Single-motor commercial vehicle electric drive axle

Abstract

A single-motor commercial vehicle electric drive axle comprises an oil cooling flat wire motor, a main speed reducer assembly, a differential mechanism assembly, a gear shifting mechanism assembly, a bearing component and a wheel edge speed reducing mechanism, and the oil cooling flat wire motor, the main speed reducer assembly, the differential mechanism assembly, the gear shifting mechanism assembly and the wheel edge speed reducing mechanism are all installed on the bearing component. The oil cooling flat wire motor, the main speed reducer assembly and the differential mechanism assembly are sequentially connected, the differential mechanism assembly is connected with the hub reduction mechanism through a half shaft, the oil cooling flat wire motor comprises a motor front end cover and a motor rear end cover, and a driving wheel and a driven wheel of the main speed reducer assembly are both installed on the motor front end cover. A driven wheel output shaft of the driven wheel and the sun wheel are assembled together, a planet wheel of the main speed reducer assembly is installed in the differential mechanism assembly, and a planet carrier of the planet wheel and a differential mechanism shell of the differential mechanism assembly are of an integrated structure. And one end of the half shaft penetrates through the sun gear and an inner hole of the motor front end cover and is connected with the hub reduction mechanism on one side.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of commercial vehicle electric drive axles, and particularly relates to a single-motor commercial vehicle electric drive axle. Background Art

[0002] At present, for new energy commercial vehicle electric drive axles, especially heavy truck electric drive axles, water-cooled drive motors are mainly used, replacing the original engine and adding a drive shaft and a rear axle to form a power system.

[0003] Existing products have large occupied space, low integration, heavy system weight, high system cost, poor reliability and high maintenance cost. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Aiming at the problems existing in the above background art introduction, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a single-motor commercial vehicle electric drive axle, which greatly reduces the occupied space of the power system, improves the output efficiency of the power system, reduces the weight of the power system, and improves the overall reliability of the shifting system.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0006] A single-motor commercial vehicle electric drive axle includes an oil-cooled flat wire motor, a main reducer assembly, a differential assembly, a shifting mechanism assembly, a bearing component, and a wheel side reduction mechanism. The oil-cooled flat wire motor, the main reducer assembly, the differential assembly, the shifting mechanism assembly, and the wheel side reduction mechanism are all installed on the bearing component. The oil-cooled flat wire motor, the main reducer assembly, and the differential assembly are connected in sequence. The differential assembly is connected to the wheel side reduction mechanism through a half shaft. The oil-cooled flat wire motor includes a motor front end cover and a motor rear end cover. The driving wheel and the driven wheel of the main reducer assembly are both installed on the motor front end cover. The output shaft of the driven wheel is assembled with the sun gear. The planet gears of the main reducer assembly are installed in the differential assembly. The planet carrier of the planet gears and the differential housing of the differential assembly are an integral structure. One end of the half shaft passes through the sun gear and the inner hole of the motor front end cover and is connected to the wheel side reduction mechanism on one side.

[0007] Further, the bearing component includes a bridge housing, a half shaft sleeve, a front cover, and a rear cover. The front cover and the rear cover are respectively fixedly installed on the front and rear sides of the bridge housing. The half shaft sleeves are respectively detachably arranged on both sides of the bridge housing. The oil-cooled flat wire motor, the main reducer assembly, and the differential assembly are integrated at the bridge housing. The wheel side reduction mechanism is installed outside each half shaft sleeve.

[0008] Further, a motor controller is integrally installed on the front cover. The motor controller is connected to the three-phase wires of the oil-cooled flat wire motor. The present invention cancels the external wiring harness, reduces the space required for the layout of the bridge assembly and the motor controller, saves the chassis space of the whole vehicle, and reduces the weight.

[0009] Furthermore, the oil-cooled flat wire motor includes a stator and a rotor. A motor shaft is provided in the middle of the rotor. The motor shaft is provided with a hollow oil passage. The oil inlets of the cooling oil passage in the stator and the hollow oil passage of the motor shaft are both connected to the oil outlet pipe of the oil cooling system. The oil outlets of the cooling oil passage in the stator and the hollow oil passage of the motor shaft are both connected to the oil storage cavity of the oil cooling system.

[0010] Furthermore, the two ends of the stator are respectively connected with a stator front cover and a stator rear cover. The stator front cover is connected with a motor front end cover, and the stator rear cover is connected with a motor rear end cover. The rotor is installed inside the stator. The two ends of the motor shaft are respectively supported by the bearing chambers in the motor front end cover and the stator rear cover.

