Stand column inclination settlement monitoring alarm system and monitoring method

Abstract

The invention provides a stand column inclination and settlement monitoring alarm system and a monitoring method. The monitoring method comprises the following steps that (1) a monitoring device is installed on the surface of a stand column to be monitored through a pile body fixing structure; (2) setting a three-level alarm threshold value of inclination and settlement, wherein the three-level alarm threshold value comprises a comprehensive safety index CSilt; the comprehensive safety index 0.7 is smaller than or equal to CSilt; the comprehensive safety index CSI is greater than or equal to 1, and the inclination threshold value and the settlement threshold value correspond to blue, yellow and red early warning levels respectively; (3) the device is started, and the microcontroller collects and analyzes data according to a preset period; (4) when the data reach an alarm threshold value, triggering a corresponding indicating lamp to give an alarm, and synchronously uploading alarm information to a central control system; and (5) generating a maintenance instruction by the central control system according to the alarm information, and guiding on-site troubleshooting and repairing. Through collaborative design of multi-sensor fusion, graded early warning and wireless transmission, real-time monitoring and intelligent response of column deformation are realized, and the system is suitable for centralized monitoring and management of large plant groups.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of safety monitoring in construction engineering, and specifically to a column inclination and settlement monitoring and alarm system and a monitoring method. Background Art

[0002] In the construction field, columns, as important components of building structures, their stability and safety are directly related to the stability of the entire building structure. The inclination and settlement of columns are one of the important factors affecting building safety. Especially in some areas with complex geological conditions and unstable foundations, the deformation problems of columns are particularly prominent. Traditional monitoring methods mainly rely on manual regular measurements and equipment such as total stations. These methods have problems such as low measurement efficiency, inability to monitor in real time, and complex data processing.

[0003] In addition, in large factories or high-rise buildings, there are numerous columns. It is difficult to quickly and accurately count the deformation conditions of columns through manual monitoring, and it is easy to have monitoring omissions and lags, thus affecting the safety of building structures. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Aiming at the deficiencies of the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides a column inclination and settlement monitoring and alarm system and a monitoring method, which realize real-time monitoring and intelligent response to column deformation through the collaborative design of multi-sensor fusion, hierarchical early warning, and wireless transmission technologies.

[0005] The technical solution provided by the present invention: A column inclination and settlement monitoring method includes the following steps:

[0006] (1) Install the monitoring and alarm device on the surface of the column to be monitored through a pile body fixing structure;

[0007] (2) Set three-level alarm thresholds for inclination and settlement. The three-level alarm includes blue, yellow, and red early warnings.

[0008] Among them, the blue alarm meets one of the following conditions:

[0009] CSI < 0.7, and the inclination angle satisfies X < θ ≤ Y;

[0010] CSI < 0.7, and the settlement amount satisfies α < h ≤ β;

[0011] The yellow alarm meets one of the following conditions:

[0012] 0.7 ≤ CSI < 1,

[0013] the inclination angle satisfies Y < θ ≤ Z,

[0014] the settlement amount satisfies β < h ≤ γ;

[0015] The red alarm meets one of the following conditions:

[0016] CSI ≥ 1,

[0017] The tilt angle satisfies θ > Z,

[0018] The settlement amount satisfies h > γ;

[0019] CSI is the comprehensive safety index, θ red , h red are the red alarm thresholds respectively, w1 and w2 are the weighting coefficients of the tilt angle and the settlement amount respectively, and w1 + w2 = 1;

[0020] (3) Start the device, and the microcontroller collects and analyzes the data of the three-axis inclinometer sensor and the laser range finder sensor at a preset period;

[0021] (4) When the data reaches the alarm threshold, trigger the corresponding indicator light to alarm, and synchronously upload the alarm information to the central control system;

[0022] (5) The central control system generates a maintenance instruction based on the alarm information to guide on-site troubleshooting and repair.

[0023] Furthermore, when the settlement rate accelerates, automatically reduce the threshold for early warning. The settlement threshold α is updated based on a dynamic adjustment mechanism, specifically:

[0024]

[0025] In the formula, the settlement thresholds (α, β, γ) base are the reference thresholds, Δh / Δt is the average settlement rate in the past 24 hours, and k is the dynamic adjustment coefficient.

