A multi-functional intermediate connector connectable with a cable

Abstract

The application provides a multifunctional intermediate joint of connectable cable and relates to the technical field of cable accessories. The multifunctional intermediate joint of connectable cable comprises a joint body, an operation and maintenance handheld terminal based on RFID and GPS and an Internet of Things platform. When instantaneous overload or short circuit occurs, PCM can quickly absorb heat to delay temperature rise, and an axial flow fan can forcibly cool and discharge heat to avoid insulation carbonization. A self-cleaning mechanism can remove dust on a filter screen to ensure long-term stable heat dissipation. STM32H743VIT6 can fuse temperature, mechanical stress and partial discharge data to improve the prediction accuracy of insulation failure by aligning time and frequency domains. A double-frequency anti-metal RFID tag, UWB positioning and AR operation and maintenance terminal linkage can display the joint health state, deterioration trend and maintenance animation in real time, greatly shorten the inspection time and reduce the misoperation. The Internet of Things platform can remotely call edge computing data, experts can collaboratively label AR pictures, and the fault response speed can be improved. An intelligent operation and maintenance system of "sensing-analysis-decision-execution" is constructed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of cable accessories technology, specifically to a multifunctional intermediate connector for connecting cables. Background Technology

[0002] A cable joint is a cable joint located in the middle of a cable line. It is a cable accessory used for intermediate connections of cross-linked or oil-immersed cables of various voltage levels. Its main functions are to ensure unobstructed circuitry, maintain cable sealing, and guarantee the insulation level at the cable joint, ensuring safe and reliable operation. Cable joints can be divided into two types: fixed and movable. Fixed joints have a stable structure and are suitable for long-term fixed installations and high-voltage cable connections.

[0003] As power systems develop towards higher voltage and smarter operation, cable joints, as critical nodes in power transmission networks, face multiple reliability challenges:

[0004] The risk of high-temperature breakdown is exacerbated: Traditional connectors rely on passive heat dissipation through the conduction of the metal shielding layer. Under instantaneous overload or short circuit, the heat dissipation efficiency is insufficient, which can easily lead to carbonization of the insulation material and cause breakdown accidents. Some technologies have proposed air-cooled or liquid nitrogen-cooled structures. However, existing air-cooled structures are insufficient to cope with the high temperatures generated under instantaneous overload or short circuit. Moreover, the heat dissipation efficiency of existing air-cooled systems is reduced due to dust accumulation, requiring frequent manual cleaning and resulting in high maintenance costs. Liquid nitrogen-cooled structures require regular replenishment. During use, a sudden drop in local temperature may cause brittle fracture of the material. Furthermore, the volume expansion of liquid nitrogen upon vaporization is significant. If the sealing structure is not properly designed, a sudden increase in internal pressure may cause the outer sheath of the connector to burst.

[0005] Weak intelligent operation and maintenance capabilities: Currently, most connectors only support single parameter monitoring and lack the ability to analyze multi-physics field coupled data, making it impossible to predict potential faults such as mechanical deformation and partial discharge; moreover, traditional operation and maintenance relies on inefficient manual inspection (requiring carrying special equipment to test point by point) and offline diagnosis, making it difficult to achieve real-time status visualization, remote decision support and precise on-site operation guidance.

[0006] Therefore, it is necessary to develop a multi-functional intermediate connector that can connect cables to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a multi-functional intermediate joint that can connect cables, solving the problems of increased risk of high-temperature breakdown and weak intelligent operation and maintenance capabilities in existing multi-functional intermediate joints that can connect cables.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a multifunctional intermediate connector for connecting cables, comprising a connector body, an RFID and GPS-based handheld maintenance terminal, and an IoT platform. The connector body is fixedly connected to the cable connector. The connector body includes, from the inside out, a conductor connection layer, an inner semiconductive layer, a main insulation layer, a heat-conducting layer, an outer semiconductive layer, a metal shielding layer, a protective layer, an outer sheath layer, and an external heat dissipation structure. The external heat dissipation structure includes a heat dissipation layer, an air outlet ring pipe, a blower pipe, a bidirectional axial flow fan, and a self-cleaning mechanism. The air outlet ring pipe and the heat dissipation layer are arranged sequentially on the outer wall of the outer sheath layer, the blower pipe is arranged on the side wall of the air outlet ring pipe, and the bidirectional axial flow fan is arranged inside the blower pipe.

[0009] The thermally conductive layer is composed of multiple sets of PCM rings and multiple sets of thermally conductive rings distributed axially at intervals. The multiple sets of PCM rings and thermally conductive rings are all disposed on the outer wall of the main insulating layer. The PCM rings are paraffin-based phase change materials encapsulated in a cyclic copper-graphene composite shell, and the thermally conductive rings are cyclic graphene-copper thermally conductive bridges.

[0010] A waterproof chamber is provided on the outer wall of the outer sheath layer and in front of the air outlet ring pipe. The waterproof chamber is equipped with a dual-frequency anti-metal RFID tag, an edge computing module, and a lithium thionyl chloride battery for connecting the connector to the maintenance handheld terminal and the Internet of Things platform. The connector body is equipped with a gas sensor, a temperature sensor, a piezoelectric ceramic sheet, a miniature capacitive probe, a distributed optical fiber, and a humidity sensor for real-time monitoring of the multi-physical coupling field of the connector body. The edge computing module fuses and processes the multi-source heterogeneous data to generate the health status information of the connector body.

