Small-sized self-adaptive power generation system for lunar surface

Abstract

The invention provides a small self-adaptive power generation system for the lunar surface, and relates to the technical field of thermoelectric power generation, and the system comprises a radiation module, a thermal expansion module, an upper heat conduction group, a thermoelectric power generation module, a lower heat conduction group and an energy storage module filled with an energy storage medium which are arranged in a housing from top to bottom. The thermoelectric power generation module comprises a first thermoelectric power generation module and a second thermoelectric power generation module; the thermal expansion module comprises a thermal expansion sheet and a negative thermal expansion sheet; the upper heat conduction set comprises a first heat conduction plate and a second heat conduction plate. The positions of the thermoelectric power generation modules, the heat conduction plates and the expansion pieces are in one-to-one correspondence, so that the negative thermal expansion pieces drive the first heat conduction plates to make contact with or break away from the first thermoelectric power generation modules, and meanwhile the expansion pieces drive the second heat conduction plates to make contact with or break away from the second thermoelectric power generation modules. Through the system provided by the invention, the problem that the existing power generation device for the lunar base is difficult to meet the long-term power generation targets of small size, high efficiency, stability and low work amount at the same time is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of thermoelectric power generation, and particularly to a small-scale adaptive power generation system for the lunar surface. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, China's lunar exploration project has made remarkable progress, and the construction of the lunar research station is being carried out in an orderly manner in two stages: "basic type" and "expansion type". The goal of the first stage is to establish a comprehensive scientific research platform on the lunar surface with basic functions and key elements to support regular scientific experiments and verification of resource development and utilization technologies. However, the construction and operation of the research station urgently require long-term and stable energy guarantee. At present, China still faces challenges such as insufficient power generation and unstable power supply in lunar energy utilization.

[0003] Currently, the main energy source for the lunar exploration project is solar power generation. However, the power generation capacity of solar panels is greatly limited in the extreme lunar environment. On the one hand, solar power generation depends on continuous sunlight and can only work during the lunar day, while the lunar night is a long period of power supply vacuum. On the other hand, the energy efficiency and service life of energy storage batteries will also gradually decline in the lunar environment with repeated alternation of high and low temperatures. Therefore, relying solely on solar energy and storage batteries is difficult to meet the energy requirements of the research station during the lunar night and even for long-term operation.

[0004] The construction of the lunar research station in the first stage requires an efficient, small-scale, and stable long-term power generation system that can achieve tasks such as survival during the lunar night and even long-term operation during the lunar night. However, limited by constraints such as volume, weight, and service life, traditional solar cells combined with storage batteries cannot meet the energy requirements. In view of the special environment on the moon without atmosphere and with a large temperature difference between day and night, Chinese scholars have proposed a power generation method that uses the temperature difference between the lunar soil constant temperature layer and the lunar soil surface for thermoelectric power generation and stores the generated electric energy in storage batteries. Although this method can ensure continuous power supply, it requires excavation of lunar soil and modification of lunar soil for heat dissipation, resulting in excessive engineering quantity and high technical complexity, and is not suitable for the construction of the lunar research station in the first stage.

[0005] Therefore, constructing a small-scale, efficient, stable and low-engineering-quantity long-term power generation system has become a key problem in the current energy design of the research station. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of the above problems, the object of the present invention is to provide a small-scale adaptive power generation system for the lunar surface to solve the problem that the existing power generation devices for lunar bases are difficult to simultaneously meet the long-term power generation goals of being small-scale, efficient, stable and having a low engineering quantity.

[0007] To achieve this object, the present invention provides a small-scale adaptive power generation system for the lunar surface, and the technical solution adopted is: A small-scale adaptive power generation system for the lunar surface, the system includes a housing with an open top and a hollow interior, and located inside the housing are: An energy storage module filled with an energy storage medium inside; A thermoelectric power generation module, including a first thermoelectric power generation module and a second thermoelectric power generation module connected to each other; A thermal expansion module, including a thermal expansion sheet and a negative thermal expansion sheet; A radiation module, at least partially extending out of the top opening of the housing for heat exchange with the external environment; A heat conduction module, including an upper heat conduction group and a lower heat conduction group, the upper heat conduction group includes a first heat conduction plate and a second heat conduction plate; Wherein, the radiation module, the thermal expansion module, the upper heat conduction group, the thermoelectric power generation module, the lower heat conduction group and the energy storage module are sequentially arranged in contact from the top to the bottom of the housing; Wherein, the positions of the first thermoelectric power generation module, the first heat conduction plate and the negative thermal expansion sheet are opposite, and the positions of the second thermoelectric power generation module, the second heat conduction plate and the thermal expansion sheet are opposite, so as to use the negative thermal expansion sheet to drive the first heat conduction plate to contact or disengage from the first thermoelectric power generation module, and at the same time use the expansion sheet to drive the second heat conduction plate to contact or disengage from the second thermoelectric power generation module.

[0008] As one of the preferred solutions, the lower heat conduction group includes a third heat conduction plate and a fourth heat conduction plate, the third heat conduction plate is in close contact with the first thermoelectric power generation module and the energy storage module respectively, and the third heat conduction plate is in close contact with the second thermoelectric power generation module and the energy storage module respectively.

[0009] As one of the preferred solutions, the housing includes: An adiabatic frame, the adiabatic frame encloses a square space for accommodating multiple modules; Multiple adiabatic plates, covered on the periphery of the adiabatic frame, and openings are provided on the corresponding adiabatic plates at the top of the adiabatic frame, and the openings are used to allow at least part of the radiation module to extend out.

[0010] As one of the preferred solutions, the energy storage module includes: An energy storage container, with multiple accommodation chambers arranged inside, and the accommodation chambers contain the energy storage medium; wherein, multiple pipelines are also provided inside the energy storage container; Multiple heat pipes, each heat pipe is embedded in each pipeline.

