Wound dressing with reduced microbial growth

Abstract

A wound dressing (12) and related systems and methods are presented. The wound dressing (12) comprises a first electrical lead (18), a second electrical lead (20), a first layer (16) for placement over a wound, and an electrical interface (22). A first electrical lead (18) contacts the first layer (16) and a second electrical lead (20) contacts the first layer (16) and is spaced apart from the first electrical lead (18). The first layer (16) is electrically conductive and forms an uninterrupted resistive conductor between the first electrical lead (18) and the second electrical lead (20). An electrical interface (22) is coupled to the first electrical lead (18) and the second electrical lead (20) and is configured to be operably coupled to a power source (14) for generating an electrical current between the first electrical lead (18) and the second electrical lead (20) via the first layer (16).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The proposed technology generally relates to the field of wound dressings. Specifically, the proposed technology relates to preventing the growth of microorganisms on or in wound dressings.

[0002] Background

[0003] Wound dressings or medical dressings are applied to wounds to promote healing and protect the wounds from further injury. There are many types of dressings. They can be classified as primary dressings that are applied directly to the wound or injury and secondary dressings that are required to secure the primary dressing. Both types can have therapeutic or protective functions.

[0004] Wound dressings are also classified as passive or interactive. Passive dressings generally have the main function of protecting or covering the wound. They are usually used as secondary dressings or as primary dressings for wounds with less exudate. Passive dressings are usually non-occlusive, which means they do not act as a barrier to bacteria. Therefore, bacteria can enter the passive dressing from the outside and multiply inside the dressing. Interactive dressings are usually used to promote healing. This type of dressing is semi-occlusive or occlusive. Semi-occlusive dressings allow water vapor, oxygen, and carbon dioxide to pass through the dressing while acting as a barrier to bacteria. Occlusive dressings prevent gases, liquids, and bacteria from passing through. In both types, a moist environment is maintained at the wound site. This generally helps with healing but may also be suitable for bacterial growth.

[0005] Objective

[0006] The growth of microorganisms in wound dressings can have a negative impact on wound healing. Therefore, the objective of the proposed technology is to inhibit the growth of bacteria and other microorganisms in wound dressings.

[0007] Overview

[0008] In a first aspect of the proposed technology, a wound dressing for covering a wound is proposed, wherein the wound dressing comprises: a first electrode or a first electrical lead, a second electrode or a second electrical lead, a first layer for placement over the wound, and an electrical interface. The first electrode contacts the first layer, the second electrode contacts the first layer and is spaced apart from the first electrode. The first layer is conductive and forms an uninterrupted resistive conductor between the first electrode and the second electrode. The electrical interface is coupled to the first electrode and the second electrode and is configured to be operably coupled to a power source for generating a current between the first electrode and the second electrode via or through the first layer. In other words, the electrical interface is configured to integrate the first electrode, the first layer, and the second electrode in a closed circuit powered by a power source.

[0009] The terms "first electrode" and "second electrode" are used throughout this specification. It should be understood that they may be replaced by the terms "first electrical lead" and "second electrical lead". An electrical lead is understood to be a structure that provides an electrical connection, for example, between two locations or two objects. The first electrical lead, the second electrical lead, and the first layer may be arranged such that an electrolytic cell inherent to the wound dressing is not formed. In other words, the first layer may be free of electrolytes.

[0010] It should be understood that the first layer is conductive in itself and the conductivity is independent of the use. It should be understood that the electrical interface is configured to be electrically coupled to a power source. It may be configured to generate an electric current between the first electrode and the second electrode via the first layer.

[0011] The first layer is conductive and constitutes an uninterrupted resistive conductor between the first electrode and the second electrode, and helps to reduce or prevent electrolysis in or at the first layer, such as electrolysis in the wound exudate absorbed by the first layer. The first layer may be a non-electrolytic conductor. In other words, the first layer may be made of an electron-carrying material. This means that the main charge carriers in the current are electrons rather than ions. It should be understood that the material of the first layer may be made of a composite material. The composite material may consist of a conductive material and a non-conductive or electrically insulating material. It should be understood that the conductive material is arranged to form an uninterrupted resistive conductor between the first electrode and the second electrode. For example, the conductive material may be made of carbon, metal, or a conductive polymer. It should be understood that the non-conductive material may be arranged to support the conductive material within the composite material or within the first layer. For example, the non-conductive material may be cotton, rayon, or an electrically insulating polymer such as polyester or polyurethane.

[0012] The conductive material may be an additive in the non-conductive material. In other words, the conductive material and the non-conductive material may be fused together or inseparable. For example, the conductive material may be carbon black and the non-conductive material may be an electrically insulating polymer such as polyester. Alternatively, the conductive material and the non-conductive material may be separable or divisible. For example, the conductive material may be carbon fiber and the non-conductive material may be cotton or rayon fiber. Then, the material of the first layer may be a woven or non-woven fabric of the conductive material and the non-conductive material.

[0013] The first layer may be made of a dry material. This means that no liquid (such as water) is added to the material or forms a component of the material. The dry material may have a moisture content of less than 10%. This is common for natural or semi-synthetic fibers such as cotton or viscose fibers. The dry material may have a moisture content of less than 1%. This is common for synthetic fibers such as polyester fibers. Here, the moisture content is understood to be the ratio of the mass of water in the material to the total mass of the material. It should be understood that the first layer may be made of a dry material before use, and the exudate from the wound may increase the moisture content of the dry material during use.

[0014] The first layer can be made of a completely solid material. This means that it does not include liquids or quasi - solids or semi - solids, such as hydrogels. In other words, the first layer can be made of a non - amorphous material.

[0015] It should be understood that the first layer is conductive by itself, for example, even in the absence of any exudate contacting the first layer.

[0016] In a second aspect of the proposed technology, a wound dressing system is proposed. The wound dressing system includes: a wound dressing according to the first aspect of the proposed technology, and a power source operably coupled to an electrical interface and configured to generate a current between a first electrode and a second electrode via the first layer for inhibiting or reducing microbial or bacterial growth in and / or on the first layer. In other words, the power source is operably coupled to the electrical interface and arranged to generate a current between the first electrode and the second electrode via the first layer, which current inhibits or reduces microbial or bacterial growth in and / or on the first layer.

[0017] In a third aspect of the proposed technology, a method for reducing microbial growth in and / or on a wound dressing according to the first aspect of the proposed technology is proposed. The method includes: generating a current in the first layer, for example, by a power source operably coupled to the electrical interface.

[0018] In a fourth aspect of the proposed technology, a method for treating a wound using a wound dressing according to the first aspect of the proposed technology is proposed. The method includes: placing the wound dressing over the wound and generating a current in the first layer, for example, by a power source operably coupled to the electrical interface.

[0019] Here, a wound is understood to include a disruption of the continuity of the epithelial layer of the skin or mucosa, such as that caused by physical, thermal, or radiation injury.

[0020] The first layer can be continuous. This means that the first layer has no disconnected partitions. The first layer can have an annular outer edge. The annular outer edge can be rectangular, circular, or have a shape suitable for placement on a wound on a specific body part (such as the elbow or knee). In other words, the annular outer edge can be shaped to conform to a wound on a specific body part.