[0026] Furthermore, when the tilt alarm is triggered in step (4), the tilt azimuth angle φ is synchronously displayed on the liquid crystal display screen, and its calculation formula is:

[0027]

[0028] In the formula, θ X , θ Y are the tilt displacement components in the X-axis (i.e., the east-west direction) and the Y-axis (i.e., the north-south direction) respectively. The displacement direction is displayed through the liquid crystal screen to assist in positioning the risk points and guiding precise maintenance.

[0029] Furthermore, when the alarm is triggered, the alarm level, CSI value, timestamp, tilt angle θ, settlement amount h, and tilt azimuth angle φ are encapsulated into a data packet and transmitted to the central control system through the wireless communication module to generate a risk heat map. The central control system aggregates the alarm information of multiple columns and generates a historical data log for analysis.

[0030] Another technical solution provided by the present invention: A column inclination settlement monitoring and alarm system, including a central control system and a monitoring and alarm device. The central control system receives the alarm data of multiple monitoring and alarm devices and provides a visual monitoring function. The monitoring and alarm device includes a microcontroller and a wireless communication module. The microcontroller is respectively connected to an early warning indicator module, a data interaction module, a data acquisition module, and a power module. The data interaction module is used to set three-level alarm thresholds and display the monitoring results. The microcontroller is used to receive and store the real-time data detected by the data acquisition module, dynamically compare the collected and analyzed data with the preset three-level alarm thresholds, trigger the early warning indicator module corresponding to the alarm level, and send the alarm signal to the central control system through the wireless communication module.

[0031] Further, the data acquisition module includes a three-axis inclination sensor and a laser distance sensor. The three-axis inclination sensor is built into the monitoring and alarm device and is used to collect the inclination angle data of the column in real time and send the data to the microcontroller.

[0032] The laser distance sensor is built into the bottom of the monitoring and alarm device, measures the vertical distance from the reference point of the column to the ground by emitting laser light to calculate the settlement amount, and synchronously transmits the data to the microcontroller.

[0033] Further, the monitoring and alarm device further includes a pile body fixing structure arranged on the back of the device. The pile body fixing structure adopts an anchoring component adapted to a concrete pile or a magnetic attracting component adapted to a steel pile, and is used to fix the monitoring and alarm device on the surface of the column.

[0034] Further, the anchoring component adapted to the concrete pile includes a fixed card slot and an expansion bolt, and is fixed to the column through the fixed card slot and the expansion bolt.

[0035] Further, the data interaction module includes a liquid crystal display screen and two groups of physical buttons. Through the touch input of the liquid crystal display screen or the physical buttons, the three-level alarm thresholds of inclination and settlement are input to the microcontroller, and the current monitoring data is displayed in real time. The wireless communication module includes 4G / 5G, LoRa or NB-IoT communication protocol units, supports multi-protocol data transmission, and realizes remote reporting of alarm information and linkage with the central control system.

[0036] Further, the microcontroller is also configured with a function of real-time monitoring of the voltage value of the power module. If the voltage is lower than the preset working threshold, a low-voltage alarm signal is generated. The low-voltage alarm signal triggers the synchronous flashing of the blue, yellow, and red indicator lights in the early warning indicator module, and the "voltage insufficient" prompt information is displayed through the liquid crystal display screen. The indicator light form of the early warning indicator module is associated with the alarm type. The inclination alarm corresponds to a rectangular indicator light, and the settlement alarm corresponds to a circular indicator light.

[0037] Advantages of the present invention compared with the prior art:

[0038] (1) The dual-source data acquisition system configured in the present invention consists of a three-axis inclination sensor and a laser distance sensor. The three-axis inclination sensor captures the real-time three-dimensional tilt angles (X / Y / Z axes) through an embedded control component. The laser distance sensor is vertically installed at the bottom of the device and measures the settlement amount from the reference point to the ground through a high-frequency laser beam. After the data of both are cross-validated by a microcontroller, the environmental vibration interference is eliminated by combining a digital filtering algorithm, improving the monitoring accuracy compared with the traditional single-sensor solution;

[0039] (2) The hierarchical early warning module of the present invention adopts a three-level threshold dynamic response mechanism, presetting alarm levels of blue (slight deformation), yellow (significant deformation), and red (severe deformation), and intuitively distinguishing the risk types through morphological indicators (rectangle - tilt, circle - settlement). When the tilt angle θ or the settlement amount h exceeds the threshold, the controller synchronously triggers the corresponding color indicator and activates the buzzer. At the same time, the alarm data packet (including timestamp, θ, h, device number) is uploaded to the central control system through a wireless communication module, realizing the leap from "single alarm" to "hierarchical visual response", enabling on-site personnel to quickly locate the problem type and formulate a disposal strategy;

