel to the position flush with the lower edge of the wall, the heat absorbing plate core includes a plurality of heat absorbing units extending transversely along the heat collection space, the heat absorbing units include a first trapezoidal fin, a second trapezoidal fin, and a transition fin connecting the first trapezoidal fin and the second trapezoidal fin; the first trapezoidal fin is lower than the second trapezoidal fin, and ventilation holes are arranged in a matrix on the surface of the first trapezoidal fin and the transition fin, and the ventilation holes communicate with the outside air and the airflow space in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal wall; The lower photovoltaic panel and the upper photovoltaic panel are spaced apart and a middle air intake grille communicating with the airflow space is provided at the space; The top of the upper photovoltaic panel and the top of the heat collection space are respectively provided with a light-transmitting vertical plate and a light-transmitting cover plate for transmitting light to the heat collection space; The heat collection space is provided with an air inlet plate and an air outlet at the top of the longitudinal wall and the middle and rear part of the horizontal wall, respectively. The height of the air inlet plate is lower than the height of the air outlet, and a heat absorbing plate core is set up at the top of the air inlet plate and the top of the air outlet; The air intake plate includes a grille frame and an air intake grille stacked in the grille frame, wherein a plurality of ventilation holes are arranged in a matrix on the surface of the air intake grille and the air intake grille gradually rises from the front end of the air intake to the rear end of the air intake; The air outlet comprises a grille frame and an air outlet grille stacked in the grille frame. A plurality of ventilation holes are arranged in a matrix on the surface of the air outlet grille, and the air outlet grille gradually rises from the front end of the air outlet to the rear end of the air outlet.

5. The photovoltaic curtain wall ventilation system with a composite flow guide and bionic fin heat exchange structure according to claim 4 is characterized in that: A drainage outlet is provided at the lower end of the middle air intake grille, and a rain shield connected to the drainage outlet is provided in the air flow space, with an arc-shaped transition between the lower end of the rain shield and the drainage outlet; the top end of the rain shield is higher than the top end of the middle air intake grille; An insect-proof net is provided in the heat collection space between the air outlet and the rear end of the horizontal wall, and an upper air outlet grille is provided at the place where the heat collection space communicates with the building body.

6. A photovoltaic curtain wall ventilation system with a composite flow guide and bionic fin heat exchange structure, comprising a wall and an upper photovoltaic panel and a lower photovoltaic panel spaced apart on the outside of the wall, an airflow space being formed between the wall and the upper photovoltaic panel and the lower photovoltaic panel, and the wall being longitudinally extended from a lower structural beam and horizontally extended toward the interior of a building at the top of the upper photovoltaic panel to form a heat collection space communicating with the interior of the building between the top of the wall and the upper structural beam, the airflow space being communicated with the heat collection space, characterized in that: A heat absorbing plate core is provided from the bottom of the lower photovoltaic panel to the position flush with the lower edge of the wall, the heat absorbing plate core includes a plurality of heat absorbing units extending transversely along the heat collection space, the heat absorbing units include a first trapezoidal fin, a second trapezoidal fin, and a transition fin connecting the first trapezoidal fin and the second trapezoidal fin; the first trapezoidal fin is lower than the second trapezoidal fin, and ventilation holes are arranged in a matrix on the surface of the first trapezoidal fin and the transition fin, and the ventilation holes communicate with the outside air and the airflow space in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal wall; The lower photovoltaic panel and the upper photovoltaic panel are spaced apart and a middle air intake grille communicating with the airflow space is provided at the space; The top of the upper photovoltaic panel and the top of the heat collection space are respectively provided with a light-transmitting vertical plate and a light-transmitting cover plate for transmitting light to the heat collection space; The heat collecting space is provided with a fin group and an air outlet in sequence from the front side to the rear end of the air intake along the horizontal wall, wherein the fin group includes a plurality of rectangular fins and the fins are perpendicular to the horizontal wall and the light-transmitting vertical plate; The air outlet comprises a grille frame and an air outlet grille stacked in the grille frame. A plurality of ventilation holes are arranged in a matrix on the surface of the air outlet grille, and the air outlet grille gradually rises from the front end of the air outlet to the rear end of the air outlet.

7. The photovoltaic curtain wall ventilation system with a composite flow guide and bionic fin heat exchange structure according to claim 6 is characterized in that: A drainage outlet is provided at the lower end of the middle air intake grille, and a rain shield connected to the drainage outlet is provided in the air flow space, with an arc-shaped transition between the lower end of the rain shield and the drainage outlet; the top end of the rain shield is higher than the top end of the middle air intake grille; An insect-proof net is provided in the heat collection space between the air outlet and the rear end of the horizontal wall, and an upper air outlet grille is provided at the place where the heat collection space communicates with the building body.

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