[0021] The first layer can define a wound area for covering a wound. The wound area can have a first side and an opposite second side. The first electrode can be positioned on the first side, and the second electrode can be positioned on the second side. In other words, the first layer has a wound area located between the first electrode and the second electrode, or the first electrode and the second electrode can define a wound area therebetween. The shortest distance between the first electrode and the second electrode can be greater than 1 cm, or greater than 5 cm. The longest distance between the first electrode and the second electrode can be less than 20 cm, or less than 10 cm.

[0022] The first layer can be inert to the current passing through the first layer. It should be understood that the current is used to inhibit or reduce microbial growth. This means that the structural or chemical properties of the first layer itself are not changed by the current passing through the first layer. This also means that no chemicals or substances are released from the first layer by the current, and there is no electrolytic effect caused by the current in the first layer itself. In other words, the first layer can be arranged to maintain its structural or chemical properties when the current is conducted through the first layer.

[0023] For the wound dressing, the first layer can be elastic, or the wound area of the first layer can be elastic. This enables the wound dressing to better conform to the wound.

[0024] As described above, the wound dressing includes a first electrode and a second electrode. The first electrode contacts the first layer, and the second electrode contacts the first layer and is spaced apart from the first electrode.

[0025] The first electrode can be elongated and extend in a first direction with respect to the wound area. The second electrode can also be elongated and extend in the first direction with respect to the wound area. In other words, the first electrode can be elongated, the second electrode can be elongated, and the first electrode and the second electrode can be aligned. For example, each of the first electrode and the second electrode can be a thin metal strip. Each of the first electrode and the second electrode can be straight. The first electrode and the second electrode can be parallel. The first electrode and the second electrode can be arranged side by side. In summary, this means that the wound area between the first electrode and the second electrode is rectangular, with the first electrode and the second electrode located on opposite sides of the rectangle. The features specified here help to distribute the current over the wound area.

[0026] The first layer may have an inner surface and an outer surface. It should be understood that the inner surface is intended to face the wound, while the outer surface is intended to face away from the wound. The first electrode and the second electrode may be in contact with or connected to the outer surface of the first layer. This is advantageous in a multi-layer wound dressing. Alternatively, the first electrode and the second electrode may be embedded between the inner surface and the outer surface in the first layer. This means that the electrodes are covered by the material of the first layer and they are spaced apart from the inner surface and the outer surface. This is advantageous in a single-layer wound dressing. In other words, the first electrode and the second electrode may be spaced apart from the inner surface. The first electrode and the second electrode may be arranged such that in use they do not contact the wound and the area around the wound, or are spaced apart from the wound and the area around the wound. The first layer may be arranged to separate the first electrode and the second electrode from the wound and the area around the wound in use. This helps to reduce the electrolytic effect in the wound itself, which allows the use of higher currents when extended, and helps to improve the inhibition of microbial growth.

[0027] The first layer may be a single layer. Alternatively, the first layer may consist of a plurality of overlapping, contacting, laminated or interposed conductive layers. The wound dressing may be a single-layer dressing. This means that the first layer is the only layer of the wound dressing.

[0028] The first layer may be arranged to contact the wound. As described above, the first layer may have an annular outer edge. The first layer is sticky only at the outer edge. Alternatively, the entire first layer or the entire inner surface of the first layer may be sticky. Throughout this specification, the sticky property is understood to mean the fixation of the wound dressing on the patient. In other words, if a particular layer or area is specified as sticky, it should be understood that it is configured to fix the wound dressing, for example, at the wound site.

[0029] Alternatively, the entire first layer or the entire inner surface of the first layer may be non-sticky. This means that a dressing support (such as a medical tape) is required to fix or fasten the wound dressing.

[0030] The single-layer dressing may be a passive dressing. A passive dressing is understood to be configured to dehydrate or drain the wound. It should also be understood that a passive dressing may be configured to be hydrated by the wound exudate.

[0031] The single-layer dressing may be a non-occlusive dressing, such as a gauze or muslin dressing. A non-occlusive dressing is herein understood to be a dressing configured to allow the passage of liquids and gases or air. The first layer may be non-occlusive, which means that it allows the passage of liquids and gases or air. It should be understood that a non-occlusive dressing or layer may allow bacteria to pass from outside the dressing or layer to the wound.

[0032] Non - occlusive dressings are typically used for wounds with high exudate levels or moderate bleeding. The first layer of a non - occlusive single - layer dressing can include woven or non - woven fibers, such as cotton or rayon fibers. The first layer of the non - occlusive dressing or the woven or non - woven cotton or rayon can include carbon fibers arranged to make the first layer conductive. The first layer of the non - occlusive dressing can contain a polymer. The polymer itself can be conductive. Alternatively, the polymer can be an electrically insulating polymer, such as polyester, and it can contain additives, such as carbon black or carbon fibers, for making the first layer of the non - occlusive dressing conductive.

[0033] The non - occlusive wound dressing can be a foam dressing. The first layer can include or be formed from a foam material. The foam material can be elastic, thus allowing the area or shape of the first layer to change during use. The foam material can include a polymer, such as polyurethane foam. The polymer can be electrically insulating. The foam material can include additives, such as carbon black or carbon fibers, for making the first layer of the non - occlusive dressing conductive. The foam layer can be a 3D foam layer that includes a 3D structure having channels disposed in the foam layer for facilitating the dehydration or drainage of wound exudate.

[0034] The non - occlusive single - layer dressing can be a primary dressing. A primary dressing is herein understood to be a dressing configured or intended to be in direct contact with the wound. Thus, the proposed technology has the advantage of improved inhibition of microbial growth at the wound. The first layer can be configured or arranged to contact the wound.

[0035] The single - layer dressing can be a secondary dressing for supporting a primary dressing at the wound. It should be understood that the primary dressing is located between the secondary dressing and the wound. This means that the secondary dressing is spaced apart from the wound. However, bacteria can migrate from the secondary dressing to the primary dressing, for example if the secondary dressing is non - occlusive and it becomes wet from an external source, or if the wound exudate level is high and the exudate enters the secondary dressing. The wound dressing as a secondary dressing allows for higher current and voltage across the first layer.

[0036] The single - layer dressing can be an interactive or active dressing. An interactive dressing is understood to be configured to provide a moist environment at the wound or to prevent the wound from drying. The interactive dressing can be configured to promote the healing of the wound.

[0037] The first layer can be configured to maintain a moist environment at the wound. The first layer can be non - absorbent and / or hydrophobic. In other words, the first layer can be made of a hydrophobic material. Alternatively, the first layer can be absorbent and / or hydrophilic. In other words, the first layer can be made of a hydrophilic material.

[0038] A single-layer dressing can be a semi-occlusive dressing or an occlusive dressing. A semi-occlusive or semi-permeable dressing is herein understood to be a dressing configured to prevent the passage of liquids and to allow the passage of gases or air. Semi-occlusive dressings are typically used for superficial or relatively shallow wounds with a low level of exudate. An occlusive dressing or non-permeable dressing is understood to be a dressing configured to prevent the passage of liquids and gases or air.

[0039] The first layer can be semi-occlusive, which means that it prevents the passage of liquids and allows the passage of gases or air. This helps to make the dressing semi-occlusive. Alternatively, the first layer can be occlusive, which means that it prevents the passage of liquids and gases or air. This helps to make the dressing occlusive. It should be understood that semi-occlusive and occlusive dressings prevent bacteria from entering the wound from outside the dressing.

