Site selection method for generally selecting high depression as upper reservoir of pumped storage power station based on GIS (Geographic Information System)

Abstract

The invention relates to a GIS-based site selection method for generally selecting a high depression as an upper reservoir of a pumped storage power station, and relates to the technical field of site selection of pumped storage power stations. Identifying and extracting depression as a generally selected site by using a maximum closed contour line; basic engineering attributes of the generally selected site are calculated; upper reservoir sites meeting the basic construction conditions are screened out according to terrain attributes; and carrying out scoring calculation on the optimal sites to obtain an optimal sequence. According to the method, the closed high-position depression meeting the construction requirement near the sufficient water source is screened out as the optimal site by utilizing important terrain indexes, and the shortest water delivery path and the optimal sequence of the upper reservoir and the lower reservoir are given, so that batch, accurate and rapid site selection is realized, and the site selection efficiency of the pumped storage power station is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of pumped-storage power station site selection, and specifically relates to a method for selecting a high-lying depression as the upper reservoir of a pumped-storage power station based on GIS general selection. Background Art

[0002] As a negative terrain, a depression has less excavation volume and can save a large amount of investment in excavation and support. Natural high-lying depressions on both sides of the water source have the advantage of head potential energy. Moreover, the areas where high-lying depressions are developed often have rich wind resources and light resources, which can provide an energy source for the integrated construction of "water, wind, and light" multi-energy complementarity. Therefore, high-lying depressions have become ideal sites for constructing the upper reservoir of a pumped-storage power station. Especially in the context of increasingly scarce land resources, the locational resource advantage of using high-lying depressions as the upper reservoir of a pumped-storage power station has become even more obvious.

[0003] However, there are technical problems in site selection such as difficult index quantification, huge data, complex process, and low efficiency in screening natural high-lying depressions that meet the requirements for constructing the upper reservoir of a pumped-storage power station within a large range. In the past, the general survey and site selection work for pumped-storage reservoir construction mostly relied on field surveys for manual comparison, or only screened candidate sites within a relatively small range. These methods are time-consuming and laborious, with low efficiency, and are greatly affected by subjective human factors during the general selection within a large-scale proposed selection area and the screening of a large number of candidate site addresses.

[0004] In recent years, with the development of geographic information technology, the site selection efficiency of pumped-storage power stations has been greatly improved. However, many deficiencies have also been exposed. From the perspective of the site selection scope, Chinese Patent CN116644286A discloses a method for identifying pumped-storage power station sites applicable to multiple spatial scales, but this method is only applicable to using existing reservoirs as alternative site addresses, missing many site addresses with excellent topographic conditions; from the perspective of site selection accuracy, Chinese Patent CN118863242A discloses a method, system, device, and medium for site selection of a pumped-storage power station based on an existing reservoir using GIS. By presetting a buffer distance to screen site addresses, the results are greatly affected by the preset value; Chinese Patent CN118536657A discloses a method for site selection of a pumped-storage power station, an electronic device, and a storage medium. From the perspective of the site selection method, topographic low points are extracted from the digital elevation model data of the research area as candidate site addresses, without fully considering the topographic advantages and water source conditions of the upper and lower reservoirs. In practice, it is found that the target low points extracted by this patent are limited by the preset depth threshold, and the determination of the candidate catchment area and the calculation operation of the storage capacity can only be carried out for a single target point, which is not conducive to batch screening within a large range.