[0011] As one of the preferred solutions, each heat pipe is located between multiple accommodation chambers, and the heat pipe is parallel to the accommodation chambers in the height direction of the housing.

[0012] As one of the preferred solutions, the energy storage module further includes a plurality of baffles, at least one of the baffles is disposed in each of the accommodating chambers, and each of the baffles is provided with a plurality of through holes.

[0013] As one of the preferred solutions, the radiation module includes: A heat-conducting radiation plate, with a first mounting hole and a second mounting hole on one side facing the thermal expansion module, and a plurality of heat-insulating pillars; wherein the negative thermal expansion sheet is fixed to the first mounting hole, the thermal expansion sheet is fixed to the second mounting hole, and the heat-insulating pillar is abutted against the energy storage module; A fin group, comprising a plurality of fins, is arranged on a side of the heat-conducting radiation plate away from the thermal expansion module; The fin group extends out of the top opening of the shell, and the heat-conducting radiation plate is located inside the shell.

[0014] As one of the preferred solutions, there is a gap between the negative thermal expansion sheet and the first mounting hole, and between the thermal expansion sheet and the second mounting hole.

[0015] As one of the preferred solutions, the upper end of the first thermoelectric power generation module is a cold end, and the lower end is a hot end; the upper end of the second thermoelectric power generation module is a hot end, and the lower end is a cold end.

[0016] As one of the preferred solutions, the temperature difference power generation module further includes: A voltage stabilizer, fixed on the outer surface of the energy storage module; The wires respectively connect the first temperature difference power generation module and the second temperature difference power generation module to the metal terminals of the voltage stabilizer.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, this application has the following advantages: An embodiment of the present invention provides a small-scale adaptive power generation system for the lunar surface. The system includes a housing with an open top and a hollow interior, and the following components located inside the housing: a energy storage module filled with an energy storage medium; a thermoelectric power generation module including a first thermoelectric power generation module and a second thermoelectric power generation module connected to each other; a thermal expansion module including a thermal expansion sheet and a negative thermal expansion sheet; a radiation module at least partially extending out of the open top of the housing for heat exchange with the external environment; a heat conduction module including an upper heat conduction group and a lower heat conduction group, and the upper heat conduction group includes a first heat conduction plate and a second heat conduction plate. Among them, the radiation module, the thermal expansion module, the upper heat conduction group, the thermoelectric power generation module, the lower heat conduction group, and the energy storage module are sequentially arranged in contact with each other from the top to the bottom of the housing. Among them, the positions of the first thermoelectric power generation module, the first heat conduction plate, and the negative thermal expansion sheet are opposite, and the positions of the second thermoelectric power generation module, the second heat conduction plate, and the thermal expansion sheet are opposite, so as to drive the first heat conduction plate to contact or disengage from the first thermoelectric power generation module by using the negative thermal expansion sheet, and at the same time drive the second heat conduction plate to contact or disengage from the second thermoelectric power generation module by using the expansion sheet.

[0018] The system provided by the embodiment of the present application is based on thermoelectric power generation technology. By designing an energy storage system, the system has both the functions of heat collection and cold collection at the same time, and integrates the heat absorption end and the heat release end. The radiation module is used to realize the functions of heat absorption during lunar day and heat release during lunar night at the same time. Combining with the use of the thermal expansion module, the system can dynamically select the power generation module on the high-temperature side or the low-temperature side to work according to the change of the external environmental temperature, realizing the spontaneous and uninterrupted high-efficiency power generation of the thermoelectric power generation module. At the same time, the power generation module does not operate in reverse with the change of day and night, so it works in a state of long service life. The modules are highly coupled with each other, the structure is compact, the integration degree of the system is high, and the volume is small. The whole device is more suitable for the construction needs of lunar research stations and is also suitable for the rapid installation of power generation facilities in extreme climate regions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, the drawings required for the description of the present application will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0020] Figure 1 is an exploded view of the structure of a small-scale adaptive power generation system for the lunar surface provided by an embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 is an overall structural schematic diagram of a small-scale adaptive power generation system for the lunar surface provided by an embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 is a left view structural diagram of a small-scale adaptive power generation system for the lunar surface provided by an embodiment of the present application; Figure 4 isFigure 3 Cross-sectional view in the A direction in Figure 5 is Figure 3 Cross-sectional view in the B direction in Figure 6 is a three-dimensional structure diagram of a thermoelectric power generation module provided by an embodiment of the present application; Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the working states of a small-scale adaptive power generation system for the lunar surface provided by an embodiment of the present application at four stages.

[0021] Explanation of reference numerals: 1. Thermal insulation board; 11. First thermal insulation board; 111. Notch; 12. Second thermal insulation board; 13. Third thermal insulation board; 14. Fourth thermal insulation board; 15. Fifth thermal insulation board; 16. Sixth thermal insulation board; 2. Radiation module; 21. Fins; 22. Heat-conducting radiation plate; 221. First mounting hole; 222. Second mounting hole; 23. Thermal insulation strut; 3. Thermal expansion module; 31. Negative thermal expansion sheet; 32. Thermal expansion sheet; 4. Heat-conducting module; 41. First heat-conducting plate; 42. Second heat-conducting plate; 43. Third heat-conducting plate; 44. Fourth heat-conducting plate; 5. Thermoelectric power generation module; 51. First thermoelectric power generation module group; 52. Second thermoelectric power generation module group; 53. Conducting wire; 531. Voltage regulator; 532. First screw; 533. Metal terminal; 534. Second screw; 6. Energy storage module; 61. Energy storage container; 611. Accommodating chamber; 612. Pipeline; 62. Heat pipe; 63. Baffle; 7. Thermal insulation frame; 8. Heat insulation fixing plate; 9. Support caster. Detailed implementation manners

[0022] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present application. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present application without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.