[0011] Both the stator front cover and the stator rear cover are internally provided with a semi-circular cooling oil structure for spraying the two ends of the stator assembly. The tops of the stator front cover and the stator rear cover are both provided with oil inlets for communicating with the oil outlet pipe. The bottoms of the stator front cover and the stator rear cover are both provided with oil drain hole structures, and the oil drain hole structures are connected to the oil storage cavity. The motor rear end cover is internally provided with a cooling oil passage structure, and the cooling oil passage structure submerges the motor shaft and is connected to the hollow oil passage. The motor shaft is evenly provided with oil slinging holes, and the cooling oil slung out by the oil slinging holes can be slung into the end of the stator through the inclined oil slinging grooves on the rotor.

[0012] Furthermore, a three-phase wire terminal block for leading the three-phase wires inside the motor to an external junction box is provided on the motor rear end cover. The three-phase wire terminal block is a copper bar injection molding integrated structure. In the present invention, the motor is separated from the junction box through the three-phase wire terminal block, and condensation inside the motor is avoided from affecting the insulation performance through the hot and cold isolation method.

[0013] Furthermore, the oil cooling system further includes a suction filter, an oil pump, a pressure filter, and a heat exchanger. The suction filter is arranged at the bottom inside the axle housing. The suction filter is connected to the oil storage cavity. The output end of the suction filter is connected to the input end of the oil pump. The output end of the oil pump is sequentially connected to the pressure filter and the heat exchanger through an oil passage integrated on the rear cover. The output end of the heat exchanger is provided with two oil outlet pipes. One oil outlet pipe is connected to the oil inlet of the oil-cooled flat wire motor, and the other oil outlet pipe is connected to the oil inlet of the differential assembly. The oil outlets of the oil-cooled flat wire motor and the differential assembly are both connected to the oil storage cavity. In the present invention, the external connection of pipelines is reduced. After passing through the heat exchanger, the lubricating oil passes through one path to cool the stator and rotor of the motor, and through the other path to lubricate the differential gears inside the differential.

[0014] Further, the differential assembly includes an internal gear ring, which is sleeved outside the planet gears. Inner gear ring brackets and tooth covers are respectively arranged on both sides of the internal gear ring. The internal gear ring can move and then mesh with the inner gear ring brackets and the tooth covers respectively. When the internal gear ring meshes with the inner gear ring brackets, the internal gear ring does not rotate, and this is the first gear state. When the internal gear ring meshes with the tooth cover, the internal gear ring rotates, and this is the second gear state.

[0015] Further, the differential assembly includes a differential housing, and a vehicle speed and mileage sensor for sensing the gear ring is installed on the differential housing, that is, the differential housing simultaneously realizes the speed measurement function.

[0016] Further, the shift mechanism assembly is a pneumatic shift mechanism. A shift fork driven to move by the piston rod of the shift cylinder assembly is installed on the piston rod of the shift cylinder assembly. A shift block for driving the left and right translation of the internal gear ring is arranged at the head end of the shift fork. The shift fork is arranged on a pin shaft bracket along which it moves, and the pin shaft bracket is fixed on the rear cover.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the remarkable advantages of the present invention include: reducing the weight of the drive system, reducing the volume of the drive system, and reducing the cost of the powertrain; improving the output efficiency of the electric drive axle of commercial vehicles; improving the reliability of the power system, enhancing the waterproof and dustproof capabilities of the motor system, and improving the durability; reducing the space required for the motor control system and reducing the layout difficulty. Description of the Drawings

[0018] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention removing the load-bearing components.

[0020] Figure 3 is a partial schematic structural diagram of the load-bearing components of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the installation setting of the suction filter of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the oil-cooled flat wire motor of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 6 is a schematic structure of the oil-cooled flat wire motor of the present invention Figure Two 。

[0024] Figure 7 is a semi-sectional schematic structural diagram of the oil-cooled flat wire motor of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 8 is a schematic structural diagram of the oil-cooling system of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 9 It is a schematic diagram of the power transmission system of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 10 It is a schematic diagram of the structure at the differential assembly of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 11 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the shift mechanism assembly of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 12 It is a schematic diagram of the structure after installation of the shift mechanism assembly of the present invention.