[0011] Preferably, the heat dissipation layer is composed of an inner heat dissipation pipe, a honeycomb support structure, and an outer heat dissipation pipe arranged sequentially from the inside to the outside. The inner heat dissipation pipe, the honeycomb support structure, and the outer heat dissipation pipe are all made of aluminum alloy. The honeycomb support structure has multiple sets of hexagonal honeycomb holes inside, which penetrate the front and rear ends of the heat dissipation layer to form an air duct. The outer diameter of the air outlet ring pipe is smaller than the inner diameter of the outer heat dissipation pipe but larger than the outer diameter of the inner heat dissipation pipe. An air outlet cavity is provided inside the air outlet ring pipe. An air outlet is provided at the end of the air outlet cavity facing the heat dissipation layer. The air outlet is opposite to the air duct. The end of the blower pipe facing the air outlet ring pipe is connected to the air outlet cavity. A filter plate is detachably connected to the end of the blower pipe away from the air outlet ring pipe. A filter screen is provided on the inner side wall of the filter plate. The filter screen is cleaned by a bidirectional axial flow fan and a self-cleaning mechanism.

[0012] The self-cleaning mechanism includes a waterproof motor, a rotating rod, and multiple sets of brush bristles. The waterproof motor is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the blower tube via a fixed bracket. The rotating rod is fixedly connected to the end of the extended shaft of the waterproof motor. The rotating rod is centered along its length and connected to the end of the extended shaft of the waterproof motor, with the axis of the rotating rod perpendicular to the axis of the extended shaft of the waterproof motor. Multiple sets of brush bristles are fixedly connected to the side of the rotating rod away from the waterproof motor, and the side of the multiple sets of brush bristles away from the rotating rod abuts against the side of the filter screen facing the inside of the blower tube.

[0013] The dual-frequency anti-metal RFID tag has two frequencies: high frequency and ultra-high frequency. The dual-frequency anti-metal RFID tag has a built-in UWB module. The edge computing module consists of an NPU coprocessor, a low-power Bluetooth 5.2 module, an STM32H743VIT6, an NPU acceleration chip, and an ubloxZED-F9P positioning module.

[0014] A graphene thermal conductive sheet is provided on the inner sidewall of the PCM ring, covering 100% of the area of ​​the inner sidewall of the PCM ring. A copper wire mesh is provided on the outer circumferential wall of the PCM ring, covering 80% of the area of ​​the outer wall of the PCM ring. The copper wire in the copper wire mesh has a diameter of 0.2 mm.

[0015] Preferably, the conductor connection layer is a silver-plated copper crimped tube, the conductor connection layer is connected to the cable joint, and a groove is provided on the outer wall of the conductor connection layer near the center, and the temperature sensor is disposed inside the groove.

[0016] Preferably, the inner semiconductive layer is EPDM doped with carbon nanotubes, and the microcapacitive probe is disposed on the inner wall of the inner semiconductive layer. There are six groups of microcapacitive probes, and the six groups of microcapacitive probes are evenly distributed in a circle with the axis of the inner semiconductive layer as the center.

[0017] Preferably, the main insulating layer is nano-alumina modified XLPE, the distributed optical fiber is spirally wound around the inner wall of the main insulating layer, the distributed optical fiber is Φ0.25mm bending-resistant optical fiber, and the spiral winding pitch of the distributed optical fiber is 10-15mm.

[0018] Preferably, the outer semiconductive layer is conductive silicone rubber, and stress cones are provided at both ends of the outer semiconductive layer in the circumferential direction. There are two sets of piezoelectric ceramic sheets, and the two sets of piezoelectric ceramic sheets are respectively disposed on the inner sidewall of one set of stress cones.

[0019] Preferably, the metal shielding layer is composed of copper braided strips and corrugated aluminum tubes distributed inside and out. The outer wall of the corrugated aluminum tube is provided with a Rogowski coil and an induction power-taking coil. The Rogowski coil and the induction power-taking coil are shielded by a permalloy layer with a thickness of 0.1 mm.

[0020] Preferably, the protective layer consists of a buffer layer, a flame-retardant layer, and a waterproof layer distributed inside and out. The buffer layer is silicone rubber foam, the flame-retardant layer is ceramicized silicone rubber containing microcapsules, the microcapsules are encapsulated with an APP / PER / MEL system flame retardant, the waterproof layer is fluororubber, and the humidity sensor is disposed on the inner wall of the waterproof layer.

[0021] Preferably, the outer sheath layer is a polyurethane with a UV-A protection rating.

[0022] Preferably, the gas sensor is mounted on the upper wall of the waterproof chamber.

[0023] This invention provides a multifunctional intermediate connector for connecting cables. It offers the following advantages:

[0024] 1. Compared with existing technologies, this multi-functional intermediate connector for connecting cables achieves a dynamic balance between active heat dissipation and passive heat storage through the synergistic heat dissipation design of PCM phase change material and graphene thermal bridge, combined with a bidirectional axial flow fan and a self-cleaning mechanism. In the event of instantaneous overload or short circuit, the PCM phase change material quickly absorbs heat and slows down the temperature rise, while the axial flow fan forces air cooling to efficiently dissipate heat, preventing carbonization of the insulation layer. The self-cleaning mechanism can automatically remove dust from the filter screen, ensuring long-term heat dissipation stability and solving the problem of frequent maintenance caused by the degradation of heat dissipation efficiency in traditional solutions.