[0023] This application first further elaborates on the current lunar thermoelectric power generation technology mentioned in the background art. The technology of using the temperature difference between the lunar soil thermostatic layer and the lunar surface for power generation. During the lunar day, the temperature of the lunar surface is higher than that of the lunar soil thermostatic layer, and the thermoelectric power generation module realizes positive voltage output through thermoelectric power generation; during the lunar night, the temperature of the lunar surface drops significantly and is lower than that of the lunar soil thermostatic layer, and the same thermoelectric power generation module realizes reverse voltage output through thermoelectric power generation. In this technology, not only is it necessary to excavate lunar soil and place the bottom of the power generation device in the lunar soil, but it is also necessary to modify the surrounding lunar soil. If the lunar soil is not modified, due to the poor heat dissipation effect of the lunar soil itself, the power generation will be greatly reduced. In addition, in this design, the temperature difference at both ends of the same thermoelectric power generation module will alternate and reverse with the change of day and night, which will reduce the power generation efficiency and affect the service life. Therefore, there are several problems that are difficult to overcome in such technologies and are not suitable for the needs of the first-phase construction of the lunar research station.

[0024] In the related art, someone proposed a technical solution of an energy storage heat accumulator, a power generation system, and a cold storage device to achieve alternating energy storage and continuous power supply. When there is light, the heat accumulator absorbs and releases heat simultaneously, and the cold storage device only absorbs heat; when there is no light, the heat accumulator only releases heat, and the cold storage device absorbs and releases heat simultaneously, so as to realize the uninterrupted operation of the power generation system. However, in this technical solution, the heat accumulator and the cold storage device are separated, the degree of integration of each part is low, it is not easy to install and the volume is large, and it is still not suitable for the needs of the first-phase construction. At the same time, the self-structures of the heat accumulator and the cold storage device in this solution are not suitable for direct use in the lunar base environment, with low energy storage density and low power generation, and cannot meet the strict requirements of high power generation and high power generation stability required for the first-phase construction of the lunar research station.

[0025] In view of this, the present invention aims at the design idea of using the special environment of high temperature difference on the lunar surface for thermoelectric power generation, and proposes a new small-scale adaptive power generation system for the lunar surface. Using water as the working medium, adopting a multi-columnar cavity energy storage structure, combining expansion materials and negative expansion materials with different thermal expansion characteristics, it can adaptively adjust according to external light conditions, and realize an efficient energy conversion system integrating heat storage, cold storage and thermoelectric power generation. This system can effectively solve the problem of insufficient power generation during the lunar night and the inability to continuously supply power, and complement other power generation methods for peak shaving and frequency modulation. At the same time, it has a compact structure, a high degree of integration, a small volume, does not require excavation and modification of lunar soil, and is especially suitable for the strict requirements of the current first-phase lunar research station for miniaturization, stability, high efficiency, and engineering simplicity, promoting the practical process of the lunar base energy system.

[0026] Refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 as shown, Figure 1 is the structural explosion diagram of the small-scale adaptive power generation system for the lunar surface shown in the present invention; Figure 2 shows Figure 1Overall composition diagram of the assembled system. As Figure 1 and Figure 2 shown, the present invention provides a small-scale adaptive power generation system for the lunar surface. The system includes a housing with an open top and a hollow interior, and the following components located inside the housing: an energy storage module 6 filled with an energy storage medium; a thermoelectric power generation module 5 including a first thermoelectric power generation module 51 and a second thermoelectric power generation module 52 connected to each other; a thermal expansion module 3 including a thermal expansion sheet 32 and a negative thermal expansion sheet 31; a radiation module 2 at least partially extending out of the top opening of the housing for heat exchange with the external environment; a heat conduction module 4 including an upper heat conduction group and a lower heat conduction group, and the upper heat conduction group includes a first heat conduction plate 41 and a second heat conduction plate 42. Among them, the radiation module 2, the thermal expansion module 3, the upper heat conduction group, the thermoelectric power generation module 5, the lower heat conduction group, and the energy storage module 6 are sequentially arranged in contact with each other from the top to the bottom of the housing. Among them, the positions of the first thermoelectric power generation module 51, the first heat conduction plate 41, and the negative thermal expansion sheet 31 are opposite, and the positions of the second thermoelectric power generation module 52, the second heat conduction plate 42, and the thermal expansion sheet 32 are opposite, so as to drive the first heat conduction plate 41 to contact or disengage from the first thermoelectric power generation module 51 by using the negative thermal expansion sheet 31, and at the same time drive the second heat conduction plate 42 to contact or disengage from the second thermoelectric power generation module 52 by using the expansion sheet.

[0027] Specifically, the system provided in this embodiment is an integrated, small-scale, and adaptive power generation system based on the characteristics of the lunar surface's day-night temperature difference. The main appearance of the system is composed of a housing with an open top and a hollow interior, and multiple functional modules (radiation module 2, thermal expansion module 3, upper heat conduction group, thermoelectric power generation module 5, lower heat conduction group, and energy storage module 6) are sequentially arranged from top to bottom inside the housing. According to the arrangement order, two adjacent modules are arranged in contact, so that while performing their respective functions and cooperating with each other, the space inside the housing can be effectively utilized.

[0028] Among them, the energy storage module 6 is located at the bottommost part inside the housing and occupies most of the space inside the housing. The energy storage module 6 is filled with an energy storage medium, which absorbs heat during the lunar day and releases heat during the lunar night, and transfers the heat to the lower heat conduction group in contact with it, and then transfers it to the thermoelectric power generation module 5 to establish the conditions for thermoelectric power generation.

[0029] Preferably, water is used as the energy storage working medium. Compared with other heat storage materials, water has a higher energy storage density, is pollution-free and easy to recycle, and has more stable physical and chemical properties, and can be used for a long time in the extreme lunar environment. After a large amount of heat absorption, water becomes high-temperature and high-pressure steam, and after heat dissipation, it condenses back into liquid water again to realize the heat cycle of the water medium.