[0040] (3) The power management module of the present invention adopts dynamic power consumption control technology, automatically switching to the low-power standby mode during non-monitoring periods, only maintaining the basic clock and data caching functions, and activating the full-power operation of the sensor and communication unit during the monitoring period. Combining with a solar-assisted power supply scheme, the battery life of the device is extended;

[0041] (4) The pile body fixing structure of the present invention provides a dual-mode adaptation solution of expansion bolts (for concrete piles) and magnetic adsorption components (for steel piles). During installation, the device is quickly fastened to the surface of the column through pre-drilling or direct adsorption, enabling rapid deployment. Moreover, it has an internal horizontal calibration function to ensure that the laser distance sensor is vertically downward, avoiding data errors caused by installation skew.

[0042] The above design, through the collaborative innovation of data fusion, intelligent response, long-term power supply, and modular installation, solves the pain points of low accuracy, poor real-time performance, and high operation and maintenance costs in traditional technologies, providing reliable technical support for the standardization and digital transformation of building structure safety management. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0043] Figure 1 It is the operation flowchart of the alarm judgment system of the present invention

[0044] Figure 2 It is the block diagram of the module principle of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 3Schematic structural diagram of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the connection state between the present invention and a concrete column;

[0047] In the figure: 1 - Central control system, 2 - Microcontroller, 3 - Wireless communication module, 4 - Warning indicator module, 5 - Data interaction module, 501 - Liquid crystal display screen, 502 - Physical button, 6 - Data acquisition module, 601 - Triaxial inclination sensor, 602 - Laser ranging sensor, 7 - Power supply module, 8 - Anchoring assembly adapted to the concrete pile, 801 - Fixed card slot, 802 - Expansion bolt, 9 - Magnetic attraction assembly adapted to the steel pile. Specific embodiments

[0048] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments. Among them, the drawings are only for illustrative purposes, showing only schematic diagrams, not physical diagrams, and should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention. In order to better illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention, some components in the drawings will be omitted, enlarged or reduced, which do not represent the dimensions of the actual product. For those skilled in the art, it is understandable that some well-known structures and their descriptions in the drawings may be omitted. Based on the specific embodiments of the present invention, all other specific embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0049] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by terms such as "front", "rear", "upper", "lower", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

[0050] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, terms such as "installed", "provided with", "connected", etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, "connected" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be the communication inside two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0051] As Figure 1 shown, a method for monitoring the inclination and settlement of a column includes the following steps:

[0052] (1) Install the monitoring and alarm device on the surface of the column to be monitored through a pile fixing structure;

[0053] (2) Set the three - level alarm thresholds for inclination and settlement. The three - level alarm includes blue, yellow, and red warnings.

[0054] The alarm logic follows the rule of "CSI first, single - parameter redundancy", which is as follows:

[0055] The blue alarm is satisfied when any of the following conditions is met:

[0056] CSI < 0.7 and the inclination angle satisfies X < θ ≤ Y;

[0057] CSI < 0.7 and the settlement amount satisfies α < h ≤ β;

[0058] The yellow alarm is satisfied when any of the following conditions is met:

[0059] 0.7 ≤ CSI < 1,

[0060] the inclination angle satisfies Y < θ ≤ Z,

[0061] the settlement amount satisfies β < h ≤ γ;

[0062] The red alarm is satisfied when any of the following conditions is met:

[0063] CSI ≥ 1,

[0064] the inclination angle satisfies θ > Z,

[0065] the settlement amount satisfies h > γ;

[0066] To improve the sensitivity and anti - interference ability of the monitoring system and avoid false alarms caused by accidental fluctuations of a single parameter, the Comprehensive Safety Index (CSI) is introduced, which can be calculated by the following formula: θ red 、h red are the red alarm thresholds respectively, w1 and w2 are the weighting coefficients of the inclination angle and the settlement amount respectively, w1 + w2 = 1, and can be adjusted according to the requirements of deformation in different site conditions (for example, the settlement weight is higher in soft soil areas);

[0067] (3) Start the device, and the micro - controller collects and analyzes the data of the tri - axial inclinometer sensor and the laser distance sensor at a preset period.