[0005] Therefore, in view of the above problems, the research team proposed a method to select high-lying depressions near the water source that meet the construction requirements as the preferred site using important topographic indicators, and give the shortest water conveyance path and the optimal sorting of the upper and lower reservoirs, so as to achieve batch, accurate and rapid site selection. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to solve the above problems, the object of the present invention is to provide a method for selecting the upper reservoir site of a pumped-storage power station by generally selecting high-lying depressions based on GIS, so as to achieve rapid site selection of the pumped-storage power station, including the following steps: S100. Obtain data of the upper reservoir and the lower reservoir in the area to be generally selected; S200. Use the maximum closed contour line to identify and extract the depression as the generally selected site; S300. Calculate the basic engineering attributes of the generally selected site; S400. Screen out the upper reservoir site that meets the basic construction conditions according to the topographic attributes; S500. Calculate the scores of the preferred sites to obtain the optimal sorting; Further, the S100 specifically includes the following steps: S101. According to the planning requirements, determine the data boundary of the area to be generally selected, and establish boundary vector data; S102. Obtain the digital elevation model data of the area to be generally selected through public website materials or UAV aerial photography. The higher the accuracy of this data, the more beneficial it is for site selection; S103. Obtain the water source data in the area to be generally selected through public website materials, including the geographic vector data of water sources such as rivers, lakes, reservoirs, and the sea; Further, the S200 specifically includes the following steps: S201. Use the digital elevation model data for hydrological analysis to obtain a non-depressed area, and then use a raster calculator to calculate the difference between the non-depressed digital elevation model and the digital elevation model obtained in S102. The digital elevation model difference is the depression depth value, and then perform reclassification, dividing it into areas with a depth of 0 and areas less than 0. Merge the reclassified results, convert the raster area after region merging into a vector surface. At this time, the vector surface is the preliminary area of the site; S202. Extract by mask using the digital elevation model data obtained in S102 and the preliminary site area obtained in S201 to obtain the digital elevation model data of the preliminary site area, generate contour lines in the preliminary area, convert the contour lines into contour surfaces, and use the topological structure relationship of the collinear contour surfaces to extract the largest closed contour surface as the upper reservoir site range, and use this as the generally selected site. On this basis, screen out the upper reservoir that meets the construction conditions.

[0007] Further, the S300 specifically includes the following steps: S301. Using the general election site vector data extracted in S202, and taking the digital elevation model data of the proposed site selection area obtained in S102 as input data, use the mask extraction tool in GIS to obtain the digital elevation model data of each general election site; S302. Taking the digital elevation model data of the general election site obtained in S301 as the raster surface before filling and excavation, and taking the non-sunken area obtained in S201 as the raster surface after filling and excavation, calculate the volume change between the two volume surfaces, which is the volume of the general election site; S303. Taking the general election site vector data extracted in S202 as the statistical area, and taking the digital elevation model data of the general election site obtained in S301 as the original data containing statistical data values, use the zonal statistics tool in GIS to statistically calculate the minimum elevation within the general election site area, and take this as the valley bottom elevation of the general election site; S304. According to the water source vector data within the proposed general election area obtained in S103 and the data of each general election site extracted in S202, conduct a nearest neighbor analysis to extract the shortest distance and location from the general election site of the upper reservoir to the water source, and take this location as the lower reservoir matched with the upper reservoir; S305. S304 only extracts the location of the lower reservoir. Therefore, the XY coordinates of the upper reservoir need to be used as the starting point coordinates of the line segment, and the XY coordinates of the lower reservoir need to be used as the ending point coordinates of the line segment. Use the XY to line conversion to construct a line feature. At this time, the obtained line feature is the shortest water conveyance path between the upper and lower reservoirs; S306. Conduct a geographic intersection process on the shortest water conveyance path between the upper and lower reservoirs and the water source vector data within the proposed general election area obtained in S103. The intersection point is the lower reservoir site; S307. Based on the XY coordinates of the upper reservoir site and the XY coordinates of the lower reservoir site, use the distance formula between two points L = to calculate the horizontal distance between the upper and lower reservoirs (X1 and Y1 represent the X and Y coordinates of the upper reservoir site respectively, and X2 and Y2 represent the X and Y coordinates of the lower reservoir site respectively); S308. Based on the digital elevation model data of the proposed site selection area obtained in S102 and the location of the lower reservoir site obtained in S306, use the extract values to points tool to obtain the elevation value of the lower reservoir site. Subtract this elevation value from the valley bottom elevation value of the general election site obtained in S303 to get the water head between the upper and lower reservoirs; S309. Calculate the ratio of the horizontal distance between the upper and lower reservoirs obtained in S307 to the water head between the upper and lower reservoirs obtained in S308. The result is the distance-height ratio between the upper and lower reservoirs.