[0030] Among them, the thermoelectric power generation module 5 is arranged above the energy storage module 6 and below the thermal expansion module 3. A lower heat conduction group is arranged between the thermoelectric power generation module 5 and the energy storage module 6 to promote heat transfer between the energy storage module 6 and the thermoelectric power generation module 5. An upper heat conduction group is arranged between the thermoelectric power generation module group and the thermal expansion module 3 to promote heat transfer between the thermal expansion module 3 and the thermoelectric power generation module 5. A radiation module 2 is arranged above the thermal expansion module 3. The radiation module 2 is used for heat exchange with the external environment. For example, it absorbs a large amount of heat during the lunar day, the temperature rises, and the heat is transferred to the thermal expansion module 3; it dissipates heat during the lunar night, the temperature drops, and the cold is transferred to the thermal expansion module 3.

[0031] Among them, the thermal expansion module 3 includes a thermal expansion sheet 32 and a negative thermal expansion sheet 31 with opposite expansion characteristics. The thermal expansion sheet 32 expands when the temperature rises and retracts to its initial state when the temperature drops. Conversely, the negative thermal expansion sheet 31 contracts back to its initial state when the temperature rises and expands when the temperature drops. Therefore, the thermal expansion module 3 (the thermal expansion sheet 32 and the negative thermal expansion sheet 31) expands and contracts with the rise and fall of the temperature, thereby driving the upper heat conduction group (the first heat conduction plate 41 and the second heat conduction plate 42) connected to it to move.

[0032] In this embodiment, the thermal expansion module 3 is fixed below the radiation module 2, and the position between the two is fixed; the upper heat conduction group is fixed below the thermal expansion module 3, and the upper heat conduction group is movably arranged above the thermoelectric power generation module 5. The thermal expansion module 3 is in movable contact with the thermoelectric power generation module 5 through the upper heat conduction group. In the non-expanded state, the upper heat conduction group does not contact the thermoelectric power generation module 5. When expanding, the thermal expansion module 3 drives the upper heat conduction group fixed to it to move towards the thermoelectric power generation module 5 below until the upper heat conduction group contacts the thermoelectric power generation module 5, so that the thermal expansion module 3, the upper heat conduction group, and the thermoelectric power generation module 5 are sequentially in close contact. When contracting, the thermal expansion module 3 drives the upper heat conduction group fixed to it to move away from the thermoelectric power generation module 5 below until the upper heat conduction group is disengaged from the thermoelectric power generation module 5.

[0033] In some embodiments, the lower heat conduction group is in fixed contact with the thermoelectric power generation module 5.

[0034] Specifically, the thermoelectric power generation module 5 includes a first thermoelectric power generation module group 51 and a second thermoelectric power generation module group 52 arranged at a horizontal interval, and the two thermoelectric power generation module groups are electrically connected together. The upper heat conduction group includes a first heat conduction plate 41 and a second heat conduction plate 42 arranged at a horizontal interval. The upper part of the first thermoelectric power generation module group 51 is in movable contact with the first heat conduction plate 41, and the upper part of the first heat conduction plate 41 is fixed on the lower surface of the negative thermal expansion sheet 31. The upper part of the second thermoelectric power generation module group 52 is in movable contact with the second heat conduction plate 42, and the upper part of the second heat conduction plate 42 is fixed on the lower surface of the thermal expansion sheet 32.

[0035] Therefore, due to the opposite expansion characteristics of the thermal expansion sheet 32 and the negative thermal expansion sheet 31, when the radiation module 2 at the top of the housing absorbs heat and its temperature rises, the heat is transferred to the thermal expansion sheet 32 and the negative thermal expansion sheet 31. The thermal expansion sheet 32 expands while the negative thermal expansion sheet 31 contracts. The negative thermal expansion sheet 31 drives the first heat conducting plate 41 to disengage from the first thermoelectric generation module 51, and the thermal expansion sheet 32 drives the second heat conducting plate 42 to contact the second thermoelectric generation module 52. Therefore, the heat absorbed by the radiation module 2 is transferred to the second thermoelectric generation module 52 and will not be transferred to the first thermoelectric generation module 51. A temperature difference is generated on both sides of the second thermoelectric generation module 52 to start power generation during the lunar day, and the temperature of the energy storage module 6 continues to rise, and the energy storage medium therein is heated to become high-temperature and high-pressure water vapor.

[0036] When the radiation module 2 at the top of the housing dissipates heat and its temperature drops, the cold is transferred to the thermal expansion sheet 32 and the negative thermal expansion sheet 31. The thermal expansion sheet 32 contracts while the negative thermal expansion sheet 31 expands. The negative thermal expansion sheet 31 drives the first heat conducting plate 41 to contact the first thermoelectric generation module 51, and the thermal expansion sheet 32 drives the second heat conducting plate 42 to disengage from the second thermoelectric generation module 52. Therefore, the cold of the radiation module 2 is transferred to the first thermoelectric generation module 51 and will not be transferred to the second thermoelectric generation module 52. The temperature of the energy storage module 6 is transferred to the first thermoelectric generation module 51. A temperature difference is generated on both sides of the first thermoelectric generation module 51 to start power generation during the lunar night, and the temperature of the energy storage module 6 continues to drop, and the energy storage medium therein re-condenses into a water medium.

[0037] In this way, the system utilizes the physical response characteristics of the thermal expansion sheet 32 and the negative thermal expansion sheet 31, without an external control circuit, to achieve automatic coupling / decoupling between the heat conduction path and the two thermoelectric generation modules. The system can dynamically select the power generation module on the high-temperature side or the low-temperature side to work according to the change of the external environmental temperature, and achieve spontaneous continuous and efficient power generation day and night.