[0025] 2. Compared with existing technologies, this multi-functional intermediate joint for connecting cables uses an STM32H743VIT6 processor to perform time-frequency domain fusion of heterogeneous data such as temperature, mechanical stress, and partial discharge, achieving spatiotemporal alignment of multi-source data and greatly improving the accuracy of predicting insulation failure risks. Combined with dual-frequency anti-metal RFID tags, UWB precise positioning, and AR handheld maintenance terminals, on-site personnel can obtain the joint's health status, historical degradation trends, and maintenance guidance animations in real time through the AR interface, greatly reducing single-point inspection time and minimizing misoperation. The IoT platform supports experts to remotely access compressed sensing data from the edge computing module and collaboratively annotate the AR images, improving the speed of fault diagnosis response. It breaks through the limitations of traditional solutions with single monitoring dimensions and lagging offline diagnosis, establishing a full-chain intelligent operation and maintenance system of "perception-analysis-decision-execution". Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the connector body of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 2 A magnified view of a section at point A in the middle;

[0029] Figure 4 This is a partial top sectional view of the heat dissipation layer, air outlet ring pipe, and air blowing pipe connection structure of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 4 A magnified view of a section at point B in the middle;

[0031] Figure 6 This is a partial cross-sectional view of the internal structure of the waterproof compartment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 7 This is a partial cross-sectional view of the connection structure between the outer semiconductive layer and the stress cone of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 8 This is a partial schematic diagram of the connection structure between the main insulation layer and the distributed optical fiber of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of the heat-conducting layer of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 10 This is a partial cross-sectional view of the internal structure of the protective layer of the present invention.

[0036] The components include: 1. Conductor connection layer; 2. Inner semiconducting layer; 3. Main insulation layer; 4. Thermally conductive layer; 5. Outer semiconducting layer; 6. Metal shielding layer; 7. Protective layer; 8. Outer sheath layer; 9. Heat dissipation layer; 901. Inner heat dissipation pipe; 902. Honeycomb support structure; 903. Outer heat dissipation pipe; 10. Waterproof chamber; 11. Air outlet ring pipe; 1101. Air outlet cavity; 1102. Air outlet; 12. Air blowing pipe; 13. Filter plate; 14. Filter screen; 15. Bidirectional axial flow fan; 16. PCM ring; 17. 18. Thermal conductive ring; 19. Graphene thermal conductive sheet; 20. Copper wire mesh; 21. Buffer layer; 22. Flame retardant layer; 23. Waterproof layer; 24. Humidity sensor; 25. Dual-frequency anti-metal RFID tag; 26. Edge computing module; 27. Lithium thionyl chloride battery; 28. Gas sensor; 29. ​​Fixing bracket; 30. Waterproof motor; 31. Rotating rod; 32. Brush filament; 33. Temperature sensor; 34. Stress cone; 35. Piezoelectric ceramic sheet; 36. Miniature capacitive probe; 37. Distributed optical fiber. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] Example:

[0039] like Figures 1 to 10 As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides a multifunctional intermediate connector that can connect cables, including a connector body, an RFID and GPS-based handheld terminal for operation and maintenance, and an Internet of Things platform. The connector body is fixedly connected to the cable connector. The connector body includes, from the inside to the outside, a conductor connection layer 1, an inner semiconductive layer 2, a main insulation layer 3, a heat-conducting layer 4, an outer semiconductive layer 5, a metal shielding layer 6, a protective layer 7, an outer sheath layer 8, and an external heat dissipation structure for heat dissipation.

[0040] To achieve long-term heat dissipation and dustproof maintenance of cable joints under normal operating conditions, the external heat dissipation structure includes a heat dissipation layer 9, an air outlet ring pipe 11, a blower 12, a bidirectional axial flow fan 15, and a self-cleaning mechanism. The air outlet ring pipe 11 and the heat dissipation layer 9 are arranged sequentially on the outer wall of the outer sheath layer 8. The heat dissipation layer 9 is composed of an inner heat dissipation pipe 901, a honeycomb support structure 902, and an outer heat dissipation pipe 903 arranged sequentially from the inside to the outside. The inner heat dissipation pipe 901, the honeycomb support structure 902, and the outer heat dissipation pipe 903 are all made of aluminum alloy. The honeycomb support structure 902 has multiple sets of... Hexagonal honeycomb holes, with multiple sets of hexagonal honeycomb holes penetrating both ends of the heat dissipation layer 9 to form an air duct; the outer diameter of the air outlet ring pipe 11 is smaller than the inner diameter of the outer heat dissipation pipe 903 but larger than the outer diameter of the inner heat dissipation pipe 901; an air outlet cavity 1101 is provided inside the air outlet ring pipe 11, and an air outlet 1102 is provided at the end of the air outlet cavity 1101 facing the heat dissipation layer 9, with the air outlet 1102 opposite to the air duct; a blower pipe 12 is provided on the side wall of the air outlet ring pipe 11, and a bidirectional axial flow fan 15 is provided inside the blower pipe 12, with the end of the blower pipe 12 facing the air outlet ring pipe 11 communicating with the interior of the air outlet cavity 1101.

[0041] During normal operation of the cable, the heat dissipation layer 9 passively dissipates heat through the high thermal emissivity of the aluminum alloy material; when the temperature rise threshold is detected, the axial flow fan 15 starts to enhance convection, and the heat dissipation efficiency is greatly improved compared to the purely passive solution.

[0042] To achieve long-term dust prevention for the bidirectional axial flow fan 15, a filter plate 13 is detachably connected to the end of the air blowing pipe 12 away from the air outlet ring pipe 11. A filter screen 14 is provided on the inner side wall of the filter plate 13. The filter screen 14 is cleaned by the bidirectional axial flow fan 15 and a self-cleaning mechanism. The self-cleaning mechanism includes a waterproof motor 29, a rotating rod 30, and multiple sets of brush bristles 31. The waterproof motor 29 is fixedly connected to the inner side wall of the air blowing pipe 12 by a fixed bracket 28. The rotating rod 30 is fixedly connected to the end of the extended shaft of the waterproof motor 29. The rotating rod 30 is connected to the end of the extended shaft of the waterproof motor 29 at the center of its length direction, and the axis of the rotating rod 30 is perpendicular to the axis of the extended shaft of the waterproof motor 29. Multiple sets of brush bristles 31 are all fixedly connected to the side of the rotating rod 30 away from the waterproof motor 29. The side of the multiple sets of brush bristles 31 away from the rotating rod 30 abuts against the side of the filter screen 14 facing the inside of the air blowing pipe 12.