[0040] The wound dressing can be a non-absorbent membrane dressing. The first layer of the semi-occlusive single-layer dressing can comprise or consist of a non-absorbent membrane, such as a polymer membrane. Here, non-absorbent is to be understood in relation to exudate or water from the wound. It should be understood that the membrane must be thin enough for the dressing or the first layer to be semi-occlusive. The membrane can be elastic, thereby allowing the area or shape of the first layer to change during use. The membrane can be an electrically insulating polymer, such as polyurethane, and it can include additives, such as carbon black or carbon fiber, for making the first layer of the semi-occlusive dressing conductive.

[0041] Alternatively, the semi-occlusive wound dressing can be a foam dressing. The first layer can comprise an absorbent foam material or be formed from an absorbent foam material. Here, absorbent is to be understood in relation to exudate or water from the wound. The foam material can include a polymer, such as polyurethane. The polymer can be electrically insulating, and the foam material can include additives, such as carbon black or carbon fiber, for making the first layer of the non-occlusive dressing conductive.

[0042] The occlusive single-layer dressing can be a primary dressing. As defined above, a primary dressing is to be understood as a dressing configured or intended to be in direct contact with the wound. The first layer can be configured or arranged to contact the wound.

[0043] The wound dressing can be a composite dressing. A composite dressing is understood to be a dressing having multiple physiologically or functionally different layers. It should be understood that the first layer of the composite dressing can include any of the features of the first layer described above for single-layer dressings.

[0044] Except for the first layer, the wound dressing may include an outer additional layer. The outer additional layer may be attached to or cover the outer surface of the first layer described above. It should be understood that the outer additional layer may extend from the first layer and may be configured to conform to the area around the wound. The area of the first layer may be smaller than the area of the outer additional layer. It should also be understood that the outer additional layer is positioned outside the first layer relative to the wound. The outer additional layer may be in direct contact with the first layer. The outer additional layer may be attached to or supported by the first layer.

[0045] The outer additional layer may be electrically insulating. For example, it may include an electrically insulating polymer such as polyurethane. This helps prevent current from deviating from its intended path between the first and second electrodes, such as by contact with the wound dressing through an electrical grounding device.

[0046] The outer additional layer may be a backing layer configured to support the first layer relative to the wound. For example, the backing layer may form a sticky border around the first layer or a sticky surface outside the circumferential outer edge of the first layer. In other words, the backing layer may be sticky. It is advantageous for the backing layer to be combined with the non-sticky first layer configured to contact the wound or the area around the wound. For example, the backing layer may be a sticky fabric tape or a polyurethane film, or it may consist of coated paper. The backing layer is understood to be the outermost layer of the wound dressing.

[0047] Alternatively, the outer additional layer may be non-sticky. This means that a dressing support (such as medical tape) is required to fix or fasten the wound dressing.

[0048] The composite dressing may be a passive dressing. The composite dressing may be a non-occlusive dressing. As described above, the first layer may be non-occlusive. Additionally, the outer additional layer may be non-occlusive, which means the composite dressing allows liquids and gases or air to pass through. The outer additional layer may include a woven or non-woven fabric. For example, the fabric may be made of cotton or polyester. Alternatively, the outer additional layer may be made of a foam material.

[0049] The composite dressing may be a primary dressing. Alternatively, the composite dressing may be a secondary dressing for supporting a primary dressing at the wound site.

[0050] The composite dressing may be an interactive or active dressing. As described above, the first layer may be configured to maintain a moist environment at the wound site.

[0051] The composite dressing may be a semi-occlusive or occlusive dressing.

[0052] As described above, the first layer may be non-occlusive or semi-occlusive. The outer additional layer may be semi-occlusive or occlusive. This helps make the dressing semi-occlusive or occlusive.

[0053] The outer additional layer may comprise or consist of a non-absorbent film, such as a polyurethane film. It should be understood that the film must be thin enough so that the dressing or the outer additional layer is semi-occlusive, and the film may be electrically insulating.

[0054] As described above, the first layer may comprise or be formed of an absorbent foam material. In other words, the first layer may be a hydrophilic foam. The outer additional layer may comprise a non-absorbent foam material. In other words, the first layer may be a hydrophilic foam. For example, the foam material of the outer additional layer may comprise a polymer, such as silicone rubber foam. It should be understood that the foam material of the outer additional layer may be electrically insulating.

[0055] In addition to the first layer, or in addition to the first layer and the outer additional layer, the wound dressing may comprise an inner additional layer. The inner additional layer may adhere to or cover the inner surface of the first layer described above. It should be understood that the first layer may extend from the inner additional layer, and the inner additional layer may be configured to adhere to the area of the wound. The area of the inner additional layer may be smaller than the area of the first layer. It should also be understood that the inner additional layer is positioned inside the first layer relative to the wound. This means that the first layer is spaced apart from the wound. The inner additional layer may be in direct contact with the first layer. The inner additional layer may be attached to or supported by the first layer. The inner additional layer may be configured or arranged to contact the wound.

[0056] The inner additional layer may be electrically insulating. For example, it may comprise an electrically insulating polymer, such as polyurethane. The first layer is spaced apart from the wound, which allows for higher currents and voltages across the first layer.

[0057] Alternatively, the inner additional layer may be conductive. This helps to inhibit microbial growth at the wound.

[0058] The entire inner additional layer may be adhesive. Alternatively, the entire inner additional layer may be non-adhesive. In other words, the inner additional layer may be configured not to adhere or stick to the wound (such as granulation tissue).

[0059] The composite dressing may be a passive dressing. The composite dressing may be a non-occlusive dressing. As described above, the first layer and the outer additional layer (if present) may be non-occlusive. Additionally, the inner additional layer may be non-occlusive, which means that the composite dressing allows liquids and gases or air to pass through. For example, the inner additional layer may be a coating on the first layer, such as a porous polymer coating. This is advantageous in combination with the first layer comprising woven and non-woven cotton fibers.

[0060] The coating may be conductive. For example, the coating may comprise carbon black. This helps to reduce microbial growth at the wound.

[0061] The composite dressing can be a primary dressing or be intended to be used as a primary dressing. Alternatively, the composite dressing can be a secondary dressing or be intended to be used as a secondary dressing to support the primary dressing at the wound site. The composite dressing can be an interactive or active dressing. As described above, the first layer can be configured to maintain a moist environment at the wound site. Thus, the proposed technology has the advantage of improved inhibition of microbial growth at the wound site. The first layer can be configured or arranged to contact the wound.

[0062] The composite dressing can be a semi-occlusive dressing or an occlusive dressing. As described above, the first layer can be non-occlusive, semi-occlusive, or occlusive. The inner additional layer can be non-occlusive or semi-occlusive.

[0063] The inner additional layer can include or consist of a non-absorbent membrane, such as a polyurethane membrane. It should be understood that the membrane must be thin enough so that the dressing or the inner additional layer is semi-occlusive, and the membrane can be electrically insulating. This allows for the use of higher currents and voltages in the first layer.

[0064] As described above, the first layer can include an absorbent foam material or be formed of an absorbent foam material. In other words, the first layer can be a hydrophilic foam. The inner additional layer can include a non-absorbent foam material. In other words, the first layer can be a hydrophilic foam. For example, the foam material of the inner additional layer can include a polymer, such as silicone rubber foam. It should be understood that the foam material of the inner additional layer can be electrically insulating. This allows for the use of higher currents and voltages in the first layer.