[0030] In the figure: 1. Oil-cooled flat wire motor; 2. Differential assembly; 3. Shift mechanism assembly; 4. Wheel side reduction mechanism; 5. Front end cover of the motor; 6. Driving wheel; 7. Driven wheel; 8. Sun gear; 9. Planet gear; 10. Differential housing; 11. Half shaft; 12. Axle housing; 13. Half shaft sleeve; 14. Front cover; 15. Rear cover; 16. Motor controller; 17. Stator; 18. Rotor; 19. Motor shaft; 20. Hollow oil passage; 21. Front cover of the stator; 22. Rear cover of the stator; 23. Rear end cover of the motor; 24. Three-phase wire terminal block; 25. Suction filter; 26. Oil pump; 27. Pressure filter; 28. Heat exchanger; 29. Internal gear ring; 30. Internal gear ring bracket; 31. Tooth cover; 32. Shift fork; 33. Shift block; 34. Pin shaft bracket; 35. Upper leaf spring drag; 36. Lower leaf spring drag; 37. Side gear; 38. Output shaft of the driven wheel. Specific embodiments

[0031] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to these specific embodiments. Those skilled in the art should recognize that the present invention covers all alternative solutions, improvement solutions, and equivalent solutions that may be included within the scope of the claims.

[0032] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by terms such as "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, it should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, the meaning of "plurality" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly defined.

[0033] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and defined, terms such as "mounted", "connected", "coupled", "fixed", etc. shall be construed in a broad sense. For example, it may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it may be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it may be the communication inside two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0034] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and defined, the first feature being "on" or "under" the second feature may include the direct contact between the first and second features, or may include the situation where the first and second features are not in direct contact but in contact through additional features therebetween. Moreover, the first feature being "above", "over" and "on top of" the second feature includes that the first feature is directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or merely means that the horizontal height of the first feature is higher than that of the second feature. The first feature being "under", "beneath" and "underneath" the second feature includes that the first feature is directly below and obliquely below the second feature, or merely means that the horizontal height of the first feature is lower than that of the second feature.

[0035] See Figures 1-12, this embodiment provides a single-motor commercial vehicle electric drive axle, which includes an oil-cooled flat wire motor 1, a main reducer assembly, a differential assembly 2, a shift mechanism assembly 3, a load-bearing component, and a wheel-side reduction mechanism 4. The oil-cooled flat wire motor 1, the main reducer assembly, the differential assembly 2, the shift mechanism assembly 3, and the wheel-side reduction mechanism 4 are all installed on the load-bearing component. The oil-cooled flat wire motor 2, the main reducer assembly, and the differential assembly 2 are connected in sequence. The differential assembly 2 is connected to the wheel-side reduction mechanism 4 through a half shaft 11. The oil-cooled flat wire motor 1 includes a motor front end cover 5 and a motor rear end cover. The driving wheel 6 and the driven wheel 7 of the main reducer assembly are both installed on the motor front end cover 5. The driven wheel output shaft 38 of the driven wheel 7 is assembled with the sun gear 8 through a spline. The sun gear 8 is a floating structure, which improves the overall reliability of the planetary reduction mechanism. The main and driven gears are lubricated by the driven gear stirring oil. The planetary gear 9 of the main reducer assembly is installed in the differential assembly 2. The planet carrier of the planetary gear 9 and the differential housing 10 of the differential assembly 2 are an integral structure. One end of the half shaft 11 passes through the inner holes of the sun gear 8 and the motor front end cover 5 and is connected to the wheel-side reduction mechanism 4 on one side. The differential assembly 2 drives the half shaft 11 to rotate through the side gear 37.

[0036] The load-bearing component in this embodiment includes a bridge housing 12, a half shaft sleeve 13, a front cover 14, and a rear cover 15. The front cover 14 and the rear cover 15 are respectively fixedly installed on the front and rear sides of the bridge housing 12. The half shaft sleeves 13 are respectively detachably arranged on both sides of the bridge housing 12. The oil-cooled flat wire motor 1, the main reducer assembly, and the differential assembly 2 are integrated at the bridge housing 12. The wheel-side reduction mechanism 4 is installed outside each half shaft sleeve 13. The motor controller 16 is integrally installed on the front cover 14. The motor controller 16 is connected to the three-phase wires of the oil-cooled flat wire motor 1. The present invention cancels the external wiring harness, reduces the space required for the layout of the bridge assembly and the motor controller, saves the space of the vehicle chassis, and reduces the weight. The upper and lower leaf spring mounting structures on the bridge housing of the present invention are split type, that is, the upper leaf spring carrier 35 and the lower leaf spring carrier 36 are separately provided, and the leaf spring distance corresponding to different vehicle models is realized by adjusting the size of the leaf spring seat. Among them, the bridge housing 12 and the half shaft sleeve 13 are also split type, and the wheel track requirements corresponding to different vehicle models are realized by replacing the half shaft sleeve.