[0043] After a certain period of time, the filter screen 14 is cleaned by the back-blowing of the bidirectional axial flow fan 15 and the brush 31 driven by the waterproof motor 29. The self-cleaning mechanism can remove more than 90% of the dust from the filter screen, ensuring that the heat dissipation efficiency decreases by ≤5% throughout the year, effectively reducing the frequency of manual cleaning.

[0044] To prevent insulation thermal runaway caused by instantaneous overload of cable joints, the thermally conductive layer 4 is composed of multiple sets of PCM rings 16 and multiple sets of thermally conductive rings 17 distributed axially. The multiple sets of PCM rings 16 and thermally conductive rings 17 are all set on the outer wall of the main insulation layer 3. The PCM rings 16 are paraffin-based phase change materials encapsulated in a cyclic copper-graphene composite shell. The thermally conductive rings 17 are cyclic graphene-copper thermally conductive bridges. Graphene thermally conductive sheets 18 are provided on the inner sidewall of the PCM rings 16, covering 100% of the area of ​​the inner sidewall of the PCM rings 16. Copper wire mesh 19 is provided on the circumferential outer wall of the PCM rings 16, covering 80% of the area of ​​the outer wall of the PCM rings 16. The copper wire diameter in the copper wire mesh 19 is 0.2mm.

[0045] When the cable experiences a sudden short circuit or overload, the PCM ring 16 rapidly absorbs the Joule heat (latent heat of phase change ≥180kJ / kg) transferred by the conductor connection layer 1 through solid-liquid phase change. The graphene heat-conducting sheet 18 evenly diffuses the heat to the adjacent heat-conducting ring 17, and the copper wire mesh 19 dissipates heat through radiation-assisted heat dissipation, thereby reducing the temperature rise rate of the main insulation layer 3 by more than 60% and effectively preventing carbonization of XLPE insulation.

[0046] To analyze and quantify the function and effect of the multiphysics sensing network, a waterproof chamber 10 is installed on the outer wall of the outer sheath layer 8, located in front of the air outlet ring pipe 11. Inside the waterproof chamber 10 are a dual-frequency anti-metal RFID tag 24, an edge computing module 25, and a lithium thionyl chloride battery 26 for connection to the maintenance handheld terminal and IoT platform. The dual-frequency anti-metal RFID tag 24 is dual-frequency (high frequency and ultra-high frequency) and has a built-in UWB module. The edge computing module 25 consists of an NPU coprocessor, a low-power Bluetooth 5.2 module, an STM32H743VIT6, an NPU acceleration chip, and an ublox ZED- The F9P positioning module; the connector body is equipped with a gas sensor 27, a temperature sensor 32, a piezoelectric ceramic plate 34, a miniature capacitive probe 35, a distributed optical fiber 36, and a humidity sensor 23 for real-time monitoring of the multi-physical coupling field of the connector body. The edge computing module 25 fuses the multi-source heterogeneous data to generate connector body health status information. The conductor connection layer 1 is a silver-plated copper crimp tube, connected to the cable connector. A groove is provided on the outer wall of the conductor connection layer 1 near the center, and the temperature sensor 32 is located inside the groove. The inner semiconductive layer 2 is EPDM doped with carbon nanotubes, and the miniature capacitive probe 35 is... The inner semiconductive layer 2 contains six sets of miniature capacitive probes 35, each distributed circumferentially around the axis of the inner semiconductive layer 2. The main insulating layer 3 is made of nano-alumina modified XLPE. Distributed optical fibers 36 are spirally wound around the inner wall of the main insulating layer 3. The distributed optical fibers 36 are Φ0.25mm bending-resistant optical fibers with a spiral pitch of 10-15mm. The outer semiconductive layer 5 is made of conductive silicone rubber. Stress cones 33 are provided at both ends of the outer semiconductive layer 5. There are two sets of piezoelectric ceramic sheets 34, each set being disposed on the inner wall of one set of stress cones 33. The metal shielding layer 6 consists of inner and outer layers. The protective layer 7 consists of distributed copper braided strips and corrugated aluminum tubes. A Rogowski coil and an inductive power-collecting coil are installed on the outer wall of the corrugated aluminum tubes, shielded by a 0.1mm thick permalloy layer. The protective layer 7 comprises an inner and outer distributed buffer layer 20, a flame-retardant layer 21, and a waterproof layer 22. The buffer layer 20 is silicone rubber foam, the flame-retardant layer 21 is ceramicized silicone rubber containing microcapsules, with the microcapsules encapsulating an APP / PER / MEL system flame retardant, and the waterproof layer 22 is fluororubber. A humidity sensor 23 is installed on the inner wall of the waterproof layer 22. The outer sheath layer 8 is UV-A resistant polyurethane. A gas sensor 27 is installed on the upper wall of the waterproof chamber 10.

[0047] Temperature sensor 32 is in direct contact with the silver-plated copper crimp tube of conductor connection layer 1. The sampling frequency is 1kHz. The data is converted into a temperature gradient spectrum by the ADC module of STM32H743VIT6. Temperature sensor 32 monitors the contact resistance temperature rise of conductor connection layer 1 in real time and captures local overheating caused by loosening or corrosion. Electromagnetic interference is eliminated by the Kalman filter algorithm of edge computing module 25, so that the temperature rise detection response time is ≤200ms, which is significantly improved compared with traditional solutions.