[0008] Furthermore, the S400 screening conditions according to volume and distance-to-height ratio are: V1≤volume≤V2 and H1≤head≤H2 and L1≤distance-to-height ratio≤L2 (V1 is the minimum allowable volume of the upper reservoir, V2 is the maximum allowable volume of the upper reservoir; H1 is the minimum allowable head of the upper and lower reservoirs, H2 is the maximum allowable head of the upper and lower reservoirs; L1 is the minimum allowable distance-to-height ratio of the upper and lower reservoirs, L2 is the maximum allowable distance-to-height ratio of the upper and lower reservoirs).

[0009] Furthermore, the S500 scores the preferred sites to obtain the optimal ranking, sets different interval values and corresponding scores for the volume, head, and height-to-height ratio of the preferred sites in the proposed site selection area according to construction needs, calculates the total score of each preferred site, and ranks the preferred sites from high to low. Furthermore, different interval values and corresponding scores are set for the volume, head, and distance-to-height ratio obtained by optimizing the site in the proposed site selection area in S500. Specifically, the volume is divided into three sections with A1 and A2 as the dividing lines. When A1 <V≤V2,则评分100,当A2<V≤A1,则评分75,当V1<V≤A2,则评分50;水头以B1、B2为分界线分为3段,当H1<H≤B2,则评分100,当B2<H≤B1,则评分75,当B1≤H≤H2,则评分50;距高比以C1、C2为分界线分为3段,当L1≤L≤C1,则评分100,当C1<L≤C2,则评分75,当C2<V≤L2,则评分50;计算各优选站址的评分总和,并由高到低对优选站址进行排序。

[0010] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: through data collection and processing, standby data for the upper and lower reservoirs are obtained; maximum closed contour lines are used to identify and extract depressions as the general candidate site for the upper reservoir; the upper reservoir's nearest water source, such as rivers, lakes, reservoirs, and the sea, is analyzed as the lower reservoir; and terrain factors that can be quickly and quantitatively extracted and analyzed and are decisive for engineering projects, such as volume, head, and distance-to-height ratio, are calculated; volume, head, and distance-to-height ratio values are obtained through terrain digital analysis methods such as mask extraction, cut-and-fill calculation, zoning statistics, nearest neighbor analysis, XY line conversion, intersection, and value extraction to points; then, the upper reservoir site that meets basic construction conditions and the shortest water transfer path between the upper and lower reservoirs are screened based on volume, head, and distance-to-height ratio values, and different interval values and corresponding scores are set for optimal sorting. This achieves the large-scale, precise, and rapid selection of closed depressions on high ground on both sides of the water source as pumped-storage power station sites, and accurately obtains the optimal site in the proposed site area through score sorting, greatly improving the site selection efficiency of pumped-storage power stations. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0011] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of a specific embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the general election area depression distribution for the specific embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the shortest water conveyance path between the upper and lower reservoirs and the lower reservoir site for the specific embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 Table of calculation results of the basic engineering attributes of the general election site for the specific embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 Schematic diagram of one of the preferred upper reservoir sites that meet the basic construction conditions screened out for the specific embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 Table of scoring and optimal ranking results for the preferred sites for the specific embodiment of the present invention. Specific embodiment

[0012] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Here, the illustrative embodiments of the present invention and the descriptions are used to explain the present invention, but not to limit the present invention.