[0037] The oil-cooled flat wire motor 1 in this embodiment includes a stator 17 and a rotor 18. A motor shaft 19 is provided in the middle of the rotor 18. The motor shaft 19 is provided with a hollow oil passage 20. The oil inlets of the cooling oil passages in the stator 17 and the hollow oil passage 20 of the motor shaft 19 are both connected to the oil outlet pipe of the oil cooling system. The oil outlets of the cooling oil passages in the stator 17 and the hollow oil passage 20 of the motor shaft 19 are both connected to the oil storage cavity of the oil cooling system. The two ends of the stator 17 are respectively connected with a front stator cover 21 and a rear stator cover 22. The front stator cover 21 is connected with a front motor cover 5. The rear stator cover 22 is connected with a rear motor cover. The rotor 18 is installed inside the stator 17. The two ends of the motor shaft 19 are respectively supported by bearing chambers in the front motor cover 5 and the rear stator cover 22. Both the front stator cover 21 and the rear stator cover 22 are internally provided with a semi-circular cooling oil structure for spraying the two ends of the stator 17. The top of both the front stator cover 21 and the rear stator cover 22 is provided with an oil inlet for connecting to the oil outlet pipe. The bottom of both the front stator cover 21 and the rear stator cover 22 is provided with an oil drain hole structure, and the oil drain hole structure is connected to the oil storage cavity. The rear motor cover 23 is internally provided with a cooling oil passage structure, and the cooling oil passage structure submerges the motor shaft 19 and is connected to the hollow oil passage 20. The motor shaft 19 is evenly distributed with oil slinging holes, and the cooling oil slung out by the oil slinging holes can be slung into the end of the stator 17 through the inclined oil slinging grooves on the rotor. A three-phase wire terminal block 24 for leading the three-phase wires inside the motor to an external junction box is provided on the rear motor cover 23. The three-phase wire terminal block 24 is a copper bar injection molding integrated structure. In the present invention, the motor is separated from the junction box through the three-phase wire terminal block 24, and the internal condensation of the motor is avoided through the hot and cold isolation method, which affects the insulation performance.

[0038] The oil cooling system in this embodiment further includes a suction filter 25, an oil pump 26, a pressure filter 27, and a heat exchanger 28. The suction filter 25 is arranged at the bottom inside the axle housing 12. The suction filter 25 is connected to the oil storage cavity. The output end of the suction filter 25 is connected to the input end of the oil pump 26. The output end of the oil pump 26 is sequentially connected to the pressure filter 27 and the heat exchanger 28 through an oil passage integrated on the rear cover 15. The output end of the heat exchanger 28 is provided with two oil outlet pipes. One oil outlet pipe is connected to the oil inlet of the oil-cooled flat wire motor 1, and the other oil outlet pipe is connected to the oil inlet of the differential assembly 2. The oil outlets of the oil-cooled flat wire motor 1 and the differential assembly 2 are both connected to the oil storage cavity. The present invention reduces the external connection of pipelines. After passing through the heat exchanger, the lubricating oil passes through one path to cool the stator and rotor of the motor, and through the other path to lubricate the differential gears inside the differential. In this embodiment, both the front motor cover 5 and the rear motor cover are made of aluminum alloy parts, which reduces the weight and increases the heat dissipation capacity at the same time. The suction filter of the present invention is arranged at the bottom side inside the axle, avoiding the air suction phenomenon in the case of going uphill or downhill.