[0048] Gas sensor 27 initiates a gas sampling cycle every 5 minutes, switching to continuous monitoring mode in abnormal conditions. Data is uploaded to the cloud database via Bluetooth 5.2 module. Gas sensor 27 detects characteristic gases such as CO, H2, and C2H2 produced by the thermal decomposition of insulating materials (detection limit ≤10ppm), identifying early partial discharge or overheating defects. It adopts nano-catalytic sensitive membrane technology, achieving a gas identification accuracy of ≥98%. Combined with LSTM time-series analysis of edge computing module 25, it enables early warning of insulation degradation 6-8 hours in advance.

[0049] The piezoelectric ceramic sheet 34 and the stress cone 33 are conformally bonded to the silicone rubber substrate. The signal is conditioned by a charge amplifier and then input into the DSP core of the STM32 for time-frequency domain feature extraction.

[0050] The piezoelectric ceramic sheet 34 collects the charge signal (sensitivity 5pC / N) generated by the stress cone 33 due to mechanical vibration or deformation, and quantifies the axial pressure fluctuation of the joint (range ±500N); through the wavelet packet decomposition algorithm of the NPU coprocessor, it distinguishes between construction impact (>100Hz high frequency component) and long-term deformation (<10Hz low frequency component), and the positioning accuracy reaches ±2cm.

[0051] Distributed optical fiber 36 (connected to the OTDR module of edge computing module 25 at both ends, refreshes the full-length strain-temperature joint distribution map every 30 seconds);

[0052] The distributed optical fiber 36 is based on the Brillouin scattering effect of Φ0.25mm bend-resistant optical fiber to measure the axial strain distribution (resolution 1με) and temperature field (accuracy ±0.3℃) of the main insulation layer 3; the helical layout with a pitch of 10-15mm achieves a spatial resolution of ≤5mm, which can identify strain anomalies caused by microcracks at the 0.1mm level, greatly improving the detection efficiency compared with traditional point sensors.

[0053] The electrodes of the miniature capacitive probe 35 are in direct contact with the carbon nanotube / EPDM material of the inner semiconductive layer 2, and the signal is transmitted to the differential amplifier circuit of the edge computing module 25 via a shielded cable.

[0054] A miniature capacitive probe 35 monitors the electric field distortion of the inner semiconducting layer 2 (sensitivity 0.1 kV / mm). 2The system locates areas of concentrated electric field caused by interface peeling or contamination; the equiangular distribution of six probes (60° intervals) combined with the inverse problem solving algorithm of the NPU reconstructs the three-dimensional electric field distribution with an error of ≤5%, and can identify partial discharge points with a diameter of 3mm or more.

[0055] Humidity sensor 23 collects data every 10 minutes. When the humidity is >60%RH, high-frequency sampling (1Hz) is started, and the location information is uploaded to the operation and maintenance terminal through the UWB module.

[0056] Humidity sensor 23 detects humidity surges caused by water seepage through microcracks in waterproof layer 22 (range 0-100%RH, accuracy ±2%RH), triggering a seal failure warning; it adopts MEMS capacitive humidity sensing technology with a response time ≤3s. After fusion with strain data from distributed optical fiber 36, it can distinguish between environmental humidity interference and actual leakage (false alarm rate <1%).

[0057] NPU coprocessor: Deploys lightweight convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for electric field distortion image recognition and strain pattern classification (inference latency <50ms);

[0058] STM32H743VIT6: Runs the FreeRTOS real-time system to perform time series analysis and threshold determination of raw sensor data;

[0059] ublox ZED-F9P positioning module: provides centimeter-level positioning accuracy (RTK mode), and marks the GPS coordinates of fault points (error ±10cm).

[0060] Communication link of dual-frequency anti-metal RFID tag 24:

[0061] High frequency band (13.56MHz): Used for near-field identification (reading distance 10cm), interacting with the NFC module of the AR maintenance terminal to quickly retrieve the connector's historical maintenance records;

[0062] Ultra-high frequency band (920-925MHz): Transmits compressed sensor data packets to the Internet of Things platform (maximum transmission rate 2Mbps, anti-metal performance >30dBm);

[0063] UWB module (3.5-6.5GHz): Enables precise fault location in complex electromagnetic environments (TOA ranging accuracy ±15cm), guiding maintenance personnel directly to the defect location.

[0064] The lithium thionyl chloride battery 26 uses STM32's Dynamic Voltage Regulation (DVS) technology to reduce MCU power consumption to 10μA in standby mode. The NPU is only activated during data bursts. Battery capacity decay is modeled based on the Peukert equation and combined with a temperature compensation algorithm (-40℃~85℃) to ensure more than 5 years of maintenance-free operation. When the battery voltage is detected to be <2.8V, non-core sensors (such as distributed optical fibers) are shut down, and communication modules and positioning functions are maintained first.

[0065] Algorithm flow:

[0066] Data preprocessing: Applying moving average filtering and outlier removal to time-series data such as temperature, humidity, and vibration;

[0067] Feature extraction: Wavelet transform was used to extract the frequency domain features of the vibration signal, and principal component analysis (PCA) was used to reduce the electric field distribution data.

[0068] Status assessment: A health index (HI) is generated based on a fuzzy logic rule base (12 types of fault modes). A maintenance work order is triggered when HI < 70%.

[0069] Thermo-mechanical-electric coupling diagnosis: Temperature sensor 32 and distributed optical fiber 36 jointly invert the thermal resistance of conductor-insulator interface (error <5%), and piezoelectric ceramic sheet 34 and miniature capacitor probe 35 collaboratively identify electric field distortion induced by mechanical deformation;

[0070] Spatiotemporal correlation analysis: The edge computing module 25 establishes a spatiotemporal matrix of sensor data (timestamp synchronization accuracy ±1ms), and converts the one-dimensional signal into a two-dimensional fault feature map through Gram angle field (GAF), improving the CNN classification accuracy to 99.2%.