[0013] A method for selecting a site for the upper reservoir of a pumped-storage power station by general election of high-lying depressions based on GIS, the process schematic diagram is as Figure 1 , including the following steps: S100. Obtain the data of the upper reservoir and the lower reservoir in the area to be generally elected, specifically including the following steps: S101. Take a certain river basin area planned for the construction of a pumped-storage power station project as the boundary of the area to be generally elected, and establish boundary vector data in the ArcGIS software; S102. Obtain the topographic data of the area to be generally elected through public website materials or UAV aerial photography. Select the regional digital elevation model data with a resolution of 12.5 m, and use the ArcGIS software for georegistration and extraction by flooding film to obtain the digital elevation model of the area to be generally elected in S101. The data in this embodiment is downloaded through the website of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

[0014] S103. Obtain the water source data in the area to be generally elected through public website materials. Select the data of the 1:250,000 national basic geographic database, including water source elements such as rivers, lakes, reservoirs, and the sea. Then use the ArcGIS software for georegistration and vector clipping to obtain the water source data of the lower reservoir in the area to be generally elected in S101. The data in this embodiment is downloaded through the website of the National Geographic Information Resource Directory Service System.

[0015] S200. Use the maximum closed contour line to identify and extract depressions as the general election sites, specifically including the following steps: S201. Perform a hydrological analysis on the digital elevation model data obtained in S102 in the ArcGIS software to obtain a non-sag area. Then, use the raster calculator to calculate the difference between the non-sag digital elevation model and the digital elevation model obtained in S102. The difference in the digital elevation model is the depression depth value. Then, perform reclassification, dividing it into areas with a depth of 0 and areas less than 0. Merge the reclassified results, convert the raster area after merging the areas into a vector surface. At this time, the vector surface is the approximate area of the site.

[0016] S202. Extract by mask using the digital elevation model data obtained in S102 and the approximate depression area obtained in S201 to obtain the digital elevation model of the approximate depression area, and use the bilinear interpolation method to generate contour lines within the approximate depression area. In this embodiment, the contour interval is set to 2m. Convert the generated contour lines into a contour surface vector map by converting features to surfaces. Then, using the topological structure relationship of the collinear contour surfaces, extract the largest closed contour surface within the depression as the accurate boundary of the depression, and use this as the preliminary selected site, as Figure 2 shown.