[0039] The oil cooling system in this embodiment adopts a form that combines stainless steel bent pipes and flexible oil pipes, and realizes the cooling effect by opening oil injection holes at the bottom of the oil pipes. Each oil outlet is connected to the front stator cover, rear stator cover, and flanging rear cover through bolts and rubber gaskets respectively to achieve the functions of spraying, splashing, and immersing cooling on both ends of the motor shaft and stator winding. The oil inlet is connected to the heat exchanger to ensure that the cooled oil enters the cooling system to play a cooling role. The normal operation of the entire cooling system starts with the oil pump extracting the cooling oil and cooling it through the heat exchanger, and then respectively outputting the oil in the oil channel inside the rear stator cover to spray the end of the stator winding, the oil in the oil channel inside the front stator cover to spray the end of the stator winding, directly discharging oil to cool the surface of the stator winding core, the oil in the oil channel inside the rear end cover of the motor to immerse the motor shaft, and spraying the cooling oil to the rotor inclined oil throwing groove through the evenly distributed oil throwing holes inside the motor shaft. The cooling oil is directly thrown through the inclined oil throwing groove to cool the end of the stator winding. After operation, the hot oil is pumped by the oil pump to the coolant to the heat exchanger to start the next cycle, and the entire circulating oil path constitutes the entire cooling system. The oil-cooled flat wire motor 1 and the differential assembly 2 are relatively independent, optimizing the cleanliness of the motor itself, increasing the service life of the motor, and improving the efficiency of the electric drive system. The unique design of the oil-cooled flat wire motor 1 can make the oil spray onto the motor stator and rotor as much as possible, enabling more heat of the motor to be carried away by the oil, and achieving a better cooling effect. The front part of the cooling system of the motor and the transmission is shared, which can save the internal space of the box body and reduce the overall cost.

[0040] The differential assembly 2 in this embodiment includes an internal gear ring 29. The internal gear ring 29 is sleeved outside the planet gear 9. Inner gear ring brackets 30 and tooth covers 31 are respectively arranged on both sides of the internal gear ring 29. The internal gear ring 29 can move and then mesh with the inner gear ring bracket 30 and the tooth cover 31 respectively. When the internal gear ring 29 meshes with the inner gear ring bracket 30, the internal gear ring 29 does not rotate, and this is the first gear state. When the internal gear ring 29 meshes with the tooth cover 31, the internal gear ring 29 rotates, and this is the second gear state. The differential assembly 2 includes a differential housing 10. A vehicle speed and mileage sensor for sensing the gear ring is installed on the differential housing 10, that is, the differential housing simultaneously realizes the speed measurement function.

[0041] The shift mechanism assembly 3 in this embodiment is a pneumatic shift mechanism. A shift fork 32 driven to move by it is installed on the piston rod of the shift cylinder assembly 3. A shift block 33 for driving the internal gear ring 29 to move horizontally is arranged at the head end of the shift fork 32. The shift fork 32 is arranged on a pin shaft bracket 34 along which it moves. The pin shaft bracket 34 is fixed on the rear cover 15. The pneumatic shift mechanism pushes the shift fork 33 to slide horizontally to realize shifting.

[0042] In this embodiment, the wheel side reduction mechanism 4 is a planetary reduction mechanism. The sun gear is a floating structure to increase the reliability of the planetary reduction mechanism. The machining process of the internal gear ring gear is a gear grinding process, effectively reducing the noise of the wheel side drive system and improving the NVH of the entire bridge.

[0043] The present invention reduces the weight of the drive system, decreases the volume of the drive system, and reduces the cost of the powertrain; improves the output efficiency of the electric drive axle of commercial vehicles; improves the reliability of the power system, enhances the waterproof and dustproof capabilities of the motor system, and improves the durability; reduces the space required for the motor control system and eases the layout difficulty.

Claims

1. A single-motor commercial vehicle electric drive axle, comprising an oil-cooled flat wire motor, a main reducer assembly, a differential assembly, a shift mechanism assembly, a load-bearing component, and a wheel side reduction mechanism. The oil-cooled flat wire motor, the main reducer assembly, the differential assembly, the shift mechanism assembly, and the wheel side reduction mechanism are all installed on the load-bearing component. The oil-cooled flat wire motor, the main reducer assembly, and the differential assembly are connected in sequence. The differential assembly is connected to the wheel side reduction mechanism through a half shaft. The oil-cooled flat wire motor includes a motor front end cover and a motor rear end cover. The driving wheel and the driven wheel of the main reducer assembly are both installed on the motor front end cover. The driven wheel output shaft of the driven wheel is assembled with the sun gear. It is characterized in that: The planet gears of the main reducer assembly are installed inside the differential assembly. The planet carrier of the planet gears and the differential housing of the differential assembly are of an integral structure. One end of the half shaft passes through the inner holes of the sun gear and the front end cover of the motor and is connected to the wheel side reduction mechanism on one side.