[0071] Early warning stage: After the humidity sensor 23 detects water seepage, the RFID tag 24 broadcasts an alarm signal via UWB, and the AR terminal displays an animation of the seepage path;

[0072] Location phase: Data fusion between distributed optical fiber 36 and piezoelectric ceramic sheet 34 generates three-dimensional coordinates of the crack, navigating to the fault point;

[0073] Decision-making phase: Edge computing module 25 calls the knowledge graph to recommend maintenance solutions (such as replacing the sealing ring or reinforcing the waterproof layer) and pushes spare parts inventory information to the operation and maintenance terminal.

[0074] Working principle: During normal cable operation, the heat dissipation layer 9 passively dissipates heat through the high thermal emissivity of the aluminum alloy material; when the temperature rise threshold is detected, the axial flow fan 15 starts to enhance convection, greatly improving the heat dissipation efficiency compared to a purely passive solution; after a certain period of operation, the bidirectional axial flow fan 15 back-blowing, combined with the waterproof motor 29 driving the brush 31 to clean the filter screen 14, the self-cleaning mechanism can remove more than 90% of the filter screen dust, ensuring that the annual heat dissipation efficiency decay is ≤5%, effectively reducing the frequency of manual cleaning; when the cable experiences a sudden short circuit or overload, the PCM ring 16 rapidly absorbs the Joule heat (latent heat of phase change ≥180kJ / kg) transferred by the conductor connection layer 1 through solid-liquid phase change, and the graphene heat-conducting sheet... 18. Heat is evenly diffused to the adjacent heat-conducting ring 17. The copper wire mesh 19 provides radiation-assisted heat dissipation, reducing the temperature rise rate of the main insulation layer 3 by more than 60%, effectively preventing carbonization of XLPE insulation. The temperature sensor 32 is in direct contact with the silver-plated copper pressure tube of the conductor connection layer 1. The sampling frequency is 1kHz. The data is converted into a temperature gradient spectrum by the ADC module of STM32H743VIT6. The temperature sensor 32 monitors the contact resistance temperature rise of the conductor connection layer 1 in real time, capturing local overheating caused by loosening or corrosion. Electromagnetic interference is eliminated by the Kalman filter algorithm of the edge computing module 25, making the temperature rise detection response time ≤200ms, which is significantly improved compared with the traditional solution.

[0075] Gas sensor 27 initiates a gas sampling cycle every 5 minutes, switching to continuous monitoring mode in abnormal conditions. Data is uploaded to the cloud database via Bluetooth 5.2 module. Gas sensor 27 detects characteristic gases such as CO, H2, and C2H2 produced by the thermal decomposition of insulating materials (detection limit ≤10ppm), identifying early partial discharge or overheating defects. It adopts nano-catalytic sensitive membrane technology, achieving a gas identification accuracy of ≥98%. Combined with LSTM time-series analysis of edge computing module 25, it enables early warning of insulation degradation 6-8 hours in advance.

[0076] The piezoelectric ceramic sheet 34 and the stress cone 33 are conformally bonded to the silicone rubber substrate. The signal is conditioned by a charge amplifier and then input into the DSP core of the STM32 for time-frequency domain feature extraction.

[0077] The piezoelectric ceramic sheet 34 collects the charge signal (sensitivity 5pC / N) generated by the stress cone 33 due to mechanical vibration or deformation, and quantifies the axial pressure fluctuation of the joint (range ±500N); through the wavelet packet decomposition algorithm of the NPU coprocessor, it distinguishes between construction impact (>100Hz high frequency component) and long-term deformation (<10Hz low frequency component), and the positioning accuracy reaches ±2cm.

[0078] Distributed optical fiber 36 (connected to the OTDR module of edge computing module 25 at both ends, refreshes the full-length strain-temperature joint distribution map every 30 seconds);

[0079] The distributed optical fiber 36 is based on the Brillouin scattering effect of Φ0.25mm bend-resistant optical fiber to measure the axial strain distribution (resolution 1με) and temperature field (accuracy ±0.3℃) of the main insulation layer 3; the helical layout with a pitch of 10-15mm achieves a spatial resolution of ≤5mm, which can identify strain anomalies caused by microcracks at the 0.1mm level, greatly improving the detection efficiency compared with traditional point sensors.

[0080] The electrodes of the miniature capacitive probe 35 are in direct contact with the carbon nanotube / EPDM material of the inner semiconductive layer 2, and the signal is transmitted to the differential amplifier circuit of the edge computing module 25 via a shielded cable.

[0081] A miniature capacitive probe 35 monitors the electric field distortion of the inner semiconducting layer 2 (sensitivity 0.1 kV / mm). 2 The system locates areas of concentrated electric field caused by interface peeling or contamination; the equiangular distribution of six probes (60° intervals) combined with the inverse problem solving algorithm of the NPU reconstructs the three-dimensional electric field distribution with an error of ≤5%, and can identify partial discharge points with a diameter of 3mm or more.

[0082] Humidity sensor 23 collects data every 10 minutes. When the humidity is >60%RH, high-frequency sampling (1Hz) is started, and the location information is uploaded to the operation and maintenance terminal through the UWB module.

[0083] Humidity sensor 23 detects humidity surges caused by water seepage through microcracks in waterproof layer 22 (range 0-100%RH, accuracy ±2%RH), triggering a seal failure warning; it adopts MEMS capacitive humidity sensing technology with a response time ≤3s. After fusion with strain data from distributed optical fiber 36, it can distinguish between environmental humidity interference and actual leakage (false alarm rate <1%).