[0017] S300. Calculate the basic engineering attributes of the preliminary selected site, specifically including the following steps: S301. Use the vector data of the preliminary selected site extracted in S202, and use the digital elevation model data of the proposed site selection area obtained in S102 as the input data, and use the mask extraction tool in GIS to obtain the digital elevation model data of each preliminary selected site; S302. Use the digital elevation model data of the preliminary selected site obtained in S301 as the raster surface before filling and excavation, and use the non-sag area obtained in S201 as the raster surface after filling and excavation, and calculate the volume change between the two volume surfaces, which is the volume of the preliminary selected site. The volume obtained in this embodiment is only the volume of the area below the saddle point of the depression in the natural terrain state, without considering the situation of building a dam at the saddle of the depression; S303. Use the vector data of the preliminary selected site extracted in S202 as the statistical area, and use the raster data of the digital elevation model of the preliminary selected site obtained in S301 as the original data containing statistical data values. Use the zonal statistics tool in GIS to statistically calculate the minimum elevation within the area of the preliminary selected site, that is, the statistical value is the minimum value of all pixels in the MINIMUM - determined value raster that belong to the same area as the output pixel, and use this as the valley bottom elevation of the preliminary selected site; S304. According to the water source vector data within the proposed preliminary selected area obtained in S103 and the data of each preliminary selected site extracted in S202, perform a nearest neighbor analysis to extract the closest distance and location of the preliminary selected site of the upper reservoir to the water source, and use this location as the lower reservoir that matches the upper reservoir. In this embodiment, the XY coordinates of the lower reservoir calculated by the nearest neighbor analysis are stored in the attribute table of the preliminary selected site of the upper reservoir, and the XY coordinates of the preliminary selected site of the upper reservoir are the XY coordinates of the geometric centroid of the vector surface; Only the XY coordinates of the lower reservoir are extracted by S305 and S304 and stored in the attribute table of the general election site of the upper reservoir. Therefore, the attribute table of the general election site of the upper reservoir needs to be used as the input table, the XY coordinates of the upper reservoir are used as the starting coordinates of the line segment, and the XY coordinates of the lower reservoir are used as the ending coordinates of the line segment. A line feature is constructed by converting XY to a line. The line feature obtained at this time is the shortest water conveyance path between the upper and lower reservoirs. The default line type in this embodiment is the geodesic type; S306. Perform a geographic intersection process on the shortest water conveyance path between the upper and lower reservoirs and the water source vector data within the proposed general election area obtained by S103. The intersection output type in this embodiment is POINT, and the intersection point POINT is the lower reservoir site, as Figure 3 shown; S307. Based on the XY coordinates of the upper reservoir site and the XY coordinates of the lower reservoir site, use the distance formula between two points L = to calculate the horizontal distance between the upper and lower reservoirs (X1 and Y1 represent the X and Y coordinates of the upper reservoir site respectively, and X2 and Y2 represent the X and Y coordinates of the lower reservoir site respectively); S308. Based on the digital elevation model data of the proposed site selection area obtained by S102 and the location of the lower reservoir site obtained by S306, use the tool of extracting values to points to obtain the elevation value of the lower reservoir site. Subtract the elevation value of the bottom of the valley of the general election site obtained by S303 from this elevation value to obtain the water head between the upper and lower reservoirs; S309. Calculate the ratio of the horizontal distance between the upper and lower reservoirs obtained by S307 to the water head between the upper and lower reservoirs obtained by S308. The result is the distance-height ratio between the upper and lower reservoirs. The calculation result of this embodiment is as Figure 4 shown; S400. Screen out the upper reservoir sites that meet the basic construction conditions according to the terrain attributes, which specifically include the following steps: S401. The screening conditions are: V1 ≤ volume ≤ V2 and H1 ≤ water head ≤ H2 and L1 ≤ distance-height ratio ≤ L2 (V1 is the minimum allowable volume of the upper reservoir, V2 is the maximum allowable volume of the upper reservoir; H1 is the minimum allowable water head between the upper and lower reservoirs, H2 is the maximum allowable water head between the upper and lower reservoirs; L1 is the minimum allowable distance-height ratio between the upper and lower reservoirs, L2 is the maximum allowable distance-height ratio between the upper and lower reservoirs). In this embodiment, V1 = 1.5 million m 3 , V2 = 6 million m 3 , H1 = 400 m, H2 = 800 m, L1 = 2, L2 = 7. One of the preferred upper reservoir sites that meet the basic construction conditions screened out in this embodiment is as Figure 5 shown.

[0018] The S500 calculates the scores of the preferred site addresses to obtain the optimal ranking, which specifically includes the following steps: According to the construction requirements of this embodiment, different intervals and corresponding scores are set for the volume, water head, and distance-height ratio obtained from the preferred site addresses in the area to be selected. The volume is divided into 3 segments with A1 and A2 as the dividing lines. When A1 < V ≤ V2, the score is 100; when A2 < V ≤ A1, the score is 75; when V1 < V ≤ A2, the score is 50. The water head is divided into 3 segments with B1 and B2 as the dividing lines. When H1 < H ≤ B2, the score is 100; when B2 < H ≤ B1, the score is 75; when B1 ≤ H ≤ H2, the score is 50. The distance-height ratio is divided into 3 segments with C1 and C2 as the dividing lines. When L1 ≤ L ≤ C1, the score is 100; when C1 < L ≤ C2, the score is 75; when C2 < V ≤ L2, the score is 50. The score settings of this embodiment are shown in Table 1: ; The calculation results of the scores and the optimal ranking of this embodiment are as Figure 6 shown.