[0065] As described above, the electrical interface is coupled to the first electrode and the second electrode. In the wound dressing, the electrical interface is configured to be operably coupled to a power source. In the system, the power source is operably coupled to an electrical contact.

[0066] The electrical interface can be supported by the first layer. This is particularly advantageous in a single-layer dressing. The electrical interface can be supported by the above-mentioned outer additional layer or the backing layer. This is advantageous when the outer additional layer or the backing layer is adhesive. If the electrical interface is supported by the outer additional layer or the backing layer, it can be tangentially or horizontally spaced relative to the first layer. This means that when the wound dressing is applied to the wound site, the electrical interface is located beside the first layer.

[0067] The power source can be provided outside the wound dressing or separately from the wound dressing.

[0068] The electrical interface can be configured for power transfer from the power source by resistive or wired means. This applies to alternating current and direct current in the first layer.

[0069] The electrical interface may include a first fixed connector component and a second fixed connector component, where each of the first fixed connector component and the second fixed connector component is a single-terminal connector component. It should be understood that the first fixed connector component and the second fixed connector component are fixed to the wound dressing. It should also be understood that the single-terminal connector component has a single terminal. A terminal is understood to be an end point of an electrical conductor. It should be understood that the first and second fixed connector components are configured to integrate the first electrode, the first layer, and the second electrode in a closed circuit.

[0070] A connector is herein understood to have a fixed connector component and a detachable connector component. This means that the fixed connector component can be configured to mate with the detachable connector component.

[0071] The first fixed connector component or the terminal of the first fixed connector component can be coupled to the first electrode, for example, via a first lead. Similarly, the second fixed connector component or the terminal of the second fixed connector component can be coupled to the second electrode, for example, via a second lead. It should be understood that the first lead and the second lead can be electrically insulated from the first layer. The first and second leads allow the first and second fixed connector components to be spaced apart from the wound area described above. The first and second leads can be flexible, thus allowing the wound dressing to conform to the body shape at the wound site.

[0072] The first fixed connector component and the second fixed connector component can be spaced apart from the wound area described above. For example, the first fixed connector component and the second fixed connector component can be spaced apart from the wound area by at least 1 cm, 2 cm, or 3 cm. This allows the fixed connector components to be manipulated with little interference to the wound.

[0073] The first fixed connector component and the second fixed connector component can each form part of a snap connector or a snap fitting. For example, the terminals of each of the first fixed connector component and the second fixed connector component can be male components of a snap connector. A snap connector is understood to be a connector for which a thrust force must be overcome to dock a detachable connector component onto the fixed connector component and a pulling force must be overcome to detach the detachable connector component from the fixed connector component. It is particularly advantageous for the fixed connector component spaced apart from the wound area to be combined with a snap fitting to reduce the impact on the wound of the force required to dock parts of the snap fitting. Alternatively, the first and second fixed connector components can each form part of a bayonet connector or a bayonet fitting. This helps to reduce the lateral force relative to the patient when connecting the first and second fixed connector components. The first fixed connector component and the second fixed connector component can each be configured to cooperate with a manually openable spring-loaded clamp or clip (such as an alligator clip). This also helps to reduce the lateral force relative to the patient when connecting.

[0074] The first fixed connector component and the second fixed connector component can be located on opposite sides of the wound area. This helps to distribute the load from the wiring connecting the wound dressing to the power source, which further helps to reduce the load on the wound.

[0075] The system can include a first detachable connector component and a second detachable connector component. The first detachable connector component and the second detachable connector component are respectively operably connected to or are configured to be operably connected to the first fixed connector component and the second fixed connector component. In other words, the first detachable connector component and the second detachable connector can operably couple the power source to the electrical interface or be configured to operably couple the power source to the electrical interface, for example, by connecting the first detachable connector component and the second detachable connector to a first electric conduit and a second electric conduit of the power source respectively.

[0076] The electrical interface can include a single fixed connector component, where the single fixed connector component is a multi-terminal connector component. The multi-terminal connector component can also be a two-terminal connector component. It should be understood that a two-terminal connector component has a first terminal and a second terminal. It should be understood that the connector component is configured to integrate a first electrode, a first layer, and a second electrode in a closed circuit.

[0077] The fixed connector component or the first terminal of the fixed connector component can be coupled to the first electrode, for example, by a first lead. Additionally, the fixed connector component or the second terminal of the fixed connector component can be coupled to the second electrode, for example, by a second lead. As described above, the first lead and the second lead can be electrically insulated from the first layer. The first lead and the second lead can be flexible, thus allowing the wound dressing to conform to the body shape at the wound site. The first lead and the second lead can be in the form of electrically insulated wires.

[0078] The fixed connector component can be spaced apart from the wound area described above. For example, it can be spaced apart from the wound area by at least 1 cm, 2 cm, or 3 cm. This allows the electrical interface to be manipulated with little interference to the wound.

[0079] The fixed connector component can form part of a bayonet connector or bayonet mount.

[0080] Compared with a pair of single-terminal fixed connector components, the multi-terminal connector component concentrates the weight of the wire into a small area, which may have the disadvantage of a greater load on the wound. However, it has the advantage of being easier to handle when connecting the wire to the power source.

[0081] The system can include a detachable connector component. The detachable connector component is operably connected to or configured to be operably connected to the fixed connector component. In other words, the detachable connector component can operably couple the power source to the electrical interface or be configured to operably couple the power source to the electrical interface, for example, by connecting the detachable connector component to the first and second electrical conduits of the power source respectively.

[0082] The electrical interface can be configured for wireless power transfer from a power source. This applies to alternating current in the first layer.

[0083] The electrical interface can include a receiver for radio power transfer. The first electrode and the second electrode can form part of the receiver or constitute the receiver. Alternatively, the receiver can be coupled to the first electrode and the second electrode, for example, by the first lead and the second lead. In this way, the receiver is hardwired to the first layer. The receiver can be electrically insulated from the first layer. It should be understood that the first lead and the second lead can be electrically insulated from the first layer. It should be understood that the receiver can be configured to generate a current in the first layer by coupling to a time-varying electromagnetic field. It should also be understood that the receiver can integrate the first electrode, the first layer, and the second electrode in a closed circuit.

[0084] The receiver can be supported by, embedded in, or aligned with the first layer or an external additional layer or backing layer. The receiver can be located between the first electrode and the second electrode, or in the wound area.

[0085] The receiver can be configured to be capacitively coupled to a power source. The receiver can include a first receiver electrode that is coupled to a first electrode, for example, via a first lead. Alternatively, the first electrode can form the first receiver electrode of the receiver. The receiver can include a second receiver electrode that is coupled to a second electrode, for example, via a second lead. Alternatively, the second electrode can form the second receiver electrode of the receiver.

[0086] The first receiver electrode and the second receiver electrode can be supported by, embedded in, or aligned with the first layer. The first receiver electrode and the second receiver electrode can be flexible. For example, each can be formed of a thin metal sheath. This allows the first layer to conform to the area at the wound site when the first layer supports the first and second receiver electrodes.

[0087] It should be understood that the receiver electrodes are configured for capacitive power transfer or coupling to a varying electric field. Here, it should be understood that the electric field is an electromagnetic field dominated by an electric dipole. Capacitive power transfer is understood as coupling in an electrical circuit.