[0038] It can be known that the change from the lunar day to the lunar night is a continuous and slow process. Therefore, the positions of the thermal expansion sheet 32 and the negative thermal expansion sheet 31 are not switched immediately. During the operation of the entire system, as Figure 7 shown, Figure 7 Fig. shows the schematic diagram of the working states of the small adaptive power generation system for the lunar surface according to the embodiment of the present invention in four stages. The system mainly operates in four stages: In the first stage (the initial period of lunar day), all the water condenses at the bottom inside the energy storage module 6. The temperature of the entire energy storage module 6 is extremely low. The radiation module 2 at the top absorbs solar radiation and quickly heats up, conducting heat to the thermal expansion sheet 32 and the negative thermal expansion sheet 31. The two expansion sheets also quickly heat up. The negative thermal expansion sheet 31 contracts, and the thermal expansion sheet 32 expands. The upper part of the first thermoelectric generation module 51 separates from the first heat conduction plate 41, and the upper part of the second thermoelectric generation module 52 contacts the second heat conduction plate 42. A temperature difference is generated on both sides of the second thermoelectric generation module 52, and continuous power generation begins. The temperature of the energy storage module 6 continues to rise.

[0039] In the second stage (the end period of lunar day), at this time, the internal and external temperature difference of the second thermoelectric generation module 52 is very small. After absorbing heat for a long time during the lunar day, a large amount of high-temperature and high-pressure water vapor has been stored inside the energy storage module 6.

[0040] In the second stage (the initial period of lunar night), at this time, all the water has turned into high-temperature and high-pressure water vapor and is stored in the energy storage module 6. The temperature of the entire energy storage module 6 is extremely high. The radiation module 2 at the top emits heat radiation and quickly cools down, driving the thermal expansion sheet 32 and the negative thermal expansion sheet 31 to also quickly cool down. The negative thermal expansion sheet 31 expands, and the thermal expansion sheet 32 contracts. The upper part of the first thermoelectric generation module 51 contacts the first heat conduction plate 41, and the upper part of the second thermoelectric generation module 52 separates from the second heat conduction plate 42. A temperature difference is generated on both sides of the first thermoelectric generation module 51, and continuous power generation begins. The temperature of the energy storage module 6 continues to decrease.

[0041] In the fourth stage (the end period of lunar night), at this time, the internal and external temperature difference of the first thermoelectric generation module 51 is very small. After dissipating heat for a long time during the lunar night, the water inside the energy storage module 6 has turned into low-temperature ice and condensed at the bottom of the chamber, and the cycle enters the first stage.

[0042] In some embodiments, the lower heat conduction group is fixed to the lower surfaces of the first thermoelectric generation module 51 and the second thermoelectric generation module 52, and at the same time is fixed to the upper surface of the energy storage module 6. The lower heat conduction group can be a heat conduction plate with a relatively large area, and it is advisable that both the first thermoelectric generation module 51 and the second thermoelectric generation module 52 are located within or just within this heat conduction plate, facilitating the heat transfer between the two thermoelectric generation modules and the energy storage module 6 below them.

[0043] In some embodiments, the sizes of the thermoelectric generation modules, heat conduction plates, and expansion sheets with opposite positions fit or are close to each other.

[0044] Preferably, the lower heat conduction group includes a third heat conduction plate 43 and a fourth heat conduction plate 44. The third heat conduction plate 43 is respectively in close contact with the first thermoelectric generation module 51 and the energy storage module 6, and the third heat conduction plate 43 is respectively in close contact with the second thermoelectric generation module 52 and the energy storage module 6. Therefore, the first heat conduction plate 41 and the third heat conduction plate 43 clamp the first thermoelectric generation module 51 in the middle, and the second heat conduction plate 42 and the fourth heat conduction plate 44 clamp the second thermoelectric generation module 52 in the middle, facilitating the heat transfer between the two thermoelectric generation modules and the radiation module 2 and the energy storage module 6 above and below them. At the same time, the size of the lower heat conduction group is further reduced, further meeting the design goals of structural miniaturization and lightweight.

[0045] In addition, when the first thermoelectric generation module 51 and the second thermoelectric generation module 52 are in different working conditions (such as one is generating electricity and the other is waiting as mentioned above), the corresponding heat conduction plates are used separately to ensure the heat transfer between the thermoelectric generation module in the power generation state and the radiation module 2 and the energy storage module 6 above and below it, without allowing heat to escape to other non-contact areas of the heat conduction plate, reducing the structural weight on the premise of ensuring the heat exchange efficiency.

[0046] In some embodiments, the first heat conduction plate 41, the second heat conduction plate 42, the third heat conduction plate 43, and the fourth heat conduction plate 44 are all heat-conducting silicone grease plates.

[0047] In summary, based on the thermoelectric generation technology, the present invention designs an energy storage system with both heat collection and heat rejection functions, combines the heat absorption end and the heat release end, uses the radiation module 2 to simultaneously realize the functions of heat absorption during lunar day and heat release during lunar night, and combines with the use of the thermal expansion module 3. The system can dynamically select the power generation module on the high-temperature side or the low-temperature side to work according to the change of the external environmental temperature, realizing the spontaneous and uninterrupted high-efficiency power generation of the thermoelectric generation module 5, and working in a state of long service life. The modules are highly coupled, the structure is compact, the system integration degree is high, the volume is small, and the whole device is more suitable for the construction needs of lunar scientific research stations and is also suitable for the rapid installation of power generation facilities in extreme climate regions.

[0048] The thermal expansion module 3 is designed with thermal expansion materials and negative thermal expansion materials with opposite expansion characteristics. The expansion materials are used to sense the photothermal changes in the external environment. Due to the special lunar vacuum environment, there is no heat convection in the heat conduction between the heat-conducting silicone grease sheet and the thermoelectric generation module 5, and the heat radiation is less, mainly heat conduction. The on and off of the heat conduction between the thermoelectric generation module 5 and the heat-conducting silicone grease sheet is self-regulated by the expansion and contraction of the two expansion sheets.