[0068] (4) When the data reaches the alarm threshold, trigger the corresponding indicator light alarm and synchronously upload the alarm information to the central control system;

[0069] (5) The central control system generates maintenance instructions based on the alarm information to guide on - site investigation and repair.

[0070] In a certain embodiment: If the inclination angle satisfies X < θ ≤ Y (blue condition), but CSI is 0.8 (yellow condition), then trigger the yellow alarm (CSI has a higher priority than the single parameter).

[0071] If the settlement amount satisfies β < h ≤ γ (yellow condition) and CSI < 0.7 (blue condition), a yellow alarm is triggered (single-parameter condition directly triggers without association with CSI).

[0072] CSI is used to comprehensively evaluate risks, while single-parameter thresholds serve as redundant safeguards to prevent missed alarms in the comprehensive algorithm. The two cooperate but are logically independent.

[0073] To adapt to site changes (such as site softening or unstable foundation) and improve the system's sensitivity and adaptability. When the settlement rate accelerates, the threshold is automatically reduced for early warning, and the settlement threshold α is updated based on a dynamic adjustment mechanism, specifically as follows:

[0074]

[0075] In the formula, the settlement thresholds (α, β, γ) base are the reference thresholds, Δh / Δt is the average settlement rate in the past 24 hours, and k is the dynamic adjustment coefficient.

[0076] The tilt threshold is fixed because the tilt angle is usually directly caused by structural deformation, and its threshold is related to building safety codes and needs to remain stable.

[0077] When the tilt alarm is triggered in step (4), the tilt azimuth angle v is synchronously displayed on the liquid crystal display screen, and its calculation formula is:

[0078]

[0079] In the formula, θ X , θ Y are the tilt displacement components of the X-axis (east-west direction) and Y-axis (north-south direction). The displacement direction (such as "northeast offset") is displayed on the liquid crystal screen to assist in locating risk points and guiding precise maintenance.

[0080] When the alarm is triggered, the alarm level, CSI value, timestamp, tilt angle θ, settlement amount h, and tilt azimuth angle φ are encapsulated into a data packet and transmitted to the central control system through a wireless communication module to generate a risk heat map. The central control system aggregates the alarm information of multiple columns and generates a historical data log for analysis.

[0081] Such as Figures 2 - 4A column inclination settlement monitoring and alarm system shown in the figure includes a central control system 1 and a monitoring and alarm device. The central control system 1 receives the alarm data of multiple monitoring and alarm devices and provides a visual monitoring function. The monitoring and alarm device includes a microcontroller 2 and a wireless communication module 3. The microcontroller 2 is respectively connected to an early warning indicator module 4, a data interaction module 5, a data acquisition module 6, and a power module 7. The data interaction module 5 is used to set the three-level alarm threshold and display the monitoring results. The microcontroller 2 is used to receive and store the real-time data detected by the data acquisition module 6, dynamically compare the collected and analyzed data with the preset three-level alarm threshold, trigger the early warning indicator module 4 corresponding to the alarm level, and send the alarm signal to the central control system 1 through the wireless communication module 3.

[0082] The data acquisition module 6 includes a three-axis inclination sensor 601 and a laser ranging sensor 602. The three-axis inclination sensor 601 is built into the monitoring and alarm device and is used to collect the inclination angle data of the column in real time and send the data to the microcontroller 2. The three-axis inclination sensor 601 can synchronously measure the inclination angles of the column in the X, Y, and Z axes, and eliminate environmental vibration interference through a digital filtering algorithm to improve data accuracy.

[0083] The laser ranging sensor 602 is built into the bottom of the monitoring and alarm device, emits a laser beam vertically downward, measures the vertical distance from the reference point of the column to the ground by emitting the laser to calculate the settlement amount, calculates the change trend of the settlement amount in combination with historical data, and synchronously transmits the data to the microcontroller 2.

[0084] The monitoring and alarm device further includes a pile body fixing structure arranged on the back of the device. The pile body fixing structure provides two adaptation schemes:

[0085] 1) For concrete piles, an expansion bolt anchoring component is adopted, and the device is fastened to the surface of the column through pre-drilling.

[0086] 2) For steel piles, a strong magnetic attraction component is configured, which supports quick installation and disassembly and avoids damaging the column coating.