[0084] NPU coprocessor: Deploys lightweight convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for electric field distortion image recognition and strain pattern classification (inference latency <50ms);

[0085] STM32H743VIT6: Runs the FreeRTOS real-time system to perform time series analysis and threshold determination of raw sensor data;

[0086] ublox ZED-F9P positioning module: provides centimeter-level positioning accuracy (RTK mode), and marks the GPS coordinates of fault points (error ±10cm).

[0087] Communication link of dual-frequency anti-metal RFID tag 24:

[0088] High frequency band (13.56MHz): Used for near-field identification (reading distance 10cm), interacting with the NFC module of the AR maintenance terminal to quickly retrieve the connector's historical maintenance records;

[0089] Ultra-high frequency band (920-925MHz): Transmits compressed sensor data packets to the Internet of Things platform (maximum transmission rate 2Mbps, anti-metal performance >30dBm);

[0090] UWB module (3.5-6.5GHz): Enables precise fault location in complex electromagnetic environments (TOA ranging accuracy ±15cm), guiding maintenance personnel directly to the defect location.

[0091] The lithium thionyl chloride battery 26 uses STM32's Dynamic Voltage Regulation (DVS) technology to reduce MCU power consumption to 10μA in standby mode. The NPU is only activated during data bursts. Battery capacity decay is modeled based on the Peukert equation and combined with a temperature compensation algorithm (-40℃~85℃) to ensure more than 5 years of maintenance-free operation. When the battery voltage is detected to be <2.8V, non-core sensors (such as distributed optical fibers) are shut down, and communication modules and positioning functions are maintained first.

[0092] Algorithm flow:

[0093] Data preprocessing: Applying moving average filtering and outlier removal to time-series data such as temperature, humidity, and vibration;

[0094] Feature extraction: Wavelet transform was used to extract the frequency domain features of the vibration signal, and principal component analysis (PCA) was used to reduce the electric field distribution data.

[0095] Status assessment: A health index (HI) is generated based on a fuzzy logic rule base (12 types of fault modes). A maintenance work order is triggered when HI < 70%.

[0096] Thermo-mechanical-electric coupling diagnosis: Temperature sensor 32 and distributed optical fiber 36 jointly invert the thermal resistance of conductor-insulator interface (error <5%), and piezoelectric ceramic sheet 34 and miniature capacitor probe 35 collaboratively identify electric field distortion induced by mechanical deformation;

[0097] Spatiotemporal correlation analysis: The edge computing module 25 establishes a spatiotemporal matrix of sensor data (timestamp synchronization accuracy ±1ms), and converts the one-dimensional signal into a two-dimensional fault feature map through Gram angle field (GAF), improving the CNN classification accuracy to 99.2%.

[0098] Early warning stage: After the humidity sensor 23 detects water seepage, the RFID tag 24 broadcasts an alarm signal via UWB, and the AR terminal displays an animation of the seepage path;

[0099] Location phase: Data fusion between distributed optical fiber 36 and piezoelectric ceramic sheet 34 generates three-dimensional coordinates of the crack, navigating to the fault point;

[0100] Decision-making phase: Edge computing module 25 calls the knowledge graph to recommend maintenance solutions (such as replacing the sealing ring or reinforcing the waterproof layer) and pushes spare parts inventory information to the operation and maintenance terminal.

