Similar simulation experiment device for three-way pressurization of surrounding rocks of small and medium-sized roadways

Abstract

The invention discloses a similar simulation experiment device for three-way pressurization of surrounding rocks of small and medium-sized roadways. The similar simulation experiment device comprises an outer fixing box, an inner assembly and an outer assembly. The outer fixing box is compact in structure, one side adopts transparent high-strength tempered glass, and the deformation and damage process of the test piece is convenient to observe; the internal assembly comprises a customizable inner movable pressurizing plate baffle and a separated ultrathin hydraulic jack and is used for separating space and applying pressure; a manual oil pump of the external assembly is connected with a hydraulic jack through a pipeline. The hydraulic jack is driven by the manual oil pump to pressurize in the front-back and left-right directions of the device, and the upper movable pressing plate is matched with the uniaxial testing machine to realize uniform loading, so that the three-dimensional stress state of the surrounding rock of the roadway is simulated. The device is characterized in that the problems that an existing device is difficult to achieve three-way pressurization, inconvenient to observe, not suitable for small and medium-sized experiments and the like are solved, and the device has the advantages of being high in space adaptability, accurate in stress simulation, convenient and fast to observe and control, high in experiment efficiency, low in cost and the like. The size of the device is modified or the number of components is increased within a protection range, and reliable experimental equipment is provided for roadway engineering research.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of roadway surrounding rock experimental equipment, and particularly relates to a three-way pressurized similarity simulation experimental device for medium and small-sized roadway surrounding rock, which is suitable for carrying out experimental studies on the mechanical properties and deformation laws of medium and small-sized roadway surrounding rock. Background Art

[0002] In the field of roadway engineering, similarity simulation experiments are an important means to study the characteristics of roadway surrounding rock, and play a key role in revealing the deformation and failure mechanism of roadway surrounding rock and optimizing roadway support design.

[0003] At present, although large-scale similarity simulation experiments can simulate large-scale roadway engineering scenarios, there are obvious deficiencies in stress simulation. Most large-scale experiments can only achieve top pressurization, and fixed constraints are mostly used laterally, unable to simulate the three-way stress state actually suffered by roadway surrounding rock, resulting in a large deviation between the experimental results and the actual working conditions, and it is difficult to accurately reflect the mechanical behavior and deformation law of surrounding rock in a complex stress environment, restricting the in-depth study of the stability and safety of large-scale roadway engineering.

[0004] Small-sized roadway surrounding rock experiments also face many difficulties. Most small-sized experimental devices only support uniaxial or biaxial pressurization, unable to meet the three-way stress simulation requirements of the actual stress of surrounding rock. Even if a small number of triaxial testing machines are used, due to the closed and opaque surroundings of the equipment, experimental personnel cannot observe the deformation process of the specimen in real time, and can only obtain the final failure state, making it difficult to master the dynamic deformation of the specimen and unable to adjust experimental parameters in time, affecting the integrity and accuracy of experimental data and hindering the in-depth exploration of the deformation and failure mechanism of surrounding rock.

[0005] For medium and small-sized roadway surrounding rock experiments, existing devices have problems such as unreasonable structural design, large errors in pressure control and reading, and lack of effective observation windows. Their structures often do not meet the spatial requirements of medium and small-sized experiments, resulting in inconvenient placement and operation of experimental materials; at the same time, the lack of effective control and monitoring mechanisms leads to large errors in pressure control and reading; and most devices do not have intuitive observation windows, unable to meet the fine observation requirements for the deformation and failure characteristics of specimens. More critically, existing devices are difficult to achieve three-way pressurization and cannot simulate the complex stress state of medium and small-sized roadway surrounding rock in actual engineering. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop an experimental device suitable for medium and small-sized roadway surrounding rock experiments, which can achieve three-way pressurization and is convenient for real-time observation. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The object of the present invention is to provide a three-way pressurized similarity simulation experimental device for surrounding rocks of small and medium-sized roadways, so as to solve the problems existing in the existing devices in aspects such as stress simulation, space adaptation, observation methods, etc., realize the simulation of the three-way stress state of the surrounding rocks of small and medium-sized roadways, meet the observation requirements for the deformation and failure characteristics of specimens during the experiment, and provide a reliable basis for the design and construction of roadway engineering.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0008] The three-way pressurized similarity simulation experimental device for surrounding rocks of small and medium-sized roadways of the present invention mainly consists of an external fixing box, an internal component and an external component.

[0009] The overall structure of the external fixing box is compact and is specially customized for small and medium-sized experiments. It can reasonably accommodate experimental materials and internal components in a limited space. One side of the external fixing box is made of transparent high-strength tempered glass, which has high strength and can withstand the pressure during the experiment. At the same time, it has high transparency. During the experiment, experimenters can clearly observe the whole process of the specimen from the beginning of deformation to final failure without the aid of complex equipment, making up for the deficiencies of traditional devices in observation and being especially suitable for the requirements of small and medium-sized experiments for detailed observation.