2. The single-motor commercial vehicle electric drive axle according to claim 1, wherein: The load-bearing components include a bridge housing, half shaft sleeves, a front cover, and a rear cover. The front cover and the rear cover are respectively fixedly installed on the front and rear sides of the bridge housing. The half shaft sleeves are respectively detachably arranged on both sides of the bridge housing. The oil-cooled flat wire motor, the main reducer assembly, and the differential assembly are integrated at the bridge housing. The wheel side reduction mechanism is installed outside each half shaft sleeve.

3. The single-motor commercial vehicle electric drive axle according to claim 2, wherein: The motor controller is integrally installed on the front cover, and the motor controller is connected to the three-phase wires of the oil-cooled flat wire motor.

4. The single-motor commercial vehicle electric drive axle according to claim 1, wherein: The oil-cooled flat wire motor includes a stator and a rotor. A motor shaft is provided in the middle of the rotor. The motor shaft is provided with a hollow oil passage. The oil inlets of the cooling oil passage in the stator and the hollow oil passage of the motor shaft are both communicated with the outlet pipe of the oil cooling system. The oil outlets of the cooling oil passage in the stator and the hollow oil passage of the motor shaft are both communicated with the oil storage cavity of the oil cooling system.

5. The single-motor commercial vehicle electric drive axle according to claim 4, characterized in that: Both ends of the stator are respectively connected with a stator front cover and a stator rear cover. The stator front cover is connected with the front end cover of the motor, and the stator rear cover is connected with the rear end cover of the motor. The rotor is installed inside the stator. Both ends of the motor shaft are respectively supported by the bearing chambers in the front end cover of the motor and the stator rear cover. Both the stator front cover and the stator rear cover are internally provided with a semi-circular cooling oil structure for spraying the two ends of the stator assembly. The top of both the stator front cover and the stator rear cover is provided with an oil inlet for communicating with the outlet pipe. The bottom of both the stator front cover and the stator rear cover is provided with an oil drain hole structure, and the oil drain hole structure is communicated with the oil storage cavity. The rear end cover of the motor is internally provided with a cooling oil passage structure, and the cooling oil passage structure submerges the motor shaft and is communicated with the hollow oil passage. The motor shaft is evenly provided with oil slinging holes, and the cooling oil slung out by the oil slinging holes can be slung into the end of the stator through the inclined oil slinging grooves on the rotor.

6. The single-motor commercial vehicle electric drive axle according to claim 5, characterized in that: A three-phase wire terminal block for leading the three-phase wires inside the motor to the external junction box is arranged on the rear end cover of the motor, and the three-phase wire terminal block is of a copper bar injection molding integral structure.

7. A single-motor commercial vehicle electric drive axle according to claim 4, characterized in that: The oil cooling system further includes a suction filter, an oil pump, a pressure filter, and a heat exchanger. The suction filter is arranged at the bottom inside the bridge housing, and the suction filter is communicated with the oil storage cavity. The output end of the suction filter is communicated with the input end of the oil pump. The output end of the oil pump is sequentially communicated with the pressure filter and the heat exchanger through the oil passage integrated on the rear cover. The output end of the heat exchanger is provided with two outlet pipes. One outlet pipe is communicated with the oil inlet in the oil-cooled flat wire motor, and the other outlet pipe is communicated with the oil inlet in the differential assembly. The oil outlets of the oil-cooled flat wire motor and the differential assembly are both communicated with the oil storage cavity.

8. A single-motor commercial vehicle electric drive axle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The differential assembly includes an internal gear ring. The internal gear ring is sleeved outside the planet gears. Inner gear ring brackets and tooth covers are respectively arranged on both sides of the internal gear ring. The internal gear ring can move and respectively mesh with the inner gear ring bracket and the tooth cover. When the internal gear ring meshes with the inner gear ring bracket, the internal gear ring does not rotate, and this is the first gear state at this time. When the internal gear ring meshes with the tooth cover, the internal gear ring rotates, and this is the second gear state at this time.

9. The single-motor commercial vehicle electric drive axle according to claim 8, wherein: The differential assembly includes a differential housing, and a vehicle speed and mileage sensor for sensing the toothed ring is mounted on the differential housing, that is, the differential housing simultaneously realizes the speed measurement function.

10. The single-motor commercial vehicle electric drive axle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shift mechanism assembly is a pneumatic shift mechanism. A shift fork driven to move by the piston rod of the shift cylinder assembly is mounted on the piston rod of the shift cylinder assembly. A shift block for driving the internal gear ring to translate left and right is arranged at the head end of the shift fork. The shift fork is arranged on a pin shaft bracket along which it moves, and the pin shaft bracket is fixed on the rear cover.

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