[0019] Although the present invention has been described in detail above with general descriptions and specific embodiments, some modifications or improvements can be made based on the present invention, which are obvious to those skilled in the art. Therefore, these modifications or improvements made without departing from the spirit of the present invention fall within the scope of protection required by the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for selecting a high-lying depression as the upper reservoir site of a pumped-storage power station based on GIS, characterized in that It includes the following steps: S100. Obtain data of the upper reservoir and the lower reservoir in the area to be generally selected, specifically including the following steps: S101. According to the planning requirements, determine the data boundary of the area to be generally selected and establish boundary vector data; S102. Obtain the digital elevation model data of the generally selected area in S101; S103. Obtain the water source data within the area to be generally selected, including the geographic vector data of water source elements such as rivers, lakes, reservoirs, and the sea; S200. Use the maximum closed contour line to identify and extract depressions as the generally selected site addresses, specifically including the following steps: S201. Use the digital elevation model data for hydrological analysis to obtain the non-depressed area, and then use the raster calculator to calculate the difference between the non-depressed digital elevation model and the digital elevation model obtained in S102. The difference value of the digital elevation model is the depression depth value, and then perform reclassification, dividing it into areas with a depth of 0 and areas less than 0. Merge the reclassified results, convert the raster area after merging the areas into a vector surface. At this time, the vector surface is the preliminary area of the site address; S202. Extract the digital elevation model data of the preliminary site address area by masking with the digital elevation model data obtained in S102 and the preliminary site address area obtained in S201, generate contour lines within the preliminary area, convert the contour lines into contour surfaces, and use the topological structure relationship of the collinear contour surfaces to extract the maximum closed contour surface as the upper reservoir site address range, and use this as the generally selected site address. On this basis, screen the upper reservoirs that meet the construction conditions; S300. Calculate the basic engineering attributes of the generally selected site address, specifically including the following steps: S301. Use the vector data of the generally selected site address extracted in S202, and use the digital elevation model data of the proposed site selection area obtained in S102 as the input data to obtain the digital elevation model data of each generally selected site address; S302. Use the digital elevation model data of the generally selected site address obtained in S301 as the raster surface before filling and excavation, and use the non-depressed area obtained in S201 as the raster surface after filling and excavation, and calculate the volume change between the two volume surfaces, which is the volume of the generally selected site address; S303. Use the vector data of the generally selected site address extracted in S202 as the statistical area, and use the digital elevation model data of the generally selected site address obtained in S301 as the original data containing statistical data values, and statistically calculate the minimum elevation within the generally selected site address area, and use this as the valley bottom elevation of the generally selected site address; In step S303, when statistically calculating the minimum elevation within the generally selected site address area, that is, when the statistical value is MINIMUM, determine the minimum value of all pixels in the determination value raster that belong to the same area as the output pixel, and use this as the valley bottom elevation of the generally selected site address; S304. According to the water source vector data within the area to be generally selected obtained in S103 and the data of each generally selected site address extracted in S202, perform proximity analysis to extract the closest distance and position of the upper reservoir generally selected site address to the water source, and use this position as the lower reservoir matched with the upper reservoir; S305. Use the XY coordinates of the upper reservoir as the starting point coordinates of the line segment, use the XY coordinates of the lower reservoir as the ending point coordinates of the line segment, and use XY to line to construct a line feature. At this time, the obtained line feature is the shortest water conveyance path between the upper and lower reservoirs; S306. Perform a geographic intersection process on the shortest water conveyance path between the upper and lower reservoirs and the water source vector data within the proposed general election area obtained in S103. The intersection point is the location of the lower reservoir site. S307. Using the XY coordinates of the upper reservoir site and the XY coordinates of the lower reservoir site, the horizontal distance between the upper and lower reservoirs is calculated using the distance formula between two points \(L = \sqrt{(X_2 - X_1)^2+(Y_2 - Y_1)^2}\), where \(X_1\) and \(Y_1\) represent the X and Y coordinates of the upper reservoir site respectively, and \(X_2\) and \(Y_2\) represent the X and Y coordinates of the lower reservoir site respectively; It should be noted that the formula in the original Chinese text is incomplete. I have supplemented the complete distance formula \(\sqrt{(X_2 - X_1)^2+(Y_2 - Y_1)^2}\) in the translation to make the content complete and accurate. If there are any special requirements or corrections, please feel free to let me know. S308. Based on the digital elevation model data of the proposed site selection area obtained in S102 and the location of the lower reservoir site obtained in S306, use the value extraction to point tool to obtain the elevation value of the lower reservoir site. Subtract the elevation value of the valley bottom of the general election site obtained in S303 from this elevation value to obtain the water head between the upper and lower reservoirs. S309. Calculate the ratio of the horizontal distance between the upper and lower reservoirs obtained in S307 to the water head between the upper and lower reservoirs obtained in S308. The result is the distance-height ratio between the upper and lower reservoirs. S400. Screen out the upper reservoir site addresses that meet the basic construction conditions according to the terrain attributes. S500. Calculate the scores of the preferred site addresses to obtain the optimal ranking.