[0049] Preferably, the upper end of the first thermoelectric power generation module 51 close to the first heat conducting plate 41 is the cold end, and the lower end in contact with the third heat conducting plate 43 is the hot end; the upper end of the second thermoelectric power generation module 52 close to the second heat conducting plate 42 is the hot end, and the lower end in contact with the fourth heat conducting plate 44 is the cold end. Matching the operation switching states of the above four stages, the fixation of the hot end and the cold end in the same thermoelectric power generation module is realized, so as to realize the constant voltage output direction. The same thermoelectric power generation module does not operate in the reverse direction with the change of day and night, ensuring the efficient and long-term operation of the thermoelectric power generation module 5, and also avoiding the problem of adjusting the voltage to the same direction, thereby improving the service life of the thermoelectric power generation module 5.

[0050] Further, as Figure 6 shown, Figure 6 is a three-dimensional structure diagram of the thermoelectric power generation module 5. The thermoelectric power generation module 5 further includes a voltage regulator 531, a first screw 532 and a second screw 534, a metal terminal 533 and a wire 53. The outer shell of the voltage regulator 531 is made of heat-insulating material and is fixed above the middle of the front side of the energy storage module 6 by the first screw 532 and the second screw 534 respectively. The lower surfaces of the first thermoelectric power generation module 51 and the second thermoelectric power generation module 52 are fixed to the lower heat conducting group, and the lower surface of the lower heat conducting group is fixed to the upper surface of the energy storage container 61 for heat exchange. The positive and negative output ends of the first thermoelectric power generation module 51 and the second thermoelectric power generation module 52 are connected to the metal terminal 533 of the voltage regulator 531 by the wire 53, and the voltage is adjusted to a stable value and output to the electrical appliance.

[0051] Furthermore, the housing includes: a heat-insulating frame 7, and the heat-insulating frame 7 encloses a square space for accommodating a plurality of modules; a plurality of heat-insulating plates 1, which are coated on the periphery of the heat-insulating frame 7, and openings are provided on the corresponding heat-insulating plates 1 at the top of the heat-insulating frame 7, and the openings are used to allow at least part of the radiation module 2 to protrude.

[0052] In this embodiment, the heat-insulating frame 7 may specifically be a frame structure of a cube or a cuboid, and the inside is used to accommodate functional modules such as the energy storage module 6, the heat conducting module 4, and the thermoelectric power generation module 5 in the set order. The heat-insulating plate 1 is specifically an external heat-insulating protective layer, equivalent to a heat-insulating shell, to prevent heat from dissipating from the surrounding of the system. Both the heat-insulating plate 1 and the heat-insulating frame 7 are made of non-metallic materials, so that heat enters from the top heat sink (or dissipates from the top heat sink), and the heat is limited in the three-dimensional heat-insulating structure jointly formed by the heat-insulating plate 1 and the heat-insulating frame 7, thereby controlling the heat transfer to the thermoelectric power generation module 5 for power generation.

[0053] Exemplarily, six heat-insulating and radiation-blocking plates 1 are adhered to the non-metallic heat-insulating frame 7, almost wrapping the entire power generation system, and only the radiation module 2 (the fin 21 and the heat-conducting radiation plate 22) is exposed to communicate with the outside. The heat-insulating plates 1 are integrally and seamlessly connected in the design, as Figure 1As shown, in the exploded view, the first adiabatic plate 11, the second adiabatic plate 12, the third adiabatic plate 13, the fourth adiabatic plate 14, the fifth adiabatic plate 15, and the sixth adiabatic plate 16, which are divided into six different directions for easy observation, are respectively pasted on the top side, the right side, the rear side, the left side, the bottom side, and the front side of the cubic adiabatic frame 7. In order to facilitate the observation of the multi-functional module inside the shell, the sixth adiabatic plate 16 on the front side is not shown. A square notch 111 is provided on the first adiabatic plate 11 on the top side for heat exchange between the fin 21 and the heat-conducting radiation plate 22.

[0054] Among them, the notch 111 opened on the first adiabatic plate 11 is the only window for the entire system to connect with the external thermal environment of the moon, which helps to maintain the adiabatic closure in other directions, strengthen the thermal energy control, and ensure that the radiation module 2 can be exposed to space for heat transfer.

[0055] In another embodiment, the energy storage module 6 includes: an energy storage container 61, with a plurality of accommodation chambers 611 provided inside, and an energy storage medium is accommodated in the accommodation chambers 611; among them, a plurality of pipes 612 are also provided in the energy storage container 61; a plurality of heat pipes 62, and each heat pipe 62 is embedded in each pipe 612.

[0056] Please refer to Figures 3 - 5 , Figure 3 which shows the left view structure diagram of the small-scale adaptive power generation system for the lunar surface; Figure 4 is Figure 3 the sectional view in the A direction in Figure 5 is Figure 3 the sectional view in the B direction in . In this embodiment, the energy storage container 61 in the energy storage module 6 is made of high-strength steel, with a cubic appearance, and is located inside the adiabatic frame 7. The size of the energy storage container 61 is slightly smaller than that of the adiabatic frame 7 and occupies a relatively large position in the space enclosed by the adiabatic frame 7. A plurality of accommodation chambers 611 are dug in the energy storage container 61. The accommodation chambers 611 are specifically cylindrical spherical head chambers, and at the same time, a plurality of pipes 612 are dug. The pipes 612 are specifically L-shaped long tubular cavities. The accommodation chambers 611 are used to store the energy storage working medium (such as water), and the pipes 612 are used to embed the heat pipes 62 to enhance heat exchange.

[0057] Preferably, a porous baffle is also provided in the chamber. A plurality of through holes are opened on the baffle 63, and it is arranged in each accommodation chamber 611 to prevent the steam from boiling violently and impacting the head of the cylindrical spherical head chamber, causing damage. The lower surface of the energy storage container 61 is fixed to the heat insulation fixing plate 8, and the heat insulation fixing plate 8 is also made of non-metallic material. The lower surface of the heat insulation fixing plate 8 is fixed to four adjustable support casters 9. The adiabatic frame 7 is fixed to the side surface of the heat insulation fixing plate 8, and the adiabatic frame 7 is fixed to the heat insulation fixing plate 8 and the adiabatic plate 1, which is equivalent to covering the entire device with a radiation-insulating outer shell.