[0087] Specifically, the pile body fixing structure adopts an anchoring component 8 adapted to concrete piles or a magnetic attraction component 9 adapted to steel piles to fix the monitoring and alarm device to the surface of the column. The anchoring component 8 adapted to concrete piles includes a fixed card slot 801 and an expansion bolt 802, and is fixed to the column through the fixed card slot 801 and the expansion bolt 802.

[0088] The data interaction module 5 provides a human-machine interaction interface and a physical control unit, supporting threshold setting and status monitoring. The data interaction module 5 includes a liquid crystal display screen 501 and two groups of physical buttons 502. Through the touch input of the liquid crystal display screen 501 or the physical buttons 502, the three-level alarm thresholds of tilt and settlement are input into the microcontroller 1, and the current monitoring data is displayed in real time. The three-level alarm thresholds include a comprehensive safety index CSI < 0.7, a comprehensive safety index 0.7 ≤ CSI < 1, and a comprehensive safety index CSI ≥ 1; tilt thresholds (X, Y, Z) and settlement thresholds (α, β, γ), corresponding to blue (slight deformation), yellow (significant deformation), and red (severe deformation) warning levels respectively; the physical buttons include physical operation buttons and digital matrix buttons.

[0089] The wireless communication module 3 includes 4G / 5G, LoRa, or NB-IoT communication protocol units, supporting multi-protocol data transmission, and realizing remote reporting of alarm information and linkage with the central control system 1. Automatically select the optimal transmission method according to the on-site network coverage, and use the AES encryption algorithm for data packets to ensure information security.

[0090] In the standby state, triggering any button can wake up the liquid crystal display screen to display the tilt angle θ, settlement amount h, and current tilt azimuth angle φ of the most recent monitoring. When an alarm is triggered, the microcontroller encapsulates the alarm level, timestamp, tilt angle θ, settlement amount h, and device number into a JSON format data packet and uploads it to the central control system in real time through the wireless module.

[0091] The interaction interface includes a liquid crystal display screen and a touch input unit, configured as:

[0092] 1) Display the current tilt direction angle, settlement amount h, and power supply voltage status in real time;

[0093] 2) Input or modify the three-level alarm thresholds (X / Y / Z, α / β / γ) through the touch interface;

[0094] 3) Retrieve historical alarm records and generate a data trend graph.

[0095] The physical control unit is provided with independent buttons for waking up the display screen, switching data views, and manually triggering data upload. The button surface is designed with waterproof and dustproof features to adapt to outdoor environment operations.

[0096] The power management unit is built-in with a high-capacity lithium battery, supporting solar-assisted charging, and the microcontroller dynamically controls the power consumption mode:

[0097] 1) Activate the sensor, display screen, and wireless module during the monitoring period and run at full power;

[0098] 2) Enter the low-power standby mode during the non-monitoring period, only maintaining the wake-up and caching functions;

[0099] 3) Monitor the battery voltage in real time. If it is lower than the threshold, trigger a low-voltage alarm (the three-color light flashes synchronously), and prompt "Insufficient voltage" through the display screen.

[0100] The power supply module 7 is electrically connected to the microcontroller 2, and the microcontroller 2 is configured as:

[0101] (1) Control the power supply module 7 to enter the low-power standby mode during non-monitoring periods;

[0102] (2) Activate the power supply module 7 during the preset monitoring period to supply power to the three-axis tilt sensor, laser range finder, and wireless communication module.

[0103] The microcontroller uses a low-power embedded chip, integrates data storage and analysis functions, and is configured as:

[0104] 1) Receive and store the three-axis tilt and laser range data in real time;

[0105] 2) Compare the tilt angle (θ) and settlement amount (h) with the preset three-level alarm thresholds;

[0106] 3) Trigger the corresponding alarm signal according to the comparison result, and synchronously control the indicator light module and the wireless communication module.

[0107] The microcontroller 2 is also configured with the function of monitoring the voltage value of the power supply module 7 in real time. If the voltage is lower than the preset working threshold, a low-voltage alarm signal is generated. The low-voltage alarm signal triggers the synchronous flashing of the blue, yellow, and red indicator lights in the early warning indicator light module 4, and the prompt message "Insufficient voltage" is displayed through the liquid crystal display screen 501. The indicator light form of the early warning indicator light module 4 is associated with the alarm type. The early warning indicator light module includes blue, yellow, and red LED lights. Among them, the tilt alarm corresponds to a rectangular indicator light, and the settlement alarm corresponds to a circular indicator light. The form distinction is convenient for quickly identifying the alarm type.