2. The siting method for selecting a high-lying depression as the upper reservoir of a pumped-storage power station based on GIS general election according to claim 1, characterized in that The XY coordinates of the lower reservoir obtained from the S304 nearest neighbor analysis calculation are stored in the attribute table of the upper reservoir general election site address. The XY coordinates of the upper reservoir general election site address are the XY coordinates of the geometric centroid of the vector surface.

3. The siting method for selecting a high-lying depression as the upper reservoir of a pumped-storage power station based on GIS general election according to claim 1, wherein, In S400, the upper reservoir site addresses that meet the basic construction conditions are screened out according to the terrain attributes. The screening conditions for volume and distance-height ratio are: V1 ≤ volume ≤ V2, H1 ≤ water head ≤ H2, and L1 ≤ distance-height ratio ≤ L2, where V1 is the minimum allowable volume of the upper reservoir, V2 is the maximum allowable volume of the upper reservoir; H1 is the minimum allowable water head between the upper and lower reservoirs, H2 is the maximum allowable water head between the upper and lower reservoirs; L1 is the minimum allowable distance-height ratio between the upper and lower reservoirs, and L2 is the maximum allowable distance-height ratio between the upper and lower reservoirs.

4. The siting method for selecting a high-lying depression as the upper reservoir of a pumped storage power station based on GIS general election according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S500, the scores of the preferred site addresses are calculated to obtain the optimal ranking. Different interval values and corresponding scores are set for the volume, water head, and distance-height ratio obtained from the preferred site addresses in the proposed site selection area according to the construction requirements. Calculate the total score of each preferred site address and sort the preferred site addresses from high to low.

5. The siting method for selecting a high-lying depression as the upper reservoir of a pumped-storage power station based on GIS general election according to claim 4, characterized in that The different interval values and corresponding scores are set for the volume, water head, and distance-height ratio obtained from the preferred site addresses in the proposed site selection area as follows: The volume is divided into 3 segments with A1 and A2 as the dividing lines. When A1 < V ≤ V2, the score is 100. When A2 < V ≤ A1, the score is 75. When V1 < V ≤ A2, the score is 50. The water head is divided into 3 segments with B1 and B2 as the dividing lines. When H1 < H ≤ B2, the score is 100. When B2 < H ≤ B1, the score is 75. When B1 ≤ H ≤ H2, the score is 50. The distance-height ratio is divided into 3 segments with C1 and C2 as the dividing lines. When L1 ≤ L ≤ C1, the score is 100. When C1 < L ≤ C2, the score is 75. When C2 < V ≤ L2, the score is 50. Calculate the total score of each preferred site address and sort the preferred site addresses from high to low.

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