[0088] The system can include a first transmitter electrode that is coupled to a power source, for example, via a first cable. The system can also include a second transmitter electrode that is coupled to a power source, for example, via a second cable. In this way, the power source can wirelessly generate a current in the first layer. It should be understood that the transmitter electrode is configured to cooperate with or be capacitively coupled to the receiver electrode for wireless or capacitive power transfer. It should be understood that the transmitter electrode is configured to generate a time-varying electric field.

[0089] The receiver can be configured to be inductively coupled to a power source. The receiver can include a receiver coil that is coupled to a first electrode and a second electrode, for example, via a first lead and a second lead. The receiver coil can be supported by, embedded in, or aligned with the first layer. The receiver coil can be flexible. This allows the first layer to conform to the area at the wound site when the first layer supports the receiver coil. It should be understood that the receiver coil is configured for inductive transfer or coupling to a varying magnetic field. Here, inductive power transfer is understood as coupling in an electrical circuit.

[0090] The system can include a transmitter coil that is coupled to a power source, for example, via two electrical conduits. In this way, the power source can wirelessly generate a current in the first layer. It should be understood that the transmitter coil is configured to cooperate with or be coupled to the receiver coil for inductive power transfer. It should be understood that the transmitter coil is configured to generate a time-varying magnetic field.

[0091] The receiver can be configured to be electromagnetically coupled to a power source. The receiver can include, for example, a receiver antenna coupled to a first electrode and a second electrode via a first lead and a second lead. The receiver antenna can be supported by, embedded in, or aligned with a first layer. The receiver antenna can be flexible. This allows the first layer to conform to the area at the wound site when the first layer supports the receiver antenna. It should be understood that the receiver antenna is configured for radio-power transfer or coupling to a varying electromagnetic field. Here, radio-power transfer is understood as coupling in an electrical circuit.

[0092] The system can include, for example, a transmitter antenna coupled to a power source via two electrical conduits. In this way, the power source can wirelessly generate a current in the first layer. It should be understood that the transmitter antenna is configured to cooperate with or be coupled to the receiver antenna for radio-power transfer. It should be understood that the transmitter antenna is configured to generate a time-varying electromagnetic field.

[0093] The power source can be configured to be powered by mains or mains utility power. Alternatively, the power source can include a battery carrying stored energy.

[0094] As specified above, the power source can be provided outside or separate from the wound dressing. Alternatively, the wound dressing can include a power source. The power source can be supported or fixed relative to the first layer. The power source can be supported by the above-described external additional layer or backing layer.

[0095] As specified above, the wound dressing includes an electrical interface, and the electrical interface is configured to be operatively coupled to a power source, or it is configured to integrate the first electrode, the first layer, and the second electrode in a closed circuit powered by the power source. The first electrode and the second electrode can form or constitute the electrical interface, or the electrical interface can be structurally integrated with the first electrode and the second electrode. This means that there are no leads connecting the electrical interface to the electrodes, as described above. For example, the first electrode can form or constitute a first fixed connector component or a first receiver electrode, and the second electrode can form or constitute a second fixed connector component or a second receiver electrode. The above means that the power source is coupled to the first electrode and the second electrode and is configured to generate a current between the first electrode and the second electrode via the first layer. In other words, the power source, the first electrode, the first layer, and the second electrode can form part of or be integrated in a closed circuit, where the power source is configured to generate a current in the first layer.

[0096] The current in the first layer can be in the range of 0.001 - 1 mA, 0.001 - 0.01 mA, or 0.01 - 1 mA. Preferably, the current is below 1 mA or 0.1 mA. Preferably, the current is greater than 0.001 mA or 0.01 mA. These currents are beneficial for low exudate levels, low microbial growth levels, and / or under continuous supply of the current. The current in the first layer can be greater than 10 mA, greater than 25 mA, or greater than 50 mA. The current in the first layer can be less than 100 mA, less than 250 mA, or less than 500 mA. These currents are beneficial for high exudate levels, high levels of microbial growth, or intermittent or irregular current supply.

[0097] The current can be generated on the first layer or between the first and second electrodes at a potential in the range of 0.01 - 5 V or 0.1 - 3 V. The potential can be below 5 V, 3 V, or 1 V. The potential can be greater than 0.01 V or 0.1 V. These currents and voltages are beneficial when the first layer is in direct contact with the wound.

[0098] The current in the first layer can be in the range of 0.01 mA to 10 mA, 0.01 mA to 0.1 mA, or 0.1 mA to 10 mA. Preferably, the current is below 10 mA or 1 mA. Preferably, the current is greater than 0.01 mA or 0.1 mA. The current can be generated on the first layer or between the first and second electrodes at a potential in the range of 0.1 - 50 V or 1 - 30 V. The potential can be below 50 V, 30 V, or 10 V. The potential can be greater than 0.1 V, 1 V, 3 V, or 10 V. These currents and voltages are beneficial when the first layer is not in direct contact with the wound.

[0099] The first layer, the first electrode, the second electrode, and the power source can be arranged to generate an electric field in the first layer that is less than 50 V / m, less than 10 V / m, or less than 1 V / m. It should be understood that this is the case where no exudate contacts the first layer. The first layer, the first electrode, the second electrode, and the power source can be arranged to generate a potential difference between the first and second electrodes that is less than 5 V, less than 1 V, or less than 0.1 V. This helps to reduce electrolysis effects.

[0100] It should be understood that the power source is configured to generate a potential. It should be understood that other components can affect the potential, such as the electrical interface.

[0101] The first current can be a direct current. Alternatively, the first current can be an alternating current. The frequency of the alternating current can be between 0.5 kHz and 10 kHz, or between 1 kHz and 5 kHz. The alternating current can have a frequency between 0.5 kHz and 1.5 kHz, between 1.5 kHz and 2.5 kHz, between 2.5 kHz and 3.5 kHz, and / or between 3.5 kHz and 4.5 kHz. Alternatively, the alternating current can have a frequency below 500 Hz, below 200 Hz, below 100 Hz, or below 50 Hz.

[0102] In the case where the first current is a direct current, the power supply can be arranged to regularly switch the polarities of the first electrode and the second electrode. In other words, the power supply can be arranged to regularly change the direction of the current. This helps to achieve a more uniform distribution of the current within the first layer in the presence of current leakage to the surroundings. This also helps to balance any electrolytic effects in the case where exudate is collected by the first layer. The power supply can be arranged to supply the current at a positive electric potential. Alternatively, the power supply can be arranged to supply the current at a negative electric potential.

[0103] The power supply can be configured to supply a pulsed or intermittent current. The pulse can have a combined pulse width over a period, and the combined pulse width is equal to or less than 50%, equal to or less than 10%, or equal to or less than 1% of the period length. This is advantageous in combination with an electrical interface configured for wired power transfer from the power supply, as it allows unsupervised application of the technology. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0105] A more complete understanding of the above and other features and advantages of the proposed technology will be apparent from the following detailed description of various embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying schematic drawings, in which:

[0106] Figure 1 An embodiment of a wound dressing system is shown,

[0107] Figure 2 Another embodiment of a wound dressing system is shown,

[0108] Figure 3 Another embodiment of a wound dressing system is shown,

[0109] Figure 4 Another embodiment of a wound dressing system is shown,

[0110] Figure 5 Another embodiment of a wound dressing system is shown,

[0111] Figure 6 Another embodiment of a wound dressing system is shown,

[0112] Figure 7 shows an alternative wound dressing for a Figure 1 wound system.