[0058] Therefore, in the embodiments of the present invention, water is used as the energy storage working medium and stored in the energy storage container 61 with independent multiple chambers. After absorbing a large amount of heat, the water turns into high-pressure steam, and the lunar vacuum environment will generate a large amount of pressure on the device. The independent multiple-chamber design can increase the gas storage capacity of the device, and at the same time increase the heat exchange area of the energy storage medium and accelerate the heat exchange efficiency. Each accommodation chamber 611 is an elongated tubular chamber with strong pressure resistance, a large heat exchange area, and high space utilization. A heat pipe 62 is embedded therein to accelerate heat conduction, with uniform temperature and a compact structure.

[0059] Preferably, each heat pipe 62 is located between multiple accommodation chambers 611, and the heat pipe 62 is parallel to the accommodation chambers 611 in the height direction of the housing. Among them, the energy storage container 61 is placed vertically, and the heat pipe 62 and the accommodation chambers 611 also extend along the vertical direction, and their extension lengths are close, which is consistent with the overall heat flow direction of the module, so that the heat pipe 62 can improve the uniform transfer ability and efficient transfer ability of heat between the cavities with a smaller volume, thereby enhancing the overall energy storage efficiency.

[0060] Preferably, the inner diameter of the heat pipe 62 is smaller than the inner diameter of the accommodation chamber 611.

[0061] In some embodiments, the heat pipes 62 can be evenly spaced between multiple accommodation chambers 611, or can be dispersed or staggered between multiple accommodation chambers 611.

[0062] Preferably, one or more baffles 63 can be provided in each accommodation chamber 611. In the case of multiple baffles 63, the multiple baffles 63 can be spaced along the height direction in the top region of the accommodation chamber 611.

[0063] This embodiment is used to illustrate the radiation module 2. The radiation module 2 includes: a heat-conducting radiation plate 22, which is provided with a first mounting hole 221 and a second mounting hole 222 on one side facing the thermal expansion module 3, and is provided with a plurality of adiabatic struts 23; wherein, a negative thermal expansion sheet 31 is fixed in the first mounting hole 221, a thermal expansion sheet 32 is fixed in the second mounting hole 222, and the adiabatic struts 23 are abutted against the energy storage module 6; a fin group, including a plurality of fins 21, is arranged on the side of the heat-conducting radiation plate 22 facing away from the thermal expansion module 3; wherein, the fin group extends out of the notch 111 opened at the top of the housing, and the heat-conducting radiation plate 22 is located inside the housing.

[0064] In this embodiment, the heat-conducting radiation plate 22 is located inside the housing, and its upper surface is still in contact with the external environment through the notch 111 at the top of the housing, which can effectively collect and dissipate the heat radiation of the external environment. Two mounting holes are provided on the lower surface of the heat-conducting radiation plate 22 to fix the negative thermal expansion sheet 31 and the thermal expansion sheet 32 respectively, further improving the structural integration. The adiabatic support column 23 is also provided on the lower surface of the heat-conducting radiation plate 22 and abuts against the top side surface of the energy storage container 61 of the energy storage module 6 to support the heat-conducting radiation plate 22 and the fin group thereon. The fin group is composed of a plurality of fins 21 arranged, and the whole fin group passes through the notch 111 at the top of the housing to directly radiate heat transfer with the external environment of the moon, which is used to increase the absorption and heat dissipation area in different operating stages and enhance the radiation heat transfer efficiency of the heat-conducting radiation plate 22 to the outside.

[0065] Among them, the height of the adiabatic support column 23 is the distance between the lower surface of the heat-conducting radiation plate 22 and the top side surface of the energy storage container 61, and this distance is designed according to the range that can accommodate the heat-conducting group, the thermoelectric generation module 5 and the upper heat-conducting group, and at the same time accommodate the moving stroke range of the expansion sheet driving the corresponding heat-conducting plate.

[0066] Preferably, there are gaps between the negative thermal expansion sheet 31 and the first mounting hole 221, and between the thermal expansion sheet 32 and the second mounting hole 222.

[0067] As Figure 5 shown, two square holes are opened on the lower surface of the heat-conducting radiation plate 22 as the first mounting hole 221 and the second mounting hole 222, and the negative thermal expansion sheet 31 and the thermal expansion sheet 32 are adhered respectively, and there are gaps between them and the corresponding expansion sheets to prevent stress damage. The lower part of the heat-conducting radiation plate 22 is connected with a non-metallic adiabatic support column 23, and the lower end of the adiabatic support column 23 is connected with the top side surface of the energy storage container 61. The lower surfaces of the two expansion sheets are both combined with the lower heat-conducting group (the first heat-conducting plate 41 and the second heat-conducting plate 42). In the non-expanded state, neither the first heat-conducting plate 41 nor the second heat-conducting plate 42 is in contact with the first thermoelectric generation module 51 and the second thermoelectric generation module 52 in the thermoelectric generation module 5.