[0010] The internal component includes an inner movable pressure plate baffle and a split ultra-thin hydraulic jack.

[0011] The shape and size of the inner movable pressure plate baffle can be flexibly adjusted according to the model of the surrounding rocks of small and medium-sized roadways, and it can closely fit the experimental materials, realizing the effective application of pressure and the reasonable separation of the experimental space. In the small and medium-sized experimental environment, the inner movable pressure plate baffle can ensure that the experimental materials are evenly stressed in a limited space, avoiding experimental errors caused by size mismatch, and providing an effective guarantee for simulating the stress state of the surrounding rocks of the roadway.

[0012] The split ultra-thin hydraulic jack adopts an ultra-thin design, effectively solving the problem of narrow space in small and medium-sized experiments. Compared with traditional hydraulic jacks, it can be flexibly installed and operated in a limited space, without occupying too much space, ensuring that there is enough space for placing experimental materials, and at the same time providing the pressure required for the experiment. The split structure is convenient for quick installation and disassembly, and can significantly improve the experimental efficiency in small and medium-sized experiments where experimental materials are frequently replaced and experimental conditions are adjusted.

[0013] The external component is a manual oil pump, which is connected to the split ultra-thin hydraulic jack through a pipeline. The manual oil pump is simple and easy to operate. Experimenters can manually adjust the pressure size according to the experimental requirements and obtain the pressure data in real time through the hydraulic pump reading, effectively avoiding experimental deviations caused by improper pressure control and ensuring the reliability of experimental results.

[0014] In terms of the pressurization method, the front and back, left and right directions of the device can be pressurized through a manual oil pump. This pressurization method fully considers the characteristics of the complex stress distribution of the surrounding rock in small and medium-sized roadway in actual engineering. The movable pressing plate on the upper part of the device cooperates with the uniaxial testing machine to achieve uniform loading. Through the coordinated action of the front and back, left and right, and upper parts, the three-dimensional stress state of the surrounding rock of small and medium-sized roadway can be simulated. Compared with the single or inaccurate pressurization methods of traditional devices, the present invention can better restore the stress situation in actual engineering, and at the same time solves the problems that it is difficult to achieve three-way pressurization in large-scale experiments and it is difficult to observe in small-scale experiments.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0016] Strong spatial adaptability: The compact and delicate design of the external fixed box perfectly fits the experimental space requirements of the surrounding rock of small and medium-sized roadway, solves the problem of unreasonable space utilization of traditional devices, makes the placement and operation of experimental materials more convenient and efficient, and significantly improves the operability and fluency of the experiment.

[0017] Stress simulation close to reality: Through the customizable inner movable pressurizing plate baffle, ultra-thin hydraulic jack and flexible pressurization method, the three-dimensional stress state of the surrounding rock of small and medium-sized roadway in actual engineering can be simulated. The experimental results are closer to the actual situation, providing more valuable data reference for roadway engineering design, and making up for the deficiencies in stress simulation of large-scale experiments and stress simulation and observation of small-scale experiments.

[0018] Convenient observation and control: The manual oil pump is convenient for pressure adjustment and data acquisition. The application of transparent high-strength tempered glass enables experimenters to observe the deformation and failure characteristics of the specimen in real time and intuitively, facilitating timely adjustment of experimental conditions, obtaining comprehensive and accurate experimental data, effectively improving the experimental efficiency and quality, and overcoming the defect that small-scale experiments cannot be observed in real time.

[0019] High experimental efficiency and low cost: The detachable ultra-thin hydraulic jack is convenient for installation and disassembly. Combined with flexible pressurization adjustment and intuitive observation design, it can shorten the experimental period, reduce the waste of experimental materials, and lower the experimental cost, showing obvious comprehensive advantages in the experiment of the surrounding rock of small and medium-sized roadway. Description of the Drawings

[0020] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention, and thus should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0021] Figure 1It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the triaxial compression similarity simulation experimental device for surrounding rock of small-sized roadways in the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 It is a top view of the device of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 It is a front view of the device of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 4 It is a bottom view of the device of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 5 It is a left view of the device of the present invention. Specific embodiments

[0026] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0027] The specific embodiments of the triaxial compression similarity simulation experimental device for surrounding rock of small-sized roadways in the present invention are as follows:

[0028] Experimental preparation stage:

[0029] First, according to the specific requirements of the experiment on the surrounding rock of small-sized roadways, an inner movable pressure plate baffle with a suitable size and shape is customized to ensure its tight fit with the internal space of the outer fixed box and the experimental materials.

[0030] Secondly, a split-type ultra-thin hydraulic jack is installed on the inner movable pressure plate baffle. Utilizing its ultra-thin characteristics, the installation position is reasonably planned to ensure stable installation in a narrow space without affecting the placement of experimental materials. The hydraulic jack is connected to the manual oil pump through a pipeline, and the connection part is carefully checked to prevent oil leakage and ensure the safe and stable progress of the experiment.

[0031] Then, the prepared similar materials for the surrounding rock of small-sized roadways are placed in the outer fixed box, and the position of the inner movable pressure plate baffle is carefully adjusted to make it closely fit with the similar materials to ensure uniform pressure transmission.