[0113] Figure 8 shows an alternative wound dressing for a Figure 3 wound system.

[0114] Figures 9a to 9e shows different embodiments of a wound dressing for wired power transfer, and

[0115] Figures 10a to 10e shows a wound dressing for wireless power transfer corresponding to those embodiments for Figures 9a to 9e the same.

[0116] Description of the Drawings

[0117] In Figure 1 is shown a wound dressing system 10 having a wound dressing 12 and a power source 14. The wound dressing 12 is shown in both a side view and a top view. The power source 14 is external to and separate from the wound dressing 12.

[0118] The wound dressing 12 has a continuous and conductive first layer 16 intended to be placed over the wound. The wound dressing also has a first electrode 18 and a second electrode 20 spaced apart and in contact with the first layer 16. In this way, the first layer 16 forms an uninterrupted electrical conduit or resistive conductor between the first electrode 18 and the second electrode 20. The first electrode 18 and the second electrode 20 are thin metal strips that are straight, parallel, of the same length, and arranged side by side, thus defining a rectangular wound area 28 therebetween for covering the wound.

[0119] The first layer has an inner surface 60 and an opposite outer surface 62. The inner surface 60 is intended to face the wound. The first electrode 18 and the second electrode 20 are embedded between the inner surface 60 and the outer surface 62 in the first layer 16.

[0120] The wound dressing 12 also has an electrical interface 22 that is coupled to the first electrode 18 and the second electrode 18 by a flexible first lead 24 and a flexible second lead 26. The first lead 24 and the second lead 26 are electrically insulated from the first layer 16. The electrical interface 22 is attached to and supported by the first layer 16.

[0121] The electrical interface 22 has a first fixed connector part 30 and a second fixed connector part 32 that are fixed to the first layer 16. Both the first fixed connector part 30 and the second fixed connector part 32 are single-terminal connector parts. The terminal of the first fixed connector part 30 is coupled to the first electrode 18 via the first lead 24, and the terminal of the second fixed connector part 32 is coupled to the second electrode 30 via the second lead 26. The first fixed connector part 30 and the second fixed connector part 32 are spaced apart from the above-mentioned wound area 28 by the first lead 24 and the second lead 26. The first fixed connector part 30 and the second fixed connector part 32 are located on opposite sides of the wound area 28.

[0122] The system 10 has a first detachable connector part 34 and a second detachable connector part 36, and the first detachable connector part 34 and the second detachable connector part 36 are respectively coupled to the power supply 14 via a first electrical conduit 38 and a second electrical conduit 40 in the form of wires. In operation, the first detachable connector part 34 and the second detachable connector part 36 are respectively connected to the first fixed connector part 30 and the second fixed connector part 32. In Figure 1 , the first detachable connector part 32 and the second detachable connector part 34 are shown as being disconnected.

[0123] The first fixed connector part 30 and the second fixed connector part 32 are male members of a snap connector, while the first detachable connector part 34 and the second detachable connector part 36 are mating female members of the snap connector.

[0124] In this way, the electrical interface is operably coupled to the power supply 14. The electrical interface 22 also integrates the first electrode 18, the first layer 16, and the second electrode 20 in a closed circuit powered by the power supply 14. When activated, the power supply 14 generates a current in the first layer 16 between the first electrode 18 and the second electrode 20, which inhibits the growth of microorganisms in or on the first layer 16.

[0125] In Figure 2 , another wound dressing system 10 is shown. The topology and components of this wound dressing system 10 are different from those of the Figure 1 wound dressing system 10 in that the electrical interface 22 has a single fixed connector part 30' fixed to the first layer 16. The fixed connector part 30' is a double-terminal connector part. One of the terminals is coupled to the first electrode 18 via the first lead 24, while the other terminal is coupled to the second electrode 30 via the second lead 26.

[0126] The fixed connector part 30' is spaced apart from the wound area 28 by the first lead 24 and the second lead 26.

[0127] System 10 has a detachable connector component 34′ that is coupled to a power source 14 via a first electrical conduit 38 and a second electrical conduit 40 in the form of electrical wires. In operation, the detachable connector component 34′ is connected to a fixed connector component 30′. In Figure 2 it, the detachable connector component 34′ is shown disconnected.

[0128] The fixed connector component 30′ is the male member of a bayonet connector, and the detachable connector component 34′ is the mating female member of the bayonet connector.

[0129] In Figure 1 and Figure 2 embodiments, the power source 14 is powered by mains electricity. It can supply a direct current in the range of 0.01 - 10 mA to the first layer 16 with a potential difference of 0.1 - 50 V between the first electrode 18 and the second electrode 20. It supplies the current in an intermittent manner, and the cumulative pulse width is less than 1% of the operating time. In an alternative embodiment, it can supply an alternating current in the range of 0.001 - 1 mA between the first electrode and the second electrode and with a frequency in the range of 0.5 kHz to 10 kHz to the first layer 16. It supplies the current in an intermittent manner, and the cumulative pulse width is less than 10% of the operating time.

[0130] In Figure 3 is shown another wound dressing system 10. The components of this wound dressing system 10 differ from those of the wound dressing system 10 in Figure 1 that the electrical interface 22 is configured for wireless power transfer from the power source 14.

[0131] The electrical interface 22 has a receiver 42 for wireless power transfer. The receiver is coupled to the first electrode 18 and the second electrode 20 via a first lead 24 and a second lead 26. The receiver 42 is supported by and aligned with the first layer 16. The receiver 42 is positioned outside the wound area 28.

[0132] The receiver 42 has a flexible first receiver electrode 44 in the form of a thin metal sheath, and the flexible first receiver electrode 44 is coupled to the first electrode 18 via the first lead 24. The receiver 42 also has a flexible second receiver electrode 46 in the form of a thin metal sheath, and the flexible second receiver electrode 46 is coupled to the second electrode 20 via the second lead 26. The first receiver electrode 44 and the second receiver electrode 46 are supported by and aligned with the first layer 16.

[0133] The first receiver electrode 44 and the second receiver electrode 46 can be coupled to a varying electric field. In this way, the receiver 42 is configured to be capacitively coupled to the power source 14.

[0134] System 10 has a first emitter electrode 48 that is coupled to a power supply 14 through a first electrical conduit 38 in the form of a cable. System 10 also has a second emitter electrode 50 that is coupled to the power supply 14 through a second electrical conduit 40 in the form of a cable. The first emitter electrode 48 and the second emitter electrode 50 can be capacitively coupled to a first receiver electrode 44 and a second receiver electrode 46.

[0135] In this way, the receiver 42 integrates the first electrode 18, the first layer 16, and the second electrode 20 in a closed circuit, and the receiver 42 is configured to generate a current in the first layer 16 by coupling to a time-varying electric field. In an extension, the electrical interface 22 is configured for wireless power transfer from the power supply 14.

[0136] In Figure 4 Another wound dressing system 10 is shown. The components of this wound dressing system 10 differ from those of the Figure 3 wound dressing system 10 in that the first electrode 18 and the second electrode 20 contact and are connected to the outer surface 62 instead of being embedded in the first layer 16.

[0137] The receiver 42 also has a flexible receiver coil 52 that is coupled to the first electrode 18 through a first lead 24 and to the second electrode 20 through a second lead 26. The receiver coil 52 is embedded in the first layer 16 and is aligned with the first layer 16. The receiver coil 52 can be coupled to a changing magnetic field. In this way, the receiver 42 is configured to be inductively coupled to the power supply 14.