[0068] In summary, compared with the defects of the current lunar thermoelectric power generation system, the small-scale adaptive power generation system for the lunar surface proposed by the present invention uses water as the energy storage working medium, adopts an independent multi-chamber design to increase the gas storage capacity of the device, and at the same time increases the heat exchange area of the working medium and speeds up the heat exchange efficiency. The chamber design adopts an elongated tubular chamber, which has strong pressure resistance, a large heat exchange area, and high space utilization. A heat pipe 62 is embedded therein to accelerate heat conduction, with uniform temperature and a compact structure. The design also utilizes negative thermal / thermal expansion materials. The energy storage system has the ability to store both heat and cold, generates a temperature difference with the outside, conducts thermoelectric conversion, and realizes continuous internal self-circulation power generation. The expansion material can control the thermoelectric conversion module 5 to be in a long service life state and operate continuously and efficiently during the lunar day and night. By combining the heat absorption end and the heat release end, through the design of using only one heat conduction radiation plate 22, the functions of heat absorption during the lunar day and heat release during the lunar night are realized simultaneously. The energy storage module 6 and the thermoelectric conversion module 5 are highly coupled and integrated and lightweight designed. The entire device is more suitable for the construction needs of the lunar research station, provides guarantee for the energy supply in the first stage of the lunar research station construction, and also provides reference for the research and development of the energy system in the second stage. In addition, it is also suitable for the rapid installation of power generation facilities in extreme climate regions.

[0069] It should be noted that the embodiments in this specification are all described in a progressive manner. Each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts among the embodiments can be referred to each other.

[0070] It should also be noted that in this text, the orientation or positional relationship indicated by terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation of the present invention. In addition, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations, nor can they be understood as indicating or implying relative importance. Moreover, the term "comprising" or any other variant thereof is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or terminal device comprising a series of elements not only includes those elements, but also includes other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article or terminal device.

[0071] The above has introduced in detail a small-scale adaptive power generation system for the lunar surface. Specific examples are used in this article to elaborate on the principle and implementation manner of this application. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand this application, and the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation on this application. At the same time, for those of ordinary skill in the art, based on this application, there will be various forms of changes in the specific implementation manner and application scope. It is not necessary and impossible to enumerate all the implementation manners here, and the obvious changes or variations derived therefrom are still within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A small adaptive power generation system for the lunar surface, characterized in that, The system includes a housing with an open top and a hollow interior, and located inside the housing: An energy storage module, which is filled with energy storage medium; Thermoelectric power generation module, comprising a first thermoelectric power generation module and a second thermoelectric power generation module connected to each other; A thermal expansion module, comprising a thermal expansion sheet and a negative thermal expansion sheet; A radiation module, at least partially extending from the top opening of the housing, for heat exchange with the external environment; A heat conduction module, comprising an upper heat conduction group and a lower heat conduction group, wherein the upper heat conduction group comprises a first heat conduction plate and a second heat conduction plate; Wherein, the radiation module, the thermal expansion module, the upper heat conduction group, the temperature difference power generation module, the lower heat conduction group and the energy storage module are sequentially arranged in contact from the top to the bottom of the shell; Among them, the first temperature difference power generation module, the first heat conductive plate and the negative thermal expansion sheet are positioned relative to each other, and the second temperature difference power generation module, the second heat conductive plate and the thermal expansion sheet are positioned relative to each other, so that the negative thermal expansion sheet is used to drive the first heat conductive plate to contact or break contact with the first temperature difference power generation module, and the expansion sheet is used to drive the second heat conductive plate to contact or break contact with the second temperature difference power generation module.

2. The small adaptive power generation system for the lunar surface according to claim 1, wherein The lower heat conduction group includes a third heat conduction plate and a fourth heat conduction plate, the third heat conduction plate is respectively in close contact with the first temperature difference power generation module and the energy storage module, and the third heat conduction plate is respectively in close contact with the second temperature difference power generation module and the energy storage module.

3. The small adaptive power generation system for the lunar surface according to claim 1, characterized in that, The housing comprises: A heat-insulating frame, wherein the heat-insulating frame encloses a square space for accommodating a plurality of modules; A plurality of insulation boards are coated on the periphery of the insulation frame, and openings are arranged on corresponding insulation boards on the top of the insulation frame, wherein the openings are used to allow at least a portion of the radiation module to extend out.

4. The small adaptive power generation system for the lunar surface according to claim 1, wherein The energy storage module comprises: The energy storage container has a plurality of accommodating chambers disposed therein, wherein the energy storage medium is accommodated in the accommodating chambers; wherein the energy storage container also has a plurality of pipes disposed therein; A plurality of heat pipes are provided, each of the heat pipes being embedded in each of the pipelines.

5. The small-scale adaptive power generation system for the lunar surface according to claim 4, characterized in that, Each of the heat pipes is located between the plurality of accommodating chambers, and the heat pipes and the accommodating chambers are parallel in a height direction of the housing.

6. The small-scale adaptive power generation system for the lunar surface according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that, The energy storage module further includes a plurality of baffles, at least one of which is disposed in each of the accommodating chambers, and each of the baffles is provided with a plurality of through holes.

7. The small adaptive power generation system for the lunar surface according to claim 1, characterized in that, The radiation module comprises: A heat-conducting radiation plate, with a first mounting hole and a second mounting hole on one side facing the thermal expansion module, and a plurality of heat-insulating pillars; wherein the negative thermal expansion sheet is fixed to the first mounting hole, the thermal expansion sheet is fixed to the second mounting hole, and the heat-insulating pillar is abutted against the energy storage module; A fin group, comprising a plurality of fins, is arranged on a side of the heat-conducting radiation plate away from the thermal expansion module; The fin group extends out of the top opening of the shell, and the heat-conducting radiation plate is located inside the shell.

8. A small adaptive power generation system for the lunar surface according to claim 7, characterized in that There is a gap between the negative thermal expansion sheet and the first mounting hole, and between the thermal expansion sheet and the second mounting hole.

9. The small adaptive power generation system for the lunar surface according to claim 1, wherein The upper end of the first temperature difference power generation module is a cold end, and the lower end is a hot end; the upper end of the second temperature difference power generation module is a hot end, and the lower end is a cold end.

10. A small adaptive power generation system for the lunar surface according to claim 1 or 9, characterized in that The thermoelectric power generation module further includes: A voltage regulator, fixed on the outer surface of the energy storage module; Wires, respectively connecting the first thermoelectric power generation module and the second thermoelectric power generation module to the metal terminals of the voltage regulator.

Images