[0032] Finally, the movable pressure plate at the upper part of the device is connected to the uniaxial testing machine to ensure stable and reliable connection, making preparations for subsequent uniform loading.

[0033] Experimental process stage:

[0034] Pressurization in the front-back and left-right directions: According to the stress state designed in the experiment on the surrounding rock of small and medium-sized roadways, the experimenter manually operates the manual oil pump to pressurize the split ultra-thin hydraulic jacks in the front-back and left-right directions of the device respectively. During the pressurization process, the experimenter observes the deformation of the small and medium-sized specimens under pressure in real time through the transparent high-strength tempered glass surface of the external fixing box, and at the same time pays attention to the readings of the hydraulic pump. When the pressure reaches the predetermined value, stop pressurizing and keep the pressure stable to ensure that the experimental conditions meet the design requirements.

[0035] Upper loading: Start the uniaxial testing machine, apply pressure to the movable platen through the uniaxial testing machine to achieve uniform loading on the upper part of the small and medium-sized experimental materials. During the loading process, operate strictly according to the predetermined loading rate and loading amount. The experimenter continuously observes the overall deformation characteristics of the specimen through the transparent tempered glass, records key data such as pressure values and strain values, and provides detailed information for subsequent analysis.

[0036] Experimental observation and data recording: During the whole experiment, the experimenter observes the deformation and failure process of the similar materials of the surrounding rock of small and medium-sized roadways in all directions through the transparent high-strength tempered glass. Detailed records are made of the deformation forms, failure characteristics, and stress-strain data of the specimen at different stages. Combining with the monitoring data of the internal sensors, the experimental phenomena and data are comprehensively analyzed. For any abnormal situations occurring during the experiment, they are adjusted and recorded in time to ensure the integrity and accuracy of the experimental data.

[0037] End stage of the experiment:

[0038] After the experiment is completed, first slowly release the pressure of the manual oil pump to retract the split ultra-thin hydraulic jack, and then turn off the uniaxial testing machine to relieve the pressure on the movable platen to ensure the safety of the experimental equipment and the specimen.

[0039] Carefully disassemble the device, take out the similar materials of the surrounding rock of small and medium-sized roadways after the experiment, systematically sort out and deeply analyze the experimental data, and combine with the observation records during the experiment to draw scientific and reliable experimental conclusions, providing strong support for the research of roadway engineering.

[0040] The above are only the specific implementation manners of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

[0041] This specification has been modified according to the patent expression norms. You can check whether the content of each part meets the requirements. If you still have adjustment requirements for numbers, expression details, etc., please feel free to let us know at any time.

Claims

1. A three-way pressure similarity simulation experiment device for surrounding rock of small and medium-sized roadways, characterized in that, It includes an external fixing box, internal components and external components; the overall structure of the external fixing box is compact, which is used to accommodate experimental materials and internal components, and one side of the external fixing box is made of transparent high-strength tempered glass; the internal components include an internal movable pressure plate baffle and a split ultra-thin hydraulic jack, the shape and size of the internal movable pressure plate baffle can be customized, which is used to separate the experimental space and apply pressure to the experimental materials, and the split ultra-thin hydraulic jack is installed on the internal movable pressure plate baffle; the external component is a manual oil pump, and the manual oil pump is connected to the split ultra-thin hydraulic jack through a pipeline.

2. The small and medium-sized roadway surrounding rock triaxial compression similarity simulation experiment device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The front, back, left and right directions of the device pressurize the split ultra-thin hydraulic jack through the manual oil pump, and a movable pressure plate is arranged on the upper part of the device, and the movable pressure plate cooperates with a uniaxial testing machine to achieve uniform loading.

3. The small and medium-sized roadway surrounding rock triaxial pressure similarity simulation experiment device according to claim 1, characterized in that The transparent high-strength tempered glass has high strength, can withstand the experimental pressure and has high transparency, which is used for experimental personnel to observe the deformation and failure process of the specimen.

4. The small and medium-sized roadway surrounding rock three-way pressurized similarity simulation experiment device according to claim 1, characterized in that The internal movable pressure plate baffle closely fits the experimental materials to ensure uniform stress on the experimental materials in a medium and small-sized experimental space.

5. The small and medium-sized roadway surrounding rock triaxial compression similarity simulation experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The split ultra-thin hydraulic jack has an ultra-thin structure, can be installed and work in a narrow space, and the split design is convenient for installation and disassembly.

6. The small and medium-sized roadway surrounding rock triaxial compression similarity simulation experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The manual oil pump is easy to operate. Experimental personnel can manually adjust the pressure magnitude and obtain pressure data according to the hydraulic pump reading.

7. The small and medium-sized roadway surrounding rock triaxial compression similarity simulation experimental device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that Without changing the overall structure and core functions, modifying the size of the device or increasing the number of components such as pressure plates, hydraulic jacks and hydraulic pumps all fall within the protection scope of this patent.

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