[0138] System 10 has a transmitter coil 54 that is coupled to the power supply 14 through a first electrical conduit 38 and a second electrical conduit 40 in the form of cables. The transmitter coil 54 can be inductively coupled to the receiver coil 52. In this way, the receiver 42 is configured to generate a current in the first layer 16 by coupling to a time-varying magnetic field.

[0139] In Figure 5 Another wound dressing system 10 is shown. The components of this wound dressing system 10 differ from those of the Figure 4 wound dressing system 10 in that the first electrode 18, the second electrode 20, and the receiver 42 are embedded in the first layer 16. Additionally, the receiver 42 is a flexible receiver antenna 56 that is coupled to the first electrode 18 through a first lead 24 and to the second electrode 20 through a second lead 26. The receiver coil 56 can be coupled to a changing electromagnetic field. In this way, the receiver 42 is configured for radio power transfer.

[0140] System 10 has a transmitter antenna 58 that is coupled to a power source 14 via a first electrical conduit 38 and a second electrical conduit 40 in the form of cables. The transmitter antenna 58 can be coupled to a receiver antenna 56 for radio power transfer. In this way, the receiver 42 is configured to generate a current in the first layer 16 by coupling to a time-varying electromagnetic field.

[0141] In Figures 3 to 5 an implementation, the power source 14 is powered by mains electricity. It can supply an alternating current between the first electrode and the second electrode in the range of 0.001 - 1 mA and with a frequency in the range of 0.5 kHz and 10 kHz to the first layer 16. It supplies the current in an intermittent manner, and the cumulative pulse width is less than 10% of the operating time.

[0142] In Figure 6 is shown another wound dressing system 10. The components of this wound dressing system 10 are different from those of the Figure 2 wound dressing system 10 in that the wound dressing 12 does not have an electrical interface. Instead, the power source 14 is fixed to the first layer 16 and is coupled to the first electrode 18 via a first lead 24 and to the second electrode 20 via a second lead 26. The power source 14, the first electrode 18, the first layer 16, and the second electrode 20 form part of a closed circuit. In this way, the power source 14 is configured to generate a current between the first electrode 18 and the second electrode 20 via the first layer 16. The power source 14 includes a battery, which makes the system 10 fully portable. The power source 14 can supply a direct current in the range of 0.001 - 1 mA to the first layer 16 with a potential difference between the first electrode and the second electrode of 0.01 - 5 V. It supplies the current in an intermittent manner, and the cumulative pulse width is less than 50% of the operating time.

[0143] Figure 7 is shown an alternative wound dressing 12 for the Figure 1 wound system 12. The wound dressing 12 is different in that the first electrode 18 and the second electrode 20 are thin metal sheaths, where a first fixed connector component 30 is structurally integrated with the first electrode 18 and a second fixed connector component 32 is structurally integrated with the second electrode 20. In this way, the first electrode 18 and the second electrode 20 form an electrical interface 22.

[0144] Figure 8 is shown for Figure 3The alternative wound dressing 12 of the wound system 12. The wound dressing 12 is different in that the first electrode 18 and the second electrode 20 are thin metal sheaths embedded in the first layer 16. The first electrode 18 constitutes the first receiver electrode 44, and the second electrode 20 constitutes the second receiver electrode 46. In this way, the first electrode 18 and the second electrode 20 form the electrical interface 22.

[0145] Figures 1 to 8 Different single-layer wound dressings 12 are shown. The first layer 16 is inert to the current supplied by the power supply 14. In the illustrated embodiment, the wound dressing 12 is an interactive, adhesive, non-absorbent, and semi-occlusive film dressing intended to be used as a primary dressing. The first layer 16 is a polyurethane hydrophobic film with a carbon black additive, which makes the first layer conductive. In an alternative embodiment, the film dressing is an interactive, occlusive, and adhesive primary or secondary dressing. The first layer 16 is a hydrophobic film of silicone rubber with a carbon black additive.

[0146] In other alternative embodiments, the wound dressing 12 is an interactive, non-adhesive, semi-occlusive, and absorbent foam dressing intended to be used as a primary or secondary dressing. The first layer 16 is composed of a hydrophilic polyurethane foam with a carbon black additive, which makes the first layer conductive. In other alternative embodiments, the wound dressing 12 is a passive, non-adhesive, and non-occlusive gauze or muslin dressing intended to be used as a primary or secondary dressing. The first layer 16 is composed of woven or non-woven cotton fibers or rayon fibers, with carbon fibers added to make the first layer 16 conductive.

[0147] Figures 9a to 9e An embodiment of different multi-layer wound dressings 12 is shown. The electrical interface 22 corresponds to the electrical interface described with respect to Figure 1 The first layer 16 is inert to the current supplied by the power supply 14. In other embodiments (not shown), the electrical interface 22 and the first electrode 18 and the second electrode 20 correspond to those described with reference to Figure 2 described.

[0148] In Figure 9a 's embodiment, the first layer 16 is composed of a hydrophilic polyurethane foam with a carbon black additive, which makes the first layer 16 conductive. The wound dressing 12 also has an external additional layer 64, which is attached to and covers the outer surface 62 of the first layer 16. The shape and area of the external additional layer 64 match the shape of the first layer 16. The external additional layer 64 is composed of an electrically insulating hydrophobic foam of silicone rubber. The wound dressing 12 is interactive, adhesive, and semi-occlusive, and is intended to be used as a primary dressing. The electrical interface 22 is supported by the external additional layer 64.

[0149] In Figure 9bIn an embodiment, the first layer 16 is composed of a hydrophilic polyurethane foam with a carbon black additive. The wound dressing 12 further has an internal additional layer 66, which is attached to and covers the inner surface 60 of the first layer 16. The shape and area of the internal additional layer 66 match the shape of the first layer 16. The internal additional layer 66 is composed of an electrically insulating and hydrophilic polyurethane rubber. The wound dressing 12 is interactive, adhesive, and semi-occlusive, and is intended to be used as a primary dressing. The electrical interface 22 is supported by the first layer 16.

[0150] In Figure 9c In an embodiment, the first layer 16 is composed of non-woven rayon fibers, and carbon fibers are added to make the first layer 16 conductive. The wound dressing 12 further has an external additional layer 64, which is attached to and covers the outer surface 62 of the first layer 16. The shape and area of the external additional layer 64 match the shape of the first layer 16. The external additional layer 64 is composed of an electrically insulating semi-occlusive polyurethane film. The wound dressing 12 further has an internal additional layer 66, which is attached to and covers the inner surface 62 of the first layer 16. The shape and area of the internal additional layer 66 match the shape of the first layer 16. The internal additional layer 66 is composed of an electrically insulating porous polymer coating. The wound dressing 12 is passive, non-adhesive, and semi-occlusive, and is intended to be used as a primary dressing. The electrical interface 22 is supported by the external additional layer 64.