[0101] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A multi-functional intermediate connector of connectable cables, characterized by: The utility model relates to a cable joint body, an RFID and GPS based operation and maintenance handheld terminal and an internet of things platform, the cable joint body is fixedly connected at the cable joint, the cable joint body includes conductor connecting layer (1), inner semiconductive layer (2), main insulation layer (3), heat conducting layer (4), outer semiconductive layer (5), metal shielding layer (6), protective layer (7), outer sheath layer (8) and external heat dissipation structure for heat dissipation are arranged gradually from inside to outside, the external heat dissipation structure includes heat dissipation layer (9), air outlet ring pipe (11), blow pipe (12), bidirectional axial flow fan (15) and self-cleaning mechanism, air outlet ring pipe (11) and heat dissipation layer (9) are sequentially arranged in the outer wall of outer sheath layer (8) according to front and back distribution, blow pipe (12) is arranged in the side wall of air outlet ring pipe (11), bidirectional axial flow fan (15) is arranged in the inside of blow pipe (12), the heat conducting layer (4) is composed of multiple groups of PCM ring (16) and multiple groups of heat conducting ring (17) that are axially spaced, multiple groups of PCM ring (16) and heat conducting ring (17) are all arranged in the outer wall of main insulation layer (3), the PCM ring (16) is paraffin-based phase change material encapsulated in annular copper-graphene composite shell, the heat conducting ring (17) is annular graphene-copper heat conducting bridge, the outer wall of outer sheath layer (8) and located air outlet ring pipe (11) front side is provided with waterproof bin (10), waterproof bin (10) is provided with double-frequency anti-metal RFID tag (24), edge computing module (25) and lithium sulfochloride battery (26) for connecting the joint with operation and maintenance handheld terminal and internet of things platform in the inside, the cable joint body is provided with gas sensor (27), temperature sensor (32), piezoelectric ceramic sheet (34), micro capacitive probe (35), distributed optical fiber (36) and humidity sensor (23) for real-time monitoring the multi-physical quantity coupling field of the cable joint body multidimensional parameter, and the multi-source heterogeneous data is fused and handled through edge computing module (25), generates the health state information of the cable joint body, The heat dissipation layer (9) is composed of an inner heat dissipation pipe (901), a honeycomb support structure (902) and an outer heat dissipation pipe (903) arranged in sequence from inside to outside, the inner heat dissipation pipe (901), the honeycomb support structure (902) and the outer heat dissipation pipe (903) are all aluminum alloy, the honeycomb support structure (902) is internally provided with a plurality of hexagonal honeycomb holes, the plurality of hexagonal honeycomb holes form an air duct through the front and back ends of the heat dissipation layer (9), the outer diameter of the air outlet ring pipe (11) is smaller than the inner diameter of the outer heat dissipation pipe (903) and larger than the outer diameter of the inner heat dissipation pipe (901), the air outlet ring pipe (11) is internally provided with an air outlet cavity (1101), one end of the air outlet cavity (1101) towards the heat dissipation layer (9) is provided with an air outlet (1102), the air outlet (1102) is opposite to the air duct, one end of the air blowing pipe (12) towards the air outlet ring pipe (11) is through the inside of the air outlet cavity (1101), one end of the air blowing pipe (12) away from the air outlet ring pipe (11) is detachably connected with a filter plate (13), the inner side wall of the filter plate (13) is provided with a filter screen (14), the filter screen (14) is cleaned by a bidirectional axial flow fan (15) and a self-cleaning mechanism. The self-cleaning mechanism comprises a waterproof motor (29), a rotating rod (30) and a plurality of brush wires (31), the waterproof motor (29) is fixedly connected to the inner side wall of the air blowing pipe (12) through a fixed support (28), the rotating rod (30) is fixedly connected to the protruding shaft end portion of the waterproof motor (29), the lengthwise central position of the rotating rod (30) is connected to the protruding shaft end portion of the waterproof motor (29) and the shaft center line of the rotating rod (30) is perpendicular to the protruding shaft center line of the waterproof motor (29), the plurality of brush wires (31) are all fixedly connected to one side of the rotating rod (30) away from the waterproof motor (29), and one side of the plurality of brush wires (31) away from the rotating rod (30) is abutted to one side of the filter screen (14) towards the inside of the air blowing pipe (12). The dual-frequency of the dual-frequency anti-metal RFID tag (24) is a high-frequency band and an ultrahigh-frequency band, the dual-frequency anti-metal RFID tag (24) is internally provided with a UWB module, and the edge computing module (25) comprises an NPU coprocessor, a Bluetooth 5.2 module, an STM32H743VIT6, an NPU acceleration chip and an ublox ZED-F9P positioning module. The inner side wall of the PCM ring (16) is provided with a graphene heat conduction sheet (18), the graphene heat conduction sheet (18) covers 100% of the area of the inner side wall of the PCM ring (16), the circumferential outer wall of the PCM ring (16) is provided with a copper wire mesh (19), the copper wire mesh (19) covers 80% of the area of the outer wall of the PCM ring (16), and the diameter of the copper wire in the copper wire mesh (19) is 0.2 mm.

2. A multi-functional intermediate connector of a connectable cable according to claim 1, characterized in that: The conductor connecting layer (1) is a silver-plated copper crimping pipe, the conductor connecting layer (1) is connected at a cable joint, a recess is arranged on the outer wall of the conductor connecting layer (1) and close to the middle position, and the temperature sensor (32) is arranged in the recess.

3. A multi-functional intermediate connector of a connectable cable according to claim 2, characterized in that: The inner semiconductive layer (2) is EPDM doped with carbon nanotubes, the micro-capacitive probe (35) is arranged on the inner wall of the inner semiconductive layer (2), and the micro-capacitive probe (35) has six groups, and the six groups of micro-capacitive probes (35) are circumferentially distributed with the axis of the inner semiconductive layer (2) as the center.

4. A multi-functional intermediate connector of a connectable cable according to claim 3, characterized in that: The main insulation layer (3) is nano-aluminum oxide modified XLPE, the distributed optical fiber (36) is spirally wound on the inner side wall of the main insulation layer (3), the distributed optical fiber (36) adopts a Φ0.25mm bending-resistant optical fiber, and the spiral winding pitch of the distributed optical fiber (36) is 10-15mm.

5. The multifunctional intermediate joint of a connectable cable according to claim 4, wherein the outer semiconductive layer (5) is conductive silicone rubber, stress cones (33) are arranged on the circumferential ends of the outer semiconductive layer (5), the piezoelectric ceramic sheets (34) are two groups, and the two groups of piezoelectric ceramic sheets (34) are arranged on the inner side walls of the stress cones (33), respectively.

6. A multi-functional intermediate connector of a connectable cable according to claim 5, characterized in that: The metal shielding layer (6) is composed of copper braid and corrugated aluminum pipe distributed inside and outside, the outer wall of the corrugated aluminum pipe is provided with a Rogowski coil and an inductive power taking coil, and the Rogowski coil and the inductive power taking coil are shielded by a permalloy layer with a thickness of 0.1mm.

7. A multi-functional intermediate connector of a connectable cable according to claim 6, characterized in that: The protective layer (7) is composed of a buffer layer (20), a flame-retardant layer (21) and a waterproof layer (22) distributed inside and outside, the buffer layer (20) is silicone rubber foam, the flame-retardant layer (21) is ceramicized silicone rubber containing microcapsules, the microcapsules encapsulate APP / PER / MEL system flame retardants, the waterproof layer (22) is fluororubber, and a humidity sensor (23) is arranged on the inner wall of the waterproof layer (22).

8. A multi-functional intermediate connector of a connectable cable according to claim 7, characterized in that: The outer sheath layer (8) is polyurethane of anti-ultraviolet grade UV-A.

9. A multi-functional intermediate connector of a connectable cable according to claim 8, characterized in that: The gas sensor (27) is arranged on the upper wall of the waterproof bin (10).

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