[0108] The internal micro-control components of the device receive the tilt angle thresholds (X / Y / Z) and settlement amount thresholds (α / β / γ) through physical operation buttons. The internal data collector of the device sends the measured column tilt angle θ and column settlement amount h of the internal three-axis tilt measurement component and laser rangefinder to the internal microcontroller of the device for judgment and processing, and at the same time displays the current measurement value on the liquid crystal display screen. If the alarm threshold is reached, the corresponding blue, yellow, and red alarm indicator lights will receive the instruction from the microcontroller and light up. The alarm information will be packaged and processed and sent to the central control device through the internal communication module of the device for subsequent maintenance and repair of the alarm columns by relevant personnel.

[0109] When the present invention is specifically used, first, during the installation of the device, for the installation of the concrete pile: When installing the monitoring device on the surface of the column through the pile body fixing structure, for the installation of the concrete pile: Use the expansion bolt anchoring component to pre-drill holes on the surface of the column and fasten the fixed card slot, and then insert the fixing structure into the fixed card slot for fixation; for the installation of the steel pile: Adsorb the device to the surface of the column through the magnetic adsorption component and adjust it to the horizontal position; calibrate the reference point: Start the laser distance sensor, measure the initial vertical distance and input it into the system.

[0110] Set the alarm threshold and communication parameters through the user interaction module. Press the physical button to wake up the liquid crystal display screen and enter the threshold setting interface; input the three-level threshold: Input the tilt angle threshold (X / Y / Z) and settlement amount threshold (α / β / γ) through the touch unit; configure wireless communication: Select the transmission protocol of the wireless communication module and bind the address of the central control system.

[0111] Start the monitoring through the physical button to activate data collection. The three-axis inclination sensor and the laser distance sensor collect data according to the preset period; data synchronous display: The liquid crystal screen real-time displays the tilt angle θ, settlement amount h, and power status.

[0112] The microcontroller compares the measured data with the threshold. If it exceeds the limit, it triggers the alarm level (blue / yellow / red). Tilt alarm: The rectangular indicator light lights up in the corresponding color; settlement alarm: The circular indicator light lights up in the corresponding color. The internal microcontroller encapsulates the alarm data (timestamp, θ, h, alarm information, device number) into a data packet and uploads it to the central control system through the wireless communication module.

[0113] After the central control system receives the data, it marks the abnormal column position and alarm level in the building complex distribution map. On-site, the column can be maintained or repaired according to the alarm information.

[0114] Since it is necessary to pay long-term attention to the deformation of the column, it is necessary to regularly check the voltage prompt of the display screen. When the voltage is low, charge or replace the battery in time; for the device that has not alarmed for a long time, clean the sensor to avoid dust affecting the accuracy.

[0115] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, for those skilled in the art, they can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for monitoring the inclined settlement of a column, characterized in that It includes the following steps: (1) Install the monitoring and alarming device on the surface of the column to be monitored through the pile body fixing structure; (2) Set the three-level alarm thresholds for inclination and settlement. The three-level alarm includes blue, yellow, and red warnings. Among them, the blue alarm meets one of the following conditions: CSI < 0.7, and the inclination angle satisfies X < θ ≤ Y; CSI < 0.7, and the settlement amount satisfies α < h ≤ β; The yellow alarm meets one of the following conditions: 0.7 ≤ CSI < 1, the inclination angle satisfies Y < θ ≤ Z, the settlement amount satisfies β < h ≤ γ; The red alarm meets one of the following conditions: CSI ≥ 1, the inclination angle satisfies θ > Z, the settlement amount satisfies h > γ; CSI is the comprehensive safety index, θ red , h red are the red alarm thresholds respectively, and w1 and w2 are the weighting coefficients of the tilt angle and the settlement amount respectively, with w1 + w2 = 1; (3) Start the device. The microcontroller collects and analyzes the data of the triaxial inclination sensor and the laser ranging sensor at a preset period. (4) When the data reaches the alarm threshold, trigger the corresponding indicator light alarm and synchronously upload the alarm information to the central control system. (5) The central control system generates a maintenance instruction according to the alarm information to guide on-site troubleshooting and repair.