[0151] In Figure 9d In an embodiment, the first layer 16 is composed of woven cotton fibers, and carbon fibers are added to make the first layer 16 conductive. The wound dressing 12 further has an external additional layer 64, which is attached to and covers the outer surface 62 of the first layer 16. The shape of the external additional layer 64 matches the shape of the first layer 16, but its area is larger than that of the first layer 16 and extends from the first layer 16. The first layer 16 is non-adhesive and the external additional layer 64 is adhesive, and the external layer 64 adheres the wound dressing 12 to the wound. The external additional layer 64 is composed of an electrically insulating, perforated, and coated paper. The wound dressing 12 is passive, adhesive, and non-occlusive, and is intended to be used as a secondary dressing. The first fixing connector member 30 and the second fixing connector member 32 are supported by the external additional layer 64 and are tangentially spaced apart from the first layer 16. This means that the electrical interface 22 is spaced apart from the wound area.

[0152] In Figure 9e In an embodiment, the wound dressing 12 has the same as Figure 9cLayers that are the same as those of the embodiment, except that the outer attachment layer 64 has a larger area than the first layer 16 and extends from the first layer 16. The first layer 16 is non - sticky and the outer attachment layer 64 is sticky, and the outer layer 64 adheres the wound dressing 12 to the wound. The wound dressing 12 is passive, sticky, and semi - occlusive, and is intended to be used as a primary dressing. The first fixed connector component 30 and the second fixed connector component 32 are supported by the outer attachment layer 64 and are tangentially spaced apart from the first layer 16. This means that the electrical interface 22 is spaced apart from the wound area.

[0153] Figures 9a to 9e Shows an embodiment of a different multi - layer wound dressing 12. The electrical interface 22 corresponds to the electrical interface described with respect to Figure 3 In other embodiments (not shown), the electrical interface 22, as well as the first electrode 18 and the second electrode 20, correspond to those described with reference to Figures 4 to 6 Figures 10a to 10e The corresponding wound dressing 12 in has the same layers as Figures 9a to 9e In Figure 9d and Figure 9e embodiments, the first receiver electrode 44 and the second receiver electrode 46 are supported by the outer attachment layer 64 and are tangentially spaced apart from the first layer 16. This means that the electrical interface 22 is spaced apart from the wound area.

[0154] Glossary

[0155] 10 Wound dressing system

[0156] 12 Wound dressing

[0157] 14 Power source

[0158] 16 First layer

[0159] 18 First electrode or first electrical lead

[0160] 20 Second electrode or second electrical lead

[0161] 22 Electrical interface

[0162] 24 First lead

[0163] 26 Second lead

[0164] 28 Wound area

[0165] 30 First fixed connector component

[0166] 30′ Fixed connector component

[0167] 32 Second fixed connector component

[0168] ​34 First detachable connector component

[0169] 34′ Detachable connector component

[0170] 36 Second detachable connector component

[0171] 38 First electrical conduit

[0172] 40 Second electrical conduit

[0173] 42 Receiver

[0174] 44 First receiver electrode

[0175] 46 Second receiver electrode

[0176] 48 First transmitter electrode

[0177] 50 Second transmitter electrode

[0178] 52 Receiver coil

[0179] 54 Transmitter coil

[0180] 56 Receiver antenna

[0181] 58 Transmitter antenna

[0182] 60 Inner surface

[0183] 62 Outer surface

[0184] 64 External additional layer

[0185] 66 Internal additional layer.

Claims

1. A wound dressing (12) for covering a wound, wherein the wound dressing (12) comprises: A first electrical lead (18), A second electrical lead (20), A first layer (16) for placement over the wound, and An electrical interface (22), Wherein the first electrical lead (18) contacts the first layer (16), The second electrical lead (20) contacts the first layer (16) and is spaced apart from the first electrical lead (18), The first layer (16) is conductive and forms an uninterrupted resistive conductor between the first electrical lead (18) and the second electrical lead (20), The electrical interface (22) is coupled to the first electrical lead (18) and the second electrical lead (20) and is configured to be operatively coupled to a power source (14) for generating a current between the first electrical lead (18) and the second electrical lead (20) via the first layer (16), wherein the first layer (16) is inert to the current passing through the first layer (16).

2. The wound dressing (12) according to claim 1, wherein, The first layer (16) defines a wound area (28) for covering the wound, the wound area (28) having a first side and an opposite second side, and the first electrical lead (18) is located on the first side, and the second electrical lead (20) is located on the second side.

3. The wound dressing (12) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, The first layer (16) has an inner surface (60) and an outer surface (62), and the first electrical lead (18) and the second electrical lead (20) contact the outer surface (62) of the first layer (16).

4. The wound dressing (12) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein The first layer (16) has an inner surface (60) and an outer surface (62), and the first electrical lead (18) and the second electrical lead (20) are embedded between the first inner surface (60) and the outer surface (62) in the first layer (16).

5. The wound dressing (12) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the wound dressing (12) is a single-layer dressing.

6. The wound dressing (12) according to claim 5, wherein, The entire first layer (16) is adhesive.

7. The wound dressing (12) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the wound dressing (12) further comprises: - An external additional layer (64) attached to the first layer (16), wherein the external additional layer (64) is electrically insulating.

8. The wound dressing (12) according to claim 7, wherein, The external additional layer (64) is an adhesive backing layer extending from the first layer (16).

9. The wound dressing (12) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the wound dressing (12) further comprises: An internal additional layer (66) attached to the first layer (16), wherein the internal additional layer (66) is electrically insulating.

10. The wound dressing (12) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein, The electrical interface (22) is configured for wired power transfer from the power source (14), and the electrical interface (22) includes a first fixed connector part (30) and a second fixed connector part (32), wherein each of the first fixed connector part (30) and the second fixed connector part (32) is a single-terminal connector part, the first fixed connector part (30) is coupled to the first electrical lead (18) by a first electrical lead (24), and the second fixed connector part (32) is coupled to the second electrical lead (20) by a second electrical lead (26), the first layer (16) defines a wound area (28) for covering the wound, and the first fixed connector part (30) and the second fixed connector part (32) are spaced apart from the wound area (28).

11. The wound dressing (12) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein, The electrical interface (22) is configured for wired power transfer from the power source (14), and the electrical interface (22) includes a single fixed connector part (30'), wherein the single fixed connector part (30') is a dual-terminal connector part, wherein the fixed connector part (30') is coupled to the first electrical lead (18) by a first electrical lead (24) and coupled to the second electrical lead (20) by a second electrical lead (26), the first layer (16) defines a wound area (28) for covering the wound, and the fixed connector part (30') is spaced apart from the wound area (28).

12. The wound dressing (12) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein, The electrical interface (22) is configured for wireless power transfer from the power source (14), the electrical interface (22) includes a receiver (42) for wireless electrical power transfer, and the first electrical lead (18) and the second electrical lead (20) form part of the receiver (42).

13. The wound dressing (12) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the electrical interface (22) is configured for wireless power transfer from the power source (14), wherein the electrical interface (22) includes a receiver (42) for wireless electrical power transfer, the receiver (42) is coupled to the first electrical lead (18) by a first electrical lead (24) and coupled to the second electrical lead (20) by a second electrical lead (26), and the receiver (42) is positioned between the first electrical lead (18) and the second electrical lead (20).

14. A wound dressing system (10), wherein the wound dressing system (10) comprises: The wound dressing (12) according to any one of claims 1 to 13, and A power source (14) operatively coupled to the electrical interface (22) and configured to generate a current between the first electrical lead (18) and the second electrical lead (20) via the first layer (16) to inhibit or reduce microbial or bacterial growth in and / or on the first layer (16).

15. A method for reducing microbial growth in and / or on a wound dressing (12) according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the method comprises: generating an electric current in the first layer (16).

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