2. The method for monitoring the inclination and settlement of a column according to claim 1, wherein When the settlement rate accelerates, automatically reduce the threshold to give an early warning. The settlement threshold α is updated based on the dynamic adjustment mechanism. Specifically: In the formula, the settlement threshold (α, β, γ) base is the reference threshold, Δh / Δt is the average settlement rate in the past 24 hours, and k is the dynamic adjustment coefficient.

3. A method for monitoring the inclination and settlement of a column according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the inclination alarm is triggered in step (4), the liquid crystal display synchronously displays the inclination azimuth angle φ, and its calculation formula is: where θ X , θ Y are the tilt displacement components in the X-axis (i.e., the east-west direction) and the Y-axis (i.e., the north-south direction) respectively. The displacement direction is displayed on the liquid crystal screen to assist in positioning the risk points and guide precise maintenance.

4. A method for monitoring the inclination and settlement of a column according to claim 3, characterized in that, When the alarm is triggered, encapsulate the alarm level, CSI value, timestamp, inclination angle θ, settlement amount h, and inclination azimuth angle φ into a data packet, and transmit it to the central control system through the wireless communication module to generate a risk heat map. The central control system aggregates the alarm information of multiple columns and generates a historical data log for analysis.

5. A vertical column inclination settlement monitoring and alarm system, adopting the monitoring method described in any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, It includes a central control system (1) and a monitoring and alarming device. The central control system (1) receives the alarm data of multiple monitoring and alarming devices and provides a visual monitoring function. The monitoring and alarming device includes a microcontroller (2) and a wireless communication module (3). The microcontroller (2) is respectively connected to the warning indicator light module (4), the data interaction module (5), the data acquisition module (6), and the power supply module (7). The data interaction module (5) is used to set the three-level alarm threshold and display the monitoring result. The microcontroller (2) is used to receive and store the real-time data detected by the data acquisition module (6), dynamically compare the collected and analyzed data with the preset three-level alarm threshold, trigger the warning indicator light module (4) corresponding to the alarm level, and send the alarm signal to the central control system (1) through the wireless communication module (3).

6. The column inclination and settlement monitoring and alarm system according to claim 5, characterized in that The data acquisition module (6) includes a triaxial inclination sensor (601) and a laser ranging sensor (602). The triaxial inclination sensor (601) is built into the monitoring and alarming device and is used to collect the inclination angle data of the column in real time and send the data to the microcontroller (2); The laser ranging sensor (602) is built into the bottom of the monitoring and alarming device. It measures the vertical distance from the reference point of the column to the ground by emitting laser light to calculate the settlement amount and synchronously transmits the data to the microcontroller (2).

7. The column inclination and settlement monitoring and alarm system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The monitoring and alarming device further includes a pile fixing structure arranged on the back of the device. The pile fixing structure adopts an anchoring component (8) adapted to a concrete pile or a magnetic attraction component (9) adapted to a steel pile, and is used to fix the monitoring and alarming device on the surface of the column.

8. The column inclination and settlement monitoring and alarm system according to claim 7, characterized in that The anchoring component (8) adapted to the concrete pile includes a fixed card slot (801) and an expansion bolt (802), and is fixed to the column through the fixed card slot (801) and the expansion bolt (802).

9. The column inclination settlement monitoring and alarm system according to claim 5, wherein The data interaction module (5) includes a liquid crystal display screen (501) and two groups of physical buttons (502). Through the touch input of the liquid crystal display screen (501) or the physical buttons (502), the three-level alarm thresholds of inclination and settlement are input into the microcontroller (1), and the current monitoring data is displayed in real time. The wireless communication module (3) includes 4G / 5G, LoRa or NB-IoT communication protocol units, supports multi-protocol data transmission, and realizes remote reporting of alarm information and linkage with the central control system (1).

10. The column inclination and settlement monitoring and alarm system according to claim 9, wherein The microcontroller (2) is further configured with the function of real-time monitoring of the voltage value of the power supply module (7). If the voltage is lower than the preset working threshold, a low-voltage alarm signal is generated. The low-voltage alarm signal triggers the synchronous flashing of the blue, yellow, and red indicator lights in the early warning indicator light module (4), and the prompt information of "insufficient voltage" is displayed through the liquid crystal display screen (501). The indicator light form of the early warning indicator light module (4) is associated with the alarm type. The rectangular indicator light corresponds to the inclination alarm, and the circular indicator light corresponds to the settlement alarm.

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